6. Heirs of Gabatan vs CA

7/23/2019 6. Heirs of Gabatan vs CA

1/28

FIRST DIVISION

[G.R. No. 150206. March 13, 2009.]

HEIRS OF TEOFILO GABATAN, namely: LOLITA GABATAN, POMPEYO GABATAN,

PEREGRINO GABATAN, REYNALDO GABATAN, NILA GABATAN and JESUS JABINIS,RIORITA GABATAN TUMALA and FREIRA GABATAN ,petitioners,vs. HON. COURT OF

APPEALS AND LOURDES EERO PACANA ,respondents.

D E C I S I O N

LEONARDO!DE CASTRO,J:

Assa!"# a$# so%&h' 'o (" s"' as#" $ 'h" $s'a$' )"''o$ *or r"+" o$ certiorariar" 'h"

D"cso$ "#a'"# A)r! 2-, 2000, a$# R"so!%'o$ ##a'"# S")'"("r 12, 2001 o* 'h" /o%r' o*

A))"a!s /A, $ /A G.R. /V No. 5223. Th" cha!!"$&"# D"cso$ affir"# 'h" #"cso$ $o*

'h" R"&o$a! Tra! /o%r' RT/ o* /a&aa$ #" Oro /', 4ra$ch 19, #a'"# Oc'o("r 20, 1995 $

/+! /as" No. -9092, a$ ac'o$ *or R"co+"r o* ro)"r' a$# O$"rsh) a$# oss"sso$,

'h"r"a' co"$c"# ( r"s)o$#"$' 7o%r#"s 8+"ro aca$a a&a$s' )"''o$"rs, h"rs o* T"o*!o

Ga(a'a$, "s%s a($s a$# /a'a!$o Aca$'!a#o.

S%("c' o* 'h" )r"s"$' co$'ro+"rs s a 1.1062 h"c'ar" )arc"! o* !a$#, #"$'*"# as 7o' 3095 /

5 a$# s'%a'"# a' /a!$%&a$, 4a!%!a$&, /a&aa$ #" Oro /'. Ths !o' as #"c!ar"# *or 'a;a'o$

$ 'h" $a" o* %a$ Ga(a'a$. I$ 'h" co)!a$' ("*or" 'h" RT/, r"s)o$#"$' a!!"&"# 'ha' sh" s

'h" so!" o$"r o* 7o' 3095 /5, ha+$& $h"r'"# 'h" sa" *ro h"r #"c"as"# o'h"r,


2/28

T"o*!o Ga(a'a$ T"o*!o, a$# T"o*!o=s *", R'a Ga(a'a$, *or a#$s'ra'o$. I' as a!so

c!a"# 'ha' )ror 'o h"r #"a'h )oss"sso$ o* 'h"

#s)%'"# !a$# #"s)'" r"s)o$#"$'=s #"a$#s *or 'h" 'o +aca'" 'h" sa".

I$ 'h"r a$s"r, )"''o$"rs #"$"# 'ha' r"s)o$#"$'=s o'h"r


3/28

Th"s" s(!$&s a$#@or 'h"r h"rs, $h"r'"# 'h" s%("c' !a$# *ro %a$ Ga(a'a$ a$# ha+" (""$$ ac'%a!, )hsca!, o)"$, )%(!c, a#+"rs", co$'$%o%s a$# %$$'"rr%)'"# )oss"sso$ 'h"r"o* $'h" co$c")' o* o$"rs *or or" 'ha$ **' 50 "ars a$# "$o"# 'h" *r%'s o* 'h" )ro+""$'s'h"r"o$, 'o 'h" ";c!%so$ o* 'h" ho!" or!# $c!%#$& r"s)o$#"$'. "''o$"rs c!ar*"# 'ha'"s%s a($s a$# /a'a!$o Aca$'!a#o ha+" $o $'"r"s' $ 'h" s%("c' !a$# 'h" *or"r s"r"! 'h" h%s(a$# o* T"o*!o=s #a%&h'"r h!" 'h" !a''"r s %s' a car"'a>"r. "''o$"rs a##"#'ha' a s!ar cas" as )r"+o%s! *!"# ( r"s)o$#"$' a&a$s' T"o*!o=s *", R'a V#a. #"Ga(a'a$, o$ F"(r%ar 21, 19-, #oc>"'"# as /+! /as" No. 5-?0 (%' 'h" cas" as #sss"#

o$ Ma 3, 19-3 *or !ac> o* $'"r"s'. F$a!!, )"''o$"rs co$'"$#"# 'ha' 'h" co)!a$' !ac>s ors'a'"s $o ca%s" o* ac'o$ or, * 'h"r" as a$, 'h" sa" has !o$& )r"scr("# a$#@or has (""$(arr"# ( !ach"s.

O$ %$" 20, 19-9, 'h" co)!a$' as a"$#"# h"r"$ 'h" h"rs o* T"o*!o "r" $#+#%a!!

$a"#, 'o ': 7o!'a Ga(a'a$, o)"o Ga(a'a$, "r"&r$o Ga(a'a$, R"$a!#o Ga(a'a$,

N!a Ga(a'a$ a$# "s%s a($s, Ror'a Ga(a'a$ T%a! a$# Fr"ra Ga(a'a$.

O$ %! 30, 1990, )"''o$"rs *!"# a$ a"$#"# a$s"r, a##'o$a!! a!!"&$& 'ha' 'h" #s)%'"#

!a$# as a!r"a# co+"r"# ( O/T No. 3316 $ 'h" $a" o* 'h" h"rs o* %a$ Ga(a'a$

r")r"s"$'"# ( )"''o$"r Ror'a Ga(a'a$ T"o*!o=s #a%&h'"r.

