+ All Categories
Home > Documents > 5th Annual International Symposium -...

5th Annual International Symposium -...

Date post: 01-Aug-2020
Category:
Upload: others
View: 1 times
Download: 0 times
Share this document with a friend
32
5 th Annual International Symposium Biosecurity and Biosafety: Future Trends and Solutions Palazzo CusaniMilan, Italy April 24, 2014
Transcript
Page 1: 5th Annual International Symposium - CLIMVIBclimvib.eu/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/2014_alhmoud.pdf · 2019-06-05 · NISREEN AL‐HMOUD (PhD in Microbiology) e‐mail: nisreen.hmoud@rss.jo

5th Annual International Symposium

Biosecurity and Biosafety: Future Trends and Solutions

Palazzo Cusani‐Milan, ItalyApril 2‐4, 2014

Page 2: 5th Annual International Symposium - CLIMVIBclimvib.eu/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/2014_alhmoud.pdf · 2019-06-05 · NISREEN AL‐HMOUD (PhD in Microbiology) e‐mail: nisreen.hmoud@rss.jo

NISREEN AL‐HMOUD (PhD in Microbiology)e‐mail: [email protected]

Round Table 3: Combining Development and Security

Effective Practices In Addressing Proliferation Risks In

Biotechnology: A Tool For Stability And Development

Page 3: 5th Annual International Symposium - CLIMVIBclimvib.eu/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/2014_alhmoud.pdf · 2019-06-05 · NISREEN AL‐HMOUD (PhD in Microbiology) e‐mail: nisreen.hmoud@rss.jo

Knowledge without Knowledge without conscience is simply the conscience is simply the ruin of the soul.ruin of the soul.F. Rabelais, 1532

Page 4: 5th Annual International Symposium - CLIMVIBclimvib.eu/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/2014_alhmoud.pdf · 2019-06-05 · NISREEN AL‐HMOUD (PhD in Microbiology) e‐mail: nisreen.hmoud@rss.jo

I. INTRODUCTION

• Biotechnology,  and  the  knowledge  that  derives  from  it,  has been increasing at a phenomenal rate for the past 20 years.

• Just  as  new  biological  knowledge  builds  on  previous knowledge,  so  too,  the  biotech  revolution  was  built  on previous revolutions in transportation and communication.

• “Every  major  technology  ‐ metallurgy,  explosives,  internal combustion, aviation,  electronics, nuclear  energy  ‐ has been intensively exploited, not only  for peaceful purposes but also for  hostile  ones. Must  this  also  happen with  biotechnology, certain  to  be  a  dominant  technology  of  the  [twenty‐first] century?”(1)

Page 5: 5th Annual International Symposium - CLIMVIBclimvib.eu/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/2014_alhmoud.pdf · 2019-06-05 · NISREEN AL‐HMOUD (PhD in Microbiology) e‐mail: nisreen.hmoud@rss.jo

Reminder

• Dual Use Research of Concern (DURC) is Research that, based on  current  understanding,  can  be  reasonably  anticipated  to provide  knowledge,  products,  or  technologies  that  could  be directly misapplied by others to pose a threat to public health and  safety, agriculture, plants, animals,  the environment, or material.

• Reference: National Research Council, Biotechnology Research  in an Age of Terrorism, (Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2004).

Page 6: 5th Annual International Symposium - CLIMVIBclimvib.eu/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/2014_alhmoud.pdf · 2019-06-05 · NISREEN AL‐HMOUD (PhD in Microbiology) e‐mail: nisreen.hmoud@rss.jo

I. INTRODUCTION

• Between  October  2011  and  March  2012,  a  controversy regarding  the  publication  of  results  of H5N1  influenza  virus research  by  two  scientists  led  to  additional  oversight  of  a relatively  broad  segment  of  the  infectious  disease  research enterprise in the U.S. (2)

• The episode has been described as an example of  the “dual use  dilemma,” legitimate  and  open  research  that  could  be exploited for harm by others.

