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BASIC RECOVERY METHODS

AND RIGGING TECHNIQUES

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Terminal Learning Objective (TLO)

ACTION: Define rigging methods and

techniques.CONDITION: In a classroom environment,

given instruction, with references.

STANDARD: IAW applicable references.

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RESPONSIBILITY

Recovery is the responsibility of the

owning unit.

Accomplished with specifically designed

equipment, similar equipment, or self-

vehicle recovery.

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PURPOSE

First step in the repair and return to userprocess.

Recovery is to remove disabled orunserviceable equipment from the line of fire

in the forward area to a place wheredamage can be assessed and the repairlevel can be determined.

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METHODS OF RECOVERY

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Methods

Winching

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Methods

Lifting

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Methods

Towing

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Methods

Expedients

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8 Steps to Recovery

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1. Check the terrain for an approach to theload; then determine the method of riggingand the availability of natural anchors. Aswith a tactical mission, a recovery crew mustknow the problem before making decisions.

2. Make a complete ground survey of thearea; then select the best route of approachto the disabled vehicle to prevent possibledisablement of the recovery vehicle.

3. When selecting the evacuation route,ensure the military route classificationnumber will support the combination vehicleclassification.

Reconnoiter area

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Estimate the resistance created by the load

and determine the capacity of the availableeffort. for most recovery operations involvingwinching, the available effort would be themaximum capacity of the winch. In somerecovery operations, the maximum distancebetween the winch and the disabled vehiclecould be restricted, making the available

effort as little as half the winch capacity.

Estimate situation

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Compute an estimatedmechanical advantage for therigging by dividing theresistance of the load by theavailable effort.

Calculate ratio

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1. Compute the tackle resistance and totalresistance. Determine the resistance of thetackle. The percent of the load resistance asdetermined in step 2 is multiplied by the

number of sheaves in the rigging. Thedetermined resistance of the tackle added tothe load resistance equals the totalresistance.

2. Total effort available is winch capacitymultiplied by the mechanical advantage. Ifeffort available is more than total resistance,proceed to "Verify Solution". If it less, go to"Calculate Ratio" and add mechanicaladvantage.

Obtain resistance

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1. Compute line forces to compare with thewinch and dead line capacities. Divide thetotal resistance by the mechanical advantage.The result is the force of the fall line. The fallline force must be less than the capacity ofeffort. Therefore, this step of the recovery

procedure is the key step to solving theproblem.

2. When verifying the solution, if thecomputed fall line force is greater than theeffort, the mechanical advantage must beincreased. Note that no physical work has

occurred up to this point. As a result, no timeis lost moving equipment or having to reerectrigging equipment, Compute the dead lineforce, determine the required strength ofequipment capacity, and choose the correctequipment to use as dead lines.

Verify solution

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Orient the crew, instruct them toassemble the tackle, and then move to a

safe location. Advise the crew membersof the plan, direct them to erect thetackle, and then assign specific tasks.crew members can save time by having athorough knowledge of the tackle to beerected and by helping each other.

Observe all safety precautions!

Erect rigging

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Make sure that tackle is rigged forproper and safe operation. Directthe operator to remove most of theslack from the lines and to inspectfor correct assembly. If any

corrections must be made, directthe crew members to make them.Explain the details of theoperations to the operators of therecovery vehicle and the other

vehicles involved. Directoperators to be prepared to watchfor and act on signals. Ten moveto a safe location where signalscan be observed by all vehicle

operators.

Recheck rigging

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Signal the operator to apply

winch power and recover theload. Be alert and make surethat nothing obstructs theoperations of the equipment,and that all personnel on the

ground remain at a safelocation.

You are ready

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FUNDAMENTALS,PRINCIPLES AND TERMS

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Mechanical Advantage

Mechanical advantage is a small amount offorce applied over a long distance to move a

great load a short distance (multiplication of

force)

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Mechanical Advantage

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Mechanical Advantage

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Mechanical Advantage

Block and tackle system

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FIBER ROPE

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Fiber Rope Used for light and medium loads

Guide lines for lifting devices

Wash with water and hang up to dry

Ends should be secured to prevent unraveling

Store in cool dry place

Avoid dragging SWC=d

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WIRE ROPE

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Wire Rope Used for heavy loads

Avoid using kinked

cable Always lubricate with

CL or unused engineoil

Avoid storing nearcorrosive liquids

SWC= 8d

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Wire Rope

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CHAINS

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Chains

Used as sling or dead lines

Chains should be inspected for cracks Chains should never be painted

SWC=8d

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BLOCKS

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Block Components

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Conventional Block

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Snatch Block

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CLASSIFICATION

Single, double, and triple sheave

Size is determine by its rated

capacity, diameter of the sheaves,

the of cable used with the block, and

the number of sheaves

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TACKLE TERMINOLOGY

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Lines

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BLOCK CONFIGURATIONS

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Fixed BlockChanges direction of pull without affecting MA