O$ Oc'o("r 20, 1995, 'h" RT/ r"$#"r"# a #"cso$ $ *a+or o* r"s)o$#"$', 'h" #s)os'+"

)or'o$ o* hch r"a#s:

%HEREFORE, %#&"$' s h"r"( r"$#"r"# $ *a+or o* 'h" )!a$'ffa$#a&a$s' 'h" #"*"$#a$'s,

#"c!ar$& 'h" )!a$'ff'h" o$"r o* 7o' No. 3095 /5 s'%a'"# a' /a!$%&a$, 4a!%!a$&, /a&aa$ #"

Oro /' a$# or#"r$& 'h" #"*"$#a$'s r")r"s"$'"# ( Ror'a Ga(a'a$ T%a!a 'o RECONEY

Or&$a! /"r'*ca'" o* T'!" No. 3316 $ *a+or o* )!a$'ff7o%r#"s 8+"ro aca$a, *r"" o* a$

"$c%(ra$c" or#"r$& 'h" #"*"$#a$'s 'o )a 10,000.00 ( a o* ora! #aa&"s 10,000.00

as A''or$"=s *""s a$# 2,000.00 *or !'&a'o$ ";)"$s"s.

SO ORDERED.&

A&&r"+"#, )"''o$"rs a))"a!"# 'o 'h" /A h"r"a' 'h"r r"co%rs" as #oc>"'"# as /AG.R.

/V No. 5223.


4/28

O$ A)r! 2-, 2000, 'h" /A r"$#"r"# 'h" h"r"$ cha!!"$&"# D"cso$ affir$& 'ha' o* 'h" RT/.

Ds)os'+"!, 'h" D"cso$ r"a#s:

%HEREFORE, )r"s"s co$s#"r"#, 'h" B%"s'o$"# #"cso$ o* 'h" !o"rco%r' #a'"# Oc'o("r

20, 1995 s h"r"( AFFIRMED. C'h cos's a&a$s' a))"!!a$'s.

SO ORDERED.

Dsco%$'$& )"''o$"rs= ar&%"$' 'ha' r"s)o$#"$' s $o' r"!a'"# 'o %a$ Ga(a'a$, 'h" /A

#"c!ar"# 'ha' r"s)o$#"$'=s c!a o* *!a'o$ 'h %a$ Ga(a'a$ as


5/28

s%ffic"$'! "s'a(!sh"# #%r$& 'ra!. Th%s, 'h" /A "cho"# a !o$& !$" o* %rs)r%#"$c" 'ha'

*$#$&s o* *ac' o* 'h" 'ra! co%r' ar" "$''!"# 'o &r"a' "&h' a$# ar" $o' #s'%r("# ";c")' *or

co&"$' r"aso$s, s%ch as h"$ 'h" *$#$&s o* *ac' ar" $o' s%))or'"# ( "+#"$c".

Th" /A !>"s" &a+" "&h' 'o 'h" D""# o* A(so!%'" Sa!" '";"c%'"# ( Macara Ga(a'a$ #"

A(ro&ar, T"o*!o,


6/28

THIRD ERROR: Th" !o"r co%r' "rr"# $ #"c!ar$& 'ha' a c"r'a$


7/28

I$ &"$"ra!, o$! B%"s'o$s o* !a a (" ras"# $ a )"''o$ *or r"+" o$ certiorari%$#"r R%!"

?5 o* 'h" R%!"s o* /o%r'. H%"s'o$s o* *ac' ca$$o' (" 'h" s%("c' o* 'hs )ar'c%!ar o#" o*

a))"a!, *or 'hs /o%r' s $o' a 'r"r o* *ac's. *I' s $o' o%r *%$c'o$ 'o ";a$" a$# "+a!%a'" 'h"

)ro(a'+" +a!%" o* 'h" "+#"$c" )r"s"$'"# ("*or" 'h" co$c"r$"# 'r(%$a! %)o$ hch 's

)%&$"# #"cso$ or r"so!%'o$ s (as"#. +

"$ 3 h"$ 'h"r"

s &ra+" a(%s" o* #scr"'o$ ? h"$ 'h" %#&"$' s (as"# o$ a sa))r"h"$so$ o* *ac's

5 h"$ 'h" *$#$&s o* *ac's ar" co$*!c'$& 6 h"$ $ a>$& 's *$#$&s 'h" /o%r' o*

A))"a!s "$' ("o$# 'h" ss%"s o* 'h" cas", or 's *$#$&s ar" co$'rar 'o 'h" a#sso$s o*

(o'h 'h" a))"!!a$' a$# 'h" a))"!!"" h"$ 'h" *$#$&s ar" co$'rar 'o 'h" 'ra! co%r' -

h"$ 'h" *$#$&s ar" co$c!%so$s 'ho%' c'a'o$ o* s)"c*c "+#"$c" o$ hch 'h" ar"

(as"# 9 h"$ 'h" *ac's s"' *or'h $ 'h" )"''o$ as "!! as $ 'h" )"''o$"r=s a$ a$# r")!