Page 7: 5th Annual International Symposium - CLIMVIBclimvib.eu/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/2014_alhmoud.pdf · 2019-06-05 · NISREEN AL‐HMOUD (PhD in Microbiology) e‐mail: nisreen.hmoud@rss.jo

I. INTRODUCTION

• The  recent  concern  regarding  Dual  Use  Research  (DUR)  is focused  on  the  traditional  agents  of  biological warfare  and the influenza viruses. 

• Yet, these Select Agents are but a small part of the spectrum of biological  threats and  risks we humans, our  animals, and plants  face today. Therefore, DURC cannot be understood  in isolation.

Page 8: 5th Annual International Symposium - CLIMVIBclimvib.eu/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/2014_alhmoud.pdf · 2019-06-05 · NISREEN AL‐HMOUD (PhD in Microbiology) e‐mail: nisreen.hmoud@rss.jo

Franz, D (2014) The Dual Use Dilemma: Crying Out For Leadership

Page 9: 5th Annual International Symposium - CLIMVIBclimvib.eu/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/2014_alhmoud.pdf · 2019-06-05 · NISREEN AL‐HMOUD (PhD in Microbiology) e‐mail: nisreen.hmoud@rss.jo

II. THE UNFOLDING PROBLEMS• DURC poses some immeasurable, but potentially high‐impact, 

threats for state or non‐state terrorism. The more immediate risk is the unintended release of pathogens, with potential to harm humans, livestock, agriculture, or the environs.

• There  is  negligible  oversight  in  any  country  over  potential DURC executed  in  low‐security  labs,  such  as  those  found  in high schools, colleges, and most private sector facilities.

• No uniform  international or regional standards or definitions exist of laboratory security, safety, or protocols for DURC*.

*:  http://www.cfr.org/health/making‐new‐revolutions‐biology‐safe/p31453?cid=rss‐health‐making_the_new_revolutions_in_‐102313

Page 10: 5th Annual International Symposium - CLIMVIBclimvib.eu/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/2014_alhmoud.pdf · 2019-06-05 · NISREEN AL‐HMOUD (PhD in Microbiology) e‐mail: nisreen.hmoud@rss.jo

III. HEALTH, DEVELOPMENT AND SECURITY

• Development and  security are  inextricably  linked.  A  more secure world is only possible if poor countries are given a real chance to develop. 

• Extreme  poverty  and  infectious  diseases  threaten  many people  directly,  but  they  also  provide  a  fertile  breeding‐ground for other threats, including civil conflict. 

• Even  people  in  rich  countries  will  be  more  secure  if  their Governments  help  poor  countries  to  defeat  poverty  and disease.

Page 11: 5th Annual International Symposium - CLIMVIBclimvib.eu/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/2014_alhmoud.pdf · 2019-06-05 · NISREEN AL‐HMOUD (PhD in Microbiology) e‐mail: nisreen.hmoud@rss.jo

III. HEALTH, DEVELOPMENT AND SECURITY

• Both  health and  security are  of  interest  to  government decision makers and decision influencers.

• However, the funding they provide to protect the population depends on their perception of the threat or risk. 

• It also appears  that  in biology, government decision makers often  prefer  funding  response measures rather  than preventive measures, regardless of whether they are seeking health or security.

Page 12: 5th Annual International Symposium - CLIMVIBclimvib.eu/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/2014_alhmoud.pdf · 2019-06-05 · NISREEN AL‐HMOUD (PhD in Microbiology) e‐mail: nisreen.hmoud@rss.jo

III. HEALTH, DEVELOPMENT AND SECURITY• Strengthening  health  security  required  sustainedsustained and  longlong‐‐

term  investmentterm  investment in  human  resources,  infrastructure,  and Standard Operating Procedures,  adapted  to  local needs  and circumstances.

• Early  investment to build capacity and preparedness  is much more  cost‐effective  than  responding  to  events  as  they occurred.

