63.3.krotz

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International Relations Theory and the Rise of European Foreign

and Security Policy

Ulrich Krotz

Richard Maher

World Politics, Volume 63, Number 3, July 2011, pp. 548-579 (Article)

Published by Cambridge University Press

DOI: 10.1353/wp.2011.0012

For additional information about this article

Access Provided by Southern Mississippi, Univ of at 07/15/12 4:54PM GMT

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Review Article

InternatIonal relatIons

theory and the rIse oeuropean oreIgn and

securIty polIcyB ulrIch Krotz rIchard Maher*

J t. ck, . 2007.International Institutions and Socialization in Europe.nw yk: cmbi uivi p, 292 .

Mi cm, . 2008. Developments in EU External Relations Law. ox:ox uivi p, 336 .

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s g. J. 2007. The Rise o European Security Cooperation. nw yk: cm-bi uivi p, 310 .

ci o. M. 2007. The Quest or a European Strategic Culture: Changing

Norms on Security and Deence in the European Union. Bik: pvMmi, 232 .Mi e. smi. 2004.Europes Foreign and Security Policy: The Institutionaliza-

tion o Cooperation. nw yk: cmbi uivi p, 308 .

at i mi-1960, vi wim e- ii i i i, i, w -ik m m v qik m, iiv

imiv ivm i i .1

hwv, bi-i i mi-1990, i mm i -i i (cfsp) e i i (esdp),e ii i mi ii i ii vv i bi b bi. t vi wim, i, m ii i.

* W i World Politics m viw m-m i.

1 g 199798; h 1975; hm 1966; hm 1982; hm 2000; zik

1998. a ii xi i g 1973.World Politics63, . 3 (J 2011), 54879ci 2011 t pi uivii: 10.1017/s0043887111000141

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irtheory&europeanforeign policy 549

2 Mvik 2009; Mvik 2010; Mvik 2010b.

ai, v iv i, i-, iii bk e i-i i i i ib b. am

vm, v iif m i i im:

wi i i e i bii -m i i m i e f i

w ii; iiiii bi i, -

bii, i i i i i; i e mii i iii; m m ibjiv -

i, ii v i i mm e i .

I, wi mb im e i i i, ik e w i m b, i i, mi i im wi mi mii- vi. o im bv e ii e i w w ii i ibi, wi ui s eu .2

g, i vm mi i fm -i immi i, i, i, iv im bw vm wi imb ivib. ti i ii im i q-i: w i i e i i i, i, - i, wi iif x i v f , m wk im if i i ? a v m b-v e ii kw, i i v b

i iivi i i. sm e i, , e bmi m iv w , w , Bii, b mmbiv. I m i, ki, e

vi i ii , w i , mii , f im bw vm - qik mi .

a bk j i i mii i i qi, m, w i-ei i i i bm m i

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550 worldpolitics

m w i w i . t bii i m w i-i viw w . t i iv v j

w i i, w m i, w xi ivii im. Wi k v i w xi i i ii i, m ii i mj iii i w ii m b: -im, vi iiiim iiiii, i ivim. t wii bi i i-if imii w w mi ir i

i wi i ii e ii.Mv, i k i i i wi e i-i ii b wk v ,i, wi iv i i.

tki bk i , ii bi v m i mi f . ci -, wk imi m i i i iq ii,

ii mivi bi i, -i v i i . i, w w ir xi i i i e i i i? I w w i vib ii i iibi w i? oi i i iiiii i m bvi ii ii ei i i? o i iv m v- i i ii e -

i ?s, wi w e mm i-

i i i i i? t viw ii wk, w vi f, mim imii, m i i iibi e i i i, -i, i. ri i i i i m e m m ui s;

vi i i imm i w e b biigm i e ii i iii; b- i ui s i m m. hii iii-i xi i ii-

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iii i i mk i i i m v ki i im i v v . civi

