NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 1
6-1. Bluetooth Architecture Overview
NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 2
Agenda
• Who is Bluetooth?– History and Background
• What does Bluetooth do for you?– Usage Model
• What is Bluetooth?– Compliance, compatibility
• What does Bluetooth do?– Technical points
• Architectural Overview of Bluetooth
NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 3
Who is Bluetooth?
• Harald Blaatand “Bluetooth” II• King of Denmark 940-981
– Son of Gorm the Old (King of Denmark) and Thyra Danebod (daughter of King Ethelred of England)
• This is one of two Runic stones erected in his capitol city of Jelling (central Jutland)
• The stone’s inscription (“runes”) say: Harald controlled Denmark and No
rway Harald thinks “notebooks” and “cel
lular phones” should seamlessly communicate
NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 4
Bluetooth Background• 1997. - Designed by Ericsson
• 1998.2 - Established the Special interest group (form SIG 1) Ericsson, Nokia, IBM, Toshiba, Intel
• 1998.5 - Bluetooth Consortium is established formally.
• 1999.7 - Bluetooth v1.0beta Core Specification and Foundation Profile
• 1999.12 - Lucent、 3Com、Motorola、Microsoft (form SIG 2) • 2001.2 - Bluetooth v1.1
• 2002 – IEEE 802.15 WPAN
IEEE 802.15.1 Wireless Personal Area Networks (Bluetooth)IEEE 802.15.1 Wireless Personal Area Networks (Bluetooth) IEEE 802.15.2 CoexistenceIEEE 802.15.2 Coexistence IEEE 802.15.3 WPAN Higher RateIEEE 802.15.3 WPAN Higher Rate IEEE 802.15.4 WPAN Low RateIEEE 802.15.4 WPAN Low Rate
NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 5
Bluetooth BackgroundBluetooth SIG代表性成員(按產業別分類)
半導體 電信 電腦與周邊 消費性電子 網路 汽車和其他 Fujitsu Hewlett-Packard Hitachi Semi IBM Intel LSI Logic Mitsubishi Motorola NEC Philsar PrairieComm Philips Samsung Silicon Wave TI Toshiba …Etc.
Alcatel AT&T Wireless British Telecom Daewoo Telecom Ericsson France Telecom Hitachi LG Telecom Motorola Nokia NTT DoKoMo Taiwan Telcom Symbian Sprint PCS Qualcomm
Acer Canon Compaq Dell Computer Gateway 200 Hitachi IBM NCR NEC Palm Ricoh Seiko Epson
Canon Casio Fuji Photo Hitachi LG Electronics Nokia Philips Radio Shack Samsung Sanyo Sharp Sony Toshiba
3Com Broadcom Harris Hitachi Intel Lucent Nortel Networks Siemens AG Xircom
BMW British Airways Federal Express Ford Harris Saab Tektronix Thomson Tokyo Gas Co. Volvo
資料來源:Bluetooth SIG,2000年 1月
NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 6
Personal Ad-hoc NetworksPersonal Ad-hoc Networks
Cable Cable ReplacementReplacement
Landline
Data/Voice Data/Voice Access PointsAccess Points
(internet access)(internet access)
What does Bluetooth do for you? three major applicationsthree major applications
most important in most important in voice applicationsvoice applications
NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 7
Usage Model (Ultimate Headset)
NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 8
Usage Model (Ultimate Headset)
• Keep your hands free for– Car– Office– Road
NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 9
Usage Model (Automatic Synchronizer)
• Background Synchronization– PDA– Cellular Phone– Notebook
NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 10
Usage Model (Three in One Phone)
• Intercom (Walki Talki)• Cordless• Cellular
NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 11
Usage Model (Three in One Phone)
• Office (No telephone charge)• Home (Fixed line charge)• Outdoor (Mobile phone charge)
NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 12
Usage Model (Remote Control &Transmission)
NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 13
Usage Model (Conference Scenario)
• Conference Table– Share and exchange data
NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 14
Usage Model (killer application)
NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 15
Key Characteristics• Low cost
– Market consideration
• Low power consumption– Portable device consideration– Short Range