Page 13: 5th Annual International Symposium - CLIMVIBclimvib.eu/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/2014_alhmoud.pdf · 2019-06-05 · NISREEN AL‐HMOUD (PhD in Microbiology) e‐mail: nisreen.hmoud@rss.jo

IV. WHAT NEEDS TO BE DONE

• There  should  be  more  emphasis  on  the  role  of  healthy cultures  within  laboratories  to  counter  the  potential  for accidental misapplications or intentional misuses of biological technologies by those possessing relevant knowledge.

• “Culture of Responsibility in the Life Sciences”

Page 14: 5th Annual International Symposium - CLIMVIBclimvib.eu/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/2014_alhmoud.pdf · 2019-06-05 · NISREEN AL‐HMOUD (PhD in Microbiology) e‐mail: nisreen.hmoud@rss.jo

V. STATUS OF BIOSAFETY AND BIOSECURITY IN MENA REGION

• Many Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries and for many  laboratories, guidance or  specific  requirements  for  the appropriate  handling  and  storage  of  Valuable  Biological Materials  (VBM) do  not  yet  exist.  This  raises  the  following questions: – How  are  these  agents  generally  kept  in  such  countries? Who 

has access to them? 

– What kind of research is allowed and conducted with them?

– Who oversees this research? 

– Who has the ultimate responsibility for these agents? 

– Who should have access to information related to these agents, including research results and storage details? 

Page 15: 5th Annual International Symposium - CLIMVIBclimvib.eu/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/2014_alhmoud.pdf · 2019-06-05 · NISREEN AL‐HMOUD (PhD in Microbiology) e‐mail: nisreen.hmoud@rss.jo

V. STATUS OF BIOSAFETY AND BIOSECURITY IN MENA REGION

• Many open questions still remain in the context of  laboratory laboratory biosecuritybiosecurity, and much still needs  to be done  to reassure  the public,  scientists,  laboratory  managers,  regulators,  national authorities  and  the  international  community  that  the appropriate  measures  to  prevent,  manage,  control  and minimize the biorisks associated with possessing and handling infectious agents are in place. 

Page 16: 5th Annual International Symposium - CLIMVIBclimvib.eu/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/2014_alhmoud.pdf · 2019-06-05 · NISREEN AL‐HMOUD (PhD in Microbiology) e‐mail: nisreen.hmoud@rss.jo

V. STATUS OF BIOSAFETY AND BIOSECURITY IN MENA REGION

• Until  very  recently,  the MENA  region was  a  low priority  for funding.  

• The  increased  socio‐political  turbulence  in  the  region during the  last  several  years  has  driven  a  heightened  awareness globally of its implications for safety and security.

Page 17: 5th Annual International Symposium - CLIMVIBclimvib.eu/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/2014_alhmoud.pdf · 2019-06-05 · NISREEN AL‐HMOUD (PhD in Microbiology) e‐mail: nisreen.hmoud@rss.jo

The Status of Bioscience Labs in MENA Region

• Some  MENA  countries  have  high  excellence  Biotech laboratories, but the capacity building in biosafety/biosecurity vary among the countries of the region. – Biosafety  is more  prevalent  than  biosecurity;  one  reason why 

biosecurity  is  employed  less  often  is  because  laboratory biosecurity is a relatively new concept!

– Simple practices and techniques predominate.

– Perceptions of risk vary among the region.

Page 18: 5th Annual International Symposium - CLIMVIBclimvib.eu/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/2014_alhmoud.pdf · 2019-06-05 · NISREEN AL‐HMOUD (PhD in Microbiology) e‐mail: nisreen.hmoud@rss.jo

The Status of Bioscience Labs in MENA Region

• A lack of funding and other resources is considered as the primary factor  that  prevents  laboratories  from  applying  appropriate biosafety and biosecurity measures.– A lack of funds, in some countries of the region, prohibits laboratories 

from purchasing the necessary equipment and hiring qualified staff. 

• A lack of awareness or education is also a significant hurdle.– Many scientists are guided by  their employers or employee  training, 

but biosafety training is minimally conducted in all MENA countries. 

