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COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY (66) THIRD SEMESTER

MARKS Theory

Practical

Sl. No

Subject code

Name of the subject

T P C

Cont. assess

Final exam.

Cont. assess

Final exam.

Total

1 6622 Programming Language-I 2 3 3 20 80 25 25 150 2 6632 Computer Application-II 0 6 2 - - 50 50 100 3 6841 Digital Electronics-1 3 6 5 30 120 50 50 250 4 6832 Industrial Electronics 2 3 3 20 80 25 25 150 5 5931 Mathematics-III 3 3 4 30 120 50 - 200 6 5922 Physics-2 3 3 4 30 120 25 25 200 7 5811 Social Science-1 2 0 2 20 80 50 - 150 Total 15 21 22 1100

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Subject Code Industrial Electronics T P C 6832 2 3 3

AIMS To provide understanding and skill on SCR and TRIAC. To provide understanding and skill on phase controlled rectifier. To provide understanding and skill on wave shaping circuits. To familiarize with integrated circuits. To give an understanding on the Operational Amplifier. To develop comprehensive knowledge and skill on power switching device. To provide understanding and skill on optoelectronic device and security system. To provide understanding and skill on special electronic equipment. To familiarize with the programmable logic controller.

SHORT DESCRIPTION UJT, SCR, PUT, DIAC, TRIAC, controlled rectifier, wave shaping circuits,

integrated circuit, Operational amplifier, Power switching devices; Optoelectronic device; Security system; Special electronic equipment and Programmable logic controller.

DETAIL DESCRIPTION Theory:

1. Understand the Concept of Unijunction Transistor (UJT) 1.1 CE¢eS¡wne VÊ¡e¢SØV­ll NWe I L¡kÑfÐZ¡m£ hZÑe¡ Ll (Describe the structure and operation of UJT)..........................................................................................................11 1.2 pja¥mÉ p¡¢K©‡Ui mvnv‡h¨ UJT †K wPwýZKiY (Identify the UJT by its equivalent circuit).......13 1.3 ØVÉ¡ä Ag ®l¢nJ Gi msÁv wbY©q Ki (Define standoff ratio)...................................................14 1.4 UJT †Kb GKwU _vBwi÷i bq (Explain why UJT is not a thyristor).................................. .14 1.5 GKwU UJT ¢lm¡­„ne A¢p­jU‡ii Kvh©vejx we‡k­lY Ki (Analyze the operation of a UJT relaxation oscillator)........................................................................................... .15 1.6 UJT K‡›UªvjW SCR V¡Cj ¢X­m p¡¢LÑ®Vl Kvh©vejx we‡k­lY Ki (Analyze the operation of UJT controlled SCR dc operated time-delay circuit )............................................ .16

2. Understand the Concept of Silicon Control Rectifier (SCR) 2.1 b¡C¢lØV­ll pw‘¡ wbY©q Ki (Define Thyristors) ................................................................. .25 2.2 b¡C¢lØV­ll fÐL¡l­ic D‡j­L Ki (Mention the types of Thyristors)..................................... .25 2.3 SCR Gi NWe Hhw L¡h©cÖYvj£ hZÑe¡ Ll (Describe the construction & operation of SCR).... 26 2.4 SCR Hl V-I °h¢nøÉ ®lM¡ eY©bv Ll (Describe the V-I characteristics of SCR)................. 27 2.5 yB VÊ¡e¢SØVl mgZzj¨ mvwK©U wnmv‡e SCR Gi Kvh©vejx e¨vL¨v Ki (Explain the operation of SCR using two-transistor Equivalent circuit)........................................................ 28

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2.6 G¨v‡bvW Kv‡i‡›Ui mgxKiY wbY©q Ki (Derive the equation for anode current)....................... 29 2.7 wKfv‡e GKwU SCR Uvb© Ab Ges Ad Kiv hvq e¨vL¨v Ki (Explain how to turn an SCR on and off)................................................................................................................... 30 2.8 SCR Hl ¢h¢iæ fÐL¡l fÉ¡l¡¢jV¡­ll pw‘¡ wbY©q J ®l¢Vw D‡j­L Ki (Define various parameters and mention the ratings of SCR)...............................................................33 2.9 A‡Uv‡gwUK e¨vUvix PvR©vi Ges Bgv‡R©wÝ jvBwUs mvwK©©‡Ui Kvh©vejx e¨vL¨v Ki (Explain the operation of automatic battery charger, emergency lighting)................................... 36 2.10 wnUvi K‡›Uªvj Ges Ifvi †fv‡ëR †cÖv‡UKkb mvwK©‡Ui e¨vL v Ki (Explain heater control and over voltage protection circuits).............................................................................. 37 2.11 myBP wnmv‡e SCR Gi myweav D‡j­L Ki (Mention the advantages of SCR as a switch)....... 39 2.12 m¡CV HÉ¡L¢V­i­VX SCR Gi MVb Ges L¡kÑcÖYvjx eY©bv Ki (Describe the construction and operation of light activated SCR (LASCR))....................................................... 39

