Date post: | 26-Feb-2018 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | jaimee-aguelo |
View: | 224 times |
Download: | 1 times |
of 73
7/25/2019 6 Influences of Architecture
1/73
6 INFLUENCES OF ARCHITECTU
GEOGRAPHICAL
GEOLOGICAL
CLIMATE
RELIGION
SOCIAL AND POLITICAL
CULTURAL
7/25/2019 6 Influences of Architecture
2/73
STRUCTURAL FORCES: GEOLOGICAL
GEOGRAPHICAL
CLIMATE
CIVILIZING FORCES SOCIAL AND POLITICAL
RELIGIOUS
AFFECTED BY EXTERNAL HISTORICAL EVENTSWHICH MAY ALTER OR VARY THE FOREGOING HISTORICAL
7/25/2019 6 Influences of Architecture
3/73
GEOGRAPHICAL
Geogra!" #$%&e$'e( ar'!#)e')&re *e'a&(e geogra!" #( )!e
+a$-. Ho/ )!e +a$- #( +a#- o&) /#++ -e)er0#$e /!a) )"e o, ar'
/#++ +oo1 )!e *e().
Geogra!" #( a*o&) (o 0&'! 0ore )!a$ 0o&$)a#$( a$- r#2er
I)3( a*o&) !o/ $a)&ra+ (&rro&$-#$g( a4e') '&+)&re( a$- (o'#e
!o/ !&0a$ *e#$g(5 #$ )&r$5 e$a') '!a$ge #$ )!e /or+- aro&$-
7/25/2019 6 Influences of Architecture
4/73
GEOLOGICAL
Geo+og#'a+ !e$o0e$o$ +#1e ear)!&a1e 'er)a#$+" !a(
#$%&e$'e o$ ar'!#)e')&re -e(#g$. So0e o, geo+og#'a+
!e$o0e$o$ 'a$ *e a2o#-5 *&) (o0e o, )!e0 'a$$o).
Ar'!#)e')&re #( -e(#g$e- re-&'e -a0age o, $ega)#2e
geo+og" #$%&e$'e a$- *e'o0e (e'#a+ ,ea)&re(. I$
ear)!&a1e 7o$e(5 ar'!#)e')&re &(e( +#g!) /e#g!) 0a)er#a+
a$- a2o#-( ()#4 'o$$e')#o$ *e)/ee$ ()r&')&re(. T!#( (!o/(
!o/ ar'!#)e')&re a-a) e$2#ro$0e$).
7/25/2019 6 Influences of Architecture
5/73
CLIMATE
C+#0a)e -e8$#)e+" #$%&e$'e- ar'!#)e')&re -e(#g$5 e(e'#a++" &$-e
/ea)!er 'o$-#)#o$. Peo+e )r" )o (&r2#2e #$ )!e $a)&re5 a -/e++#$g
o&) 'o+-$e((5 ra#$5 /#$-5 )oo 0&'! (&$(!#$e 0&() *e 'o$(#-ere-
reg#o$( )!a) !a2e -#4ere$) '+#0a)e. T!e -#4ere$) '+#0a)e #( a+(o o
rea(o$( )!a) ar'!#)e')&re #( -#4ere$) ,ro0 ea'! o)!er.
7/25/2019 6 Influences of Architecture
6/73
RELIGION Re+#g#o$ !a( a +arge #$%&e$'e o$ ar'!#)e')&re. Be'a&(e o, a/e#$g o, go-5
ar'!#)e')&re /a( -e(#g$e- /#)! )!e )o )e'!$o+og" a$- #-ea. T!#( &(!e-
ar'!#)e')&re )o a $e/ +e2e+. I$ )!e a$'#e$) )#0e5 *e'a&(e o, *e+#e2#$g #$ go-5
re+#g#o$ ar'!#)e')&re /a( $or0a++" )!e grea)e() #$ a reg#o$5 (o0e)#0e( e2e$
*e))er )!a$ a 1#$g3( a+a'e. D#4ere$) re+#g#o$ !a( -#4ere$) ar'!#)e')&re ()"+e.
9&() *" +oo15 #) 'a$ *e -#()#$g(!e-. Te0+e a$- '!&r'! ar'!#)e')&re #( a+(o a
("0*o+ o, a re+#g#o$. A( re+#g#o$ ()ar)( )o (rea-5 ar'!#)e')&re o, )e0+e( a$-
'!&r'!e( /ere a+(o '!a$g#$g a$- a-a)#$g. W#)! )!e /a" o, )!#$1#$g '!a$ge(5
re+#g#o$ ar'!#)e')&re /a( a+(o '!a$g#$g. Re+#g#o$ #( a+(o )!e rea(o$ )!a)
ar'!#)e')&re &$-er (a0e $a)&re e$2#ro$0e$) #( -#4ere$) ,ro0 ea'! o)!er.
7/25/2019 6 Influences of Architecture
7/73
SOCIAL
So'#a+ e$2#ro$0e$) 'er)a#$+" #$%&e$'e- ar'!#)e')&re -e(#g$. I)
!a( a o(#)#2e #$%&e$'e )!a) ar'!#)e')&re *e'o0e $ea) a$-
)#-". I) a+(o !a( a $ega)#2e #$%&e$'e )!a) +#0#)e- ar'!#)e')&re
-e(#g$. W!e)!er #$ goo- /a" or *a- /a"5 #) #( a ,a')or )!a)
'a$$o) *e #g$ore-. I) #( a$ #$%&e$'e 'o0e( ,ro0 !&0a$
*e#$g3( (o'#e)" a$- +ea-( )o a re(&+) o, !ar0o$" *e)/ee$
eo+e a$- eo+e. H&0a$ +#2e( #$ gro&(5 reg&+ar (!ae( a$-
+#0#)a)#o$ 'er)a#$+" /#++ aear.
7/25/2019 6 Influences of Architecture
8/73
HISTORICAL
Ma$" e2e$)( or )ra-#)#o$( a((e- -o/$ ,ro0 ge$era)#o$ )
ge$era)#o$ !a2e a grea) #0a') o$ ar'!#)e')&re. P+a'e( o
or !o&(e( a++ !a2e -#4ere$) ()"+e( -ee$-#$g o$ )!e )ra-
!#()or" )!a) )oo1 +a'e )!ere.
