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6.1 Bonding. Two Types of Bonding Ionic Bonding Covalent Bonding.

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Sharing of electrons between 2 or more non- metals – Forms: Molecular Compounds
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6.1 Bonding
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Page 1: 6.1 Bonding. Two Types of Bonding Ionic Bonding Covalent Bonding.

6.1 Bonding

Page 2: 6.1 Bonding. Two Types of Bonding Ionic Bonding Covalent Bonding.

Two Types of Bonding

• Ionic Bonding• Covalent Bonding

Page 3: 6.1 Bonding. Two Types of Bonding Ionic Bonding Covalent Bonding.

Covalent Bonding• Sharing of electrons between 2 or more non-

metals– Forms: Molecular Compounds

Page 4: 6.1 Bonding. Two Types of Bonding Ionic Bonding Covalent Bonding.

Memorize the 7 Diatomic elements shown on page 138 of your text book!!!!

Page 5: 6.1 Bonding. Two Types of Bonding Ionic Bonding Covalent Bonding.

What are Ions? charged atoms that have gained or lost electrons

Page 6: 6.1 Bonding. Two Types of Bonding Ionic Bonding Covalent Bonding.

• Form between ions• Metal + Non-metal

Ionic Bonding

Page 7: 6.1 Bonding. Two Types of Bonding Ionic Bonding Covalent Bonding.

2 types of Ions:• Cations: positively

charged ions, have lost electrons (metals)

• Anions: Negatively charged ions, have gained electrons (non-metals)

Page 8: 6.1 Bonding. Two Types of Bonding Ionic Bonding Covalent Bonding.

• Ions attract one another by electrostatic forces. – Opposite charges attract

Page 9: 6.1 Bonding. Two Types of Bonding Ionic Bonding Covalent Bonding.
Page 10: 6.1 Bonding. Two Types of Bonding Ionic Bonding Covalent Bonding.

6.2 Representing Chemical Compounds

Chemical Formulas

• Molecular Formula: shows the number of each atom present in a molecular compound

NH3

• Formula Unit: representation of ionic compounds in lowest whole number ratios

NaCl

Page 11: 6.1 Bonding. Two Types of Bonding Ionic Bonding Covalent Bonding.

Law of Definite Proportions

• The masses of the elements in a compound are always in the same proportions.

Page 12: 6.1 Bonding. Two Types of Bonding Ionic Bonding Covalent Bonding.

Law of Multiple Proportions• Whenever two elements form more than one

compound, the different masses of one element that combine with the same mass of the other element are in ratios of small whole numbers

Page 13: 6.1 Bonding. Two Types of Bonding Ionic Bonding Covalent Bonding.

Journal

• How are ions formed???• What is the difference between cations and

anions???

Page 14: 6.1 Bonding. Two Types of Bonding Ionic Bonding Covalent Bonding.

6.3 Ionic Charges

Naming Rules for Monatomic Ions: ions of a single atom

Cations (positive charged metals )Name of element + ion

Example: Na+ Sodium ionPractice: Ca2+ _______ ____

Anions (negative charged non-metals)Name changes ending to –ide

Example: F- Fluorine → FluoridePractice: S2- ______________

Page 15: 6.1 Bonding. Two Types of Bonding Ionic Bonding Covalent Bonding.

How do you figure out the charge for an ion????

USING THE PERIODIC TABLE!!!• Group 1: loose 1 electron to become cations

with a 1+ charge (Example: Na+)

• Group 2: loose 2 electrons to become cations with a 2+ charge (Example: Sr2+)

• Aluminum (Group 3a): looses 3 electronsAl 3+

Page 16: 6.1 Bonding. Two Types of Bonding Ionic Bonding Covalent Bonding.

Group 4 typically do not form ions.

Page 17: 6.1 Bonding. Two Types of Bonding Ionic Bonding Covalent Bonding.
Page 18: 6.1 Bonding. Two Types of Bonding Ionic Bonding Covalent Bonding.

• Group 7A: gains 1 electronbecome anions with a 1- charge

• Group 6a: gains 2 electronsbecome anions with a 2- charge

• Group 5a: gains 3 electronsbecome anions with a 3- charge

Page 19: 6.1 Bonding. Two Types of Bonding Ionic Bonding Covalent Bonding.

Journal:

Write the formula and the name for the ions formed by the elements:

ClSKCa

Page 20: 6.1 Bonding. Two Types of Bonding Ionic Bonding Covalent Bonding.

Journal:

Write the formula and the name for the ions formed by the elements:

Cl Cl- ChlorideS S2- SulfideK K+ Potassium IonCa Ca2+ Calcium Ion

Page 21: 6.1 Bonding. Two Types of Bonding Ionic Bonding Covalent Bonding.

Transition Metals may form several different ions

You are responsible for knowing that the roman numeral indicates the charge of the given ion.

Page 22: 6.1 Bonding. Two Types of Bonding Ionic Bonding Covalent Bonding.

Roman Numerals You should know:

I = 1 VI = 6II = 2 VII = 7III = 3 VIII = 8IV = 4 IX = 9V = 5 X = 10

Page 23: 6.1 Bonding. Two Types of Bonding Ionic Bonding Covalent Bonding.

Example:

You should know that:• Chromium (II) indicates a Chromium ion with

a charge of 2+, Cr2+

Journal: What is the charge and formula for…. Copper ICopper II

Lead IV

Page 24: 6.1 Bonding. Two Types of Bonding Ionic Bonding Covalent Bonding.

Example:

You should know that:• Chromium II indicates a Chromium ion with a

charge of 2+, Cr2+

Journal: What is the charge and formula for….Copper I : Cu+

Copper II : Cu2+

Lead IV: Pb4+

Page 25: 6.1 Bonding. Two Types of Bonding Ionic Bonding Covalent Bonding.

Polyatomic Ions

• Ions with more than 1 atomExamples: OH- hydroxideNH4

+ ammonium

NO2 – NitriteSO3 2– Sulfite

NO3 – Nitrate SO4 2– Sulfate

Memorize the name and charge of the polyatomic ions found on page 147 of the textbook!!!!

Page 26: 6.1 Bonding. Two Types of Bonding Ionic Bonding Covalent Bonding.

Practice


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