10. Sowing of seeds by hand at random is called(a) tilling (b) threshing(c) broadcasting (d) transplanting
Ans. (c)11. Which of the following is a weedicide?
(a) CAN (b) 2, 4-D (c) BHC (d) MalathionAns. (b)
12. Removal of crop after maturity is called(a) harvesting (b) threshing (c) winnowing (d) none
Ans. (a)13. Which of the following is used for harvesting the crop?
(a) Drill (b) Plough (c) Combine (d) All the aboveAns. (c)
14. Sonalika and Kalyan Sona are high-yielding varieties of(a) wheat (b) mustard (c) rice (d) groundnut
Ans. (a)15. Peas and grams are generally grown as rotation crops because
(a) they do not require cultivation(b) the process of growing is very easy(c) they grow on their own.(d) they maintain soil fertility by converting soil nitrogen into
39. Aspergillosis is a disease found in birds caused by a(a) bacterium (b) fungus (c) virus (d) alga
Ans. (b)40. A place containing a number of beehives in which bees are kept
and bred is called a/an(a) hatching (b) apiary (c) apiculture (d) apiarist
Ans. (b)II. Fill in the blanks.
1. Plants which are rich in proteins are .................. .2. Vegetables are rich in .................. and .................. .3. Quinine is obtained from .................. .4. Cotton is a .................. yielding plant.5. Fruits are a rich source of .................. and .................. .6. Cotton fibre is rich in .................. .7. The plant used for treating dysentery is called .................. .8. Vasaka is used for treating .................. .9. Sewage water can be treated by using .................. .
10. The implement used to turn over and break up the soil is called.................. .
11. The removal of unwanted plants from the field is called.................. .
12. The process of separating the grain from the chaff is called.................. .
13. The sowing of seeds by hand at random is called .................. .
14. The method of growing crops on rotation basis in a field iscalled .................. .
15. The fruit of cotton plant is called .................. .16. Rubber plant produces a viscous fluid called .................. .17. Linen is obtained from .................. .18. .................. type of irrigation is used where soil cannot retain
water for a long time.19. .................. is a phosphatic fertiliser.20. .................. are chemicals that are used to kill weeds.21. .................. is one of the best breeds of cow.22. Fish is an important source of .................. .23. Eggs are laid by the .................. honey bee.24. .................. is a wool-yielding animal.25. The production and management of fish is called ................. .26. During storage of grains, .................. causes degradation of
stored food materials.27. Any organism which damages or destroys a crop plant is called
.................. .28. The use of .................. is one of the effective methods of
controlling insect pests and crop diseases.29. Chemicals used to kill rodents are called .................. .30. The host tree of the silkworm is .................. .
III. Which of the following statements are true (T) and which onesare false (F)? Mark T or F:1. Teak is a timber plant.2. Sunflower is a cereal plant.3. Lagumes are rich in proteins.4. Sugar is chiefly obtained from sweet potato.5. Soil fertility is increased by growing legume plants.6. Catla is a sea water fish.7. Poultry products are rich sources of vitamins.8. White part present in egg is called albumen.9. Black minorca is a good breed of cow.
10. Cereals are a rich source of carbohydrates.11. Sunflower is a good source of oil.12. Excessive water is harmful for crops.13. Transfer of pollen grains from flower to flower is called
tranplantation.14. Sowing is the placing of seeds in the soil after its preparation.15. Tea leaves contain proteins.
Ans. 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. T 6. F 7. F 8. T 9. F 10. T 11. T12. T 13. F 14. T 15. F.
V. A. Match the items in column A with those in column B:Column A Column B
B. Match the items of column I with the items of column II:Column I Column II
1. Insecticide (a) Super phosphate2. Rice (b) Algae3. Potato (c) DDT4. Mixed fertilizer (d) Kufri red5. Separation of grain from chaff (e) IR-86. Morels (f) Winnowing7. Agar-agar (g) Fungi
Ans. 1. (c) 2. (e) 3. (d) 4. (a) 5. (f) 6. (g) 7. (b).C. Match the items of column I with the items in column II:
Column I Column II1. Sericulture (a) Feshwater edible fish2. Apiculture (b) Rearing of honey bees3. Rohu (c) Marine water fish4. Poultry (d) Rearing of silk worms5. Hilisa (e) Keeping and breeding of cock and hen.