7/25/2019 6 Influences of Architecture
9/73
EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE
7/25/2019 6 Influences of Architecture
10/73
GEOGRAPHICAL
T!e '#2#+#7a)#o$ o, e2er" 'o&$)r" !a( *ee$ +arge+" -e)er0
geogra!#'a+ 'o$-#)#o$(5 ,or )!e '!ara')er#()#' ,ea)&re( o
#$ /!#'! a$" ra'e -/e++( (!ae )!e#r 0o-e o, +#,e a$- )!&
)!e#r #$)e++e')&a+ '&+)&re.
7/25/2019 6 Influences of Architecture
11/73
Eg") 'o$(#()( o, a (a$-" -e(er) /#)! a ()r# o, ,er)#+e
'o&$)r" o$ )!e *a$1( o, )!e N#+e R#2er. Eg") /a( )!e o$+"
a$'#e$) $a)#o$ )!a) !a- a''e(( )o )!e Me-#)erra$ea$ Sea
a$- )!e Ara*#a$ Sea )!r& )!e Re- Sea. N#+e R#2er /a( o,
grea) a-2a$)age *e'a&(e #) 0a-e -e(er) (a$-( #$)o ,r),&+
8e+-(. I) /a( ,ro0 )!e(e *a$1( )!a) ,ro0 )#0e #00e0or#a+
)!e '#)#e( o, )!e Eg")#a$( /ere $a)&ra++" +a'e-5 )!ere,ore5
are ,o&$- )!e '!#e, re0a#$( o, )!e To0*(5 Te0+e(5 a$-
P"ra0#-(.
7/25/2019 6 Influences of Architecture
12/73
7/25/2019 6 Influences of Architecture
13/73
GEOLOGICAL
I$%&e$'e o$ ar'!#)e')&ra+ ()"+e /!#'! )!e
0a)er#a+( a) !a$- #$ ea'! 'o&$)r" !a- #$ #)(
-e2e+o0e$). T!e $a)&ra+ ro-&')( o, a 'o&$)r"
(&'! a( /oo-5 *r#'15 or ()o$e5 -e)er0#$e )o a
+arge e)e$) #)( ()"+e o, ar).
7/25/2019 6 Influences of Architecture
14/73
I$ Eg")5 )!ere e#()e- a$ a*&$-a$'e o, +#0e()o$e #$ )!e
$or)!5 a$- (a$-()o$e #$ )!e 'e$)ra+ reg#o$5 a$- o, gra$#)e #$
)!e (o&)!. T!#( !ar- a$- +a()#$g *+-#$g 0a)er#a+ +arge+"
#$%&e$'e- )!e ar'!#)e')&re o, )!e 'o&$)r"5 a$- )o #)(
-&ra*+e &a+#)#e( -&e )o )!e ,a') )!a) )!ere are (o 0a$"
re0a#$(. Br#'1( /ere a+(o e0+o"e-5 *&) /ere ge$era++"
,a'e- /#)! (o0e !ar-er 0a)er#a+. Woo- o, a 1#$- ()a*+e
,or *+-#$g /a( $o) a2a#+a*+e ;o$+" (0a++ ,ore()( o, a+0
a$- a'a'#a e#()#$g
7/25/2019 6 Influences of Architecture
15/73
CLIMATE
T!e '+#0a)e #( e&a*+e o, /ar0 )e0era)&re5 ($o/ a$
*e#$g /!o++" &$1$o/$5 /!#+e ()or05 ,og5 a$- e2e$ ra#$
/!#'! a''o&$)( )o a +arge e)e$) ,or goo- re(er2a)#o$
)e0+e(.
7/25/2019 6 Influences of Architecture
16/73
7/25/2019 6 Influences of Architecture
17/73
RELIGION
A '+o(e re+a)#o$ *e)/ee$ re+#g#o$ a$- ar'!#)e')&re #(
0a$#,e()e- e2er"/!ere a) )!#( eo'!. T!e r#e()!oo-
/a( o/er,&+5 o((e((e- o, a+0o() &$+#0#)e- a&)!or#)"5
ee- /#)! a++ )!e +ear$#$g o, age. T!e re+#g#o&( r#)e(
/ere )ra-#)#o$a+5 &$'!a$gea*+e5 a$- 0"()er#o&(. A )#$ge
o, 0"()er" #( o$e o, )!e grea) '!ara')er#()#'( o, Eg")#a$
ar'!#)e')&re a( /e++ a( #)( )o0*( a( #$ #)( )e0+e(.
7/25/2019 6 Influences of Architecture
18/73
I$ )!eor"5 )!e re+#g#o$ /a( 0o$o)!e#()#'5 *&) #$ ra')#'e
#) *e'a0e o+")!e#()#'= a 0&+)#+#'#)" o, go-( /a( 'rea)e-
*" er(o$#,"#$g $a)&ra+ !e$o0e$a5 (&'! a( )!e (&$5
0oo$5 a$- ()ar(5 a( /e++ a( )!e *r&)e 'rea)#o$. T!e
Eg")#a$( /ere ()ro$g *e+#e2er( #$ ,&)&re ()a)e= !e$'e
)!e#r 'are #$ )!e re(er2a)#o$ o, )!e#r -ea-5 a$- )!e
ere')#o$ o, (&'! e2er+a()#$g 0o$&0e$)( a( )!e
P"ra0#-(. Hero-o)&( 0e$)#o$( )!a) )!e -/e++#$g>!o&(e
/a( +oo1e- &o$ )!e0 a( a 0ere )e0orar" +o-g#$g5 )!e
)o0* *e#$g )!e er0a$e$) a*o-e.
7/25/2019 6 Influences of Architecture
19/73
SOCIAL AND POLITICAL
A 2a() o&+a)#o$ /a( a2a#+a*+e ,or e0+o"0e$) o$
&*+#' /or1(5 )!e /or10e$ ro*a*+" re'e#2#$g $o o)!er
a" )!a$ )!e#r ,oo-. T!&( a ()a)e o, '!ea +a*or e#()e-
/!#'! /a( e0#$e$)+" ,a2ora*+e )o )!e ee'&)#o$ o, +arge
a$- #0or)a$) ()r&')&re(. I$ a--#)#o$5 )!ere e#()e- a
'e$)ra+#7e- -e(o)#' go2er$0e$) /!#'!5 er!a( 0ore
)!a) a$" o)!er5 ,a2ore- )!e ee'&)#o$ o, 0o$&0e$)a+
/or1(.
