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Impulse Ventilation for Car ParksA Practical Guide for Selection & Application
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Why Should We Consider The Use of
Impulse/Induction Ventilation?
Capital cost savings can be found through reduced car
park height and less site excavation.
Slab penetrations can be reduced. Less, or no need for
plant rooms, ducting and plenums, allowing more space
for parking etc.
The car park is too large to ventilate naturally.
More effective dilution of contaminants within car park
environment than required by the Standards.
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Typical Ducted System Installation
32 min., +60m visibility
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32 min., +60m visibility
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32 min., +60m visibility
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32 min., +60m visibility
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Typical Impulse Fan Installation
32 min., +60m visibility
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So What Is Impulse/Induction
Ventilation? The use of Jet fans to
move and to mix the airwithin an entire space.
Pollutants are efficientlydiluted throughout the
entire volume or space.
Fresh air is introducedand exhaust air removedfor closed car parks vianatural or mechanical
means.
No ductwork network forsupply & exhaust air.
Conventional ducted system
Impulse system
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How Does An Impulse/Induction
System Work?
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Examples of Impulse/Induction fan
Installations
Axial
Centrifugal
Multi-
Flow
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Impulse/Induction Ventilation
Schemes
There Are Three Arrangements That We Can Use:
Linear Flow
Circular mixing / flow
Assisted natural flow / augmented (part) ductedsystem
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Linear Flow
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Circular Mixing
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Assisted System
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Fan Arrangement - Best Practice
Fans Discharge Parallel To Beams Fans Discharge Perpendicular To
Most Effective Beams Less Effective
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Watch Out For Obstructions
Obstruction Too Close Obstruction Out Of The Way
Always ensure that best practice is followed with respect
to site coordination between trades to avoid unnecessaryclashes between fans, pipe work, signage and any otherobstructions.
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Examples of Clashing Between
Services
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Fan Sizing and Quantities
Based on 5N per 100m2 floor area, minimum total fan thrust = car park floor area x 5N/100m2
= 1920m2 x 5N/100m2
= 96N
Minimum thrust criteria can be achieved with 4 x JISU-CPC-50N fans on low speed (operating thrust 25N),
total fan thrust= 25N x 4= 100N
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Thrust Ratings & Throw Distance
Fan spacings are recommended guidelines for
fans in series
Maximum coverage relate to distances from fan
where air speed >1m/s
Width of coverage taken to be 20m Generically
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Thrust Rating Vs Noise Levels
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Axial Impulse FanMax. Thrust 50N (High Speed) 12N (Low Speed)
(Based upon JVU-CPA-400, 400 dia. 2/4pole motor,
423mm height).
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Centrifugal Induction FanThrust 100N (High Speed) 50N (Low Speed)
(Based upon JISU-CPC-100N with VSD, 320mm height).
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Overhead Height Requirements
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Overhead Height Requirements
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Overhead Height Requirements
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Control Options
Jet Fans suit individual switching
CO Sensors and control logic required forbest efficiency
Fans 2 Speed, VSD Speed Controlled
or EC Motored
Typically CO sensors control a zone of
400m2
Energy Saving Opportunity
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Control Versus CO Contamination
(Two Zones)
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Ducted System ResponseAt Part Occupancy
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Impulse System ResponseAt Part Occupancy
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Impulse Control System - Overview
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Two-Speed Control
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Analogue Variable Speed Control
T i l C t l
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ExpansionBoards for >2
CO sensorsper controllerJetVentZone
Controllers
VSDs
Sinusoidal Filters
(external rotor motors)
Typical Controls
Cabinet (Analogue)
24Volt AC
Transformer
3 Ph.
Isolators
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JIU CPCEC 55N Digital EC FanElectronicallyCommutated motors
Thrust 55N (High Speed) 35N (at 65 dBA)
(365 mm height - currently)
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Wiring arrangement for EC
Digital Induction fan
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BCA Ventilation Legislative
Requirements
This system is an alternative solution under theBCA, as opposed to a Deemed-to-satisfy ductedsystem
Relevant performance requirements are in terms ofCO Concentration 100/60/30ppm - peak, 1hr Avg &8hr Avg requirements
Systems are validated by either proof ofperformance (usually CFD) or using expert
judgement
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CFD Modelling
Expertise available via specialized consultancies
Useful to validate performance, AS1668.2 requirements
Analysis done on PHOENICS, FLUENT and other codes
CFD Plot with Velocity Vectors, Scale in m/s
CFD Plot of CO Concentration Levels, Scale in ppm
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Velocity PlotsDucted System
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Velocity PlotsImpulse System
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Induction Fan Smoke Test
System viewed in SE Asia, designed to BS7346-7:2006
Systems designed to BS7346-7:2006, usuallycommissioned with Hot/Cold Smoke tests, rather thanCFD for Fire Brigades.
Gives a visual indication of how well the system works.
Car park smoke logged prior to fan operation.
Fans started and smoke production ceased at 0 minutes.
A ducted system typically clears to 30m visibility in30-40min.
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Start, Approx 8.0m visibility
Smoke Clearance & Visibility Test
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+5 min., 12m visibility
8 min., 16m visibility
12 min., 24m visibility 15 min., 32m visibility
Smoke Clearance & Visibility Test
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Smoke Clearance & Visibility Test
32 min., +60m visibility
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Smoke / Fire Requirements
AS1668.1:1998 (Clause 5.5) states:Car park ventilation systems are not required as smokecontrol systems and the requirements of section 4 arenot applicable.
Exhaust fans not temperature rated, but go into fullspeed if fire is detected
Supply fans and Impulse fans shut down in the event of
smoke intake
Full manual overrides for attending Fire Brigade
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Case StudyIKEA Harvey Norman
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Case StudyIKEA Harvey Norman
Project summary
Located in Springvale approx. 20km South East ofMelbourne CBD
71,000 m2 of bulky goods retail space. LargestHomemaker Centre in southern hemisphere
Car park floor areaapprox. 100,000m2
2800 car spaces over 2 levels
Semi enclosed upper and lowerlevels
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Case StudyIKEA Harvey Norman
Fan details
94 x Fans installed on both floors
A special JIU-CPCEC-92N modeldeveloped specifically for this project
Onboard isolation, electronicprotection and speed control on thefan itself
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Case StudyIkea Harvey Norman
3D layout lower & upper levels
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Case StudyIKEA Harvey Norman
CFD analysis
Airflow Pollution
C S
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Case StudyIKEA Harvey Norman
Cost savings
Electrical installation simplified due to onboard isolatorsand speed control (Reduction in wiring)
Reduction in the size and number of mechanical
switchboards due to the deletion of external variablespeed control and active line filtration
Ducting and shaft risers removed, no visual obstructions
C
C St d IKEA H N
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Case StudyIKEA Harvey Norman
Theresult
Cli k di M i l l
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Conclusion
Impulse/Induction Ventilation offers the client acommercially viable alternative option to the traditional1668 Car park ventilation design
The system offers simplified building design and a
reduction in construction cost Simplified electrical and mechanical installation
This system is approved as an alternative solution underBCA. CFD analysis best to confirm designs and provideproof of performance
Energy Savings / Demand Control