• Unlicensed Used – ISM band used
• Robust operation– Fast frequency hopping– Short packet length
• Multiple links• Mixed voice and data• Sized 0.5 squire inches
NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 16
Mobile = Battery life• Low power consumption*– Standby current < 0.3 mA
3 months– Voice mode 8-30 mA
75 hours– Data mode average 5 mA
(0.3-30mA, 20 kbit/s, 25%) 120 hours
• Low Power Architecture– Programmable data length (else radio sleeps)– Hold and Park modes 60 µA (rough)
» Devices connected but not participating» Hold retains AMA address, Park releases AMA, gets PM
A address» Device can participate within 2 ms
NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 17
Bluetooth Specifications
(Single chip with RS-232,USB or PC card interface)RF
Baseband
AudioLink ManagerL2CAP
Data
SDP RFCOMMIP
Con
trol
Applications
Bluetooth chip
Firmware
Applications
NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 18
Bluetooth Certifications
RFBaseband
AudioLink ManagerL2CAP
Data
SDP RFCOMMIP
Con
trol
Applications
Basic Layer Certification
Application Framework Certification
HCI: Host Controller Interface
NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 19
Host Control Interface (HCI) (1/3)
Program
Profile Spec
L2CAPAudio HostHCI (Host control Interface)
HCI (Host control Interface)
Baseband
LMPAudio
RF
Bluetooth chip
NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 20
HCI (2/3)
HCI
Bluetooth Host
Bluetooth Module
HCI Transport Firmware
Host Drives and Applications
Bluetooth HCI Transport driver (USB, PC Card, PCI)
Transport Bus
Bluetooth HCI driver
Bluetooth Host Controller
Link Manager
Bluetooth Radio
Bluetooth Baseband
HCI : Host Controller Interface provides a common interface between the bluetooth host and the bluetooth module.
NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 21
HCI (3/3)
– All HCI transactions are framed in packets:– Commands– Event– Data (ACL)– Data (SCO)
NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 22
Bluetooth Products
• Blue-Dongle• Blue-Connect• BluePort• Bluetooth printer• Bluetooth Modem• Etc.,
NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 23
BT Trend (1/2)
• 2 chips solution– RF transceiver– Baseband BB chip
• integrated single chip (BB+RF) solution will be provided
• Chip design house co-work with software design company to provide total solution of bluetooth technology
NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 24
BT Trend (2/2)
2-chip
Single-chip
Cost
Year
BB RF
$30
BB+RF
$10
Host+BB+RF
$4
HeadsetVersion
Full BluetoothPerformance Data Only
Version
2000 2001 2003
Host+RF
?
Single-chipSoft. modem
NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 25
Bluetooth Module• CPU core : ARM, 8051, MIPS, etc.,
HOST
RFTransceiver
NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 26
Bluetooth Module• Software modem is possible nowaday
HOST
NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 27
RF Transceiver
NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 28
Bluetooth Specifications
• 2.4 GHz ISM Unlicensed band• Microwave ovens also use this band• Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum
– Avoid interference– 23/79 channels– 1 MHz per channel– 1 Mbps link rate (GFSK modulation)– Fast frequency hopping and short data packets avoids
interference» Nominally hops at 16001600 times a second (vs. 2.5 hops/sec in IEEE
802.11)» 625us625us per hop (366us366us for data only)» 3200 times a second during inquiry and paging modes
• Multiple uncoordinated networks may exist and cause interference– CVSD (Continuous Variable Slope Delta Modulation) voice
coding (FEC) enables operation at high bit error rates
NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 29
ISM Unlicensed Band
2.4GHz
2.402
Guard band Guard band
2.48 2.483
2.402-2.480 GHz79 hopping channels
ISM unlicensed band
Licensedband
• 79 channels in 2.4GHz (in USA and most Europe)
Licensedband
NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 30
Frequency Range
. . .