7/25/2019 6 Influences of Architecture
20/73
D&r#$g )!e re#g$ o, Ra0(e( II5 )!e 'a)#2e( a$-
,ore#g$er(5 /!o !a- +arge+" #$'rea(e-5 /ere &) )o
e$,or'e- +a*or &o$ )!e &*+#' /or1(5 a$- #$ )!e
8r() '!a)er o, Eo-&( )!e $a)#2e( are (a#- )o !a2e
2#e/e- /#)! a+ar0 )!e gro/#$g $&0*er( a$- o/er
o, )!e(e ()ra$ger(.
7/25/2019 6 Influences of Architecture
21/73
HISTORICAL Eg")#a$ '#2#+#7a)#o$ #( )!e 0o() a$'#e$) o, a$" o, /!#'!
)!ere #( a '+ear 1$o/+e-ge= #)( !#()or" #( ar)+" -er#2e- ,ro0
Ho+" S'r#)&re( a$- ,ro0 Gree1 a$- Ro0a$ a&)!or(5 *&)
0ore ar)#'&+ar+" ,ro0 )!e Eg")#a$ *+-#$g(5 *" /!#'! #)
'a$ *e )ra'e- ,or 0ore )!a$ ?5@@@ "ear( B.C. T!e P"ra0#-(
are )!o&g!) )o *e a )!o&(a$- "ear( o+-er )!a$ a$" *+-#$g
/!#'! !a( "e) *ee$ -#('o2ere- #$ We()er$ A(#a.
7/25/2019 6 Influences of Architecture
22/73
WETERN ASIATIC ARHITECTURE
7/25/2019 6 Influences of Architecture
23/73
GEOGRAPHICAL
T!e r#$'#a+ a$'#e$) '#)#e( o, We()er$ A(#a /ere (#)&a)e-
2a++e" o, )!e )/#$ r#2er( T#gr#( a$- E&!ra)e(. T!e -#()r#')
o, )!e ear+#e() (ea)( o, '#2#+#7a)#o$5 *e#$g 'e+e*ra)e- ,or #)
,er)#+#)"5 a$- !a( *ee$ ()"+e- /#)! )!e 'ra-+e a$- )o0* o,
a$- e0#re(.
7/25/2019 6 Influences of Architecture
24/73
7/25/2019 6 Influences of Architecture
25/73
7/25/2019 6 Influences of Architecture
26/73
A( a 'e0e$)#$g 0a)er#a+5 *#)&0e$ or #)'!5 a+#e- #$ a
!ea)e- ()a)e5 (ee0( )o !a2e *ee$ &(e-5 *e#$g o*)a#$e-
,ro0 *#)&0e$ (r#$g( ,o&$- #$ )!e -#()r#')5 a( a) I(5 o$
)!e E&!ra)e(. Mor)ar5 0a-e o, 'a+'areo&( ear)!5 /a(
&(e- #$ )!e +a)e() er#o-(. I$ A(("r#a5 /!ere ()o$e /a(
$o) ('ar'e5 )!e /a++( /ere a+(o ,a'e(5 #$)er$a++" a$-
e)er$a++"5 /#)! a+a*a()er or +#0e()o$e (+a*(5 o$ /!#'!
/ere 'ar2e- )!e *a(>re+#e,( or #$('r#)#o$(5 /!#'! are (o
#0or)a$) ,ro0 a$ !#()or#'a+ o#$) o, 2#e/.
7/25/2019 6 Influences of Architecture
27/73
CLIMATE
T!e &$!ea+)!" e!a+a)#o$( ,ro0 )!e 2a() (/a0( #$
C!a+-aea5 a$- )!e (/ar0( o, aggre((#2e a$- 2e$o0o&(
#$(e')( #$,e()#$g )!e e$)#re reg#o$ -&r#$g )!e +o$g (&00er5
re$-ere- )!e 'o$()r&')#o$ o, e+e2a)e- +a),or0( ,or )!e
)o/$( a$- +a'e( $o) o$+" -e(#ra*+e5 *&) a+0o() e((e$)#a+.
Moreo2er5 )!e %oo-( -&r#$g )!e ra#$" (ea(o$5 /!e$ )orre$)(
,e++ ,or /ee1( a) a )#0e5 ,&r)!er -e0a$-e- )!e $ee- ,or
(&'! ()r&')&re(.
7/25/2019 6 Influences of Architecture
28/73
Per(#a #( ,or )!e 0o() ar) a !#g! )a*+e+a$- a$- !a( *ee$ -e('
'o&$)r" o, (&$(!#$e5 gar-e$(5 a$- -e(er)(5 /#)! a '+#0a)e ra$g
e)re0e( o, !ea) a$- 'o+-.
7/25/2019 6 Influences of Architecture
29/73
RELIGION
T!e eo+e /ere /or(!#er( o, )!e !ea2e$+" *o-#e(5 (&'! a( )!e
0oo$5 a$- o, )!e o/er( o, $a)&re5 (&'! a( )!e /#$- a$- )!&$-e
o0e$ )a*+e)( !a2e (&r2#2e-5 a$- *ear /#)$e(( )o )!e e)re0e (&
/!#'! e#()e-. Or0&7-5 )!e go- o, +#g!) a$- o, goo-5 a( oo(e-
)!e go- o, -ar1$e(( a$- e2#+5 /a( /or(!#e- /#)! 8re a( !#( ("0
7/25/2019 6 Influences of Architecture
30/73
Te0+e(5 a$- e2e$ #0age(5 -o $o) (ee0 )o !a2e *ee$
$e'e((ar"5 a( (a'r#8'e( a$- )!e /or(!# o, 8re a$- (&$
aear )o !a2e 'o$-&')e- #$ )!e oe$ a#r5 a$- )!&( )!e
e((e$)#a+ ()#0&+&( /a( /a$)#$g ,or )!e r#(e a$-
-e2e+o0e$) o, re+#g#o&( ar). O$ )!e o)!er !a$-5 )!e
0a$>!ea-e- *&++(5 +a'e- a) )!e e$)ra$'e( o, )e0+e(
a$- a+a'e(5 ro*a*+" !a- 0")!#'a+ 0ea$#$g5 a$-
aear )o *e+o$g )o )!e '+a(( o, *e$e8'e$) ge$## or )o
)!a) o, )!e grea) -e#)#e( o, )!e C!a+-aea$ a$)!eo$.
