6 April 2005Aussois, France BURLE INDUSTRIES Next Generation Large Area Low Cost PMT UNO...

6 April 2005 Aussois, France

BURLE INDUSTRIESNext Generation Large Area

Low Cost PMT

UNO Collaboration

Robert Caracciolo and Richard Leclercq

6 April 2005BURLE INDUSTRIESBURLE INDUSTRIES


BURLE INDUSTRIES Overview

BURLE INDUSTRIES, INC.Conversion TubesPower TubesReal Estate

BURLE ELECTRO-OPTICS, INC.BURLE INDUSTRIES GmbHBURLE INDUSTRIES UK LIMITEDBURLE deMexico


Core Competencies

Conversion Tubes, Lancaster PA Conventional PMT design

and fabrication Photocathode processing Image tube design and

fabrication PMT Modules

Integrated VDN, HVPS, signal processing electronics

Power Tubes, Lancaster PA Design and fabrication of

vacuum tubes for power generation and switching

Plating and environmental testing

Ceramic-to-Metal joining techniques

BEO, Sturbridge MA Microchannel plates Channel multipliers Fiber optics


PMT Markets

Medical Imaging Maintain ~ 30% market share and growing Provide high-volume tubes for both SPECT and PET

Have presence in general spectroscopy, scintillation counting, and HEP

Targeting the HEP market more aggressively Development of the PLANACON family Cost competitive fast timing PMTs such as the 8575B. SBIR grant to develop large area PMT


Large Area PMT Program

Actively working on Phase II objectives of a DOE SBIR to develop a 20” diameter PMT with cost < $0.75/cm2 of active area, including VDN and cabling

Will also develop 2”, 5”, and 8” variants Want to establish close ties with researchers

associated with proton-decay and neutrino experiments to aid in development

Represents a BURLE commitment to becoming a major player in the HEP market


Phase I Objectives

1) Define the required PMT performance specifications for future proton-decay and neutrino experiments.

2) Review potential PMT bulb designs that are cost-effective in high volume production while being consistent with the requirements in 1 above.

3) Review the various electron multiplier configurations available relative to cost and performance.

4) Consider methods of integrating the components of 2 and 3 to establish a PMT with the proper performance requirements and yet is cost effective for production.

5) Consider cost-effective manufacturing techniques for the PMT designs identified in 4 above.

6) Plan for the capital requirements for manufacturing PMTs as identified in 5 above for delivery times of 5 years and 8 years with quantity of 60,000 20” PMT equivalent.


RequirementsParameter Value Units Comments

Spectral Response 300 - 650 nm Response < 300nm not very useful due to attenuation length in water

Cathode QE at 390nm 20 % Desire as high as possible

Collection Efficiency 70 % Desire as high as possible

Gain 1 x 107

Dark Counts 25 kcps Desire 3 – 4 kHz at 30C

Transit Time Spread (FWHM) 5.5 ns Desire 3 ns

Photocathode area, head-on ~2000 cm2 Sized to give lowest cost per unit area

High Voltage +2000 V Could be higher

Pressure 9 atm Total outside – inside pressure difference. Could use acrylic pressure vessel if needed.

Packaging VDN + HV and signal cables, hermetically sealed

Chemical resistance Pure H2O


Multiplier Design

Table 2. Electron Multiplier Properties

Parameter Discrete Multiplier MCP HAPD

Gain 107 107 (Z-stack or Chevron with discrete 1st dynode)

105 – 107

Single electron resolution

Good Very Good Excellent

Collection efficiency Very good Good (Very good if using discrete 1st dynode)

Very Good

Operational voltage +2000V +4000V -10,000V

Cost Low Moderate Moderate


Photocathode Design

Requirements for highest possible QE and lowest possible dark counts are in conflict.

Trade-study will be performed and initial PMT builds will be designed to optimize these parameters. Dark counts of 3kcps are possible, but QE will probably be limited to 20% max.

Electron multiplier design will influence the dark counts, and will be considered in that design


Phase II Activities

Teamed with the Glass Technology Industry to develop the bulb, tooling, and manufacturing approach.

