6 System variables

6 System variables

Access to special machine functions

Access to offsets

Access to current positionAccess to modal information

Presentation links page for lesson six

Alarm generation Stop with message TimersSuppression of single block, feed hold, & feed override

Machining center, Turning center

Introduction

Introduction to system variables

Most CNC-related features of parametric programming are

accessed with system variablesSystem variable numbering is

preset – and varies slightly from one control model to another

System variables range from #1000 through about #6000

Alarm Generation

#3000 = 100 (DATA MISSING)

MC100 DATA MISSING

System variable

Alarm number (100-255)

Alarm message (up to 26 char.)

Printed on display screen:

We introduced alarm generation in lesson four

Alarm Generation Example

G65 P1000 W0.25 T0.125 D0.25 . . ...IF [#20 LE #23] GOTO 5#3000 = 100 (TOOL TOO WIDE)N5. . ....

One example we gave was related to tool widthIf the tool is too wide, an alarm is sounded

A Part Counter Example

#500: Part counter (Starts at zero)

O0008 (Main program)...N445 G65 P1008 C250.N450 M30

O1008#500 = #500 +1IF[#500 LT #3] GOTO 99#500 = 0#3000 = 100 (PART COUNT ACHIEVED)N99 M99

Another application…

Invoke part counter (C is number of parts to make)Alarm will sound after

part count is achieved

Stop With Message

M00: Program Stop

N140 M00 (TURN PART AROUND)

You know the function of M00 program stop

Stop with message is like M00, but a message will be displayed!

#3006 = 100 (REVERSE PART)

MS100 REVERSE PART

System variable

Message number (100-255)

Message (up to 26 char.)

Stop With Message

Same structure as alarm generation #3000Operator can continue by pressing cycle start

Timers

#3001: milliseconds timer#3002: hour timer

#3011: Year/month/day#3012: Hour/minute/second

You can time events with custom macro!

Timers

#3001 = 0 (Reset ms timer)..#3001 = 0G01 Z-0.5 F4.0#501 = #501 + #3001IF [#501 GT 20000] GOTO 98..GOTO 99N98 #501 = 0 (Reset accumulator)#3000 = 100 (TOOL EXHAUSTED)N99 M30

#501: Accumulator

Accumulate the time a tool cuts:

After twenty seconds of cutting, alarm will sound

Suppression Of Single Block

#3003 = 1 (Suppress single block)

#3003 = 0 (Enable single block)

You can actually disable single block!

Suppression Of Feed Hold

#3004 = 1 (Suppress feed hold)

#3004 = 0 (Enable feed hold)

You can also disable feed hold!

Suppression Of Feedrate Override

#3004 = 2 (Suppress feedrate override)

#3004 = 0 (Enable feedrate override)

#3004 = 3 (Suppress FH & FO)

As well as feedrate override!

Suppresses both feed hold and feedrate override

#3004 = 0 (enables both feedrate override and feed hold)

Tapping Example

G65 P1000 R.2 Z-1.0 F0.0625#18

#9

#26

O1000 (Tapping program)G00 X0 Z#18#3003 = 1 (Disable single block)#3004 = 2 (Disable feed hold & feed override)G01 Z#26 F#9M04Z#18#3003 = 0 (Enable single block)#3004 = 0 (Enable feed hold & feed override)M99

Suppresses single block, feed hold, and feedrate override during tapping

Call to tapping custom macro

One value per offset:

001 00.0000002 00.0000003 00.0000004 00.0000005 00.0000006 00.0000007 00.0000008 00.0000

OFFSETS009 00.0000010 00.0000011 00.0000012 00.0000013 00.0000014 00.0000015 00.0000016 00.0000

#2001 - #2199: Offsets 1 - 199

Machining Center Tool OffsetsMachining centers offset tables vary…

Machining Center Tool Offsets

Two values per offset:

#2001 - #2199: H offsets 1 - 199#2401 - #2599: D offsets 1 - 199

001 00.0000 00.0000002 00.0000 00.0000003 00.0000 00.0000004 00.0000 00.0000005 00.0000 00.0000006 00.0000 00.0000007 00.0000 00.0000008 00.0000 00.0000

OFFSETS

009 00.0000 00.0000 010 00.0000 00.0000011 00.0000 00.0000012 00.0000 00.0000013 00.0000 00.0000014 00.0000 00.0000015 00.0000 00.0000016 00.0000 00.0000