ii iiii i mvi b i- mi vi i i-iv im m, i, iii, i i, ii, i.3

t i i , i v e ii, eu fi. W i e ii i i i,i, im ? tw i -m i wi i i i i f immi B? tw m i wi i vm i

i w iv v i i i b iiv mm ii, m i vi iimm i Bk mi v m i i i c, Bk, b-s ai? o i m i wi w i w w i bi iw iv? ab fi i m -imk, ii i m i

i i ii imi, i b .n, iivi bk i - ii m iki - m-i b e i i i: imim i imb i i i i i wi b w . t wk e i i i i v ii i i e ii. a miimm, i i i wi b b v

xi xi biv v i b wi b b v (1) w, w ii, w x- e wi i i i i m; (2) iv im i ,ii ii i m, i-ii, m, , ii vib; (3) q e ii, e , wii m b.

3 I ii, imk i mi ui s iii: iv m i ii e i, evm iv, iivi. s c 2004; Vi 2001.

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552 worldpolitics

a m im, i , e m f i i w, i imim -i i w iiv

vi. W i m i i, e v-m i mi i f i ii. t b i a-ami iv-i Iq i M 2003 eu mmb i wi r-i, i v i, i ii - i, w, iv.4 I i qi vii i i i (-)eii w ii i i i i ii i wi e i i wi i

v i im imi ii i i . I i iki imibii bi i v i i ii, i, b i ik v vi ii.

ti i i i w. t f i xmi mfii i k w, v , w f m m e i, i,

i wi ii i ii i. tx i i e i i i -i i m mi i ir : im, vi iiiim, i ivim. t f i w mb ii m i vi bk i . I i i i fi m, i i viw bj m i mi,

w i ii im.

the emergenceofa newfieldofstudy

di v e i, i, i ii , fii i, i, i i m m wi mb w i. t i, i w, x xm i vib. ti i

4 o Iq, g si 2004, 12836; i, ab 2010; B2009, . . 9; M 2011, . 6. aii, i i, smi 2010. ii mi mii e m i i i, i, , K 2009.

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i b vi wki i f mv i i ii i i xiii i. Wi i m vi i

ivi i mii i i e i i i, i i mi kw bj m.

am bk viw, xm, J bk wi vibi ii i:i iii, mi i, m i, mii- . smi i vibi ii ii w i i: qiiv ii- i qiiv . t qiiv ii

i xi e pii ci (epc) i cfspmm ii ji i m 1970 1995, mb i i wi wi eu i i , xi eu i i i i-m. t qiiv ii i i x-i eu i i i iv eu mmb . M xm i m-iv v ii e i

. t cm cm Wi vm -m ii ii eu i i, i i, w mxi eu x i w x

wi vm b jii vi i -i i i.

t x i ivi i ii. i i, i, xiv mi i i. t i i i mii , i wi b e cmmii iivi -

i vm v b iv. t eu mb ki mii, b wii i e.i i i i i imm-i m i, iimii, w

tm si im vi.5 ti i imii i mb, i wi ei ii wki eu.6 xm, eu ( w iivi vm) im i I

i i bi b iv si ci i 5 si 1966.6 J 2007, . 4.

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554 worldpolitics

i im im m. d i, ii xiv i ii i -i , i m ii i

w m vm i.7

d- i i mii ivi, wiM im i ii e, i i v i (. 13943). t v xiv- miii mi e vm m im i b

w i i m b i ii i i i,i, , w m i, w v i v im.

r bi imb e -i i i i i w xi -im, b b W W II. t i-c e i i i i, wepc 1970 1980.8 M i, e v ii iii vm i W W II i m i i i i. t viw, i me i i i, i, i w

m. W i w, wv, i f im e b ii iv ii i i ki -w, b e. a ii i iqiiv i m wi w i w v i

v .m, e i mbi mxi

i i i . n i i mi vm b mi i - m b k i . t e i

i i b mbi, i i -i ivm . t e cmmiii mii i i m b mmb .9 Ivm i m m eu mmb b eu mmb i m . o iivi e vm m i-. a im mm ii m w-v mmb

7 o i i i imim i i , w -

i ii i e i m 1970 f w-f , K 2011.8 o c Vi c e, s 1994, . 12, 13; epc,

n 1992.9 o , Mi 2007.