(r"*s ar" $o' #s)%'"# ( 'h" r"s)o$#"$' 10 h"$ 'h" *$#$&s o* *ac' ar" )r"s"# o$ 'h"s%))os"# a(s"$c" o* "+#"$c" a$# co$'ra#c'"# ( 'h" "+#"$c" o$ r"cor# a$# 11 h"$ 'h"

/o%r' o* A))"a!s a$*"s'! o+"r!oo>"# c"r'a$ r"!"+a$' *ac's $o' #s)%'"# ( 'h" )ar'"s,

hch, * )ro)"r! co$s#"r"#, o%!# %s'* a #**"r"$' co$c!%so$. "

Mor"o+"r, o%r r%!"s r"co&$" 'h" (roa# #scr"'o$ar )o"r o* a$ a))"!!a'" co%r' 'o a+" 'h"!ac> o* )ro)"r ass&$"$' o* "rrors a$# 'o co$s#"r "rrors $o' ass&$"#. Th%s, 'h" /o%r' s

c!o'h"# 'h a)!" a%'hor' 'o r"+" r%!$&s "+"$ * 'h" ar" $o' ass&$"# as "rrors $ 'h"

a))"a! $ 'h"s" $s'a$c"s: a &ro%$#s $o' ass&$"# as "rrors (%' aff"c'$& %rs#c'o$ o+"r

'h" s%("c' a''"r ( a''"rs $o' ass&$"# as "rrors o$ a))"a! (%' ar" "+#"$'! )!a$ or

c!"rca! "rrors 'h$ co$'")!a'o$ o* !a c a''"rs $o' ass&$"# as "rrors o$ a))"a! (%'

co$s#"ra'o$ o* hch s $"c"ssar $ arr+$& a' a %s' #"cso$ a$# co)!"'" r"so!%'o$ o* 'h"

cas" or 'o s"r+" 'h" $'"r"s's o* %s'c" or 'o a+o# #s)"$s$& )"c""a! %s'c" # a''"rs

$o' s)"c*ca!! ass&$"# as "rrors o$ a))"a! (%' ras"# $ 'h" 'ra! co%r' a$# ar" a''"rs o*

r"cor# ha+$& so" ("ar$& o$ 'h" ss%" s%(''"# hch 'h" )ar'"s *a!"# 'o ras" or hch

'h" !o"r co%r' &$or"# " a''"rs $o' ass&$"# as "rrors o$ a))"a! (%' c!os"! r"!a'"# 'o a$

"rror ass&$"# a$# * a''"rs $o' ass&$"# as "rrors o$ a))"a! (%' %)o$ hch 'h"

#"'"r$a'o$ o* a B%"s'o$ )ro)"r! ass&$"#, s #")"$#"$'. ""


8/28

I$ 'h" !&h' o* 'h" *or"&o$& "s'a(!sh"# #oc'r$"s, " $o )roc""# 'o r"so!+" 'h" "r's o* 'h"

cas".

Th" r"s)o$#"$'=s a$ ca%s" o* ac'o$ $ 'h" co%r' a quos 'h" r"co+"r o* o$"rsh) a$#)oss"sso$ o* )ro)"r'. I' s %$#s)%'"# 'ha' 'h" s%("c' )ro)"r', 7o' 3095 /5, as o$"# (

'h" #"c"as"# %a$ Ga(a'a$, #%r$& hs !*"'". "#4"*or" %s ar" 'o co$'"$#$& )ar'"s, (o'h

$ss'$& 'o (" 'h" !"&a! h"rs o* 'h" #"c"#"$'.

%rs)r%#"$c" #c'a'"s 'ha' 'h" #"'"r$a'o$ o* ho ar" 'h" !"&a! h"rs o* 'h"


9/28

#"c"as"# %s' (" a#" $ 'h" )ro)"r s)"ca! )roc""#$&s $ co%r', a$# $o' $ a$ or#$ar s%'

*or r"co+"r o* o$"rsh) a$# )oss"sso$ o* )ro)"r'. Ths %s' 'a>" )r"c"#"$c" o+"r 'h"

ac'o$ *or r"co+"r o* )oss"sso$ a$# o$"rsh). Th" /o%r' has co$ss'"$'! r%!"# 'ha' 'h" 'ra

co%r' ca$$o' a>" a #"c!ara'o$ o* h"rsh) $ 'h" c+! ac'o$ *or 'h" r"aso$ 'ha' s%ch a

#"c!ara'o$ ca$ o$! (" a#" $ a s)"ca! )roc""#$&. $#"r S"c'o$ 3, R%!" 1 o* 'h" 199

R"+s"# R%!"s o* /o%r', a c+! ac'o$ s #"*$"# as one by which a party sues another for the

enforcement orprotection of a right, or the prevention or redress of a wrong h!" a s)"ca!

)roc""#$& s a remedy by which a party seeks to establish a status, a right, or a particularfact. I' s 'h"$ #"cs+"! c!"ar 'ha' 'h" #"c!ara'o$ o* h"rsh) ca$ ("a#" o$! $ a s)"ca!