DH DH

If you have geometry & wear offsets:

#2001 - #2199: H geom offsets 1 - 199#2401 - #2599: D geom offsets 1 - 199

001 00.0000 00.0000002 00.0000 00.0000003 00.0000 00.0000004 00.0000 00.0000005 00.0000 00.0000006 00.0000 00.0000007 00.0000 00.0000008 00.0000 00.0000

GEOMETRY OFFSETS

009 00.0000 00.0000 010 00.0000 00.0000011 00.0000 00.0000012 00.0000 00.0000013 00.0000 00.0000014 00.0000 00.0000015 00.0000 00.0000016 00.0000 00.0000

DH DH


#2201 - #2399: H wear offsets 1 - 199#2601 - #2799: D wear offsets 1 - 199

001 00.0000 00.0000002 00.0000 00.0000003 00.0000 00.0000004 00.0000 00.0000005 00.0000 00.0000006 00.0000 00.0000007 00.0000 00.0000008 00.0000 00.0000

WEAR OFFSETS

009 00.0000 00.0000 010 00.0000 00.0000011 00.0000 00.0000012 00.0000 00.0000013 00.0000 00.0000014 00.0000 00.0000015 00.0000 00.0000016 00.0000 00.0000

DH DH


If you have geometry & wear offsets:

If you have over 200 offsets:

#10001 - #10999: H geom offsets 1-999#12001 - #12999: D geom offsets 1-199

#11001 - #11999: H wear offsets 1-999#13001 - #13999: D wear offsets 1-999

You must reference your control manual!


All offsets are accessible

through custom macro!

(Read and Write)

Most common:

001 00.0000002 00.0000003 00.0000004 00.0000005 00.0000006 00.0000007 00.0000008 00.0000

OFFSETS009 00.0000010 00.0000011 00.0000012 00.0000013 00.0000014 00.0000015 00.0000016 00.0000

#2001 - #2199: Offsets 1 - 199


The most common offset

configuration is but one

value per offset!

We’ll assume this for

our examples

#2001 = 3.4563Sets offset one to 3.4563

#2001 = #2001 + 0.004Increases offset one by 0.004

Remember, G10 allows offset entry


#101 = #2001

Sets variable #101 to the current value of offset one

Not possible by any other means!


Implications:Testing offsets

Modifying compensation functionsInventing new compensation functions!


We’ll show several

applications a little later!

Machining Center Fixture OffsetsFANUC 15M

POSITION PROGRAM OFFSET PRG_CHK +EDIT *** STOP **** *** *** *** *** ****

WORK ZERO OFFSET O0040 N00000

NO. 00 (COMMON)X 00.0000Y 00.0000Z 00.0000

NO. 02 (G55)X 00.0000Y 00.0000Z 00.0000

NO. 01 (G54)X 00.0000Y 00.0000Z 00.0000

NO. 03 (G56)X 00.0000Y 00.0000Z 00.0000

You also have access to fixture offsets

Common (#0)X: #5201Y: #5202Z: #5203

4th: #5204Offset #1 (G54)

X: #5221Y: #5222Z: #5223

4th: #5224

Offset #2 (G55)X: #5241Y: #5242Z: #5243

4th: #5244Offset #3 (G56)

X: #5261Y: #5262Z: #5263

4th: #5264

Machining Center Fixture Offsets

Related system variables:

Offset #4 (G57)X: #5281Y: #5282Z: #5283

4th: #5284Offset #5 (G58)

X: #5301Y: #5302Z: #5303

4th: #5304

Offset #6 (G59)X: #5321Y: #5322Z: #5323

4th: #5324


Related system variables:

They’re accessed by the #7000 series system variables

48 fixture offsets? (G54.1)


Do you have the additional fixture offset option?

Simulating Cutter Radius Comp.

Z

H

Y

T

D

O0001N005 G54 G90 S300 M03N010 G00 X0 Y0N015 G43 H01 Z0.1N020 G65 P1000 X0 Y0 Z0 H2. T1. D1.0 F4.N025 G91 G28 Z0 M19N030 M01..