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m if i. a im i k , xm, Bii--gm iki ii wi I. Iivi i -

i ii wi i wii i e, -gm Bii wi ui s. I i, e- vm i bw i iim,biim, miim i i i e

v i.t mi W e i m W

W II w iwi wi bii w,u.s. ivvm i i i, we ii.10 t e d cmmi (edc) w

1951 e c s cmmi (ecsc) ibii e vm ii m .

t edc w v bi e ii ixWgm, , I, Bx iiv i- i i , i w v emii. t edc iv i i 1954 b b w --m q: nato -ai m iivk v i i , im i

i mi ii i ii mi v i-. t, m , ii ii vi i m im iki b e i-i i i i mi. m iiiw vm e ii i 1950, i i i iv i mii v ii.

si i 1990, wv, wi e i m vi i Bk, eu bm m i b

mi i iif mmi mi w wi i-mi ii i. I dmb 2003 eu i

v f ii iq i , a s ei B W, i i mb i wii k i, if .11 t im w i i i i m B mmb i i i m ii. hwv, v i i

10 hi smi 2000; Ki 2005; l 1998; l 2003; tb 1999.11 e cmmii 2003. sbq, i M 2010 m

-m ( i, 202030) i eu i w ii iii. s e ci 2010.

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f bi m, i i i e i xiv m mi i-.12

ev Bii, mbiv v i e -

i , v i dmb 1998 s.M, w pim Mii t Bi , wi piJq ci , Bii i eu bm ii bk b mii bii.13 l fv ,i M 2003, eu k v nato i Bi M-i, mki eu f mii mii. I J m e mbk mii c, euf mii mii i e.

t i i ii e ii-

iim, i b e h, ivm-im, iii m b s hm iiv i i mi wb xm if i imib i i i m.14 t mi i i mwk e ii e ii-iim, im, miv vv mji m eu i i i.15 ui -

m wi , ii e i-i mi i m mi vm i ir.

ov 1990, aw Mvik w m f m im k i i bw e ii ir , mi ib ivmi mbi hmii im wi ib k i i( ) i mi i ii.16 I-

iii, i ivi, i xi e ii w.17 t bk i i

12 vviw vm xi e i i i mvi , W 2005; Kki Mn 2008; smi 2008; Bii 2010; civ-vi 2010; M, , I 2011.

13 hw 2000.14 h 1958; h 1975; hm 1966; hm 1982.15 o K d ii wk iim bi, d 1954;

d . 1957; d 1963; i d ii, p 1970; Ki 1976; s- s sw 1998. o i , eii 1965; sii 1972; eii 2001.

o miv v, h Mk 2001; J 2001; l K-K2009.16 Mvik 1991; Mvik 1993; Mvik 1997; Mvik 1998.17 pi 1996; cw, c, ri 2001; ii, s, s sw 2001;

p 2003; r 2010.

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i x i i i ir ii e iii im i, i, i.

W m i ii ii f wi iw qi, i, x-i. ir i w i wi e iii vi v, xi, i i i - i wi e ii ii b wk v.

realism: Binding germany, autonomyfromthe

united

states

, Balancing

t i i e i i i w , w e ii i , i .18 Wi svi ui Wwp, e i ii ii ii. ai, m i x e i-i, wi nato, wk ; m v iiw mii e i.19 hwv,

vi b w m mii i , e i bm m ii-ii. I viwi i mi , e v i i-i i i. I vm, im b m f i hm i 1966 i bii i- i e20 i i b e ii.