)roc""#$& $as%ch as 'h" )"''o$"rs h"r" ar" s"">$& 'h" "s'a(!sh"$' o* a s'a'%s or r&h'"$

I$ 'h" "ar! cas" o* Litam, et al. v. Rivera,"&'hs /o%r' r%!"# 'ha' 'h" #"c!ara'o$ o* h"rsh)

%s' (" a#" $ a s)"ca! )roc""#$&, a$# $o' $ a$ $#")"$#"$' c+! ac'o$. Ths #oc'r$"

as r"'"ra'"# $ Solivio v. Court of ppeals"'h"r" 'h" /o%r' h"!#:

. . . h"r" #"s)'" 'h" )"$#"$c o* 'h" s)"ca! )roc""#$&s *or 'h" s"''!""$' o* 'h" $'"s'a'"

"s'a'" o* 'h" #"c"as"# Ra*a"! 7'a, 'h" )!a$'**sa))"!!a$'s *!"# a c+! ac'o$ $ hch 'h"

c!a"# 'ha' 'h" "r" 'h" ch!#r"$ ( a )r"+o%s arra&" o* 'h" #"c"as"# 'o a /h$"s" oa$,

h"$c", "$''!"# 'o $h"r' hs o$"ha!* shar" o* 'h" co$%&a! )ro)"r'"s acB%r"# #%r$& hs arra&"

'o Marcosa R+"ra, 'h" 'ra! co%r' $ 'h" c+! cas" #"c!ar"# 'ha' 'h" )!a$'ff

s a))"!!a$'s "r" $o'ch!#r"$ o* 'h" #"c"as"#, 'ha' 'h" )ro)"r'"s $ B%"s'o$ "r" )ara)h"r$a! )ro)"r'"s o* hs *",

Marcosa R+"ra, a$# 'ha' 'h" !a''"r as hs o$! h"r. O$ a))"a! 'o 'hs /o%r', " r%!"# 'ha' s%ch

#"c!ara'o$s 'ha' Marcosa R+"ra as 'h" o$! h"r o* 'h" #"c"#"$' s )ro)"r, $ /+! /as" No

201, it being within the e!clusive competence ofthe court in Special "roceedings #o. $%&', $

hch ' s $o' as "', $ ss%",a$#, !! $o' (", or#$ar!, $ ss%" %$'! 'h" )r"s"$'a'o$ o* 'h"

)ro"c' o* )ar''o$.

I$ 'h" or" r"c"$' cas" o* (ilagros Joaquino v. Lourdes Reyes,"('h" /o%r' r"'"ra'"# 's

r%!$& 'ha' a''"rs r"!a'$& 'o 'h" r&h's o* *!a'o$ a$# h"rsh) %s' (" +"$'!a'"# $ 'h" )ro)"r

)ro(a'" co%r' $ a s)"ca! )roc""#$& $s''%'"# )r"cs"! *or 'h" )%r)os" o* #"'"r$$& s%ch

r&h's. /'$& 'h" cas" o*gapay v. "alang,")'hs /o%r' h"!# 'ha' 'h" s'a'%s o* a$ !!"&'a'"

ch!# ho c!a"# 'o (" a$ h"r 'o a #"c"#"$'=s "s'a'" co%!# $o' (" a#%#ca'"# $ a$ or#$ar

c+! ac'o$ hch, as $ 'hs cas", as *or 'h" r"co+"r o* )ro)"r'.


10/28


11/28

/-a-1/ 7 8e-0-0ne5/ a/ 6e05/ 0/ n- nly 0m85a4-04al< ' s(%r#"$so" 'o 'h" "s'a'" 'h 'h"

cos's a$# ";)"$s"s o* a$ a#$s'ra'o$ )roc""#$&. And 0- 0/ /18e57l11/ 0n l096- 7 -6e 7a4-

-6a- -6e 8a5-0e/- -6e 40=0l 4a/e > /123e4- 7 -6e 85e/en- 4a/e, 41ld and 6ad al5eady 0n

7a4- 85e/en-ed e=0den4e 2e75e -6e -50al 415- 6046 a//1med 3150/d04-0n =e5 -6e 4a/e

18n -6e 0//1e/ 0- de70ned d150n9 85e!-50al.

I$ *$", %$#"r 'h" crc%s'a$c"s o* 'h" )r"s"$' cas", 'h"r" ("$& $o co)"!!$& r"aso$ 'o s'!!

s%("c' or'%&a!=s "s'a'" 'o a#$s'ra'o$ )roc""#$&s s$c" a #"'"r$a'o$ o* )"''o$"rs= s'a'%s

as h"rs co%!# (" ach"+"# $ 'h" c+! cas" *!"# ( )"''o$"rs +ide"ereira v. Court ofppeals,

1? S/RA 15? [19-9]ntestate -state of (ercado v. (agtibay, 96h!. 3-3 [1955], 'h" 'ra! co%r'

sho%!# )roc""# 'o "+a!%a'" 'h" "+#"$c" )r"s"$'"# ( 'h" )ar'"s #%r$& 'h" 'ra! a$# r"$#"r a

#"cso$ 'h"r"o$ %)o$ 'h" ss%"s ' #"*$"# #%r$& )r"'ra!, . . . . ")hass s%))!"#

S!ar!, $ 'h" )r"s"$' cas", 'h"r" a))"ars 'o (" o$! o$" )arc"! o* !a$# ("$& c!a"# ( 'h"

co$'"$#$& )ar'"s as 'h"r $h"r'a$c" *ro %a$ Ga(a'a$. I' o%!# (" or" )rac'ca! 'o

#s)"$s" 'h a s")ara'" s)"ca! )roc""#$& *or 'h" #"'"r$a'o$ o* 'h" s'a'%s o* r"s)o$#"$'

as 'h" so!" h"r o* %a$ Ga(a'a$, s)"ca!! $ !&h' o* 'h" *ac' 'ha' 'h" )ar'"s 'o /+! /as" No.

-9092, ha# +o!%$'ar! s%(''"# 'h" ss%" 'o 'h" RT/ a$# a!r"a# )r"s"$'"# 'h"r "+#"$c"

r"&ar#$& 'h" ss%" o* h"rsh) $ 'h"s" )roc""#$&. A!so 'h" RT/ ass%"# %rs#c'o$ o+"r

'h" sa" a$# co$s"B%"$'! r"$#"r"# %#&"$' 'h"r"o$.