1MHz
1 2 3 7983.5 MHz
• 2.4GHz ISM Frequency Range
Country Frequency Range RF Channels Europe* & USA 2400 – 2483.5 MHz f=2402 + k MHz k=0,…,78 Japan 2471 – 2497 MHz f=2473 + k MHz k=0,…,22 Spain 2445 – 2475 MHz f=2449 + k MHz k=0,…,22 France 2446.5 – 2483.5 MHz f=2454 + k MHz k=0,…,22
NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 31
Transmit Power• transmit power and range
0 dbm (up to 20dbm with power control) 10-100 m
PowerClass
Max Output
Min Output
PowerControl
1 100mW(20dBm)
1mW(0dB)
-4db/timeMax twice
2 2.5mW(4dBm)
0.25mW(-6dBm) Optional
3 1mW(0dBm) N/A Optional
Power 1mW (class 3)•3% power of cellular phone•10meters of transmission distance or 100m by PA
Power 100mW(class 1)•100 meters of transmission distance
NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 32
Frequency Hopping
Time
Frequency
0
78
NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 33
FHSS
DataSource
HoppingCode
Generator
+d(t)
DigitalModulator
Frequencysynthesizer
Front-endFilter +
Frequencysynthesizer
DataDetector
d(t)^
Local hoppingcode generator
Receiver
Transmitter
NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 34
Modulation and Symbol Rate
• Symbol Rate : 1M symbols/sec (1MHz)• GFSK (Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying) (Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying)
– Binary One (1) : Positive frequency deviation– Binary Zero (0) : Negative frequency deviation
• Maximum frequency deviation– Between 140kHz and 175kHz
fo fo+ffo-ffrequency
Magnitude
NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 35
Adaptive Frequency Hopping
• When no interference is detected, hop over the entire frequency band
• If interference is detected at a level which cause packet error
– Actively avoid these frequency hop locations.
– This technique is currently legal for Class 3 Bluetooth units.
– Hop locations must be maintained
NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 36
Interference Simulations
– 1 Bluetooth piconet + 1 WLAN unit– PER (Packet Error Rate) without adaptation =11%
– PER with adaptation = 0%
– 5 Bluetooth piconets separated by 5 meters + 1 WLAN unit
– PER without adaptation =15%
– PER with adaptation = 8.4%
NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 37
Radio 2 WG
• Radio 2 WG mandated to be backward compatible and interoperable with Radio 1– 5.8G ISM band– is optional extensions for providing additional
capabilities for applications– Higher data rates:
• Multimedia (streaming audio/video)• High speed image transfer• High speed transfer of large files to (e.g.) printers• Data rate alignment with 2.5/3G cellar networks
– 10M-12Mbps goal
NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 38
MM
S
S S
S
P
sb
sb
P
P
Network Topology• Radio Designation
– Connected radios can be mastermaster or slaveslave
– Radios are symmetric (same radio can be master or slave)
• PiconetPiconet– Master can connect to 7 simultan
eous or 200+ active slaves per piconet
– Each piconet has maximum capacity (1 Msps and 1 Mbps)
» Unique hopping pattern/ID • ScatternetScatternet
– High capacity system» Minimal impact with up to 10 pic
onets within range– Radios can share piconets!
NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 39
Piconet vs. Scatternet• A scatternet contains two piconets
ScatternetPiconet
PiconetMasterSlave
SlaveSlave
Slave
Slave
Master
NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 40
Piconet and Scatternet
point-to-point(piconet)
multi-point(piconet)
scatternetMaster host Slave host
NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 41
Device Addressing (1/2)• Every Bluetooth device has unique 48-bit Bluetooth Device
Address (BD_ADDR(BD_ADDR) which is assigned by SIG• The BD_ADDR is used to control the system functions :
– Hopping sequence– Channel access code– Encryption key
• The BD_ADDR contains 3 parts:– 24-bit Lower Address Part (LAP)
» Used to identify unique BT device (reduce overhead)– 8-bit Upper Address Part (UAP)
» Used to determine the hopping sequence– 16-bit Non-significant Address Part (NAP)
NAP UAP LAP
16 8 24 bits
BD_ADDR
NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 42
Device Addressing (2/2)
• AM_ADDRAM_ADDR (Active Member Address)– Each slave is assigned a 3-bit address– 77 slaves in a piconet is available– 000000 : for broadcasting packets (I.e. master address)
» An exception is FHS (FFrequency HHopping SSynchronization) packet which may use “000” address but is not a broadcast message
– Slaves that are disconnected or parked give up their AM_ADDRs
• PM_ADDRPM_ADDR (Parked Member Address)– Slaves that enter the park mode will obtain a 8-bit PM_ADDR– At most 256 slaves are in park mode in a piconet
NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 43
Clock Synchronization
• CLKNCLKN (Native Clock)(Native Clock)– Exist in each bluetooth device– The counter can not be frozen and adjusted– Clock resolution : 312.5us (half slot time : used for pagin
g/inquiry procedures)– slave follows its master CLKN to hop in a piconet
» Master need inform the slave its CLKN and BD_ADDR» Slave adds offset into its CLKN to synchronize with master
same hopping sequence3, 56, 7, 23, 44, …
MasterBD_ADDR
Slave Native CLK
+
offset
Master clock
BD_ADDR
NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 44
Clock Synchronization
• CLKECLKE (Estimated Clock)(Estimated Clock)– Is used when master pages a known slave device (has
been inquired)– Master uses the slave’s BD_ADDR to estimate the
slave’s CLKN
estimated slave’s hopping sequence3, 56, 7, 23, 44, …
SlaveBD_ADDR
Slave CLKE
+ Slave clock
BD_ADDR
paging
NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 45
A
D
C
B
E
ID b
ID a
ID c
IDd
IDe
The Piconet
• All devices in a piconet hop together– In forming a piconet, master gives slaves its clock and device ID (B
D_ADDR) via FHS packet» Hopping pattern determined by device ID (48-bit)» Phase in hopping pattern determined by Clock
• Non-piconet devices are in standbystandby• Piconet Addressing
– Active Member Address (AMA, 3-bits)– Parked Member Address (PMA, 8-bits)
M
P
S
S
sb
IDa
ID c
IDd
ID a
IDa
IDa
IDe
IDa
P
M Sor
sb
ID b
NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 46
Basic Baseband Protocol
• Spread spectrum frequency hopping radio– Hops every packet
» Packets are 1, 3 or 51, 3 or 5 slots long– Frame consists of two packets
» Transmit followed by receive– Nominally hops at 1600 times a second (1 slot
packets)
O neSlot
Packet
T hree S lot P acket
Fram e
M aster
S lave
625 usO ne S lot
fk fk+1
OneSlot
Packet
Fram e
M aster
S lave
625 usO ne S lo t
fk fk+1
OneSlot
Packet
(1.25 ms)
NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 47
Time Division Duplex (TDD)• Master : even numbered slots• Slave : odd numbered slots• The Slot Number ranges from 0- 227-1.
Access code/Header Payload guard time for hopping
Master
Slave
f(2k) f(2k+1) f(2k+2)
Packet
odd (625s)even (625s) eventimeslot
guardtime
220 s+/-10 s
NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 48
Multi-slot Packets• Different packet overhead will result in different throughput
– DH1 : 172.8Kbps in Sym. and Asyn. modes– DH3 : 390.4Kbps in Sym. mode; 387.2 and 54.4Kbps in Asyn. Mode– DH5 : 433.9Kbps in Sym. mode; 721 and 57.6Kbps in Aysn.