I The Rise o European Security Cooperation, J k w,

m i m i , e v b b m i m i bii i i i e i iii (cfsp); imii mi i e i -i bi; bi m i; i e- mii . J ib i i i-ei i i b i-i m i m i e wi

w. Wi svi ui, ii18 c-Wx 2006.19 Mim 1990; W 1993.20 exi i gi 1995; gi 1996.

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m i m bii ii. tw bq v-m i vim i e i i bii. i, if gm m i

i m. t, i 1990, ui s b i i ci, ii b i -m mmim e i. B

w i i biii i qiibim ie. I i, m ivib wiw ui s m ci w w vm i e.

t im ii i i-ibi w, i J, miv e

i i w mi . i, evm, ii gm, w xi mii bii i e. Wi gm i i iv w ui s v m e, i iimm m.21 e vm bi gmi e i iii v i m mi i-bii. ti w b gm i q viii w b gm ii

i w vi i imm.t w i e bii j wb i i ui s. wi w, i w ivib e ui s w f i i wi m mibii i i . t w i m y-vi i 1990 i i w i m .e, b ivii i, i i b i Bk. t ui s, vi

immi i i i i, e jb mv. o i bm i wk ami mii i kii v -ibii nato w k i ui s iv. t wi Bi Kv m v ii i miibiii bw ui s e. wi

w, e i v m miibii w w ui s .

ami ii, i J (. 2124 im), w ii e i i.

21 o i imm i ii ii, h 1950; Bf 1951; Jvi 1978;, m , g 1997.

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Wi iii ui s ki e, J i-e i i w v qik i b ami ii.

ami ami mii- ii w e i. I w m iii im mivi bi e ii w e i ui s i i m i w ii.

J vi vi mi iifi i i-e i i v i mi-i i i i i w i. a im i , eu b i i e-

i iii (cfsp). W bw 1950 1990 e- vm im mi i i ec i w v (12 ),i 1991 eu mmb v im mi i eu i w- w-v (78 ) (. 97). e m m ik i wi , wi ami fm. a eu w i w mii i

ibii.t bk, wv, wi i ki, i w biv e imiv biiimi, ii-, mii, w v - i i e im mbii.22 xm, J xmi w ei i eectivem. e m v iw i iii, e m b imi -i eu m m i i w,

b i bi ? a , xm, ii bvi ? a e ibi i biii w i m? ob m qi i ii i wwi ii k i ui s ivi Iq e w ivi. Jvi s, im i iv cfsp, w m mii i - ivi. W i b iv

i iii b e im?ai bj m i ,J im mii v m

22 ti biii-xi i . s hi 1993.

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i. xm, i ii mi ii, wi e i i bi i ii, ii im ii i, wi

i m k e imk.ti i mw i b, i , ii m im i vim i wi ; mi m.23 I i, wv, w kw ii , i mivi, i i m , b m -i. J m i e ii. xm, i xi w b - m gm imk i-e -

i i, w e Bii, n, p, v i c e e v i mii im nato.

a mb i v i i e ii i .24 Wi i imiii b im ii m ii i w, b b i b mivi bi i. B p, x-

m, ib i i-e i i -ii b w ( b ) mi.25e i i, i p , i miv b immi m ui s. I, evm b miii i m i- biii. Wi ui s e i m v mm i, i v m i bjiv. B ki v mi ,e i wi b b i ui

s i ii mm i vi.ri i viw w e i bi

i ui s , i , w i bi i . s Bk Wiim W vi bi. t i i -, bi mbii, miv i i i-e i i.26 Ki lib g

23

W 1986, 34344; p 2006, 160.24 a 2004; h-pi 2006; K 2002; K 2003; p 2006.25 viw, hw M 2009. t mi wk b

im i W 1987.26 Bk W 2005; Bk W 2008, 8083.