C" GRANT 'h" )"''o$.

A*'"r a "'c%!o%s r"+" o* 'h" r"cor#s o* 'hs cas", " *$# $s%ffic"$' a$# B%"s'o$a(!" 'h"

(ass o* 'h" RT/ $ co$*"rr$& %)o$ r"s)o$#"$' 'h" s'a'%s o* so!" h"r o* %a$ Ga(a'a$.

R"s)o$#"$', $ ass"r'$& 'o (" "$''!"# 'o )oss"sso$ a$# o$"rsh) o* 'h" )ro)"r', )$$"#

h"r c!a "$'r"! o$ h"r a!!"&"# s'a'%s as so!" h"r o* %a$ Ga(a'a$. I' as $c%("$' %)o$

h"r 'o )r"s"$' )r")o$#"ra$' "+#"$c" $ s%))or' o* h"r co)!a$'.

$#"r 'h" /+! /o#", 'h" *!a'o$ o* !"&'a'" ch!#r"$ s "s'a(!sh"# ( a$ o* 'h" *o!!o$&:


12/28

ART. 265. Th" *!a'o$ o* !"&'a'" ch!#r"$ s )ro+"# ( 'h" r"cor# o* (r'h a))"ar$& $ 'h" /+!

R"&s'"r, or ( a$ a%'h"$'c #oc%"$' or a *$a! %#&"$'.

ART. 266. I$ 'h" a(s"$c" o* 'h" ''!"s $#ca'"# $ 'h" )r"c"#$& ar'c!", 'h" *!a'o$ sha!! (" )ro+"#( 'h" co$'$%o%s )oss"sso$ o* s'a'%s o* a !"&'a'" ch!#.

ART. 26. I$ 'h" a(s"$c" o* a r"cor# o* (r'h, a%'h"$'c #oc%"$', *$a! %#&"$' or )oss"sso$ o*

s'a'%s, !"&'a'" *!a'o$ a (" )ro+"# ( a$ o'h"r "a$s a!!o"# ( 'h" R%!"s o* /o%r' a$#

s)"ca! !as.


13/28

"s ' a$ o!#"r

*or 'ha$ 8;h(' A. Th%s, 'h" 'ra! co%r'=s *$#$& r"&ar#$& hch *or as o* or" r"c"$'

+$'a&" as a$*"s'! co$'ra#c'"# ( 'h" "+#"$c" o$ r"cor#. No ac'%a! s&$a'%r" a))"ars

o$ 8;h(' A ";c")' 'ha' o* a c"r'a$ Ma;o . Nor&a, D")%' 7oca! /+! R"&s'rar o* 'h" Offi

c" o* 'h" 7oca! /+! R"&s'rar, /a&aa$ #" Oro /', ho )%r)or'"#! c"r'*"# o$ %! 6, 19

'ha' 8;h(' A as a 'r%" co) o* r"s)o$#"$'=s (r'h c"r'*ca'". Th" $a"s o* 'h" a''"$#a$' a'

(r'h "'ra Sa(aa$ a$# 'h" !oca! c+! r"&s'rar .7. R+"ra $ 1950 "r" ')"r''"$ 'h

'h" $o'a'o$ S. a!so "r"! ')"r''"$ ("s#" 'h"r $a"s. Th" or#s A c"r'*"# 'r%"


14/28

co): %! 6, 19 a(o+" 'h" s&$a'%r" o* Ma;o . Nor&a o$ 8;h(' A a))"ar 'o ("

$scr("# ( 'h" sa" ')"r'"r as 'h" +"r "$'r"s $ 8;h(' A. I' o%!# s"" 'ha' 8;h(' A

a$# 'h" $*ora'o$ s'a'"# 'h"r"$ "r" )r")ar"# a$# "$'"r"# o$! $ 19. S&$*ca$'!,

Ma;o . Nor&a as $"+"r )r"s"$'"# as a '$"ss 'o #"$'* 8;h(' A. Sa# #oc%"$' a$#

'h" s&$a'%r" o* Ma;o . Nor&a 'h"r"$ "r"


15/28

#"$'*"# ( r"s)o$#"$' h"rs"!* hos" s"!*s"r+$& '"s'o$ ca$$o' (" #"""# s%**c"$'

a%'h"$'ca'o$ o* h"r (r'h c"r'*ca'".

C" ca$$o' s%(scr(" 'o 'h" 'ra! co%r'=s +" 'ha' s$c" 'h" "$'r"s $ 8;h(' 1 "r"

ha$#r''"$, 8;h(' 1 as 'h" o$" o* #%(o%s cr"#(!'. V"r!, 'h" c"r'*"# 'r%" co)"s o* 'h"

ha$#r''"$ (r'h c"r'*ca'" o* r"s)o$#"$' )"''o$"rs= 8;h('s 1 a$# - "r" #%!

a%'h"$'ca'"# ( 'o co)"'"$' '$"ss"s $a"!, Ros'a V#a! Ms. V#a!, Asss'a$'R"&s'ra'o$ O**c"r o* 'h" O**c" o* 'h" /' /+! R"&s'rar, /a&aa$ #" Oro /' a$# Mar("'h

8. /acho Ms. /acho, Arch+s' o* 'h" Na'o$a! S'a's'cs Offic" NSO, S'a. M"sa, Ma$!a.