X

F - Feedrate D specifies tool diameter

First example: We’ve specified the cutter size in the calling command

Z

H

T

O1000G00 X[#24-#7/2] Y[#25-#7/2 -.1]Z[#26 - #20 -.05]G01 Y[#25 + #11 + #7/2] F#9G00 Z[#26 + 0.1]M99Y

D

#11

#26

#9

#25

#7

#20

F - FeedrateX#24

Simulating Cutter Radius Comp.We’ve referenced cutter size in the custom macro…

Z

H

Y

T

O0001N005 G54 G90 S300 M03N010 G00 X0 Y0N015 G43 H01 Z0.1N020 G65 P1000 X0 Y0 Z0 H2. T1. D31. F4.N025 G91 G28 Z0 M19N030 M01..

X

F - Feedrate

D: Offset #

Simulating Cutter Radius Comp.

Now D specifies cutter comp offset number!

But maybe you want the call statement to include the cutter compensation offset number

Z

H

T

O1000#101= #[2000 + #7]G00X[#24-#101] Y[#25-#101 -.1]Z[#26 - #20 -.05]G01 Y[#25 + #11 + #101] F#9G00 Z[#26 + 0.1]M99

Y

D

#11

#26

#9

#25

#7

#20

F - FeedrateX#24

Simulating Cutter Radius Comp.Store value of offset in #101

Reference offset value

Simulating Wear OffsetsYou know how to use wear offsets on turning centers

3.000

Measured: 3.004

Adjust wear offset by -0.004

In custom macro B:FANUC 15T


WEAR OFFSETS O0040 N00000

001 -00.0040 00.0000 00.0000 0002 00.0000 00.0000 00.0000 0003 00.0000 00.0000 00.0000 0004 00.0000 00.0000 00.0000 0005 00.0000 00.0000 00.0000 0006 00.0000 00.0000 00.0000 0007 00.0000 00.0000 00.0000 0

X Z R T

Simulating Wear Offsets

Many machining centers don’t have wear offsets!

0.500

Actual: 0.498

Adjust by -0.002

Simulating Wear Offsets

FANUC 15M


TOOL OFFSETS O0040 N00000

001 05.5836 002 04.5456003 08.4736 004 05.3421 005 08.4733 006 06.5947 007 07.4432 008 06.5543

009 00.0000 010 00.0000011 00.0000 012 00.0000 013 00.0000 014 00.0000 015 00.0000 016 00.0000

Simulating Wear OffsetsThe tool length compensation offset must be adjusted

FANUC 15M



084 00.0000 095 00.0000086 00.0000 087 00.0000 088 00.0000 089 00.0000 090 00.0000 091 00.0000

092 00.0000 093 00.0000094 00.0000 095 00.0000 096 00.0000 097 00.0000 098 00.0000 099 00.0000

Simulating Wear OffsetsPick a secondary offset to use as the wear offset

FANUC 15M



084 00.0000 095 00.0000086 00.0000 087 00.0000 088 00.0000 089 00.0000 090 00.0000 091 00.0000

092 00.0000 093 00.0000094 00.0000 095 00.0000 096 00.0000 097 00.0000 098 00.0000 099 -00.0020

Simulating Wear OffsetsStore the deviation in this offset

O0001N005 T01 M06N010 G54 G90 S600 M03 T02N015 G00 X3.0 Y2.0N020 G43 Z0.1N025 G01 Z-[0.5 - #2099] F4.0N030 X4.5N035 . . . ..

Simulating Wear OffsetsIn the program…












Subtract the value of offset 99 from the programmed Z position


Checking Offsets For Correctness

Have you ever wished you could test the operator’s entry of tool

offsets to confirm that they are in an acceptable range?

Checking Offsets For CorrectnessHere’s how you can!

O0001 (Main program)/ N005 G65 P1000 B1. E12. S3. H11.N010 T01 M06N015 G54 G90 S500 M03...

#2 #19

#11#8

B: Beginning offset to testE: Ending offset to testS: Shortest acceptable lengthH: Longest acceptable length

O1000 (Offset tester)#101 = #2 (Counter, also offset number)N1 IF[#101 GT #8] GOTO 99 (Test if finished) IF[#[2000 + #101] GE #19] GOTO 5 (Ok so far) #3000 = 100 (TOOL TOO SHORT) N5 IF[#[2000 + #101] LE #11] GOTO 6 (Tool ok) #3000 = 101 (TOOL TOO LONG) N6 #101 = #101 +1 (Step counter/offset number)GOTO 1 (Go back to the loop test)N99 M99


Here’s the testing custom macro:



Program number



Initialize the counter to the first offset to tes



Test if current offset number is greater than last offset number to test



If offset value is larger than shortest acceptable value, offset is okay so far – GOTO next test



If not, generate a specific alarm


Checking Offsets For CorrectnessIf the offset value is less than the largest acceptable

value, the offset is okay – GOTO a command to step counter



If not, generate a specific alarm



Step the counter (proceed to next offset)



Go back to the next test



If any tool is too short or

too long, an appropriate

alarm will sound!

