6-Plant Structure Adaptations and Responses

8/6/2019 6-Plant Structure Adaptations and Responses

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Structure

ofPlants

Slide 1


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A. Functions of Roots

1. Anchor & support

plant in the ground

2. Absorb water &

minerals

3. Hold soil in place

Slide 2

Fibrous RootsRoot Hairs


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B. Root Types

2. Tap Roots larger centralroot reaches deep water sources

underground

Ex. Trees, Carrots, & Dandelions

1. Fibrous Roots:branching roots hold soil in

place to prevent soil erosion

Ex. Grasses

Slide 3

Tap Root


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1. Root Hairs:

increase surface

area for water &

mineral

absorption

2. Meristem:

region where

new cells are

produced

3. Root Cap:

protects tip of

growing root

C. The Structure of a RootSlide 4

Root

Hairs

MeristemRoot

Cap

Xylem

Phloem


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A. Functions of Stems

1.Support system for plant body

2.Transport system carries

water & nutrients

3.Holds leaves & branches

upright

Slide 5

Each light and dark

tree ring equals one

year of annual growth.

Light rings for fastspring growth, dark for

slow summer growth.Smaller rings tell of

past droughts that

have occurred.

Looking at the

picture to the left:

What years had

the most rain?

What years

experienced the

worst drought?


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A. Functions of LeavesSlide # 6

1. Main photosynthetic organ

2. Broad, flat surface increases

surface area for light

absorption

3. Have systems to prevent

water loss Stomata open in day but

close at night or when hot

to conserve water

waxy cuticle on surface

1. System of gas exchange

Allow CO2 in and O2 out of

leaf Elephant Ear Plant


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B. Leaf Structures

1.Cuticle: waxy layer;

covers upper surface

Protects leaf against water

loss

1.Veins: transports water,

nutrients and food Made of xylem and phloem

1.Mesophyll: contains cellsthat performphotosynthesis

b/c they containChloroplasts. 2Guard

CellsSurround

eachStoma

Mesop

hy

ll

Slide # 7

(Opening)

Leaf Cross-Section

Veins

Cuticle

Stoma

Stoma- singular

Stomata-plural


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More Plant Parts

Guard Cells

4. Guard cells:

cells that open

and close the

stoma

4. Stomata: openings

in leafs surface;when open: GAS EXCHANGE:

Allows CO2 in & O2

out of leaf

TRANSPIRATION:

Allows excess H2O

out of leaf

Slide # 8

Stoma


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Slide # 9

Stoma Open Stoma Closed

Guard Cells

Stoma

Function of Stomata

Guard Cells

CO2

O2 H2O

What

goes

in?

Whatgoes

out?

What process involves

using CO2 and H2O releasing

O2 as a waste product?

Photosynthesis

What is the plant using thisprocess to make?

Carbohydrates-glucose

If the plant needs waterfor

photosynthesis, why is water

coming out of the stoma?


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Slide # 10

Stoma Open Stoma Closed

Guard Cells

Function of Guard Cells

Guard CellsThese stomata (leaf

openings) naturally allow

water to evaporate out.

Why would the plant close

stomata with guard cells?

Prevent excess water loss

through transpiration.

(conserve water)

So what is the point ofhaving stomata?

Allow gas exchange for

photosynthesis


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Slide # 11

A average size maple tree can

transpire 200 liters of waterper hour during the summer.

Transpiration is the #1 driving

force for pulling water up

stems from roots.

C. Plants find a use for Transpiration

1. Transpiration: loss

of excess water fromplant leaves

2. Significance:

BA

a. Transpiration causes enough

pressure to help pull water

(& required nutrients) up

stem from roots.

b. As part of the water cycle,trees transpire water back into

the atmosphere.

c. Transpiration provides much

of the daily rain in rainforest.


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1.Pistil:female reproductive structure

a.Stigma: sticky tip; traps pollen

b.Style: slender tube; transports

pollen from stigma to ovary

c.Ovary: contains ovules; ovary

develops into fruit

d.Ovule: contains egg cell whichdevelops into a seed when

fertilized

Filament

AntherStigma

StyleOvary

Pistil

Petal

SepalOvule

Stamen

Slide # 12 Structure of a Flower


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2.Stamen: male

reproductive structurea.Filament: thin stalk;

supports anther

b.Anther: knob-like

structure; produces

pollen

c.Pollen: contains

microscopic cells thatbecome sperm cells

Structure of a FlowerSlide # 13

Filament

AntherStigma

StyleOvary

Pistil

Petal

SepalOvule

Stamen


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3.Sepals: encloses &

protects flower before itblooms

4.Petals: usually colorful

& scented; attractspollinators

Structure of a FlowerSlide # 14

FilamentAnther

Stigma

StyleOvary

Pistil

Petal

SepalOvule

Stamen


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Cross PollinationSlide # 15

How does pollination

happen?

Pollen from an anther

is caught by the

stigma, travelsthrough style to the

ovules in the ovary.

What is the result ofpollination?

A Fruit: An ovary

containing seeds.


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Chapter 25

PlantResponses

and

Adaptations

Slide # 16

H


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Slide #17

Hormone-producing

cells

Target

cells

Movement

of hormone

Hormone Action on Plants

A. Plant cells can produce

hormones: which arechemical messengers that

travel throughout the plant

causing other cells called

target cells to respond.

B. In plants, hormones

control:

1. Plant growth &

development

2. Plant responses to

environment

Cells in one blooming

flower signals other

blooms using hormones to


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C. Plant cells will send signals

to one another to tell them:

1.When trees to drop their leaves.

2.When to start new growth.

3.When to cause fruit to ripen.

4.When to cause flowers to bloom.

5.When to cause seeds to sprout.

Slide # 18

Leaf Drop

Fruit

Ripening

Sprouting

Corn Seeds

Cactus

Blooming

Tree

Budding


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D. Ethylene causes

Fruit to Ripen

1.Fruit tissues release a small amountofethlyene

2.Causes fruits to ripen.

3.As fruit become ripe, they producemore and more ethlyene,accelerating the ripening process.

Slide # 19

Ethylene released

by apples and

tomatoes causes

fruit to age quickly.


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Plant Tropisms

1. Tropism: the way a plant grows in response to

stimuli in the environment.a.Phototropism: growth response to light

-Plants bend towards light

a.Geotrophism: growth response to gravity-plant roots grow down with gravity, shoots (stems) grow up

against gravity and out of the soil.

a.Thigmotropism: growth response to touch-vines grow up around trees, venus flytrap closeswhenleaves are touched

Slide # 20

Slide # 21


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Slide # 21

Geotro

pism

What type of tropism is shown in these pictures?

Thigmotro

phism

Thigm

otroph

ism

Geotropis

m

Phototrop

ism

Photo

tropis

m


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6-Plant Structure Adaptations and Responses

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