4o'h '$"ss"s '"s'*"# 'ha': a as )ar' o* 'h"r o**ca! #%'"s 'h" ha+" c%s'o# o* (r'h

r"cor#s $ 'h"r r"s)"c'+" o**c"s, #$a$# ( 'h" c"r'*"# 'r%" co) o* r"s)o$#"$'=s ha$#r''"$

(r'h c"r'*ca'" s a *a'h*%! r")ro#%c'o$ o* 'h" or&$a! (r'h c"r'*ca'" r"&s'"r"# $ 'h"r

r"s)"c'+" offic"s. #&Ms. V#a!, #%r$& h"r '"s'o$, "+"$ (ro%&h' 'h" or&$a! o* 'h"

ha$#r''"$ (r'h c"r'*ca'" ("*or" 'h" 'ra! co%r' a$# r"s)o$#"$'=s co%$s"! co$*r"# 'ha' 'h"

c"r'*"# 'r%" co) hch as "+"$'%a!! ar>"# as 8;h(' 1 as a *a'h*%! r")ro#%c'o$ o*

'h" or&$a!. #'Ms. V#a! !>"s" ca'"&orca!! '"s'*"# 'ha' $o o'h"r co) o* r"s)o$#"$'=s (r'hc"r'*ca'" ";s's $ 'h"r r"cor#s ";c")' 'h" ha$#r''"$ (r'h c"r'*ca'". #(Ms. /acho, $ '%r$,

'"s'*"# 'ha' 'h" or&$a! o* r"s)o$#"$'=s ha$#r''"$ (r'h c"r'*ca'" *o%$# $ 'h" r"cor#s o* 'h"

NSO Ma$!a *ro hch 8;h(' - as )ho'oco)"# as 'h" o$" offica!! 'ra$s''"# 'o 'h"r

offic" ( 'h" 7oca! /+! R"&s'r Offic" o* /a&aa$ #" Oro. #)4o'h Ms. V#a! a$# Ms. /acho

'"s'*"# a$# (ro%&h' 'h"r r"s)"c'+" offic"s= co)"s o* r"s)o$#"$'=s (r'h c"r'*ca'" $

co)!a$c" 'h s%()o"$as ss%"# ( 'h" 'ra! co%r' a$# 'h"r" s $o sho$& 'ha' 'h" "r"

o'+a'"# ( !! !! or (as $ &+$& 'h"r '"s'o$"s. Th%s, ("'""$ r"s)o$#"$'=s 8;h(' A

a$# )"''o$"rs= 8;h('s 1 a$# -, 'h" !a''"r #oc%"$'s #"s"r+" 'o (" &+"$ &r"a'"r )ro(a'+"

"&h'.

8+"$ ass%$& )%r"! *or 'h" sa>" o* ar&%"$' 'ha' 'h" (r'h c"r'*ca'" )r"s"$'"# (

r"s)o$#"$' 8;h(' A s a r"!a(!" #oc%"$', 'h" sa" o$ 's *ac" s $s%ffic"$' 'o )ro+"

r"s)o$#"$'=s *!a'o$ 'o h"r a!!"&"# &ra$#*a'h"r, %a$ Ga(a'a$. A!! 'ha' 8;h(' A, * ' ha# (""$

cr"#(!" a$# a%'h"$'c, o%!# ha+" )ro+"$ as 'ha' r"s)o$#"$'=s o'h"r as a c"r'a$


16/28

I' as a(so!%'"! cr%ca! 'o r"s)o$#"$'=s ca%s" o* ac'o$ 'ha' sh" co$+$c$&! )ro+"s 'h"

*!a'o$ o* h"r o'h"r 'o %a$ Ga(a'a$. To r"'"ra'", 'o )ro+" 'h" r"!a'o$sh) o* r"s)o$#"$'=s

o'h"r 'o %a$ Ga(a'a$, o%r !as #c'a'" 'ha' 'h" ("s' "+#"$c" o* s%ch *a!a! '" as 'h"

r"cor# o* (r'h a))"ar$& $ 'h" /+! R"&s'"r, or a$ a%'h"$'c #oc%"$' or a *$a! %#&"$'. I$

'h" a(s"$c" o* 'h"s", r"s)o$#"$' sho%!# ha+" )r"s"$'"# )roo* 'ha' h"r o'h"r "$o"# 'h"

co$'$%o%s )oss"sso$ o* 'h" s'a'%s o* a !"&'a'" ch!#. O$! $ 'h" a(s"$c" o* 'h"s" 'o

c!ass"s o* "+#"$c" s 'h" r"s)o$#"$' a!!o"# 'o )r"s"$' o'h"r )roo* a#ss(!" %$#"r 'h"

R%!"s o* /o%r' o* h"r o'h"r=s r"!a'o$sh) 'o %a$ Ga(a'a$.


17/28

$" %a$ Ga(a'a$ as arr"# 'o 7a%r"a$a /!ar'o

a$# 'ha'


18/28

$ $'"r"s', 'ha'


19/28

#oc%"$', $o "+#"$c" sha!! (" a#ss(!" o'h"r 'ha$ 'h" or&$a! #oc%"$' 's"!*. $(A!'ho%&h

'h" ("s' "+#"$c" r%!" a#'s o* ";c")'o$s a$# 'h"r" ar" $s'a$c"sh"r" 'h" )r"s"$'a'o$ o*

s"co$#ar "+#"$c" o%!# (" a!!o"#, s%ch as h"$ 'h" or&$a! s !os' or 'h" or&$a! s a

)%(!c r"cor#, 'h" (ass *or 'h" )r"s"$'a'o$ o* s"co$#ar "+#"$c" %s' s'!! (" "s'a(!sh"#.