7/25/2019 6 Influences of Architecture
31/73
SOCIAL AND POLITICAL9&-g#$g ,ro0 )!e#r !#()or"5 )!e A(("r#a$( /ere ()&r-"5 /ar+#1e5
*&) 'r&e+ eo+e5 a$- #$ )!e#r *a))+e( )!e 'o$&er#$g 0o$ar'!(
)oo1 )!o&(a$-( o, r#(o$er(5 /!o /ere e0+o"e- #$ ra#(#$g )!e
e$or0o&( 0o&$-( 0e$)#o$e- !erea,)er. I) !a( *ee$ 'a+'&+a)e-
*" Ra/+#$(o$ )!a) )!e ere')#o$ o, )!e grea) +a),or0 or 0o&$-
o, o"&$#1 &o$ /!#'! )!e *+-#$g( o, N#$e2e! ()oo-
/o&+- rere )!e &$#)e- eer)#o$( o, @5@@@ 0e$ ,or )/e+2e
"ear(5 a,)er /!#'! )!e a+a'e( /o&+- !a2e )o *e *+).
7/25/2019 6 Influences of Architecture
32/73
T!e A(("r#a$ ('&+)&re( )e++ o, )!e 0#+#)ar" '!ara')er -&r#$g
)!e )#0e. Pa+a'e /a++( -e'ora)e- /#)! a (er#e( o,
#$('r#)#o$( a$- #0age( -e#')#$g (&''ee-e- *a))+e( *"
0o$ar'!( )!&( e+a#$#$g )!e o+#)#'a+ e2e$)( #$ a +a()#$g
0a$$er. Per(#a$ a()ro$o0er>oe)5 O0ar !a""a05 #$ !#(
/r#)#$g(5 #$-#'a)e( )!e $a)#o$a+ +o2e o, *ea&)" a$- )!e
#$%&e$'e eer)e- *" )!e e$2#ro$0e$) a$- '+#0a)e.
7/25/2019 6 Influences of Architecture
33/73
HISTORICAL?@@ B.C>Ea$$a-&
Ear+#e() Ba*"+o$#a$ 1#$g. Fo&$-e- a$ e0#re e)e$-e- $or)!/ar-(
,o++o/#$g )!e r#2er T#gr#(>I$ @@ B.C5 A(("r#a5 )!e $or)!er$ ar) o, )!e ear+" Ba*"+o$#a$ e0#re5a((er)e- !er #$-ee$-e$'e a$- *e'a0e )!e grea) o/er o, We()er$A(#a.
Sargo$ ;>@ B.C.T!e -e()r&')#o$ o, N#$e2e! )oo1 +a'e #$ 6@J B.C. a$- A(("r#a /a(-#2#-e- a0o$g #)( 'o$&eror(.
T!e re#g$( o, Dar#&( are #0or)a$) a( *e#$g )!o(e #$ /!#'!
7/25/2019 6 Influences of Architecture
34/73
g g
(o0e o, )!e 0o() #$)ere()#$g a+a'e( /ere ere')e- a( S&(a
a$- Per(eo+#(. Ba*"+o$ re0a#$e- &$-er )!e r&+e o, )!e
Per(#a$( &$)#+ )!e )#0e o, A+ea$-er )!e Grea). T!e
'o$&e() o, Eg") *" Ca0*"(e(5 B.C.5 a$- )!e -a77+#$g
#0re((#o$ +e,) *" )!e 0ar2e+o&( *+-#$g( o, Me0!#( a$-
T!e*e(5 'a&(e- )!e -e2e+o0e$) o, )!e &(e o, )!e 'o+&0$
a0o$g Per(#a$(. To/ar-( )!e '+o(e o, )!e )e$)! 'e$)&r"5 )!e
T&r1(5 *ar*aro&( eo+e o&r#$g #$ ,ro0 )!e ea(). Se))+e- #$
)!e 'o&$)r"5 /!#'! #( a) )!e re(e$) 0o0e$) #$ a -e(o+a)e
7/25/2019 6 Influences of Architecture
35/73
GREEK ARCHITECTURE
7/25/2019 6 Influences of Architecture
36/73
GEOGRAPHICAL Gree'e #( a 'o&$)r" (&rro&$-e- o$ )!ree (#-e( *" )!e (ea5
o((e((e- o, 0a$" $a)&ra+ !ar*o&r( 5 a$- 'o$2e$#e$) ,or )!e
-e2e+o0e$) o, )ra-e. B" 0ea$( o, )!e(e !a2e$(5 )!e
P!oe$#'#a$ 0er'!a$)( #$ ear+" )#0e( 'arr#e- o$ 'o00er'e /#)!
)!e 'o&$)r". T!e #$%&e$'e o, )!e (ea #$ ,o()er#$g $a)#o$a+
a')#2#)" (!o&+- $o) *e ,orgo))e$ #$ a$ #$%&e$'e )o /!#'!
Grea) Br#)a#$ o/e( !er re(e$) o(#)#o$.
7/25/2019 6 Influences of Architecture
37/73
Aga#$5 )!e 0o&$)a#$o&( '!ara')er o, )!e 'o&$)r"5 /#)! ('ar'e+"
a roa- &$)#+ Ro0a$ )#0e(5 /a( 'a+'&+a)e- )o #(o+a)e )!e
#$!a*#)a$)( #$)o (0a++ gro&(5 a$- )oge)!er /#)! )!e )e0)#$g
ro#0#)" o, a /!o+e 0&+)#)&-e o, #(+a$-(5 /a( #$()r&0e$)a+ #$
ro-&'#$g !ar-" a$- a-2e$)&ro&( eo+e5 /!o 0#g!) *e
ee')e- )o 0a1e goo- 'o+o$#()(.
7/25/2019 6 Influences of Architecture
38/73
GEOLOGICAL I$ Gree'e5 )!e r#$'#a+ 0#$era+ ro-&') /a( 0ar*+e5 )!e 0o()
0o$&0e$)a+ *+-#$g 0a)er#a+ #$ e#()e$'e5 a$- o$e ,a2or(
&r#)" o, +#$e a$- re8$e0e$) #$ -e)a#+. T!#( 0a)er#a+ #( ,o&$- #$
grea) a*&$-a$'e #$ 2ar#o&( ar)( o, Gree'e5 e.g.5 #$ )!e
0o&$)a#$( o, H"0e))&( a$- Pe$)e+#'&(5 a ,e/ 0#+e( ,ro0
A)!e$(5 a$- #$ )!e #(+a$-( o, Paro( a$- Nao3(.