End of custom macro

Turning Center Wear Offsets



WEAR OFFSETS O0040 N00000

001 00.0000 00.0000 00.0000 0002 00.0000 00.0000 00.0000 0003 00.0000 00.0000 00.0000 0004 00.0000 00.0000 00.0000 0005 00.0000 00.0000 00.0000 0006 00.0000 00.0000 00.0000 0007 00.0000 00.0000 00.0000 0008 00.0000 00.0000 00.0000 0

X Z R T

#2001-#2064: X wear offset 1-64

#2101-#2164: Z wear offset 1-64

#2201-#2264: R wear offset 1-64

#2301-#2364: T wear offset 1-64

Turning Center Wear OffsetsHere are the related system variables

#2001 = 0.005Sets X wear offset one to 0.005

#2001 = #2001 + 0.004Increases X wear offset one by 0.004

Again, G10 allows offset changes


#101 = #2001

Sets variable #101 to the current value of X wear offset one

Not possible by any other means!


Implications:Testing offsets

Modifying compensation functionsInventing new compensation functions!

Turning Center Wear OffsetsAs with machining centers…

Turning Center Geometry Offsets



GEOMETRY OFFSETS O0040 N00000

001 00.0000 00.0000 00.0000 0002 00.0000 00.0000 00.0000 0003 00.0000 00.0000 00.0000 0004 00.0000 00.0000 00.0000 0005 00.0000 00.0000 00.0000 0006 00.0000 00.0000 00.0000 0007 00.0000 00.0000 00.0000 0008 00.0000 00.0000 00.0000 0

X Z R T

#2401-#2464: X geom offset 1-64

#2501-#2564: Z geom offset 1-64

#2601-#2664: R geom offset 1-64

#2701-#2764: T geom offset 1-64

Turning Center Geometry OffsetsSystem variables related to geometry offsets

Does anyone still use G50? If so …

Offset 21: X10.3375 Z8.3487

N005 G50 X#2021 Z#2121N101 T0101...N065 G00 X#2021 Z#2121 T0100

Improving G50 Commands

At least you can separate

program zero assignment

values from the program!

Attaining Machine Position

Relative to the zero return position

#5021: X position relative to zero return#5022: Y position relative to zero return#5023: Z position relative to zero return#5024: 4th position relative to zero return

Read only!

For machining centers:


Relative to the zero return position

#5001: X position relative to program zero#5002: Y position relative to program zero #5003: Z position relative to program zero#5004: 4th position relative to prog. zero

Read only!


Anything you can do with a full probing system can be done with an edge finder!

Uses conductivity-type edge finderRadius stored in #500Length stored in #501

An application:

Attaining Machine PositionO0015G91 G01 Y0.75 Z-0.75 F30.#3006 = 101 (TOUCH LEFT SIDE)#5221=#5021 +#500G91 G01 X-0.2Y-0.75X0.55#3006 = 102 (TOUCH FRONT SIDE)#5222 = #5022 +#500G91 G01 Y-0.2Z0.75Y0.55#3006 =103 (TOUCH TOP)#5223=#5023 - #501G91 G01 Z0.5G90 G54 X0 Y0M30

First position the edge finder 0.5 in from the corner

Example


Program number


Move into position to touch left side in X


Stop with message


Manually, using handwheel, touch left sideBack in auto mode, press cycle start


Set X fixture offset


Move away in X


Come forward in Y


Move over in X, now ready to touch in Y


Stop with message


Manually touch Y surface – then back to auto mode and press cycle start


Set Y of fixture offset


Move forward in Y


Move up in Z


Move forward in Y, ready to touch in Z


Stop with message


Manually, touch in ZBack in auto mode, press cycle start


Set fixture offset Z


Move up in Z


Invoke coordinate system just set, move to XY zero


End of program

Anything you can do with a spindle probe is possible with

these techniques!