• Furthermore, every country  in  the  region  looks  to  its governmentto  help  shape  its  biosafety  and  biosecurity  practices  in  the laboratory.– Yet, for many countries, no national regulations or guidance exists.

Page 19: 5th Annual International Symposium - CLIMVIBclimvib.eu/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/2014_alhmoud.pdf · 2019-06-05 · NISREEN AL‐HMOUD (PhD in Microbiology) e‐mail: nisreen.hmoud@rss.jo

Consequent Risk!!! 

• Insufficient safety and security measures at  laboratories and other facilities pose clear and obvious risks.

•• What is requiredWhat is required?

• Full  awareness  by  relevant  communities  of  the  risks  that might be involved.

Page 20: 5th Annual International Symposium - CLIMVIBclimvib.eu/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/2014_alhmoud.pdf · 2019-06-05 · NISREEN AL‐HMOUD (PhD in Microbiology) e‐mail: nisreen.hmoud@rss.jo

In order to achieve this, In order to achieve this, 

• identify  priorities (needs/difficulties/remedies);

• identify  and  assess  the  relevant  beneficiaries,  the implementing  partners  and  the  political willingness  to  build cooperation within the MENA countries; 

• assess major risks area such as design, operation, and physical protection  of  high  risk  facilities  and  identify  required preventive and corrective measures;

• design pilot projects in limited number of selected laboratories to ensure adequate levels of biosafety and biosecurity;

• assess  effectiveness  of  regulatory  framework  and  propose remedial  measures  in  accordance  with  international  best practices (including international awareness raising measures). 

Page 21: 5th Annual International Symposium - CLIMVIBclimvib.eu/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/2014_alhmoud.pdf · 2019-06-05 · NISREEN AL‐HMOUD (PhD in Microbiology) e‐mail: nisreen.hmoud@rss.jo

This can be achieved through

• establishing the MENA Network for Biosafety and Biosecurity.

• Topics  of  interest  to  the  region:  Risk  of  large  outbreaks  of diseases.– need of optimal  sanitary situation, 

– need of sound governmental response plans

Page 22: 5th Annual International Symposium - CLIMVIBclimvib.eu/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/2014_alhmoud.pdf · 2019-06-05 · NISREEN AL‐HMOUD (PhD in Microbiology) e‐mail: nisreen.hmoud@rss.jo

Steps for Networking and Harmonization

• Establishment  of  a  regional  office  for  MENA  Biosafety  and Biosecurity.

• Identification of national focal laboratories in MENA countries.

• Establishment  of  laboratories  network  between  MENA countries.– What methods should be used for developing the network?

– What information should be communicated?

• Coordination with the international organizations.–– Donors  would  work  with  regional  and  national  biosafety Donors  would  work  with  regional  and  national  biosafety 

organizations to avoid duplicating training and other effortsorganizations to avoid duplicating training and other efforts.

Page 23: 5th Annual International Symposium - CLIMVIBclimvib.eu/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/2014_alhmoud.pdf · 2019-06-05 · NISREEN AL‐HMOUD (PhD in Microbiology) e‐mail: nisreen.hmoud@rss.jo

Potential Areas of Cooperation with the International Organizations in Biosafety and Biosecurity 

• Biosafety: – in operating procedures in BSL 3 lab,

– for the storage and the management of the strains collections,

– for the relevant legislations, regulations and procedures,

– for the knowledge of biorisk assessment and management.

• Biosecurity: – for  the  access,  storage  and  the  management  of  the  strains 

collections (traceability)

– for the relevant legislations, regulations and procedures

– export control/customs checking/borders monitoring

Page 24: 5th Annual International Symposium - CLIMVIBclimvib.eu/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/2014_alhmoud.pdf · 2019-06-05 · NISREEN AL‐HMOUD (PhD in Microbiology) e‐mail: nisreen.hmoud@rss.jo

Biosafety Laboratories Network of MENA Region‐Roadmap

•• RegionalRegional approach.

