6.00 am get up

7.20 am start

school

10: 17-Unit

Lunch

Do Now Your taskDraw a timeline showing a typical school day. Include breaks and travelling times as well as leisure time after school and the time you normally go to bed.

Dawn of the Industrial Age

• Most people lived and worked in small farming villagesshifts to increased urbanization.

• Reasons:• 1. Agricultural Revolution-Agricultural

revolution-new advances in technology increase food production.–Horse and steel plow– Fertilizer use– Yields improved 300% 1700-1850-Enclosure Movement

• Growth of foreign trade for manufactured goods

Population Multiplies• Britain’s pop. 5 mil in 17009 mil in 1800. • Europe 120 mil in 1700 to 180 mil in 1800.

– Reasons:• 1. Agricultural revolution reduced risk of death from

famine. • 2. People ate better and stayed healthier. • 3. Hygiene and sanitation improved as well as medical

care.

• Industrialization leads to urbanization. • Cities grew around factories-job opportunities.• Major pollution.

Britain Leads the Way…Why?

1. Natural Resources=plentifulports and navigable rivers.

2. Rivers also source or power and led to the construction of canals.

3. Canals led to trade. 4. Had had lots of coal and iron which was used

to power and build parts for steam engines. 5. Stable economydue esp. to Slave Trade6. Stable govt. supported economic growth7. Strong Navy-for protection8. Rise of Entrepreneurs--$$$

Cottage Industry • Putting-out system-aka cottage industry

flourished in 1600and 1700’s.

• Raw cotton given to families who spun it into thread and wove them into cloth in their own home. Skilled artisans in towns then finished and dyed cloth.

Technology Replaces the Cottage Industry

• Flying Shuttle-allowed weavers to work faster and they soon outpace spinners

• Spinning Jenny-spun many threads at same time and increased production

• Water Frame-spinning machine powered by water

• Cotton Gin-sped cotton production

Rise of Factories

• Cottage industry fails due to new machines

• Manufacturers built long sheds to house machines– At 1st near water for power– Then run by steam engines– Spinners and weavers now worked in

factories

• Capital assets used to produce wealth, such as machinery, tools and factories.

• In other words…..stuff you need to make money.

• Urbanization- movement of people to cities.

• Occurs because of the changes in farming.

1. Industrial Middle Class- Those who benefited from Industrial Revolution, and were entrepreneurs.

2. Industrial Working Class- Due to population growth, there were less places to live cheaply. Lived in over crowded tenements.

• Protests

• Labor Unions (illegal) got together and wished for worker reforms.

• Riots occur in which textile machines are smashed, these people are called Luddites.

• Religion becomes very popular (promised a better life to come).

• HARSH!!!• Factories-12 hour workdays, losing fingers &

limbs, breathing in lint, etc.• Mines- Dust in lungs, explosions, flooding,

collapsing tunnels, etc.• Children (5 & up)- Crawl under machinery for

repairs, open/close vents in mines, extreme heat, etc.

Transportation Revolution

• Need for faster movement of good

• Capitalists invest in turnpikes-private built roads-paid a few to use.

• Others had canals dug to connect inland towns to coastal portslost importance in 1830’s to trains

•Blessing or a Curse?

• Reforms improved working conditions• Working class gains rights to vote, has political power• PROS:

–Mass produced goods–New Factories–More Jobs–Better Hours–Wages rose–More railroads, more connections

Drawbacks to Industrialization

• Cities became crowded

• Overpopulation and factories led to pollution

• Working Conditions were poor

• Living Conditions were poor

Did things change?

• Find out about continuing exploitation of children around the world: BBC news

Child labourer in India