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ax viw e i i mi v mi b u.s. -.27 rb a k i wi b viw. h

miv bi eu i i i biii i bi ui s.28sif, Bii esdp i iii wii i i bi, b ami mii m wi bi.29

o i wi i m i e i- i i wi v mi -i bw ui s e m qi im.30 a e m i

i w ii i ui s i b-i i , ui s e wi fi i wi m mmi i i w i i immi m.

institutionalism: path dependenceand legalization

Wi bk mb i v , Mi

smi m m viib xi ii- iiii xii i-i e i i i i.31 I Eu-ropes Foreign and Security Policy: The Institutionalization o Cooperation,smi k w ec/eu mmb v b b iii i i i i i i 1970 wi im- i vi iivi mmb vii v i i i B. smi xi, wv, w vi i-

iii mbi m ii, i-i, ii ii.32 a : eu i i m- m wk ivm m ii b im

27 lib ax 2005.28 a 2004; a 20056.29 a 2004, 199.30 h-pi 2006, 23132; J 2007, 23843; Kii 2001, . 2; p 2006, 185.31 I ii bk, smi 2000; smi 2001; smi 2004; smi 2004b. -

i , gib 2001.32 h t 1996; h, K, W 1999; pi 2004; K Wi 2005; K 2010. o mbii ii ivi , W 2002. i ii iiiim i m smi wk, i2004.

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562 worldpolitics

ii i m iiii i-mki m v- b i ii.33

ai smi, e i i i i

i b i iii; ivv biibw mmb v, xm, i m iik (i-if bbi i vi xi, im wi i ); i mi b ( i ix-m i iv m im-i i ii); w mm mi ( smi i , i- i ii b m i i wi mmiii). ex i, b ami w ami

i i, xi i. n i ii iv (. 2532).34

I, e i i i i m iiiii bi i,i, bii, m bk i v xmii i ii . p w i-m, mk b b i i q, x i i f mi epc i 1970.

a smi f, eu i i w bi i ivm i bi bi, i bm m iiii i i i v x.35 ti iiiii i b i iii w, i w wk i m b i B.

Iii i i i i -i b w mim. t f, m im, i mi.B i smi m iiiii k e v-

m m i i fx ii qii i i i wi i evm.36 t i i iii. ti ii m i i w im iib mi i ii i ii b iv ii.37

hii, iiiii, i smi, v i (. 4049). t f b wi i epc

33 smi 2004, 103.34 s smi 2004, 9698.35 smi 2004, 99.36 smi 2004, 101.37 smi 2004, 1012.

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i 1970. ti w i ivm m, b im ixiv (i ii ), m i mii i ec mmb

. gvm f w i i i i i i i iii.a , w i xi iii mi b-w i mii w i biv vm.

t vm vm- epc wk. t wk i i x, b, mmb i i bim ec mmb. t mi bm m q, imi i w, wki w , x m m-

mii w v. a smi i , i i iq i m m i miii i bvi, i, mm (ii) . t i i i i ivm kw bm mb wk-i wi . t v, i bm (w b ii x).

t i ivv i iiiii ,

wi i m m, ii x-i eu vm w b ki ii im i, vm acquis poli-tique. Wi 1992 Mi t, cfsp bm eu i, wi m i Ji hmai. Wi w epc, smi mii, cfsp wv b if i imib iv.

eu i i bm ii i mi.lii i i iiiv m iiii-

i. I ivv ii im i vmi i i i .38 lii bii vm bj bvi i i i mii k i i.

I EU Foreign Relations Law: Constitutional Fundamentals De-velopments in EU External Relations Law, cm Wi m xi iiiii e- i i i b mm

iii wk bj. t i m ii i eu x i k vi w

38 gi . 2001.