7/25/2019 6 Influences of Architecture
39/73
I$ )!e e4or) )o o*)a#$ re8$e0e$) o, +#$e a$- (0oo)!$e(( o,
(&r,a'e /!ere 'r&-e *r#'1( /ere &(e-5 )!e" /ere #$ 0a$"
'a(e( 'oa)e- /#)! a 8$e 'e0e$) ,or0e- o, 0ar*+e -&() a$-
+#0e= /!ere ()o$e /a( e0+o"e-5 a( a) Pae()&0 a$-
e+(e/!ere5 #) aear( a+(o )o !a2e *ee$ 'oa)e- /#)! )!#(
0ar*+e 'e0e$)5 /!#+e 0ar*+e #)(e+, /a( o,)e$ )rea)e- #$ )!e
(a0e /a"5 )!e 'e0e$) *e#$g (&('e)#*+e o, a !#g!er o+#(!
)!a$ )!e &$'e0e$)e- (&r,a'e. T!e 'o&$)r" /a( a+(o r#'! #$
(#+2er5 'oer5 a$- #ro$.
C
7/25/2019 6 Influences of Architecture
40/73
CLIMATE T!e '+#0a)e o, Gree'e #( re0ar1a*+e ,or )!e !o) (&$ a$- )!e
!ea2" ra#$(5 ,a')or( ro*a*+" a$(/era*+e ,or )!e or)#'o(
/!#'! /ere #0or)a$) ,ea)&re( o, )!e )e0+e(. Gree'e e$o"e-
a o(#)#o$ #$)er0e-#a)e *e)/ee$ r#goro&( (&rro&$-#$g( o, )!e
Nor)!er$ $a)#o$( a$- )!e re+a#$g 'o$-#)#o$( o, Ea()er$ +#,e.
RELIGION
7/25/2019 6 Influences of Architecture
41/73
RELIGION T!e Gree1 re+#g#o$ /a( #$ )!e 0a#$ a /or(!# o, $a)&ra+
!e$o0e$a5 o, /!#'! )!e go-( /ere er(o$#8'a)#o$(. T!ere
are5 !o/e2er5 $&0ero&( )ra'e( o, a$'e()or>/or(!#5 ,e)#(!#(05
a$- o)!er r#0#)#2e ,or0( o, re+#g#o$. I) (!o&+- *e *or$e #$
0#$- )!a) Gree1 '&+)( /ere a+/a"( +o'a+5 ea'! )o/$ or -#()r#')
!a2#$g #)( o/$ -#2#$#)#e(5 'ere0o$#e(5 a$- )ra-#)#o$(.
7/25/2019 6 Influences of Architecture
42/73
T!e r#e()( !a- )o er,or0 )!e#r ao#$)e- r#g!)(5 *&) /ere
$o) a$ e'+&(#2e '+a((5 a$- o,)e$ (er2e- o$+" ,or a er#o-5
re)#r#$g a,)er/ar-( #$)o r#2a)e +#,e.
SOCIAL AND POLITICAL
7/25/2019 6 Influences of Architecture
43/73
SOCIAL AND POLITICAL Dor#a$ Sar)a a$- Io$#a$ A)!e$( are )!e )/o r#$'#a+ ,a')or(
#$ )!e -ra0a o, Gree'e. I) /a( $o) )#++ (o0e @@ "ear( a,)er )!e
,a++ o, Tro" )!a) )!e $e/ He++e$#' '#2#+#7a)#o$ /a( e2#$'e- #$ )!e
'o$()r&')#o$ o, )!e Te0+e o, Cor#$)! ;6@ B.C.
7/25/2019 6 Influences of Architecture
44/73
T!e Gree1(5 a( a+rea-" #$-#'a)e-5 /ere grea) 'o+o$#()(. I)
/#++ )!ere,ore *e ,o&$- )!a) 0a$" o, )!e #0or)a$) *+-#$g(
o, Gree1 ar'!#)e')&re5 e(e'#a++" #$ Io$#' ()"+e5 are #$ )!e#r
'o+o$#e( o, A(#a M#$or5 a$- )!a) )!#( 'o$$e')#o$ /#)! )!e
Ea() !a- (o0e #$%&e$'e &o$ )!e#r ar'!#)e')&re.
HISTORICAL
7/25/2019 6 Influences of Architecture
45/73
HISTORICAL T!e oe0( o, Ho0er5 aare$)+" a Pe+a(g#' *ar- /!o (a$g
,or A'!aea$ 0a()er(5 g#2e a #')&re o, Gree1 +#,e a*o&) )!e
)/e+,)! 'e$)&r" B.C. W!e)!er or $o) )!e /ar /#)! Tro" *e a$
a')&a+ ,a')5 )!e #$'#-e$)( re+a)e- !a2e a (&*()ra$)&0 o,
)r&)!5 a$- )!e )a+e ro*a*+" aro(e o&) o, )!e ear+" 'o$%#')(
o, )!e Gree1( #$ $or)!>/e() A(#a. T!e He(#o-#' oe0(5
-e#') )!e g+oo0" ro(e')( a$- (or-#- +#,e o, Boeo)#a$
ea(a$)r" a) )!e )#0e /!e$ ar) /a( a+0o() a*e"a$'e.
7/25/2019 6 Influences of Architecture
46/73
Ma$" *a))+e( !a2e o''&rre-5 o$e o, /!#'! #$2o+2e- )!e
*a))+e o, Mara)!o$ /o$ *" )!e Gree1( o2er Per(#a5 a$-
0a$" 0ore. I$ Gree'e #)(e+, )!e ,or0a)#o$ o, +eag&e(
*e)/ee$ '#)#e( /a( a))e0)e-= *&) )!e Ro0a$ #$)er,ere$'e
!a- 'o00e$'e-5 a$- gra-&a++" #$'rea(e- &$)#+ #$ ?6 B.C.
Gree'e *e'a0e a Ro0a$ ro2#$'e. T!e #(o+a)#o$ a$-
0&)&a+ a$#0o(#)" o, )!e Gree1 'o00&$#)#e( a4or-e- a++ )oo
goo- o, a$ oor)&$#)" ,or )!e #$)r&(#o$ o, )!e *e))er>
'e$)ra+#7e- a$- 0ore &$#)e- o/er o, Ro0e.