Ans. 1. (d) 2. (b) 3. (a) 4. (e) 5. (c).VI. Find the odd one out, giving reasons:
1. Wheat, rice, cotton, barleyAns. (Cotton) Reason: Cotton is a fibre-yielding plant while wheat,
rice and barley are cereal-yielding plants.2. Cotton, jute, tea, coconut
Ans. (Tea) Reason: Cotton, jute and coconut are fibre-yieldingplants while tea is used as mild beverage.
3. Cow, goat, sheep, horseAns. (Horse) Reason: Horse is domesticated only for transport
purpose while cow, goat and sheep are domesticated for wool,meat and hide.
4. Ivory, pearl, silk, dyesAns. (Dyes) Reason: Dyes are of plant origin while, ivory, pearl and
2. Name any two plant diseases caused by bacteria.Ans. Bacterial wilt of tomato and Bacterial canker in tomato are two
plant diseases caused by bacteria.3. Name the category of organisms which can be studied only
under the microscope.Ans. Microorganisms can be studied only under the microscope.
XV. Answers the following questions:1. How can the useful plant be categorised?
Ans. Life is impossible on earth without plants because they have theability to syntesize their food with the help of sunlight. In thisprocess, they also produce oxygen. Oxygen and food both areused by other living organisms for sustaining themselves.Plants can be grouped into the following categories on the basisof their used and the products provided by them.
(i) Food plants: Used as a food by living organisms e.g.cereals, fruit, vegetables, pulses, etc.
(ii) Fibre plants: These plants provide fibres of daily uses.e.g cotton, jute, coir, etc.
(iii) Timber plants: These are timber-providing plants e.g.deodar, bamboo, teck, sal, etc.
(v) Medicinal plants: Some plants have medicinal property,so they are used as medicines in medical science e.g.cinchona, neem, isabgul, datura, etc.
(vi) Ornamental plants: These plants are used only fordecorative purposes. e.g. cacti, roses, orchids, crotons,etc.Rubber-yielding plants, dye-yielding plants, gum and resin-yielding plants are also some useful types of plants.
2. Give the source of coir?Ans. Coir is obtained from the surface of fruit of coconut plant.
3. Write in brief about the importance of microbes?Ans. Microorganisms include bacteria, algae, fungi, protozoans and
viruses. The usefulness of microorganisms are as follows:(i) Increase soil fertility: Bacteria decompose dead plants
and animals remains to form humus of the soil. certainmicrobes are present in the root nodules of legumes whichhelp in fixing free nitrogen into soluble nitrates which areuseful fertilizers. Some green algae are also used asfertilizers.
(ii) In industries: Microbes are used in the preparation offood, medicines and beverages.1. Curd and acids—Curd is produced by bacteria
Lactobacillus and acetic acid by bacteria Acetobacter.2. Medicines—Antibiotics such as penicillin,
streptomycin, aureomycin are manufactured by fungi.3. Beverages—Yeast is used to make alcoholic drinks
such as beer, wine. In bakery, it is used to raise thedough for making bread.
4. Retting—Bacteria helps in Separation of fibres fromstem e.g. hemp, flax.
(iii) Sewage disposal: Bacteria help in biological degradationof organic matter. Biogas are being produced from animalexcreta by bacterial activities used for cooking.
(iv) As food: Algae and fungi are used as food. They are goodsources of nutrients.
(v) In laboratory: An important product called agar-agar isobtained from red algae. This product is used in laboratoryfor various experiment. Some bacteria are used in theexperiment by the scientists to solve the problems ofgenetics.
4. What is honey?Ans. Honey is produced by the honey bees from the nectar of
flowers. It is a mixture of water, sugar and enzymes. Honey hasmedicinal value, so used in ayurvedic medicines.
