6. Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)

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(ECOSOC)

6. The Economic and SocialCouncil


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6. The Economic and SocialCouncil


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Facilitating international cooperation on standards-making and problem-solving in economic and socialissues

FROM GLOBAL COMMITMENT TO NATIONALIMPLEMENTATION

Mandate


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Picture of the first session of the ECOSOC at ChurchHouse in London, 23 January 1946. This picture shows

Mr. Gladwyn Jebb (right), Executive Secretary of theUnited Nations, congratulating Sir Ramaswami Mudaliarof India upon his election as first President of ECOSOC.


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This is the most complex of the UN system,covering the broadest areas of activity, themajority of expenditures, and greatest number ofprogrammes. Various specialized agencies like

ILO, WHO, and FAO, the World Bank and the IMFplay primary roles in operational activitiesdevoted to economic and social advancement.ECOSOC is responsible for coordinating those

activities. ECOSOC further undertakes researchand prepares reports on economic and social

Description


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ECOSOC was established under theUnited Nations Charter as the principal organ tocoordinate economic, social, and related work of the 14UN specialized agencies, functional commissions and

five regional commissions. The Council also receivesreports from 11 UN funds andprogrammes.

Activities
http://www.un.org/aboutun/charter/index.htmlhttp://www.un.org/en/ecosoc/about/subsidiary.shtmlhttp://www.un.org/en/ecosoc/about/subsidiary.shtmlhttp://www.un.org/en/ecosoc/about/subsidiary.shtmlhttp://www.un.org/en/ecosoc/about/subsidiary.shtmlhttp://www.un.org/aboutun/charter/index.html


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ECOSOC serves as the central forum for discussinginternational economic and social issues, and forformulating policy recommendations addressed toMember States and the United Nations system.

freedoms.

Activities


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It is responsible for:1. promoting higher standards of living, full

employment, and economic and social progress;2. identifying solutions to international economic,

social and health problems;3. facilitating international cultural and educational

cooperation; and4. encouraging universal respect for human rights and

fundamental

Activities


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A woman waits for food rations at a feeding center inLolkuta, near Wajir, on July 21, 2011. The UN's WorldProgramme Programme was preparing on July 26, 2011to airlift food aid into the Somali capital Mogadishu, but

efforts were hampered by last minute paperwork inKenya. An estimated 3.7 million people in Somalia --around a third of the population -- are on the brink ofstarvation and millions more in Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenyaand Uganda have been struck by the worst drought inthe region in 60 years. (Simon Maina/AFP/Getty Images)

Activities


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Education


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Science


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Healthcare


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Environment


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Industry


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Money


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1 Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)2 International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)3 International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)4 International Labour Organization (ILO)

5 International Maritime Organization (IMO)6 International Monetary Fund (IMF)

UN AGENCIES
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_specialized_agencies_of_the_United_Nationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_specialized_agencies_of_the_United_Nationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_specialized_agencies_of_the_United_Nationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_specialized_agencies_of_the_United_Nationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_specialized_agencies_of_the_United_Nationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_specialized_agencies_of_the_United_Nationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_specialized_agencies_of_the_United_Nationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_specialized_agencies_of_the_United_Nationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_specialized_agencies_of_the_United_Nationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_specialized_agencies_of_the_United_Nationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_specialized_agencies_of_the_United_Nationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_specialized_agencies_of_the_United_Nationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_specialized_agencies_of_the_United_Nations


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7 International Telecommunication Union (ITU)8 United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organ9 United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNI

10 Universal Postal Union (UPU)11 World Bank Group11.1 International Bank for Reconstruction and Developme

UN AGENCIES
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_specialized_agencies_of_the_United_Nationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_specialized_agencies_of_the_United_Nationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_specialized_agencies_of_the_United_Nationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_specialized_agencies_of_the_United_Nationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_specialized_agencies_of_the_United_Nationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_specialized_agencies_of_the_United_Nationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_specialized_agencies_of_the_United_Nationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_specialized_agencies_of_the_United_Nationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_specialized_agencies_of_the_United_Nationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_specialized_agencies_of_the_United_Nationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_specialized_agencies_of_the_United_Nationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_specialized_agencies_of_the_United_Nationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_specialized_agencies_of_the_United_Nations


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11.2 International Finance Corporation (IFC)11.3 International Development Association (IDA)12 World Health Organization (WHO)13 World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)

14 World Meteorological Organization (WMO)15 World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)16 Former specialized agencies