7/25/2019 6 Influences of Architecture
47/73
ROMAN ARCHITECTURE
GEOGRAPHICAL
7/25/2019 6 Influences of Architecture
48/73
GEOGRAPHICAL
I)a+"5 a+)!o&g! a +o$g a$- $arro/ e$#$(&+a5 #( $o) $ear+" (o
0&'! *ro1e$ & #$)o *a"(5 or $a)&ra+ !ar*o&r(5 a( )!e
(!ore+#$e o, Gree'e5 $e#)!er are )!ere (o 0a$" #(+a$-( ()&--e-
a+o$g #)( 'oa()(. Aga#$5 a+)!o&g! 0a$" ar)( o, I)a+" are
0o&$)a#$o&( "e) )!e /!o+e +a$- #( $o) -#2#-e- & #$)o +#))+e
2a++e"( #$ )!e (a0e /a" a( )!e grea)er ar) o, Gree'e.
7/25/2019 6 Influences of Architecture
49/73
GEOLOGICAL
7/25/2019 6 Influences of Architecture
50/73
GEOLOGICAL
T!e geo+og#'a+ ,or0a)#o$ o, I)a+" -#4er( ,ro0 )!a) o, Gree'e5
/!ere )!e '!#e, a$- a+0o() o$+" 0a)er#a+ #( 0ar*+e. I$ I)a+"5
0ar*+e5 )erra>'o))a5 ()o$e5 a$- *r#'1 /ere +arge+" &(e- e2e$
,or )!e 0ore #0or)a$) *+-#$g(. I$ Ro0e5 Tra2er)#$e5 T##,a5
a$- Peer#$o /ere )!e *+-#$g 0a)er#a+( a) !a$-. Be(#-e(
)!e(e5 La2a a$- Po77o+a$a5 -er#2e- ,ro0 2o+'a$#' er&)#o$(5
a$- e'e++e$) (a$ a$- gra2e+ /ere +e$)#,&+. Po77o+a$a
'o$)r#*&)e- gea)+" )o )!e -&ra*#+#)" o, )!e#r ar'!#)e')&re.
CLIMATE
7/25/2019 6 Influences of Architecture
51/73
CLIMATE
T!e $or)! !a( )!e '+#0a)e o, )!e )e0era)e reg#o$ o, )!e 'o$)#$e
'e$)ra+ I)a+" #( 0ore ge$#a+ a$- (&$$"= /!#+e )!e So&)! #( a+0o() )
RELIGION
7/25/2019 6 Influences of Architecture
52/73
RELIGION T!e !ea)!e$ re+#g#o$ o, a$'#e$) Ro0e *e#$g +oo1e- &o$ a(
ar) o, )!e 'o$()#)&)#o$ o, )!e ()a)e5 )!e /or(!# o, )!e go-(
'a0e e2e$)&a++" )o *e 1e) & o$+" a( a 0a))er o, ()a)e o+#'".
T!e e0eror )!e$ re'e#2e- -#2#$e !o$or(5 a$- 0a" a+0o() *e
-e('r#*e- a( )!e +ea-er o, )!e Pa$)!eo$ o, -e#)#e( e0*ra'e-
*" )!e )o+era$) a$- /#-e>(rea-#$g Ro0a$ r&+e. OK'#a+#(0
)!ere,ore $a)&ra++" ()a0e- #)( '!ara')er o$ )!e )e0+e
ar'!#)e')&re.
SOCIAL AND POLITICAL
7/25/2019 6 Influences of Architecture
53/73
SOCIAL AND POLITICAL I$ ear+" )#0e(5 )!ree '!#e, $a)#o$( -/e+) #$ )!e e$#$(&+a. I$ )!e
'e$)ra+ or)#o$ ;or E)r&r#a< +#2e- )!e E)r&('a$(5 ro*a*+" Ar"a$
eo+e5 /!o aear )o !a2e (e))+e- #$ I)a+" *e,ore a&)!e$)#' !#()or"
*eg#$(5 a$- /!o /ere grea) *+-er(. I$ )!e (o&)!5 )!e Gree1( !a-
+a$)e- 0a$" 'o+o$#e(5 /!#'! /ere #$'+&-e- #$ )!e $a0e o, Mag$a
Grae'#a. T!e re0a#$-er o, I)a+" ;e'+&(#2e o, C#(a+#$e Ga&+< /a(
o''e- *" )r#*e( o, )!e (a0e Ar"a$ ra'e a( )!e Gree1(5 a$- )!e
'o00o$ ,ore,a)!er( o, *o)! 0&() !a2e ()a"e- )oge)!er a,)er )!e"
(eara)e- ,ro0 )!e ,ore,a)!er( o, )!e Ce+)(5 Te&)o$( a$- o)!er(.
7/25/2019 6 Influences of Architecture
54/73
T!e go2er$0e$) o, Ro0e /a( a4e')e- 8r()+" *" '!o(e$
1#$g(5 a#-e- *" a (e$a)or a$- o&+ar a((e0*+"5 *&) a*o&)
@@ B.C. #) *e'a0e Re&*+#'a$5 a$- &$-er A&g&()&( Cae(ar
#$ B.C. )!e e0#re or#g#$a)e-. T!e B+-#$g A')( o,
A&g&()&(5 Nero5 a$- Traa$ !a- 'o$(#-era*+e #$%&e$'e o$
)!e -e2e+o0e$) #$ Ro0e.
HISTORICAL
7/25/2019 6 Influences of Architecture
55/73
HISTORICAL
T!e ,o&$-a)#o$ o, Ro0e #( o, &$'er)a#$ -a)e5 *&) #( ge$era++"
)a1e$ a) @ B.C. T!e Re&*+#' e$gage- #$ 0a$" /ar(5
'o$&er#$g 0a$" E)r&('a$ '#)#e(5 *&) /a( -e,ea)e- #$ J@
B.C.5 a) )!e !a$-( o, )!e Ga&+(5 /!o 'o$)#$&e- ,or (o0e )#0e
)o !o+- )!e $or)!er$ ar) o, I)a+". A*o&) ? B.C. *ega$ )!e
Ro0a$ 'o$&e() o, I)a+"5 /!#'! /a( e4e')e- #$ a*o&) (#)"
"ear(5 a$- re(&+)e- #$ )!e -o0#$#o$ o, '#)" a,)er '#)".