5. Name the animals which provide silk?Ans. Silkworm is a useful insect which gives us silk.
6. Give the sources of ivory, pearls and lac.Ans. Ivory are obtained from elephant teeth.
Pearls are obtained from oyster shells.Lac are obtained from lac insects.
7. Give the list of useful products obtained from animals.Ans. 1. Milk: Obtained from milch animals such as cow, buffalo,
goat, sheep.2. Flesh: Goat, cow, pig, fowl are flesh-yielding animals.3. Fibres: Some animals are domesticated for fibres e.g.,
sheep, goat, silkworm.4. Hide: Some animals are hide-yielding animals e.g., sheep,
goat.5. Egg: Chicken, duck, turkey are egg-laying birds.6. Honey: Honey bees are used to collect honey.7. Some other products such as ivory, pearls and lac are
obtained from elephant, oyster shell and lac insects.
8. Give five examples each of crop plants and horticulture plants.Ans. • Wheat, maize, pea, groundnut and rice are crop plants.
• Potato, tomato, apple, banana and rose are horticultureplants.
9. What are the two main crop seasons? Give three examples ofcrops grown during each season.
Ans. There are two main seasons for cultivating crops in India — theRabi and the Kharif seasons. The Rabi season crops or winterReason crops include wheat, barley, potato, gram, etc. TheKharif season crops or summer season crops include rice,maize, cotton, Pulses, etc.
10. How the crops classified on the basis of life period?Ans. On the basis of life period, crops are classified in the following
ways:(i) Annual. These crops complete their life cycle during the
same season e.g., wheat, maize, rice, etc.(ii) Biennial. These crops complete their life cycle in two
years. In the first year, plants bear vegetative parts and inthe second year, they bear flower, fruit and seeds. Forexample turnip, carrot, radish.
(iii) Perennial. These crops complete their life cycle in morethan two years. They bear flowers and seeds every yeare.g., mango, guava, palm, etc.
11. Name the different agricultural tasks.Ans. In order to find a good yield of crop, a farmer performs
different agricultural tasks. Such tasks which are used toproduce good yield of crops are called agricultural practices.These tasks are as follows:
1. Preparation of soil: Soil is prepared by different activitiessuch as ploughing, levelling and manuring.
2. Sowing: When soil preparation is over then seeds of cropcan be sown in it. There are three methods to sowing the
seeds in the soil: (i) Broadcasting (ii) Seed drilling(iii) Transplantation
3. Manuring: Manures improve the fertility of soil and makeit fit for cultivation.
4. Irrigation: It is necessary to provide water for thegermination of seeds.
5. Weeding: Weeding are done with the help of trowel orharrow. These are also destroyed by using weedicides like2, 4-D.
6. Crop protection: Crop is protected by small animals suchas insects, mites, rats, etc. to control these animals, we usepesticides and insecticides. e.g., BHC, Gammaxene,malathion, zinc phosphate, etc.
7. Harvesting, threshing and winnowing: The cutting andgathering of crop is called harvesting. Harvested crops arethreshed and then winnowed.
8. Storage: Finally food grains are stored in containers calledgranaries, made of metals.
12. How does ploughing help the farmer?Ans. Ploughing of a field is done with the help of plough. It is done
to make soil loose and well-aerated for the roots to penetrateand get proper air for breathing and anchorage, helps in mixingof manure and prevents the growth of microorganisms, insectsand worms.
13. State the different ways in which fields are irrigated.Ans. It is necessary to provide water for proper development of
plants. So, fields have to be provided water from time to timeaccording to the need of crops. This supply of water atdifferent intervals is called irrigation. Irrigation may be offollowing types:
(i) Furrow irrigation. In this method, water is allowed toenter the field through channels between two rows of acrop. This method is frequently used for row crops.
(ii) Basin irrigation. It is widely used for crops requiringwell-irrigated conditions but where only small quantity ofwater is available for irrigation. This irrigation is alsoknown as bed irrigation.
(iii) Sprinkle irrigation. This method of irrigation is usedwhere soil cannot retain water for a long time. Now-a-days,this is the best method of irrigation because spraying ofwater makes plants dust-free and insects-free.