Th%s, $ 0epartment of -ducationCulture and Sports v. 0el Rosario, $)" h"!# 'ha' a )ar'

%s' *rs' sa's*ac'or!";)!a$ 'h" !oss o* 'h" ("s' or )rar "+#"$c" ("*or" h" ca$ r"sor' 'o

s"co$#ar "+#"$c". A )ar' %s' *rs' )r"s"$' 'o 'h" co%r' )roo* o* !oss or o'h"r sa's*ac'or

";)!a$a'o$ *or $o$)ro#%c'o$ o* 'h" or&$a! $s'r%"$'.

I$ 'h" cas" a' (ar, a )"r%sa! o* 'h" 'ra$scr)' o* 'h" '"s'o$ o* F"!csa Na&ac aca$a

ho #"$'*"# 'h" )ho'oco) o* 'h" D""# o* A(so!%'" Sa!" )!a$! shos 'ha' sh" &a+" $o

'"s'o$ r"&ar#$& 'h" h"r"a(o%'s o* 'h" or&$a!, h"'h"r ' as !os' or h"'h"r ' as

r"cor#"# $ a$ )%(!c o**c".

Th"r" s a$ os'"$s(!" a''")' 'o )ass off8;h(' < as a$ a#ss(!" )%(!c #oc%"$'. For

'hs, r"s)o$#"$' r"!"# o$ 'h" s'a)"# $o'a'o$ o$ 'h" )ho'oco) o* 'h" #""# 'ha' ' s a

c"r'*"# 'r%" ;"ro; co) a$# sa# $o'a'o$ as s&$"# ( a c"r'a$ "") a$ or&$a! o* 'h" D""# o* A(so!%'" Sa!"

$ hs $o'ara! r"&s'"r a$# 'o *orar# 'h" sa" 'o 'h" )ro)"r co%r'. I' s 'h" $o'ar )%(!c or 'h"


20/28

)ro)"r co%r' 'ha' has c%s'o# o* hs $o'ara! r"&s'"r 'ha' co%!# ha+" )ro#%c"# 'h" or&$a! or a

c"r'*"# 'r%" co) 'h"r"o*. I$s'"a#, 'h" D""# o* A(so!%'" Sa!" as #"$'*"# ( F"!csa

Na&ac aca$a ho, #"s)'" a))"ar$& 'o (" a s&$a'or 'h"r"'o, s $o' a #s$'"r"s'"# '$"ss

a$# as ca$ (" &!"a$"# *ro h"r '"s'o$, sh" ha# $o )"rso$a! >$o!"#&" o* 'h" )r")ara'o$

o* 'h" a!!"&"# c"r'*"# 'r%" co) o* 'h" D""# o* A(so!%'" Sa!". Sh" ## $o' "+"$ >$o ho

s"c%r"# a co) o* 8;h(' < *ro 'h" ass"ssor=s offic". &"To (" s%r", 'h" ro%$#a(o%' a$#

#"*"c'+" a$$"r o* a%'h"$'ca'o$ o* 8;h(' < r"$#"rs ' $a#ss(!" *or 'h" )%r)os" ' as

off"r"#, i.e.,as )roo* 'ha' T"o*!o Ga(a'a$ ac>$o!"#&"# or a#''"# 'h" s'a'%s o*


21/28

8+"$ * " ar" 'o o+"r!oo> 'h" !ac> o* )ro)"r a%'h"$'ca'o$ o* 8;h(' < a$# co$s#"r 'h" sa"

a#ss(!", ' s'!! $o$"'h"!"ss o%!# ha+" o$! )ro+#"# )roo* 'ha' a c"r'a$ "'"# as

/+! /as" No. 5-?0, a&a$s' R'a Ga(a'a$, 'h" #o o* T"o*!o Ga(a'a$. &$


22/28

C


23/28

"uno, C.J., s o$ o**ca! !"a+".

Foo'$o'"s

"$$"# ( Assoca'" %s'c" Maro M. a! r"'. 'h r"s#$& %s'c" /o$ra#o M. VasB%", r.

a$# Assoca'" %s'c" 8#&ar#o . /r%, co$c%rr$& rollo,)). 163?.

Rollo, ). 35.

d. a' 3?.

Supra, $o'" 3.

Rollo, )). 309311.

R%!" 130.

S"c. 3-. 0eclaration against interest. Th" #"c!ara'o$ a#" ( a )"rso$ #"c"as"#, or %$a(!" 'o'"s'*, a&a$s' 'h" $'"r"s' o* 'h" #"c!ara$', * 'h" *ac' ass"r'"# $ 'h" #"c!ara'o$ as a' 'h" '" '

as a#" so *ar co$'rar 'o #"c!ara$'=s o$ $'"r"s', 'ha' a r"aso$a(!" a$ $ hs )os'o$ o%!#

$o' ha+" a#" 'h" #"c!ara'o$ %$!"ss h" ("!"+"# ' 'o (" 'r%", a (" r"c"+"# $ "+#"$c"

a&a$s' hs"!* or hs s%cc"ssors $ $'"r"s' a$# a&a$s' 'hr# )"rso$s.

Rollo, ). -.

ir "hilippines Corporation v. nternational *usiness viation Services "hils., nc.,

G.R. No. 151963, S")'"("r 9, 200?, ?3- S/RA 51, 6.

Junson v. (artine5, G.R. No. 1?132?, %! -, 2003, ?05 S/RA 390, 393.