7/25/2019 6 Influences of Architecture
56/73
T!e$ 'a0e )!e P&$#' /ar( a$- 0a$" /ar( a,)er )!a)5 -&e )o
)!#( ar'!#)e')&re ,e++ #$)o 'o0+e)e -e'a" &$)#+ )!e 2#goro&(
e4or)( o, Co$()a$)#$e ;@6> A.D.< -#- (o0e)!#$g ,or #)(
re2#2a+5 /!#'! #$ +arge 0ea(&re /a( a+(o -&e )o a $e/
,or'e5 C!r#()#a$#)"5 /!#'! !a- *ee$ gro/#$g & a$- re'e#2e-
oK'#a+ re'og$#)#o$ &$-er )!#( e0eror.
7/25/2019 6 Influences of Architecture
57/73
EARLY CHRISTIAN ARCHITECTU
GEOGRAPHICAL
7/25/2019 6 Influences of Architecture
58/73
GEOGRAPHICAL
T!e o(#)#o$ o, Ro0e a( )!e 'e$)er o, a /or+->/#-e e0#re /a( a$ #0
,a')or5 A++ roa-( +ea- )o Ro0e5 a$- C!r#()#a$#)"5 )o *e'o0e &$#2er(
gro/ & a) )!e 'a#)a+5 !o/e2er ea()er$ #)( *#r)!+a'e. Ra2e$$a5 (&*
9&()#$#a$ #$ A.D.5 /a( )!e 'o$$e')#$g +#$1 o, )!e ear+" C!r#()#a$ a
()"+e(.
GEOLOGICAL
7/25/2019 6 Influences of Architecture
59/73
GEOLOGICAL
T!e &arr" o, )!e r$( o, Ro0a$ *+-#$g( #$%&e$'e- )!e ar'!#)e')&
o, )!e ()"+e5 *o)! #$ regar- )o 'o$()r&')#o$ a$- -e'ora)#o$5 a( 'o+&0
ar'!#)e')&ra+ ,ea)&re( a$- 0ar*+e( ,ro0 o+-er *+-#$g( /ere /or1e-
-e(#g$ o, )!e $e/ *a(#+#'a$ '!&r'!e( o, )!e C!r#()#a$(.
CLIMATE
7/25/2019 6 Influences of Architecture
60/73
CLIMATE
T!e $or)! !a( )!e '+#0a)e o, )!e )e0era)e reg#o$ o, )!e 'o$)#$e
'e$)ra+ I)a+" #( 0ore ge$#a+ a$- (&$$"= /!#+e )!e So&)! #( a+0o() )
RELIGION
7/25/2019 6 Influences of Architecture
61/73
RELIGION H#()or" re(e$)( $o !e$o0e$o$ (o ()r#1#$g a( )!e r#(e o,
C!r#()#a$#)"5 /!#'! (rea- (o ra#-+" )!a) #$ a 2er" (!or) er#o-
*#) /a( -#4&(e- )!ro&g!o&) )!e /or+-. I$ A.D.5 Co$()a$)#$e
#((&e- !#( 'e+e*ra)e- -e'ree ,ro0 M#+a$5 a''or-#$g )o
C!r#()#a$#)" e&a+ r#g!)( /#)! a++ o)!er re+#g#o$(5 a$- #$
A.D. !e !#0(e+, ro,e((e- C!r#()#a$#)"5 /!#'! )!e$ *e'a0e )!e
e()a*+#(!e- re+#g#o$ o, )!e Ro0a$ E0#re. C!r#()#a$( /ere $o/
a*+e )o !o+- )!e#r (er2#'e( oe$+" a$- ,ree+".
7/25/2019 6 Influences of Architecture
62/73
T!e Co&$'#+ o, N#'e5 A.D.5 'a++e- *" Co$()a$)#$e5 /a(
)!e 8r() o, (e2era+ Co&$'#+( o, )!e C!&r'! ,or )!e (e))+e0e$)
o, -#(&)e( a*o&) !ere(#e(. A )e0orar" rea')#o$ )oo1 +a'e
#$ 6@>6 A.D.5 &$-er 9&+#a$5 1$o/$ a( Ao()a)e. Gregor"
)!e Grea) ;J@>6@?
7/25/2019 6 Influences of Architecture
63/73
SOCIAL AND POLITICAL
O$ '!a$g#$g )!e 'a#)a+ o, )!e e0#re ,ro0 Ro0e )o
B"7a$)#&0 #$ ? A.D.5 Co$()a)#$e ra')#'a++" re#g$e- a( a$
a*(o+&)e 0o$ar'! &$)#+ !#( -ea)! #$ A.D.5 )!e o+- Ro0a$
o+#)#'a+ ("()e0 'o0#$g )o a$ e$-. T!e -#2#(#o$ o, )!e Ro0a$
e0#re 8r() )oo1 +a'e #$ 6? A.D.5 Va+e$)#a$ *e#$g e0eror o,
)!e We() a$- !#( *ro)!er Va+e$( o, )!e Ea(). T!e e0#re /a(
re&$#)e- /#)! Ze$o re#g$#$g a) Co$()a$)#$o+e o2er Ea()er$
a$- We()er$ e0#re(.
T!eo-or#' )!e Go)! re#g$e- #$ I)a+"5 ?J>6 A.D.5 a er#o- o,
7/25/2019 6 Influences of Architecture
64/73
ea'e a$- ro(er#)"5 #$ /!#(! B"7a$)#$e ar) #$%&e$'e-
C!r#()#a$ ar) *" /a" o, Ra2e$$a5 /!#'!0 ,ro0 ?J>5 /a(
)!e 'a#)a+ o, )!e Go)!#' -"$a()". #$g( o, (eara)e ()a)e(
/ere )!e$ e+e')e- #$ I)a+"5 Sa#$5 Ga&+5 a$- Nor)!er$ A,r#'a.
O-oa'er a( )!e $e/ 1#$g o, I)a+"5 re'og$#7#$g )!e (&re0a'"
o, )!e o$e Ro0a$ e0eror a) Co$()a$)#$o+e. Fro0 )!e Ro0a$
or 'o00o$ (ee'! (e2era+ o, )!e '!#e, +a$g&age( o, 0o-er$
E&roe aro(e5 a$- #$ 'o$(e&e$'e are 'a++e- Ro0a$'e
+a$g&age(.