14. What are manures and fertilizers?Ans. Manures. Manures are the rich sources of organic nutrients.
They consists of animal and plant wastes and also other naturalmaterials that helps in the growth of plants. Manures are of threetypes:
1. Farmyard manure consists of cattle dung and farmyardwastes.
2. Compost formed by the decomposition of dead plantsand animals.
3. Green manure formed by green plant that ploughed alongwith soil.
Fertilizers. Fertilizers are inorganic chemical substances thatare used to enhance the yield of crop. Nitrogen, phosphorusand potassium are the major elements that are provided byfertilizers. We generally see bag marked as NPK, CAN, etcNPK means it contains nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium,while CAN means calcium ammonium nitrate.
15. Why do we need to protect crops from pathogens?Ans. Crop plants get diseases, which damage cultivated plants and
make them unfit for human consumption. So we need to protectcrops from pathogens. Now-a-days specific chemicals are usedfor these organisms. These chemicals are called insecticides orpesticides. These chemicals are used to spray over plants.
16. Why is biological control better than control by usingchemicals?
Ans. Biological control is better than control by using chemicalsbecause pesticides are very poisonous chemicals and remainsas in the environment for a long time. These chemicals havebeen found to cause adverse side effects in the biosphere.Many chemicals are suspected of being able to cause cancer inhumans.
17. Name three insecticides.Ans. (i) DDT (ii) BHC (Gammaxene)
(iii) Malathion. These are insecticides.18. Why should we remove weeds from the field?
Ans. Weeds are the unwanted plants in the crop field that competewith the crop plants for water, sunlight, nutrients, etc. and stopthe growth of crop plants. Due to this reason, we have toremove weeds from the fields.
19. Give three reasons why bacteria are considered to be living.Ans. 1. Bacterial cell can reproduce like a living cell.
2. Bacteria can synthesize their own food from inorganicmaterials such as CO2 and water.
3. Bacterial cells show respiration.20. State two ways in which bacteria are important in nature.
Ans. Bacteria are important in nature in the following ways:1. Decay of dead plants and animals: Saprophytic bacteria
live on dead plants and obtain their food, brings about thedecay of dead materials.
2. Carbon and nitrogen cycle: Due to the activities ofbacteria like decaying of dead organic matter and nitrogenfixation, carbon and nitrogen cycle occur on Earth.
21. Discuss the role of bacteria in nitrogen cycle in nature.Ans. The organic matter of dead animals and plants are broken down
Denitrifying bacteria decompose ammonia and nitrates into freenitrogen. The free nitrogen is fixed by the nitrogen-fixingbacteria, living in the soil and nodules of legume plants.
22. Name five implements required in various agricultural practices.Ans. Sickle, plough, harrow, seed drill, wooden leveller are some
implements used in agriculture.23. Why is selection of seeds required before sowing?
Ans. There is a need to select seeds before sowing due to thefollowing reasons:
1. Seeds should be insect-free and disease free.2. Seeds should be high yielding varieties.3. Seeds should be treated with suitable fungicides to prevent
the diseases.24. What do cereals provide us? Give three examples of cereals.
Ans. Cereals are the basic food for people. They mainly providecarbohydrates e.g., wheat, maize, rice.
25. What are vegetables? What do they provide us as food?Ans. The edible parts of a vegetable plant are root, stem, leaves etc.
These parts are cooked and eaten as vegetables. Vegetables arerich sources of vitamins, minerals and carbohydrates. Potato,onion cabbage, tomato, brinjal are some examples ofvegetables.
26. What is the source of flax? What are the various uses of thisfibre?
Ans. Flax is obtained from the stem of Linum. It is used tomanufacture linen cloth and thread.
27. What are condiments and spices?Ans. These are obtained from plants. These are used for flavouring
food. Some species are also have medicinal value e.g. clove,turmeric, ginger, etc.