Establish a shape yielding good electron optics and mechanical integrity

Electron optics studies to establish novel focusing methods Design, tool, and fabricate the electron multiplier. Modify existing exhaust equipment to manufacture prototype

PMTs. Manufacture and test prototype PMTs. Perform environmental tests on prototype PMTs including pressure,

shock/vibration, and temperature. Adapt existing process equipment for low-cost manufacturing.


Bulb Designs

Mushroom Shape Good for electron optics Large neck area allows for

focusing electrode Manufacturing approach

does not yield consistent results leading to lower mechanical reliability

Design is not conducive to modern glass manufacturing technology


Bulb Designs

Simple shape, easy to blow

Good for electron optics if mount is elevated to middle of bulb

Excellent mechanical strength

Larger volume than is necessary

Small neck implies simpler sealing techniques


Bulb Designs

Possible methods to make this shape highly automated

Good for electron optics except for edge TTS

Good mechanical strength Mount is lower in bulb Good use of volume Small neck implies

simpler sealing techniques


System Design

-5.000E-01 2.150E+01Z 3.800E-05

1.050E+01

R

Orbit file: Neu10c.TOUTotal orbits: 13Plotted range NOrbMin: 1 NOrbMax: 13Plot mode: ZRMagnification: OFFOrbit range XMin: -6.061E-01 XMax: 9.580E+00 YMin: 0.000E+00 YMax: 0.000E+00 ZMin: 2.000E-02 ZMax: 1.132E+01 RMin: 3.420E-07 RMax: 9.580E+00

Field file: Neu10.EOUPlot type: ContourQuantity: Phi

Minimum value: 0.000E+00Maximum value: 1.999E+03

1.499E+02 2.999E+02 4.498E+02 5.998E+02 7.497E+02 8.996E+02 1.050E+03 1.200E+03 1.349E+03 1.499E+03 1.649E+03 1.799E+03


System Design

-5.258E-01 1.846E+01Z 0.000E+00

1.057E+01

R

Orbit file: Neu06c.TOUTotal orbits: 11Plotted range NOrbMin: 1 NOrbMax: 11Plot mode: ZRMagnification: OFFOrbit range XMin: -2.961E-01 XMax: 8.894E+00 YMin: 0.000E+00 YMax: 0.000E+00 ZMin: 0.000E+00 ZMax: 1.142E+01 RMin: 9.801E-04 RMax: 8.894E+00

Field file: Neu06.EOUPlot type: ContourQuantity: Phi

Minimum value: 0.000E+00Maximum value: 1.999E+03

1.499E+02 2.999E+02 4.498E+02 5.998E+02 7.497E+02 8.996E+02 1.050E+03 1.200E+03 1.349E+03 1.499E+03 1.649E+03 1.799E+03


Ideal Front End Optics

Truncated bulb Uniform E-

field in front of cathode

Small neck TTD ~ 1.5 ns


Electron Optics Optimization

Different Vectors for Simulations 2 INCH 5 INCH 8 INCH 20 INCH

Build prototypes and test


2 INCH 3D-MODEL


Coincidence Resolving Time Test PMT LSO 4*4*20 mm ¾” PMT

Na22CFD

StartStop

Delay

TPHCCFD

MCA1


8575B 2 Inch Prototype

TTD(ns)

FWHM(ns)

-0.21

0.25 0.00 0.05

0.12

0.80

0.91 0.71 0.84

0.97

0.99

0.92 0.82 0.97

0.94

0.12

0.38 0.00 0.49

0.80


2 INCH Anode Uniformity


General Milestones

5 Inch PMT 2nd Quarter 05

. Compare with 8854

. Sample to Stony Brook

. Pressure Test 8 Inch PMT 2nd Quarter 0620 Inch PMT 4th Quarter 06


Summary

Interfacing with glass and bulb manufacturers to optimize cost-effective bulb design.

FEA and environmental testing to validate mechanical integrity of bulb.

Employing 2-D and 3-D electron optics models. Cathode to Dy1 fields Dy1 to the electron multiplier fields

Design and implement novel focusing elements. Required for a bulb with a small neck.

Validated our design concepts on the 2” PMT. Will continue with the 5”, 8”, and 20” PMT’s.

Reviewing different photocathode processes and or design to optimize balance of QE and Dark counts.

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