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564 worldpolitics

w xi eu i x -i i si e a (sea) Mi t; jii viw: w v i iki

j-m ii w i iv cmmii, ci, pim, ii ivii m bw eu Mmb s (cm Wi 2008, xii).

a w vm, eu i iv w miv i vm mxi (cm

Wi 2008, xiii). t i ii vm b w w i i m vm i, eu i ib i (i vi i

vi), eu ib i, i, ii,iii, ii m mk b -i eu mmbi.

a m im, v i i i bmm i, mmb v i ii i mi, i i vi i i.39 ti m b iiiii i . q, iiiii xi i i i wi

vi i k. d iiiii i v f i Bi, Kv, Iq, - ii i i wi ri. ti, m mi , m bbi w iii ii m , eu,m v W mi wi i -i, b vb mi iv iiiii i.

Wi i iiiii ii i-mi im vm i eu i i i,

qi i v i . I m i, ii-iii i i x mi ii, i i mi , xi ii mi iii, ii i i i , miv vi, b i i v. evi im iii im mi i ii k.

i, iiiim b v i mi -

i iii vi, i mi iiiii. smi i i: -

39 smi 2001.

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i i, miv i, i ( i-ii) i (. 33). a ii iiii, ii-i vv im v im. I m i,

wv, iii vm i m. I , i qiibimmi b b xi iiiii e- i i i.40 p qiibim i i i i b iv bi i mj .cfsp w m i gm m M-i ii mi i. simi, imi m i 1998 -Bii m i s. M.

social constructivism: strategic culture, normativeconvergence, socialization

s v ivi iv xi vi e ii, ii i ii m; e i i wii ami- imim; iii i ; vi e ii.41 B v iv-

im xi e i i. s i w m vv ki w mm e i i mi w i i xi i m m w i i bvi.

r m ib b ei i ii im. a mb ( i i ) i ii vim e i i, i, , i w b biii, wi qi i

i, v, iii, i , ii-m m mii , w m e i w. I im iv i i, m mi imk biv, i i i i ik v i.

I The Quest or a European Strategic Culture, M x wi i i i e v vi w. si mi -

m, bi, i b i w, i i40 K 1984; K 1988; e g 1972.41 Mnm 1999; cii, J, Wi 2001; p 2003; simmi

2003; Ki 2005; ck 2007; K 2007; ck Ki 2009; ri 2010.

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566 worldpolitics

i , iim m (. 2). t mi ii, M f i ii v m e i

iiii ii i w; iim mii ivi ki; un, ii ii mii ; ivii mii i i-m (. 185). Wi M im b b mivv m Bii, , gm, p ( i ii i i bk), i ii i xi: [n]miv v i m i bi v bm mib, b

i v w (. 11).I xii miv v, M if

mim: i i i x i vim; iii iii imi mmii iv iiv ; mii ii i, b wi m miv i

wii mi i i xii i m i i (. 6). t miv v

x wi ii e i imiM m bi ii , -i w, qii b ik k x- b i imi ii mmi.

W i e i, w i i i i i? M m w hmii pw e, w i v w mim v ik i i , m i ii qim [

mii ], wi m eu wi i w, -i , wi bi b miiim (. 30). ti i w i : hvi e, w e w imi i bmmim f, v mii i nato, ivi im i; gb pw e, i

wi e w i w m ivi

w ii, ii i iik, i - ik, w ii .a M k im qi x -

i b, i w mm e i

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i mi w i mi v bviim mi iiv. ev M -w i i m (. 42). Mv, m-

i xi i ( -miv v) i i wii i ii mi -i k. si mi iv mm b xi m ii.42 c mi ifi i w -i mi i. t if i iq M. a m vi e -i m mi

imi i M .43di ki im wii mi ivi m

(. 5) simmi, Ki, im, ck,m , -i i b iivi i-m, bk i ii i. ev w M -i b , i i m xii w vib ii . Mv, - b ii v i w

iq ivi ii iii ii-ib m xi i iv i ir. xm, M Bii, , gm, pv i m ii m

wi i ii i w i w -miv m i i x -i . hwv, i b q m ixi b ii mii . I, i w bii ( i i ii i)

i i m i i i ii i w w i v sviui Ww p .

a , bm i b ii x-ii i iv xi. o i iii wi ii im, i im, b i ii if w im ii w i wi iv

m m, , i xi im42 s, xm, J 1998; Ki 1996; Ki 1997; K mi.43 gii 2006.