28. Name four plants which provide products for industrial use.Ans. (i) Sal. It is used for good quality of wood.
(ii) Cinchona. It has medicinal value.(iii) Acacia tree. It produces an extract which is used as an
adhesive.(iv) Rubber plant. It produces latex which is used for the
manufacturing of rubber.29. Classify fishes on the basis of their habitat. Give one example
of each categories.Ans. On the basis of habitat, fish can be classified into three types:
(i) Fresh water fishes: For example—Rohu, Catla etc.(ii) Marine water fishes: For example—Hilsa, Salmon, etc.(iii) Brackish water fishes: For example—Pearl spot, Mullet.
30. How is an artificial beehive made?Ans. The artificial beehive used for the rearing of honey bees is
called an apiary. Aparies are made with frames inside smallwooden house. There are placed in the shades of trees andcovered with a wooden cap to protect them from sun light andinsects.
31. How is red soil different from black soil?Ans. Red colour of soil is due to presence of iron oxide. It is rich
in clay content and is well-drained. Black soil is rich in iron andmagnesium. It is clayey and contains dead organic matter andwater.
32. What are the different ways of sowing seeds?Ans. There are three ways of sowing seeds which are as follows:
(i) Broadcasting. In this method, seeds are scattered byhand. But this results in unequal distribution of seeds andcannot be planted at the correct depth.
(ii) Seed drilling. In this method, an iron drill is used to sowthe seeds. As plough moves, the seeds move gradually intosoil furrow made by the plough.
(iii) Transplantion. Same crops such as rice and manyvegetables are not directly sown in the soil. They are first
sown in nursery and allowed to grow into baby plants.Healthy ones are then picked up and transferred to mainfield.
33. How is storage of food beneficial?Ans. Storage of food is beneficial in the following ways:
(i) It helps the food to protect from damage by insects andpests.
(ii) It ensures availability of food throughout the year.(iii) It maintains stocks for emergency that may arise due to
natural disaster.34. List the advantages and disadvantages of hybridisation?
Ans. Through hybridisation, we produce better adopted varieties.These varieties have desirable characters like high-yield, goodquality seeds, resistant to diseases, etc.
The process of hybridisation is tedious and time consuming.It is only the disadvantage of hybridisation.
35. List five ways in which fungi help mankind.Ans. Fungi are helpful for mankind in the following ways:
(i) It is used for the production of antibiotics like penicillin.(ii) It is used in the fermentation of sugars like beer and wine.(iii) It is used as food e.g. mushroom.(iv) It is used in baking e.g., yeast for bread-making.(v) It helps in recycling of nutrients.
35. What type of food you would suggest for cattle in order to getgood quality of milk?
Ans. It includes cotton seed, oil cakes, cereals etc. It is highlynutritious and rich in carbohydrates, proteins, fats and vitamin.
37. Name any two exotic breeds of fowl in India.Ans. White leghorn and Rhode island red are two exotic breeds of
38. Write any five symptoms of sick cattle.Ans. A sick cattle has following symptoms:
(i) Cattle stops feeding.(ii) Passing of loose dung.(iii) Cattle becomes inactive and looks tired.(iv) Sometimes, cattle feels hot and sometimes shivering.(v) Milk-yield is reduced.
39. Differentiate between an egger and a broiler.Ans. The egg-laying chickens are called eggers while broilers are
reared for obtaining meat.40. Give any five features of good shelter for milch animals.
Ans. Milch animals want good care because quality and quantity ofmilk are also depend upon care. An animal shelter must havefollowing features:
(i) It should be clean, well-lit and well-ventilated.(ii) It should be spacious to allow enough space for animals.(iii) It should have proper arrangement for the disposal of the
animal’s urine and excreta.(iv) It should be provided with feeding touch.(v) It should have arrangement for clean, fresh water.
41. Why do we follow crop rotation, mixed cropping and fieldfollowing?
Ans. Crop rotation, mixed cropping and field following are thenatural methods to improve soil fertility.
42. When the crop is ripened, name the further steps to be followedbefore storage of grains.
Ans. Harvesting, threshing and winnowing are the steps to befollowed before storage of grains.