HISTORICAL
7/25/2019 6 Influences of Architecture
65/73
T!e Ear+" C!r#()#a$ er#o- ge$era++" )a1e$ a( +a()#$g ,ro0 Co$()a$)#$
Gregor" )!e Grea)5 or ,ro0 @@>6@? A.D. T!e Te&)o$#' #$2a(#o$( o, I)
'o00e$'e- a*o&) 6 A.D.5 a$- Te&)o$#' (e))+e0e$)( )oo1 +a'e /#
e0#re a*o&) )!#( )#0e5 )!e(e 0o2e0e$)( *e#$g 'a&(e- *" )!e #$'&r
H&$( #$)o Ger0a$".
7/25/2019 6 Influences of Architecture
66/73
D&r#$g )!e re#g$ o, Gregor" )!e Grea) ;J@>6@? A.D.< )!e La)#$
+a$g&age a$- Ear+" C!r#()#a$ ar'!#)e')&re5 )!e +a)e() !a(e o,
Ro0a$ ar)5 'ea(e- )o e#()5 a$- ,or )!e $e) )/o 'e$)&r#e(
ar'!#)e')&re /a( ra')#'a++" a) a ()a$-()#++ #$ E&roe5 /!e$ )!e
o+- Ro0a$ )ra-#)#o$( /ere )o a grea) e)e$) )!ro/$ a(#-e5 a$-
Ro0a$e(&e ar'!#)e')&re /a( gra-&a++" e2o+2e-.
7/25/2019 6 Influences of Architecture
67/73
ENGLISH ARCHITECTURE
GEOGRAPHICAL
7/25/2019 6 Influences of Architecture
68/73
E$g+a$- 0a" *e a$ #(+a$- /#)! $a)&ra+ !ar*or(5 a$- +"#$g
oo(#)e )!e r#'! o&+o&( +a#$( o, E&roe5 o/e- 0&'! o,
#)( -e2e+o0e$) )o )!e #$)er'o&r(e a4e')e- *" !er (!#(.
I(o+a)#o$ *" )!e (ea !a- )/o a+)er$a)#$g #$%&e$'e( ,or #) !a(
a((#()e- #$ )!e -e2e+o0e$) o, &re+" $a)#o$a+
'!ara')er#()#'(5 a$- *" g#2#$g r#(e )o a$ #$'&ra*+e !a*#) o,
)ra2e++#$g5 !a( +e- )o )!e #0or)a)#o$ o, 'o$)#$e$)a+ #-ea( #$
ar'!#)e')&re.
GEOLOGICAL
7/25/2019 6 Influences of Architecture
69/73
T!e geo+og" o, )!e 'o&$)r" #(5 #$ (o0e /a"5 re(o$(#*+e ,or )!e
(e'#a+ '!ara')er o, )!e *+-#$g( #$ -#4ere$) ar)( o, E$g+a$-.
Gra$#)e( ,ro0 Cor$/a++ a$- De2o$(!#re5 L#0e()o$e( o,
Por)+a$-. Cae$ ()o$e #$ Nor0a$-" /ere &(e-. Br#'1/or1 /a(
a+(o &(e-5 #$ '!a+1 -#()r#')( )!e '!ara')er#()#' %#$) /or1 o,
Nor,o+15 S&4o+15 a$- ar)( o, )!e (o&)! 'oa() g#2e (e'#a+
'!ara')er )o )!e ar'!#)e')&re. Terra>'o))a /a( a+(o e0+o"e-
a$- /!ere ,ore()( a4or-e- a*&$-a$) 0a)er#a+5 !a+,>+#0*ere-
!o&(e( /ere ere')e-.
CLIMATE
7/25/2019 6 Influences of Architecture
70/73
T!e '+#0a)e #( 'oo+5 )e0era)e5 0#+-5 a$- 0o#()5 a$- #(
a-a)e- ,or a+0o() 'o$)#$&o&( /or15 -&r#$g e2er" (ea(o$5
*&) 'o+-5 -a05 a$- !#g! /#$-( /#)! 0&'! ra#$ $e'e((#)a)e
'o$()a$) ,ore)!o&g!) #$ *+-#$g )o e'+&-e )!e /ea)!er.
T!e -ee or'!e( a$- (0a++ e$)ra$'e( o, E$g+#(! 'a)!e-ra+(
are #$ 'o$)ra() /#)! 'o$)#$e$)a+ e$)ra$'e(5 a$- are -#re')+"
#$%&e$'e- *" )!e '+#0a)e.
RELIGION
7/25/2019 6 Influences of Architecture
71/73
T!e -#()#$')#o$ *e)/ee$ )!e reg&+ar a$- (e'&+ar '+erg" /a(
,&++" e()a*+#(!e-5 a$- )!e -#4ere$) or-er( o, 0o$1( !a-
'o0e #$)o e#()e$'e5 )!e#r *+-#$g( e!#*#)#$g
'!ara')er#()#' o#$)( o, -#4ere$'e. Ma$" 'a)!e-ra+( ,or0e-
ar) o, 0o$a()#' ,o&$-a)#o$( /!#'! a''o&$)( ,or
e'&+#ar#)#e( -#4ere$)#a)#$g )!e0 ,or0 Fre$'! ea0+e(.
T!e -#((o+&)#o$ o, 0o$a()er#e( #$ )!e re#g$ o, He$r" VIII
ro2#-e- ,&$-( ,or )!e ere')#o$ o, $e/ 0a$(#o$(.
SOCIAL AND POLITICAL
7/25/2019 6 Influences of Architecture
72/73
Br#)a#$5 a( a Ro0a$ 'o+o$". Wa( -#2#-e- #$)o 82e ro2#$'e(5 a$- )
/a( 0a-e #$ agr#'&+)&re5 *+-#$g5 a$- 0#$#$g5 )!e Ro0a$ -re(( a
+a$g&age *e#$g a-o)e- *" Br#)#(! !#g!er '+a((.
HISTORICAL
7/25/2019 6 Influences of Architecture
73/73
Ma$" !#()or#'a+ e2e$)( #$ E$g+a$- +ea- )o )
Re$a#((a$'e 0o2e0e$). So0e o, /!#'! #$' ?@>@. De()r&')#o$ o, Br#)#(! '!&r'!e( *"
!ea)!e$ #$2a-er(.
@J>?. T!e Cr&(a-e(5 a#-e- )!e ,or0a
)!e grea) &$#2er(#)#e(.
a$- 0a$" 0ore.