» DH : without FEC
f(2k+2)f(2k) f(2k+1) f(2k+3) f(2k+4)
f(2k+2)f(2k) f(2k+1) f(2k+3) f(2k+4)
f(2k+2)f(2k) f(2k+1) f(2k+3) f(2k+4)
3-slotPacket(DH3)
5-slotPacket(DH5)
1-slotPacket(DH1)
odd (625s)even (625s) odd (625s)even (625s)
NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 49
Connection Procedure (1/3)
• StandbyStandby– Waiting to join a piconet
• InquireInquire– Ask about radios to connect
to• PagePage
– Connect to a specific radio• ConnectedConnected
– Actively on a piconet (master or slave)
• Park/Sniff/HoldPark/Sniff/Hold– Low Power connected state
s
NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 50
Connection Procedure (2/3)
ID packet
FHS packet
FHS packet
ID packet
ID packet
Data packet
ID : GIAC/DIAC
FHS : slave’s BD_ADDR, CLKN, Class of Devise(CoD), Page Scan Interval
ID : DIAC
FHS : master’s BD_ADDR, CLKN, CoD, BCH parity, AMA
NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 51
ID Packet
• Access Code
• During a connection– identifies the packet as being from or to a specific Master
• Other modes– in inquiry to produce the Inquiry Access Code (IAC)
LAP24 bits
BarkerSequence
BCH ParityWord
34bits 24bits 6bits
NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 52
FHS Packet Format
• Used when
1. Master inquiries device during inquiry procedure, return from Slave
2. Master pages a Slave during page procedure, sent from Master
3. A device switches as Master
NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 53
Connection Procedure (3/3)
Inquiry Page
ConnectedAM A
T ransm itdataAM A
T typ ical=0.6s
T typ ica l=2s
HO LDAM A
PAR KPM A
T typ ical=2 m s T typ ical=2 m s
R e le asesA M A
A dd ressLow Power
States
ActiveStates
Standby
ConnectingStates
UnconnectedStandby
NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 54
Page and Inquire Scans
• A radio must be enabled to accept pages or inquires– Consumes 18 slots every 1.25 s (or so) for each scan
slot is 0.625 ms
Inqu ireScan
Page Scan
T typ ica l=1.25S leep
T typ ica l=11 m s18 s lo ts
T typ ica l=11 m s18 slo ts
Standby
Inqu ireScan
Page Scan
T typ ica l=1.25Connected
T typ ica l=11 m s18 slo ts
T typ ica l=11 m s18 s lo ts
Connected
NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 55
Page and Inquire Scans
• Inquiry scan:– 32 channels (of 79 channels) are assigned for inquiry
procedure– 32 channels are divided as 2 trains (Trains A and B), each one
contains 16 channels.• Page scan:
– 32 channels (of 79 channels) are assigned for page procedure– 32 channels are divided as 2 trains (Trains A and B), each one
contains 16 adjacent channels.– Train A : f(k-8), f(k-7), … f(k), f(k+1), … , f(k+7)– Train B : f(k-16), f(k-15), … f(k-9), f(k+8), … , f(k+15)
• 3200 hop/sec• Broadcast ID packet (with specified GIAC or DIAC)
NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 56
Inquiring for Radios
• Radio wants to find other radios in the area
A
D
C
BIDb
IDa
ID c
IDd
NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 57
Inquiring for Radios
• Radio Wants to find other radios in the area– Radio A issues an Inquire (pages with the Inquire ID)
» Radios B, C and D are doing an Inquire Scan
A
D
C
BID b
ID a
ID c
IDd
InquireIN Q
IN Q IN Q
NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 58
Inquiring for Radios
• Radio Wants to find other radios in the area– Radio A issues an Inquire (pages with the Inquire ID)
» Radios B, C and D are doing a Inquire Scan– Radio B recognizes Inquire and responds with an FHS
packet» Has slave’s Device ID and Clock
A
D
C
BIDb
ID a
ID c
IDd
ID b
NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 59
Inquiring for Radios
• Radio Wants to find other radios in the area– Radio A issues an Inquire (pages with the Inquire ID)