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568 worldpolitics

vm. t i wii i bjim mii ifmi m w i m-

wk b xi m wi iv.

ti, i i ii i bk i i e i i i.44 xm, miv v -i i i i b iim mii . M i vi vvi -miv v. si b i i- vib, i bjiv.

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i wii m, M qii. o i wi iii iii i .

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J ck ib vi m-

i i ivi . t vm bi i-i i ii iii i vim

44 iiq i, , M, I 2010.

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iii i m m ii b iivi imk ; iii v iiv w ii (. 19).

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i : i i, i, mivi (. 916, 24351).

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i w, -i ii (. 16). u, - k if cfsp esdp. I w v b iiv m fi wi M smi.46

wherethe field stands

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iv, m e v - i bii i i i i, -i, i ii .

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45 M o 2006.46

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ii b ii. W i mkb, wv, iki i wii m miv, im ii.

sm i ib i i e i i i m m ui s f i w ii. o i ii b wmi ( ami ii). sm, J,v bi mi . y ii i i vi i i i imm bi gm i e iii. Iiii i-i m iv im i q

v i i ivi i, w

- v ii iii v-i i. civi iv w iiiii v w m m i i iii : iii ii iii miv v wi iv. ti, wi wk i m ei, i, i iif x i v f , mi b

xi w i , qi w i wk m im m i b . xm, wi eu w b mm ii i ix- w bwri gi i a 2008, ii i eu mi-i gi mi ri mi wiw mgi , eu i ivi ii Kv i-.

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j i.47 ti qi i i: w e i i i i, i, m

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, i i w i w i mii i i i-. t , i mj i wk i ib ir i e i i i i.

a ibir

mi w mi i -i ii, i, mi iii, v mk i m ik.

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iv ii ii m xiv xi ii i i m wk. t qi i i wi ik i.49

conclusion: theoretical promiseand political importance

t wi v w m e ii i i-

i i ii wi ii i . s v48 Mvik 2009, 40910. bi i w ib ir e i,

i, i k ik, Mvik 2009, 40910; hk 2010.49 o i iim, si Ki 2010.

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iif wi xi i e -i i, i, i. ti m m-iii wk m imi

i e i im, w ivi ii -i f i. t w f mb mii i i i ii im.

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, , vi wim mj -i i im? si v eii vi ir wi m i i: m ii , b w, , iii, mj w ii , i imm,bi i ii, - , iim i. Wi imi i i bk- b i e i i i

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wi ii ivvm vi e-v iii f, b ivm i.

tki mi ii m mi i w

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, , eu, i, i, ii i im w i mi ii. Wi t-, Mi, c, Bimk e i

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B i mi bj m, i i b-i ii im. t e i i -

i i, i, mi wi b i i e i f i , w , f i i w. I , e vm ii imi ui s i 1940: b i im m i xi iv i i w i mbii m i imi biii. ei ik b b vi i i ifi wiv v i. e wi v

i wwi i ivv i ik, i wi v mi wi mi b b wi -b. o m w vm i ei i i i im bv e -ii v b w e b b.50

am v e i i i i wi i, m -i m imi i i ii b m

ii imk ii m, i i v, mi i vii e ii j. simi, fi iw e- i i, i, i, w e- ii , im wi ivv iiii.

I , e m iv i i i, i, w mk mi i m w e x-

i v w iw i--bi, w , wi i ,

50 xm, hw 2009; hw 2010; V 2010.

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574 worldpolitics

ii i m i i i. s ew mk iif bi wii i .

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