The only difference is that each surface must be

manually touched

Help With Tool Length Measuring

#5001-2-3 block

Another helpful application: Measuring tool lengths

Help With Tool Length MeasuringO0014#100 = 1 (FIRST TOOL NUMBER)#101 = 15 (LAST TOOL NUMBER)#102 = #100N1 IF[#102 GT #101] GOTO 99G91 G28 Z0 M19T#102 M06#3006 = 100 (TOUCH TOOL TIP TO BLOCK)#[2000 + #102] = #500 - ABS[#5023]G91 G01 Z0.5 F30.0#102 = #102 + 1GOTO 1N99 M30

Help With Tool Length MeasuringO0014#100 = 1 (FIRST TOOL NUMBER)#101 = 15 (LAST TOOL NUMBER)#102 = #100N1 IF[#102 GT #101] GOTO 99G91 G28 Z0 M19T#102 M06#3006 = 100 (TOUCH TOOL TIP TO BLOCK)#[2000 + #102] = #500 - ABS[#5023]G91 G01 Z0.5 F30.0#102 = #102 + 1GOTO 1N99 M30

Program number

O0014#100 = 1 (FIRST TOOL NUMBER)#101 = 15 (LAST TOOL NUMBER)#102 = #100N1 IF[#102 GT #101] GOTO 99G91 G28 Z0 M19T#102 M06#3006 = 100 (TOUCH TOOL TIP TO BLOCK)#[2000 + #102] = #500 - ABS[#5023]G91 G01 Z0.5 F30.0#102 = #102 + 1GOTO 1N99 M30


Set #100 to first tool station number to measure



Set #101 to last tool station number to measure



Initialize counter to first station



Test if finished



Go to tool change position



Place current tool in spindle



Stop with message, manually touch tool tip to block



Set current tool length compensation offset value



Retract 0.5 inch in Z



Step counter



Go back to test



End of custom macro

Testing Machine Position

O0001IF [#5021 EQ 0] GOTO 5#3000 = 101 (X NOT HOME)N5 IF[#5022 EQ 0] GOTO 6#3000 = 102 (Y NOT HOME)N6 IF[#5023 NE 0] GOTO 7#3000 = 103 (Z NOT HOME)N7. . ..

If machine is not at zero return position, an alarm will sound

Testing Machine Position

12”

32”

Maybe a fixture prohibits tool change while table is centered

O9001IF[#5021 GT [0-12.0] ] GOTO 10IF[#5021 LT [0-32.0] ] GOTO 10#3000 = 100 (BAD TOOL CHANGE POSITION)N10 M06M99

Testing Machine PositionIf a tool change will cause a crash, an alarm will sound

Relative To Zero Return Position

Turning centers:

#5021: X position relative to zero return#5022: Z position relative to zero return

Read only!

Relative To Program Zero

Turning centers:

#5001: X position relative to program zero#5002: Z position relative to program zero

Read only!

Current Position Is Start Point

.

.

.N015 G00 X3.2 Z-1.0N020 G65 P1000 D0.18 C0.03 F0.005.

0.1

Tool must be in this position when custom macro is

called!

This technique will allow you to minimize input arguments

O1000#100 = #5001#101 = #5002G01 X[#100 - 0.2 - #7 *2] F#9...

Current Position Is Start Point#100 and #101 are set to tool’s current position in X and Z

Improving G50 CommandsCombine this with what you know

about accessing offset values

Offset 21: X10.3375 Z8.3487N005 G50 X[#2021+#5021] Z[#2121+#5022]N101 T0101...N065 G00 X6.5 Z5.0 T0100

The machine can no

longer be out of position!

Modal G Codes

G code groups:Group 1: G00, G01, G02 & G03Group 2: G17, G18, & G19Group 3: G90 & G91Group 4: G22 & G23Group 5: G94 & G95Group 6: G20 & G21Group 7: G40, G41, & G42Group 8: G43, G44, G49

#4001#4002#4003#4004#4005#4006#4007#4008

#100 = #4003

You have access to modal states

Modal G Codes

O1000#100 = #4003 (Retain abs/inc status)G91 . . ......#4003 = #100M99

An example

Current Value Of CNC Addresses

#4000: Main program number (O value)#4102: B value#4107: D value#4109: F value#4111: H value#4113: M value#4114: N value#4119: S value#4120: T value

You also have access to current letter address values

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6 System variables

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