» Radios B, C and D are doing a Inquire Scan – Radio B recognizes Inquire and responds with an FHS
packet» Has slave’s Device ID and Clock
A
D
C
BID b
IDa
ID c
ID d
Inquire
IDb
IN Q
IN Q IN Q
NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 60
Inquiring for Radios
• Radio Wants to find other radios in the area– Radio A Issues an Inquire (again) – Radios C and D respond with FHS packets
» As radios C & D respond simultaneously packets are corrupted and Radio A won’t respond
» Each radio waits a random number of slots and listens
ID b
IDa
IDc
IDdID b
ID c
IDd
A
D
C
B
NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 61
Inquiring for Radios
• Radio Wants to find other radios in the area– Radio A Issues an Inquire (again)
A
D
C
BID b
IDa
IDc
IDd
Inquire
ID b
IN Q
IN Q IN Q
NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 62
Inquiring for Radios
• Radio Wants to find other radios in the area– Radio A Issues an Inquire (again) – Radios C respond with FHS packets
IDb
ID a
ID c
ID dID b
ID c
A
D
C
B
NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 63
Inquiring for Radios
• Radio Wants to find other radios in the area– Radio A Issues an Inquire (again)
A
D
C
BIDb
ID a
ID c
ID d
IN Q
ID b
ID c
IN Q IN QInquire
NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 64
Inquiring for Radios
• Radio Wants to find other radios in the area– Radio A Issues an Inquire (again) – Radios D respond with FHS packets
IDb
ID a
ID c
IDd
ID d
A
D
C
B
IDb
IDc
NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 65
Inquiring for Radios
• Radio Wants to find other radios in the area– Radio A Issues an Inquire (again) – Radios D respond with FHS packets– Radio A now has information of all radios within range
IDb
ID a
ID c
IDd
A
D
C
B
IDb
IDc
ID d
NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 66
Inquiry Procedure
• Inquiry has unique device address (all BT radio use)– ID packet with dedicated or general access code– Unique set of “Inquiry” hop frequencies
• Any device can inquire by paging the Inquiry address• Correlater hit causes slave to respond with FHS packet
– Device ID– Clock– Etc.
ID a
ID b
625 s
INQ IN Q
fk+1fk
fk+1
ID b
FHS
fk+1fk
INQ
fk+4
INQUIRER
STANDBY
NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 67
Inquiry Procedure
• 3232 channels are allocated as inquiry procedure– They are divided as two trains : A Train and B Train (16 channels for each)
• Multiple slaves are expected to respond– Correlater hit causes slave to
» respond with FHS packet» Wait a random number of slots» Wait for another Inquiry page and repeat
• Master should end up with a list of slave FHS packets in area
train A A A A B
10 ms
INQUIRER
STANDBY
Listen 11.25 ms (18 slots)
AFHS
scan fksleep RAND2
fk+1
1.25ms
fk
A
fk+1
FHS
fk+2sleep RAND1
A A A
A A A A
2 slots
1 2 3 15 16
Fully scan Train A:16*0.625ms=10ms (1) Train A will be scanned 256 times: 2.56s (2) Train B will be scanned 256 times: 2.56sRepeat scan Trains A and B two complete cycles:2*(2.56+2.56)=10.24s
16 slots = 10ms
repeat 256 times
NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 68
Inquire Summary
• Inquiring radio Issues inquiry packet with Inquire ID (GIAC or DIAC access code)
• Any radio doing an Inquire scan will respond with an FHS packet– FHS packet gives Inquiring radio information to page
» Device ID» Clock
– If there is a collision then radios wait a random number of slots before responding to the page inquire
• After process is done, Inquiring radio has Device IDs and Clocks of all radios in range
• Slave listens one of 16 channels for sufficient time (e.g., 18 slots=11.25ms)
ID a
NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 69
Master Paging a Slave
• Paging assumes master has slaves Device ID and an idea of its Clock
