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Karl Byrand, University of Wisconsin-Sheboygan

ContemporaryHuman

Geography, 2e

Lectures

Chapter 6Religion

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6.1 Distributions of Religions

•Universalizing religion•Attempts to have global appeal

•Ethnic religion•Mostly appeals to one group living in one place

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6.1 Distributions of Religions

•Universalizing religions•Christianity•Islam•Buddhism

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6.1 Distributions of Religions

•Ethnic religions•Hinduism•Other ethnic religions

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6.1 Distributions of Religions

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DISTRIBUTION OF RELIGIONS

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6.1 Distributions of Religions

ADHERENTS OF WORLD RELIGIONS

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6.2 Geographic Branches of Religions

•Branch•A large fundamental division within a religion

•Denomination•Division of a branch that unites congregations into a single administrative body

•Sect•Relatively small group that has broken from an established denomination

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6.2 Geographic Branches of Religions

•Branches of Christianity•Roman Catholicism•Eastern Orthodoxy•Protestantism

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6.2 Geographic Branches of Religions

CHRISTIAN PLACES OF WORSHIP

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6.2 Geographic Branches of Religions

•Branches of Buddhism•Theravada•Mahayana

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6.2 Geographic Branches of Religions

BUDDHIST MONKS

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6.2 Geographic Branches of Religions

•Deities in Hinduism•Vaishnavism (Vishnu and Krishna)•Sivaism (Siva)•Shaktism (consorts of Vishnu and Siva)

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6.2 Geographic Branches of Religions

[insert Figure 6.2.3 on this slide]

HINDUISM

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6.2 Geographic Branches of Religions

•Branches of Islam•Sunni•Shiite

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6.2 Geographic Branches of Religions

MUSLIM PLACES OF WORSHIP

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6.3 Diversity of Universalizing Religions

•Other universalizing religions•Sikhism•Bahá’í

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6.3 Diversity of Universalizing Religions

•Other Christian religions•Coptic Church•Armenian Church•Maronites•Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (Mormons)

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6.3 Diversity of Universalizing Religions

•Distribution of US religions

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6.3 Diversity of Universalizing Religions

RELIGIONS OF THE UNITED STATES

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6.3 Diversity of Universalizing Religions

DISTRIBUTION OF CHRISTIANS IN THE UNITED STATES

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6.4 Origins of Religions

•Ethnic religions have unknown origins.•Hinduism

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6.4 Origins of Religions

HINDUISM’S UNKNOWN ORIGINS: MOUNT KAILĀS

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6.4 Origins of Religions

•Universalizing religions have precise places of origin.

•Christianity

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6.4 Origins of Religions

ORIGIN OF CHRISTIANITY: CHURCH OF THE HOLY SEPULCHRE, JERUSALEM

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6.4 Origins of Religions

•Universalizing religions have precise places of origin.

•Buddhism

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6.4 Origins of Religions

ORIGIN OF BUDDHISM: MAHABODHI TEMPLE, BODH GAYA

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6.4 Origins of Religions

•Universalizing religions have precise places of origin.

•Islam

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6.4 Origins of Religions

ORIGIN OF ISLAM: AL-MASJID AL-NABAWI (MOSQUE OF THE PROPHET), MADINAH, SAUDI ARABIA

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6.4 Origins of Religions

•Other universalizing religions•Sikhism•Bahá’í

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6.5 Diffusion of Universalizing Religions

•Diffusion of Christianity•Diffusion of Buddhism•Diffusion of Islam•Contagious diffusion•Hierarchical diffusion

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6.5 Diffusion of Universalizing Religions

DIFFUSION OF UNIVERSALIZING RELIGIONS

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6.5 Diffusion of Universalizing Religions

•Diffusion of other universalizing religions•Bahá’í•Sikhism

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6.6 Holy Places in Universalizing Religions

•Christian churches

HOLY PLACES IN CHRISTIANITY

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6.6 Holy Places in Universalizing Religions

