6 Nutrients Essential for Life

Mind Moo-Ver

SWBAT identify the 6 essential nutrients for life

QOD:

What does pH measure

Give an example of an acidic substance, a basic substance and a neutral substance

What is nutrition?

Nutrition: Animals receiving a properly balanced food and water ration so they can grow, maintain their body, reproduce, or produce things we expect from them.

Nutrient: Single food or group of foods of the same general chemical composition that support animal life.

How do we get nutrients?

Digestion: The breakdown of food materials and the absorption of nutrients.

Assimilation: Conversion of food material into an absorbable form.

Calorie: 1,000 calories or

1 kilocalorie

5 Functions of Food

1. Provides energy for daily activity.

2. Gives raw materials needed for body growth and repair.

3. Help regulate body functions.

4. Reproduction

5. Produce things we expect from animals.

Six Nutrient Groups

1. Water

2. Protein

3. Carbohydrates

4. Fats

5. Vitamins

6. Minerals

Macro-nutrients

Micro-nutrients

Water

Most important nutrient group!

In every cell of the animal.

Water is absorbed into the body through the walls of the stomach.

Sources of Water

Sources of Water:

Drinking

Feed

Metabolic

Losses from Body:

Urine

Feces

Sweat Glands

Lungs and skin

Water Composition

Animal’s body:

55% to 65%

Blood:

90% to 95%

Muscle:

72% to 78%

Bone:

30% to 40%

Proteins Complex nutrients composed of:

Carbon

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Nitrogen

Broken down into amino acids during the digestion process.

Amount needed depends on the animal’s function and stage of growth.

Proteins cont.

25 amino acids found in animal feeds, 10 are considered essential.

Essential amino acids CANNOT be produced by the animal and MUST be supplied in their food ration.

Nonessential amino acids are either not needed or can be synthesized by the body.

Proteins cont.

Necessary for:

Repairing body organs and tissues

Producing DNA

Generating enzymes and hormones

Developing antibodies

Protein Feed Ingredients

Animal Sources

Meat meal

Fish meal

Dried whey

Casein

Dried skim milk

Meat and bone meal

Plant Sources

Linseed meal

Soybean meal

Cottonseed meal

Dehydrate alfalfa meal

Carbohydrates

Contain the chemical elements: Carbon

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Made up of the groups of chemicals called sugars, starches, and crude fiber.

Groups classified as nitrogen-free extract (N.F.E.) and crude fiber on feed tags.

Carbohydrates cont.

Necessary for:

Supporting bodily functions that require energy

Producing heat to keep the body warm

Storing fat

Carbohydrate Feed Ingredients

Corn

Wheat

Oats

Barley

Alfalfa

Bromegrass

Bluegrass

Fats

Made up of the same chemical elements as carbohydrates, but in different combinations.

Contain 2.25 times the energy of equivalent carbohydrates and proteins.

Fats cont.

Come from both animal and vegetable sources.

Animal Fats = Solid at room temperature

Aka Saturated fats

Vegetable Fats – Liquid at room temperature

Aka Unsaturated fats

Fats cont.

Necessary for:

Providing energy

Aiding in the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins.

Providing fatty acids, some of which are essential in animals diets

Vitamins

Organic substances required in very small amounts.

Classified on their solubility:

Fat-soluble vitamins

Water-soluble vitamins

Necessary for regulatuion of bodily functions and normal development.

Fat-Soluble Vitamins

Can be dissolved in fat.

Stored in the liver, fatty tissues, and other parts of the body.

Include: Vitamin A

Vitamin D

Vitamin E

Vitamin K

Water-Soluble Vitamins

Can be dissolved in water.

Include:

Vitamin C

B-complex vitamins

Minerals

Inorganic materials needed in small amounts by animals.

Essential to support animals, but do not contribute to tissue development.

Necessary for supplying the materials for building the skeleton and producing body regulators.

Minerals cont.

Macro-minerals

Calcium

Phosphorus

Potassium

Sodium

Sulfur

Chlorine

Magnesium

Micro-minerals

Iron

Iodine

Copper

Cobalt

Fluorine

Manganese

Zinc

Selenium

Divided into 2 groups:

Stop

Vitamin A

Required to prevent:

Poor vision

Respiratory problems

Digestive problems

Reproductive difficulties

Green leafy plants are a good source.

Vitamin D

Associated with the use of calcium and phosphorus in the body.

Animals low in vitamin D have weak, trembling legs.

Sunlight and sun-cured hay are good sources.

Vitamin E

Important for successful reproduction.

Female rat for normal gestation.

Male rat to prevent sterility.

Associated with muscle development.

Lack of vitamin E causes white muscle disease in lambs (form of paralysis)

Animals being fed proper rations are receiving sufficient amounts of Vitamin E.

Vitamin K

Necessary for maintenance of normal blood coagulation to prevent excessive bleeding.

Lack of vitamin K has been shown to cause respiratory problems in rabbits.

Green forages, seeds, and good hay provide sufficient amounts of vitamin K.

Vitamin C

Also known as ascorbic acid.

Produced in digestive system of most animals.

Diarrhea, rough hair, and hair loss signs of vitamin C deficiency.

Monkeys and guinea pigs need Vitamin C to prevent scurvy.

Scurvy: characterized by swollen, painful joints, and bleeding gums.

B-Complex Vitamins

Important for improving appetite, growth, and reproduction.

Include:

Vitamin B1 (thiamine)

Vitamin B2 (riboflavin)

Niacin

Biotin

Choline

Folic Acid

Vitamin B12

Pantothenic acid

Inositol

Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)