• Relate monomers and polymers
Objectives:
• Describe how polymers are formed and broken down in organisms.
• Describe the basic structure and function of carbohydrates.
• Describe the structure and function of lipids.
• Carbon compounds vary greatly in size.
Life’s Large Molecules
• Straight chains, branched chains, or rings.
• 4 types: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
• Life’s molecules = Organic = Carbon.
Polymers
• Small molecules (monomers) bond together to form long chains called polymers.
Building Polymers • Monomers are added to a chain by releasing a
water molecule.
• Dehydration reaction (synthesis).
6.3 Section Summary 6.3 – pages 157-163
Breaking Polymers • Cells break bonds between monomers by
adding water• Hydrolysis
reaction
• A carbohydrate is an organic molecule composed of C, H, and O with a ratio of about 1: 2: 1.
“Carbs”
• Main fuel supply for cellular work.
• 2 sugar monomers is a disaccharide (sucrose = glucose + fructose).
Carbohydrate Forms • A single carbohydrate monomer is called
a monosaccharide (ie. glucose, fructose, galactose)
• Energy storage or support.
Carbohydrate Forms • Polysaccharides are polymers composed
of many monosaccharide monomers. (ie. starch, glycogen, cellulose)
• Hydrophilic.
• Lipids are large organic molecules that are made mostly of carbon and hydrogen with a small amount of oxygen. (ie. fats, oils, waxes)
Lipids
• Hydrophobic
• Function: boundaries, messengers, stored energy.
• Fats: 3 carbon backbone + 3 fatty acid chains.
– saturated and unsaturated
– stored energy
Lipids
• Steroids: 4 fused rings.
– hormones, support
• How are monomers and polymers related?
• How are polymers formed?
• How are polymers broken down?
• What is a carbohydrate?
• What is a lipid?
Reconnect to Objectives