A
C
IDa
IDc
IDc
NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 70
Master Paging a Slave
• Paging assumes master has slaves Device ID and an idea of its Clock
– A pages C with C’s Device ID and CLKE
A
C
IDa
IDc
IDc
ID c
Page
NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 71
Master Paging a Slave
• Paging assumes master has slaves Device ID and an idea of its Clock– A pages C with C’s Device ID (DAC)– C Replies to A with C’s Device ID
A
C
IDa
IDc
IDc
ID c
NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 72
Master Paging a Slave
• Paging assumes master has slaves Device ID and an idea of its Clock– A pages C with C’s Device ID– C Replies to A with C’s Device ID– A sends C its Device ID and Clock (FHS packet)
A
C
IDa
IDc
IDc
ID a
NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 73
Master Paging a Slave
• Paging assumes master has slaves Device ID and an idea of its Clock– A pages C with C’s Device ID– C Replies to A with C’s Device ID– A sends C its Device ID and Clock (FHS packet)– A connects as a master to C
A
C
IDa
IDc
IDc
IDa
NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 74
Master Paging a slave
• Master pages slave (packet has slave ID) at slave page frequency (1 of 32)– Master sends page train of 16 most likely frequencies in slave hop set
» Slave ID sent twice a transmit slot on slave page frequencySlave ID sent twice a transmit slot on slave page frequency» Master listens twice at receive slot for a responseMaster listens twice at receive slot for a response
– If misses, master sends second train on remaining 16 frequencies• Slave listens for 11.25 ms (page scan)
– If correlater triggers, slave wakes-up and relays packet at response frequency– Master responds with FHS packet (provides master’s Device ID and Clock)– Slave joins piconet
625 s
fmfk+2
Master
Slave
fk+1fk
fk+1
ID c ID c
fk+1fk
ID c ID c
FHS
fk+2
ID aID a
ID c
NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 75
Paging Procedure
• Each slave page scans on unique sequence of 32 channels fk
– Master pages 16 most likely channels for entire sleep period (nominally 1.251.25 seconds)
• If clocks are off, then second train sent on last 16 frequencies for entire sleep period
train A A A A B B
10 ms
Pager
Paged
11.25 ms
B B
FHS
scan fkSleep (1.25 s)
CONNECTION
fk+1
1.25ms
NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 76
Physical Link Definition
• circuit switching• symmetric, synchronous services• slot reservation at fixed intervals• For voice transmission• Point-to-point connection• No packet retransmission
• packet switching• (a)symmetric, asynchronous services• polling access scheme• For data transmission (ex:program)• Point-to-multipoint connection• Packet retransmission
• SYNCHRONOUS CONNECTION-SYNCHRONOUS CONNECTION- ORIENTED (SCO) LINKORIENTED (SCO) LINK
• ASYNCHRONOUS CONNECTION-ASYNCHRONOUS CONNECTION- LESS (ACL) LINKLESS (ACL) LINK
NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 77
Physical Link
HV3 : 6 slots gap
NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 78
Packet Types/Data Rates
0000000100100011
NULLPOLLFHSDM1
NULLPOLLFHSDM1
1
0100010101100111
HV1HV2HV3
DH1
2DV1000
1001101010111100
DM3DH33
110111101111
DM5DH54
TYPESEGMENT ACL link
SCO link
AUX1
DM1
DH1
DM3
DH3
DM5
DH5
108.8
172.8
258.1
390.4
286.7
432.6
108.8
172.8
387.2
585.6
477.8
721.0
108.8
172.8
54.4
86.4
36.3
57.6
TYPE symmetric asymmetricData Rates (Kbps)
Packet Types
NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 79
Bluetooth Protocols
Still ImageWAE
WAP
vCard/vCal
OBEX PrintingAudio
HID TCP/UDP RFCOMM
Service Discovery IP TCS
L2CAP
Host Controller Interface
NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 80
THANK YOU
Q&A