UN AGENCIES
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_specialized_agencies_of_the_United_Nationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_specialized_agencies_of_the_United_Nationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_specialized_agencies_of_the_United_Nationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_specialized_agencies_of_the_United_Nationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_specialized_agencies_of_the_United_Nationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_specialized_agencies_of_the_United_Nationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_specialized_agencies_of_the_United_Nationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_specialized_agencies_of_the_United_Nationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_specialized_agencies_of_the_United_Nationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_specialized_agencies_of_the_United_Nationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_specialized_agencies_of_the_United_Nationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_specialized_agencies_of_the_United_Nationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_specialized_agencies_of_the_United_Nationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_specialized_agencies_of_the_United_Nationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_specialized_agencies_of_the_United_Nations


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17 Related and comparable organizations17.1 International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)17.2 World Trade Organization (WTO)17.3 Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons

17.4 CTBTO Preparatory Commission

UN AGENCIES
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_specialized_agencies_of_the_United_Nationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_specialized_agencies_of_the_United_Nationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_specialized_agencies_of_the_United_Nationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_specialized_agencies_of_the_United_Nationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_specialized_agencies_of_the_United_Nationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_specialized_agencies_of_the_United_Nationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_specialized_agencies_of_the_United_Nationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_specialized_agencies_of_the_United_Nationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_specialized_agencies_of_the_United_Nationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_specialized_agencies_of_the_United_Nationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_specialized_agencies_of_the_United_Nations


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ECOSOC issues recommendation on specializedagencies, receives reports from them but has nocontrol over their budget or their secretariats.Recommendations and multilateral conventions

drafted by ECOSOC require General Assemblyapproval (and, in case of conventions, ratificationby member states). The steady expansion of UNeconomic and social activities has left ECOSOCwith an unmanageable task one that has led topersistent, but largely unsuccessful calls for UN

What does it do?


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ECOSOC members are elected by the General Assemblyfor a three year terms based on nominations by regionalblocks. States with ability to pay for social programmesare continuously represented. Four of the five

permanent members of the Security Council (all exceptChina) and major developed nations have beencontinuously elected.

Membership


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The UN Development Programme (UNDP), UN Fund forPopulation Activities (UNFPA), UN Childrens Fund, andWorld Food Programme report, both, to the GeneralAssembly and ECOSOC, adding to the complexity.

Complexity


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Agenda includes such diverse topics as housing,narcotics, drug control, water resources, desertification,population, trade, rights of children, industrialdevelopment, literacy, refugees, science and

technology, the status of women, the problems of thedisabled, the environment and rights of indigenouspeoples. Human rights and development form the twolargest areas.

Agenda


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1. Technical assistance2. Infrastructure development3. Disbursing funds to member countries4. Training people

5. Introducing new technologies (through UNDP)

Field Activities


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Social development, Human RightsNarcotic Drugs

The Status of womenScience and Technology for Development

Sustainable development, Population and DevelopmentCrime prevention and criminal JusticeStatistics, and Forests

Functional Commissions


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(designed to stimulate regional approaches todevelopment with regional studies and initiatives):1. Economic Commission for Europe2. Economic Commission for Latin America

3. Economic Commission for Asia and the Pacific4. Economic Commission for Africa5. Economic Commission for Western Asia

Regional commissions


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1. Some of the specialized agencies such as ILO areolder than ECOSOC.While ILO serves as a model for relationship ofspecialized agencies with ECOSOC, Bretton-Woods

institutions (the World Bank and the IMF) have aweighted voting. See:http://www.globaleconomicgovernance.org/wp-content/upl2. The specializes agencies are geographicallydispersed in Geneva, Rome, Paris, Montreal,Washington, London and Berne. The dispersal effects

Problems
http://www.globaleconomicgovernance.org/wp-content/uploads/UN%20Woods%20Final.pdfhttp://www.globaleconomicgovernance.org/wp-content/uploads/UN%20Woods%20Final.pdf


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3. Despite their links with ECOSOC, the specializedagencies operate quite independently.

4. The Director-Generals of the agencies have the same

diplomatic rank as the UNs secretary General. Theyhave often perceived themselves as operating their ownfiefdoms.

Problems


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5. Objectives of specialized agencies differ yet at timesthey carry out similar activities. For instance, ILOactivities include employment promotion, vocationalguidance, social security, safety and health, labour laws

and relations, and rural institutions. These overlapFAOs concern with land reform, UNESCOs mandate ineducation, WHOs focus on health standards, and UnitedNations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)sconcern with manpower in small industries. The result isconstant coordination problems.

Problems


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6. National governments have their own problems e.g.capacity to absorb new technology, corrupt regimes,inefficient ministries.

Problems


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Palestine: Two State Theory

Assignment 1 Pager


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1.2.3.4.

5.6.

Seminar 3 Pager

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6. Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)

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