• Sharing the culture of biological risks assessmentassessment.

• Sharing the culture of biological risks managementmanagement.

• Finalizing the fine assessment of the needs fine assessment of the needs of improvement in biosafety and biosecurity through a sound analysis of the laws sound analysis of the laws and  regulationsand  regulations in  close  cooperation with  the  international agencies.

• Upgrading and strengtheningstrengthening the  legislationslegislations and  regulationsregulationswith regard to export control for dual‐use goods.

• Upgrading  and  strengtheningstrengthening the  quality  managements quality  managements systemssystems as  needed,  especially  ISO  17025  for  enhancing international cooperationinternational cooperation, thus economic developmenteconomic development.

Page 25: 5th Annual International Symposium - CLIMVIBclimvib.eu/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/2014_alhmoud.pdf · 2019-06-05 · NISREEN AL‐HMOUD (PhD in Microbiology) e‐mail: nisreen.hmoud@rss.jo

Biosafety Laboratories Network of MENA Region‐Roadmap: Training Requirements

• The  Training needs  should  be  conducted  at  different  levels: theoreticaltheoretical and pragmaticpragmatic, and for the four types of «customers»: governmental authorities, directors of  laboratories, scientific staffand technical staff of the laboratories.

• The  TrainingTraining has  to  be  conducted  according  to  the  types  of activities: Research and Development (R & D)Research and Development (R & D), Biological Resources Biological Resources CentersCenters ‐ for the management of a collection of strains, especially when  there  are  high  pathogen  biological  strains  ‐,  exchanges  of biological  strains  between  laboratories,  including  packaging  andtransportation, test or diagnostic  laboratories,  in compliance with the international best practices.

Page 26: 5th Annual International Symposium - CLIMVIBclimvib.eu/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/2014_alhmoud.pdf · 2019-06-05 · NISREEN AL‐HMOUD (PhD in Microbiology) e‐mail: nisreen.hmoud@rss.jo

Biosafety Laboratories Network of MENA Region‐Roadmap: Recommendations

There is a need to develop a national/regional  implementation plan that 

•balances human and animal disease efforts, 

•creates a national/regional regulatory framework, 

•focuses on laboratory consolidation rather than expansion,•emphasizes international collaborative relationships, and

•identifies funding for creating a professional biosafety societyand national biosafety training centers.

Page 27: 5th Annual International Symposium - CLIMVIBclimvib.eu/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/2014_alhmoud.pdf · 2019-06-05 · NISREEN AL‐HMOUD (PhD in Microbiology) e‐mail: nisreen.hmoud@rss.jo

VI. CONCLUSIONS

• There  is  no  consensus  among  science  and  security  experts regarding  which  dual‐use  research  weighs  on  the  side  of social benefit,  versus  that which poses  significant danger  to mankind. 

• Much work remains  to be done  internationally  to safely and securely manage  infectious agents and  toxins and  to  reduce the risk of exposure and theft. 

• Concerns  in  developing  countries  that  the  developed world will use DURC  regulation  to hold  them back are not entirely groundless.– It  is  imperative  that wealthy nations assist  them  in developing 

their research, biosecurity, and bio‐surveillance capacities. 

Page 28: 5th Annual International Symposium - CLIMVIBclimvib.eu/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/2014_alhmoud.pdf · 2019-06-05 · NISREEN AL‐HMOUD (PhD in Microbiology) e‐mail: nisreen.hmoud@rss.jo

VI. CONCLUSIONS• Establishing  a  cultureculture of  safety,  security,  and  responsibility 

will be immensely challenging, especially in those areas of the world  that  do  not  perceive  the  risks  and/or  lack  adequate resources to mitigate those risks.

• The  provision  of  safe  and  secure  biological  laboratories throughout  the  MENA  countries,  enhances  the  regional capacity to respond to the most challenging biological risks.