24/28

6oriano v. 6rieste, G.R. No. 1?693, a$%ar 23, 200, 512 S/RA 26?, 2626-(adrigal v. Cour

of ppeals, G.R. No. 1?29??, A)r! 15, 2005, ?56 S/RA 2?, 256.

Catholic *ishop of *alanga v. Court of ppeals, G.R. No. 112519, No+"("r 1?,1996, 332 h!.

206, 21.

I' s o$! o$ a))"a! 'ha' )"''o$"rs )os' 'h" co$'"$'o$ 'ha' %a$ Ga(a'a$ a$# hs s(!$&s "r"

coo$"rs $ "B%a! shar"s o* 7o' 3095 /5 s$c" 'h" a!!"&"#! $h"r'"# 'h" sa" *ro 'h"r

)ar"$'s.


25/28

1-2 S/RA 119, 12- 1990.

G.R. No. 15?6?5, ?3? S/RA 260, 2? 200?.

3?2 h!. 302, 313 199.

G.R. No. 155555, ?6 S/RA 1-?, 199 2005.

R"cor#, )). 251 a$# ?15.

Rollo, ). ??.

Th" )r$'"# $o'a'o$ o$ 'h" %))"r !"*' ha$# cor$"r o* 8;h(' A s'a'"s M%$c)a! For No. 102

R"+s"# o$ D"c. 1, 195L. Th" !as' #&' o* 'h" "ar s $o' c!"ar a$# a))"ars 'o (" "'h"r 1953

or 195-. I$ a$ "+"$', co$s#"r$& 'ha' r"s)o$#"$'=s (r'h #a'" s D"c"("r 1, 1950, 'h" /o%r'

("!"+"s 'ha' ' s )oss(!" 'ha' r"s)o$#"$'=s 'r%" (r'h c"r'*ca'" o%!# %s" a *or 'ha'

a))"ars 'o ha+" o$! co" $'o ";s'"$c" afterh"r (r'h.

8;h(' 1 s a c"r'*"# 'r%" co) o* r"s)o$#"$'=s (r'h c"r'*ca'" hch as #"$'*"# ( '$"ss

Ros'a V#a! o* 'h" 7oca! /+! R"&s'rar=s Offic", /a&aa$ #" Oro. I' s #"$'ca! $ a'"ra!

r"s)"c's 'o 8;h(' - hch as #"$'*"# ( '$"ss Mar("'h /acho o* 'h" Na'o$a! S'a's'cs

O**c", Ma$!a.

TSN o* Ms. V#a!=s T"s'o$ #a'"# F"(r%ar 16, 1993 a' ). 5 a$# TSN o* Ms. /acho=s

D")os'o$ #a'"# %$" 16, 1993 a' ). 6.

TSN o* Ms. V#a!=s T"s'o$ #a'"# F"(r%ar 16, 1993 a' ). 6 a$# TSN o* Ms. /acho=s

D")os'o$ #a'"# %$" 16, 1993 a' ). -.

TSN o* Ms. V#a!=s T"s'o$ #a'"# F"(r%ar 16, 1993 a' ). 5.


26/28

d. a' 6.

TSN o* Ms. /acho=s D")os'o$ #a'"# %$" 16, 1993 a' ). 9.

/A D"cso$, ). 1? rollo,). 29.

TSN o* Frsco 7aa$=s '"s'o$ #a'"# D"c"("r 13, 1990 a' ). -.

%s'a Ga(a'a$ Na&ac as 'h" ss'"r o* %a$ Ga(a'a$.

TSN o* r"s)o$#"$'=s '"s'o$ #a'"# March 31, 1992 a' ). ?3.

Supra, a' $o'" 5.

RT/ D"cso$ a' )). -9 rollo,)). ???5.

/A D"cso$ a' )). 1?16 rollo,)). 2931.

TSN o* 'h" D")os'o$ o* F"!csa Na&ac aca$a #a'"# %! -, 1992 a' )). , -, 15, 21, 22-

a$# 3-39.


27/28

R%!" 130, S"c'o$ 3, R%!"s o* /o%r'.

G.R. No. 1?65-6, a$%ar 26, 2005, ??9 S/RA 299, 313.

R%!" 132, S"c'o$s 2? a$# S"c'o$ 25 o* 'h" 19-9 R%!"s o* 8+#"$c" a$# 'h" )r"s"$' R%!"s o*

/o%r' ar" s!ar! or#"#.

R%!" 132, S"c'o$ 2?.

R%!" 132, S"c'o$ 25.

Supra $o'" 35, a' ). 2-.

Supra $o'" 31, a' ). .

d. a' 36.

d. a' ?0 s"" a!sorollo, ). 51.

Th" co)!a$' as *!"# o$ March 15, 19-9 a$# 'h" a"$#"# co)!a$' as *!"# o$ %$" 20,

19-9 R"cor#s, a' )). 1 a$# 3-.

Supra $o'" 31, a' ). ?0.

G.R. No. 15539?, F"(r%ar 1, 2005 ?51 S/RA ?9.

A##'o$a! "("r $ !"% o* /h"* %s'c" R"$a'o S. %$o as )"r S)"ca! Or#"r No. 5-?.


28/28

Ac'$& /har)"rso$ as )"r S)"ca! Or#"r No. 5-3.

A##'o$a! "("r as )"r S)"ca! Or#"r No. 50.

Date post:	16-Feb-2018
Category:	Documents
Upload:	ping-ky
View:	221 times
Download:	0 times

6. Heirs of Gabatan vs CA

Documents