•Muslim holy cities•Hajj (pilgrimage)

•Makkah•al-Ka’ba•al-Haram al-Sharif

•Madinah

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6.6 Holy Places in Universalizing Religions

HOLY PLACES IN ISLAM

•Holy places in Bahá’í

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6.6 Holy Places in Universalizing Religions

HOLY PLACES IN BAHA’I

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6.6 Holy Places in Universalizing Religions

•Buddhist holy places

HOLY PLACES IN BUDDHISM

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6.6 Holy Places in Universalizing Religions

•Holy places in Sikhism

HOLY PLACES IN SIKHISM

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6.7 Ethnic Religions and the Landscape

•The Calendar in Judaism•Lunar•Monotheism•Polytheism

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6.7 Ethnic Religions and the Landscape

JEWISH HOLIDAY OF SUKKOTH

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6.7 Ethnic Religions and the Landscape

•Cosmology in Chinese ethnic religions•Confucianism

•Confucius (551–479 B.C.)•“li”

•Daoism•Lao Zi (604–531 B.C.)•“dao”

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6.7 Ethnic Religions and the Landscape

CONFUCIUS TEMPLE

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6.7 Ethnic Religions and the Landscape

•Spirits in inanimate objects•Animists

AFRICAN ANIMIST RELIGIONS

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6.7 Ethnic Religions and the Landscape

•Sacred space in Hinduism

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6.7 Ethnic Religions and the Landscape

SACRED SPACE IN HINDUISM

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6.8 Religious Conflicts: Ireland

•Fundamentalism•Literal interpretation and strict and intense adherence to the basic principles of a religion

•Northern Ireland and city of Belfast, UK•Divided between Roman Catholics and Protestants•Irish Republican Army (IRA)•Ulster Defense Force (UDF)

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6.8 Religious Conflicts: Ireland

DISTRIBUTION OF PROTESTANTS IN IRELAND, 1911

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6.8 Religious Conflicts: Ireland

IRISH INDEPENDENCE

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6.8 Religious Conflicts: Ireland

DISTRIBUTION OF ROMAN CATHOLICS IN BELFAST, NORTHERN IRELAND

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6.9 Religious Conflicts: The Middle East

•Israel/Palestine•Jews, Muslims, and Christians have fought for control.•Judaism—The Promised Land•Christianity—Palestine•Islam—Jerusalem

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6.9 Religious Conflicts: The Middle East

BOUNDARY CHANGES IN PALESTINE/ISRAEL

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6.9 Religious Conflicts: The Middle East

•Palestinian perspectives•Five groups of people consider themselves Palestinians.

•People living in the territories captured by Israel in 1967•Muslim citizens of Israel•People who fled from Israel after Israel was created in 1948•People who fled from the occupied territories after the 1967 war

•Citizens of other countries who identify themselves as Palestinians

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6.9 Religious Conflicts: The Middle East

•Israeli perspectives•A minority surrounded by a hostile majority

•West Bank barrier

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6.9 Religious Conflicts: The Middle East

ISRAELI SETTLEMENT IN THE WEST BANK

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6.9 Religious Conflicts: The Middle East

ISRAEL’S SEPARATION FENCE

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6.10 Jerusalem: Contested Space

•Holy site for Judaism, Islam, Christianity

OLD CITY OF JERUSALEM

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6.10 Jerusalem: Contested Space

•Judaism’s Jerusalem•Western (Wailing) Wall

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6.10 Jerusalem: Contested Space

JEWS PRAYING AT THE WESTERN WALL

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6.10 Jerusalem: Contested Space

•Islam’s Jerusalem•Dome of the Rock

DOME OF THE ROCK

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6.10 Jerusalem: Contested Space

WESTERN WALL AND DOME OF THE ROCK

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Chapter Review

•Key Questions•Where are religions distributed?•How do religions shape landscape?•Where are territorial conflicts between religions?