• The  level of biosafety awareness and practices varies greatly among MENA  countries.  In  some  countries  there  is  a  long tradition of a biosafety culture, often built in the occupational occupational health legislationhealth legislation.– More  information  needs  to  be  collected  about  laboratory 

policies and practices in MENA region. 

Page 29: 5th Annual International Symposium - CLIMVIBclimvib.eu/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/2014_alhmoud.pdf · 2019-06-05 · NISREEN AL‐HMOUD (PhD in Microbiology) e‐mail: nisreen.hmoud@rss.jo

VI. CONCLUSIONS

• Regional Biosafety and Biosecurity Networks might be a more practical way to start.– The capacity in many MENA countries is still developing. 

– A roadmap is needed for buildingbuilding and sustainingsustaining networks in the region  that  encourage  cross‐border  collaboration  on  technical policy issues in the biological field.

• The wealth of data obtained through these regional networks, when combined with insights obtained through complementary and  collaborative  relationships with partners  in  this  field,  canbe used  to better  raise  regional and   global awareness of  the critical  issues  involved  with  developing,  implementing,  and overseeing  biosafety  and  biosecurity  measures  in  bioscience institutes around the world.

Page 30: 5th Annual International Symposium - CLIMVIBclimvib.eu/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/2014_alhmoud.pdf · 2019-06-05 · NISREEN AL‐HMOUD (PhD in Microbiology) e‐mail: nisreen.hmoud@rss.jo

References

1) Matthew  Meselson,  Professor,  Harvard  Univ.,  Presentation  on  The Problem  of  Biological Weapons  at  the  1818th  Stated Meeting  of  the American  Academy  of  Arts  and  Sciences  (Jan.  13,  1999),  available at http://www.pugwash.org/reports/cbw/cbw5.htm. 

2) Ron A.M. Fouchier et al., Transmission Studies Resume for Avian Flu, 339 SCI. 520, 520 (2013). H5N1 is a subtype of the influenza A virus, known as “bird  flu” or  “highly  pathogenic  avian  influenza”.  It  is  sometimes designated “A/H5N1” or “A(H5N1).” It can cause  illness  in humans and many animal species.

3) Jennifer  Gaudioso,  Susan  B.  Rivera,  Susan  Caskey,  and  Reynolds  M. Salerno  (2006).  Laboratory Biosecurity: A  Survey of  the U.S. Bioscience Community. Applied Biosafety, 11(3):138‐143.

Page 31: 5th Annual International Symposium - CLIMVIBclimvib.eu/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/2014_alhmoud.pdf · 2019-06-05 · NISREEN AL‐HMOUD (PhD in Microbiology) e‐mail: nisreen.hmoud@rss.jo

References

4) Lisa M. Astuto‐Gribble, Jennifer M. Gaudioso, Susan A. Caskey, Tamara R. Zemlo  (2009).  A  Survey  of  Bioscience  Research  and  Biosafety  and Biosecurity  Practices  in  Asia,  Eastern  Europe,  Latin  America,  and  the Middle East. Applied Biosafety, 14(4): 181‐196.

5) J.  Craig  Reed  (2012).  Global  Biosafety  and  Biosecurity  Challenges: Options  for  Nations  with  Limited  Resources;  Assessments  of  Needs, Challenges,  and  Resources  (Plenary  Session).  Biosecurity  Challenges  of the Global Expansion of High‐Containment Biological Laboratories.

6) David  R.  Franz  (2014).  Dual‐Use  Dilemma:  Crying  Out  For  Leadership. Saint Louis University School of Law. 

7) United Nations  (2004). A more secure world: Our shared  responsibility; Report of the High‐level Panel on Threats, Challenges and Change.

Page 32: 5th Annual International Symposium - CLIMVIBclimvib.eu/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/2014_alhmoud.pdf · 2019-06-05 · NISREEN AL‐HMOUD (PhD in Microbiology) e‐mail: nisreen.hmoud@rss.jo

Nisreen AL‐Hmoud

Project Director

Center for Excellence in Biosafety, Biosecurity and Biotechnology 

Royal Scientific Society [email protected]


Recommended