5.Paparan Panas

7/30/2019 5.Paparan Panas

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Heat Stress


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Objectives

Definitions Causal factors

Heat disorders and health effects

Prevention and control

Engineering controls

PPE


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Objectives

Work practice controlsAcclimatization

Re-acclimating

Administrative controls

Work monitoring

Training


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Definitions

Heat stress Sum of environmental and metabolic heat loads on

an individual minus the heat loss to the environment,

primarily through evaporation

Heat strain Overall physiological response resulting from heat

stress


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The Four Environmental Factors

TemperatureAmbient air temperature

Humidity

Amount of moisture in the air

Radiant heat Such as from the sun or a furnace

Air velocity Circulating air


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What is a WBGT?

1. normal thermometer (dry-bulb)

2. wet-bulb thermometer

humidity3. globe temperature

radiant heat

Wet Bulb Globe Temp.


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Whats the Law?

General Duty Clause: 25(2)(h) an employer shall, take every precaution

reasonable in the circumstances for the protection of aworker; taken from: OH&S Act

MOL Heath and Safety Guidelines: Heat Stress: The MOL uses the TLVs for Heat Stress published by

the ACGIH.taken from: http://www.gov.on.ca/LAB/english/hs/guidelines/gl_heat.html


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Screening WBGT (in C ):

workdemands:

light moderate heavy veryheavy

100% work;

(breaks incl.)

28.0

31.0

25.0

28.0

not

allowed

not

allowed75% work;25% rest

28.531.0

26.029.0

24.027.5

notallowed

50% work;

50% rest

29.5

32.0

27.0

30.0

25.5

29.0

24.5

28.025% work;75% rest

29.032.5

29.031.0

28.030.5

27.030.0

Action Level TLV


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1. clothing OK/adjustment?

2/3a. WBGT screening/detailed action limit

2/3b. WBGT screening/detailed TLV

5.job-specific controls

NO

4. heat strain evaluation- heart rate- core temperature

YES

above

below

above or no data

excessive

OK

below

2007

ACGIHHeatStress/Strain

TLV

keep monitoring

general controls


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Causal Factors

Age, weight, degree of physical fitness Degree of acclimatization, metabolism

Use of alcohol or drugs

as well as a variety ofmedical conditions such as

hypertension all affect a

persons sensitivity to heat.


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with all these vulnerabilities

who typically gets heat stroke?

young physically fit males

and sick older people


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Acclimatization

Acclimatization Successive heat exposures of at least one hour per

day

Initially, 20% exposure for the first day, followed by

20% per day increase in exposure over the next fourdays


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Re-Acclimating

After long absences 50% exposure on day back

20% per day increase for the next 2 days

Final 10% on the 3

rd

day


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Causal Factors

Prior heat injury predisposes an individual toadditional injury

Type of clothing worn must be considered


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The Heat Equation


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Heat Disorders and Health Effects

Heat rash

Heat cramps

Heat exhaustion

Heat stroke


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Heat Rash

Most common problem in hot workenvironments

Symptoms

Prickly heat is manifested as red papules and usuallyappears in areas where the clothing is restrictive

Sweat cannot freely evaporate from the skin and

sweat ducts become plugged


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Heat Rash

Prevention Prevented by breathable clothing, thorough

cleansing of the skin

Treatment Treated by keeping skin dry, use of cooled sleeping

quarters, calamine lotion


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Heat Cramps

May result after excessive water loss,sweating, dehydration

Symptoms

Shriveled skin, sunken eyes, dry mouth and tongue

Severe pain and cramps in legs and abdomen,

fainting or dizziness, weakness, profuse

sweating, and headaches


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Heat Cramps

Treatment Increase fluid intake, increase salt intake, rest and

move to a cool place


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Heat Exhaustion

Blood moves toward outer body to removeheat. Blood pools in the skin leaving less for the brain.

Symptoms Fatigue, headache, dizziness, profuse sweating,

rapid pulse, thirst, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting,

and fainting


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Heat Exhaustion

Treatment Get to the shade, cool off, increase fluids, cold wet

towels or ice, fan, elevate legs above heart, loosen

clothing, dont give any liquids containing alcohol or

caffeine, may need IV.

If condition worsens, seek medical

attention immediately.

If left untreated, heat exhaustion can

lead to HEAT STROKE.


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Heat Stroke

A medical emergency and a life threatening

condition caused by the failure of the heat-

regulating mechanisms of the body, due to

high heat and humidity.

Core temperature rises, body stops sweating


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Heat Stroke

Symptoms Skin is hot and dry, flushed; rapid pulse; confusion;

nausea; convulsions; rectal temp. > 105.8 F;

unconsciousness


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Heat Stroke

Treatment Remove to cooler location, loosen clothing, immerse

in cool water, wrap in wet sheets, cold compresses

to the head, neck and groin. SEEK MEDICAL

ATTENTION IMMEDIATELY.
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://school.discoveryeducation.com/clipart/images/firstaid.gif&imgrefurl=http://school.discoveryeducation.com/clipart/clip/firstaid.html&usg=__i6HVZlJBo4wd_yjr12HGpR_UHCg=&h=448&w=500&sz=8&hl=en&start=2&tbnid=ozFwq9SCdEByWM:&tbnh=116&tbnw=130&prev=/images?q=first+aid+clip+art&gbv=2&hl=en&sa=G


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Citations for Heat Stress?

Heat stress hazards are cited using theGeneral Duty Clause.

General Duty Clause

Each employer shall furnish to each of his employeesconditions of employment and a place of employment

that are free from recognized hazards that are causing or

are likely to cause death or serious injury or serious

physical harm to his employees.


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The employer failed to keep the workplacefree of a hazard to which employees of thatemployer were exposed and:

The hazard was recognized in the industry,

The hazard was causing or likely to cause death orserious physical harm, and

There was a feasible and useful method to correct

the hazard.

The General Duty ClauseNCGS 95-129(1)


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Prevention and Control

Engineering controls Personal protective equipment (PPE)

Work practice controls


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Engineering Controls

General ventilationAir treatment/air cooling air conditioning

Local air cooling

Convection Heat conduction

Radiant heat sources

Shielding Insulation and surface modification
http://www.osha.gov/Publications/OSHA3108/images/osha3108_06.jpg


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Work Practice Controls

Perform work activities during cooler periods of the day

Minimize activity in hot area

Slow down the work pace

Reduce the number and duration of exposures

Wear proper clothing

Provide recovery areas

Work rate

The fastest way to decrease the rate of heat production is to

decrease the work rate.


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Work Monitoring Programs

Personal monitoring Heart rate

Recovery heart rate

Oral temperature Extent of body water loss


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Personal Protective Equipment

Reflective clothing

Auxiliary body cooling

Ice vests

Wetted clothing low humidity

Water-cooled garmentshoods, vests and long

johns

Circulating air vortex tubes, compressed air


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Training

Knowledge of hazards

Predisposing factors age, etc.

Signs and symptoms

PPE

First aid

Health effects of heat stroke


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Bottom Line

Excessive heat in the work environment canlead to:

Serious physical harm, and

Even death

The keys are:

Recognition of the potential, and

Prevention


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Thank You For Attending!

Final Questions?

Date post:	14-Apr-2018
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