Gains mechanical advantage during self recovery

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Running Block

Attached to and moves with the load

Gains mechanical advantage

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Floating BlockAllows an even amount of pull

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TACKLE SYSTEMS

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Simple Tackle System

One or more blocks

threaded or reeved

with a rope

To determine the MA

of a simple tackle

system, count the

number of lines

supporting the load

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Compound Tackle System

Two or more blocks reeved

with more then one rope

combination of two or moresimple tackle systems

fastened together

MA is determined by

multiplying the product ofeach simple tackle system

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RESISTANCE

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Grade Resistance

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Overturning Resistance

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Wheel Depth Mire

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Fender Depth Mire

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Turret/Cab Depth Mire

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ESTIMATE THE AMOUNT OFRESISTANCE MET, THE SAME

WAY AS FOR A LAND

RECOVERY. IN SOME

INSTANCES THERESISTANCE TO OVERCOME

IS LESS

WATER RESISTANCE

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Tackle Resistance Reduces total available pulling power

For each passage of rope through a block

there is a 10% loss of energy

The rule to determine tackle resistance is

10% of load times the number of sheaves in

the rigging

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METHODS OF RIGGING

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Load Reduction Factors Power to tracks 40% reduction

Recover in the opposite direction of travel

10% reduction

Combination of 50%

Only pertains to tracked vehicles

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Methods of RiggingBack Up Method

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Methods of RiggingLead Method

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Methods of RiggingMan Power Method

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ANCHORS

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AnchorsNatural Anchors

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AnchorsSand Parachute

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AnchorsPicket Holdfast

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AnchorsLog Deadman

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AnchorsScotch Anchor

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TOWING

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Towing Operations

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Towing Operations

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Towing Operations

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SAFETY

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Unsafe Areas

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Hook Positions

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Towing Attachments

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SLING LEG FORCE

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Sling Leg Force

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L

O

AD

32,000 pounds

Mired W heel Depth12,000 LB WINCH

FALL LINE

RETURN LINES

DEAD LINES

ANCHOR

LINES OF A TACKLE

SYSTEM

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LOAD RESISTANCE

(LR)

WEIGHT OF VEHICLE AND CARGO x MIRE RESISTANCE

VEHICLE 30,000 LBS

CARGO +2,000 LBS

32,000 LBS

MR MIRE RESISTANCE

WHEEL DEPTH x 1

LOAD RESISTANCE 32,000 LBS

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MECHANICAL ADVANTAGE(MA)

TOTAL LOAD RESISTANCE DIVIDED(TLR)

BY THE AVAILABLE EFFORT (AE)

TLR 41,600 LBS DIVIDED BY AE 12,000 LBS

= 3.46

MA IS 4:1

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TACKLE RESISTANCE

(TR)

10% PER SHEAVE x NUMBER OF SHEAVES IN THE

SYSTEM

NUMBER OF SHEAVES 3

10% PER SHEAVE x 10% or .10

30%

LOAD RESISTANCE 32,000 LBSx .30 or 30%

TACKLE RESISTANCE 9,600 LBS

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TOTAL LOAD RESISTANCE

(TLR)

LOAD RESISTANCE (LR) + TACKLE RESISTANCE (TR)

LR 32,000 LBSTR + 9,600 LBS

TLR 41,600 LBS

FALL LINE FORCE

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FALL LINE FORCE

(FLF)

TOTAL LOAD RESISTANCE DIVIDED BY THE

MECHANICAL ADVANTAGE

TLR 41,600 LBSDIVIDED BY MA 4

FLF 10,400 LBS

NOTE: THE FALL LINE FORCE CAN NOT EXCEED THEAVAILABLE EFFORT OR WINCH CAPACITY

DEAD LINE FORCE

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DEAD LINE FORCE

(DLF)

NUMBER OF SUPPORTED WINCH LINES x THE FLF

SUPPORTED WINCH LINES 4

FLF x 10,400 LBS

DLF 41,600 LBS

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AVAILABLE EFFORT 12,000 LBS

LOAD RESISTANCE 32,000 LBS

TACKLE RESISTANCE 9,600 LBS

TOTAL LOAD RESISTANCE 41,600 LBS

MECHANICAL ADVANTAGE 4:1

FALL LINE FORCE 10,400 LBS

DEAD LINE FORCE 41,600 LBS