3. Understand the Concept of Controlled Rectifier 3.1 K‡›Uªvj †iKwUdvqv‡ii msÁv wbY©q Ki (Define Controlled Rectifier)..................................... 49 3.2 K‡›Uªvj †iKwUdvqv‡ii †kªYx wefvM D‡j­L Ki (Mention the types of control rectifier)............. 49 3.3 I‡qf †mc mnKv‡i SCR e¨eüZ †iwRw÷f I BÛvw±f †jvW wewkó nvd I‡qf K‡›UªvjW †eKwUdvqv‡ii Kvh©vejx eY©bv Ki (Describe the operation of half wave controlled rectifier using SCR for resistive and inductive load with wave shapes)..................... 50 3.4 †iwRw÷f I BÛvw±f †jvW wewkó nvd I‡qf K‡›UªvjW †eKwUdvqv‡ii Kv‡i›U Ges †fv‡ëR mgxKiY cÖwZcv`b Ki (Drive the equation for load current and voltage of half wave controlled rectifier for resistive and inductive load)................................. 51 3.5 I‡qf †mcmn wm½j †dR dzj I‡qf wgW-c‡q›U K‡›UªvjW †iKwUdvqvi, nvd K‡›UªvjW †iKwUdvqvi Ges dzj K‡›UªvjW eªxR †iKwUdvqv‡ii Kvh©cÖYvjx we‡k­lY Ki (Analyze the operation of single-phase full-wave mid-point controlled rectifier, Half controlled and full controlled bridge rectifier with wave shapes)............................................................ 52 3.6 †jvW Kv‡i›U Ges dzj I‡qf †fv‡ëR †iKwUdvqv‡ii mgxKiY cÖwZcv`b Ki (Drive the equation for load current and voltage of full wave rectifier) .................................... 52 3.7 BÛvKwUf †jvW wewkó K‡›UªvjW †iKwUdvqv‡ii wdª ûBj Wvq‡Wi cÖfve e¨vL¨v Ki (Explain the effect of freewheeling diode in rectifier circuit with inductive load)......................... 60 3.8 cwj-†dR K‡›UªvjW †iKwUdvqv‡ii Kvh©vcÖYvjx eY©bv Ki (Describe the operation of poly-phase controlled rectifier)................................................................................... 64 3.9 (a) Bjywg‡bkb mvwK©U, (b) Gwm I wWwm †gvU‡ii MwZ wbqš¿Y mvwK©‡Ui Kvh©cÖYvjx D‡j­L Ki (Mention the operation of (a) Illumination circuit (b) Speed control of dc and ac motors)....... 68

4. Understand the Concept of Programmable Unijunction Transistor (PUT) 4.1 PUT Hl NWe J L¡kÑ¡ejx hZÑe¡ Ll (Describe the structure and operation of the PUT)....... 75 4.2 PUT Hl ¢VÊN¡l ®i¡­ÒVS ¢Li¡­h ®pV Ll¡ qu (State how to set the trigger voltage of PUT).. 76 4.3 PUT J UJT Hl jdÉL¡l f¡bÑLÉ e¨vL¨v Ki (Explain the difference between a PUT & UJT)............................................................................................................. 77 4.4 PUT ¢lm¡­„ne A¢p­mV­ll L¡kÑ¡hmx we‡k­lY Ki (Analyze the operation of a PUT relaxation oscillator)................................................................................................... 78

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5. Understand the Concept of DIAC and TRIAC 5.1 X¡u¡L Gi NWe Hhw L¡kÑfÐZ¡m£ hZÑe¡ Ll (Describe the structure and operation of DIAC).... 81 5.2 X¡u¡L Gi V-I ¯h¢nøÉ ®lM¡ hÉ¡MÉ¡ Ll (Explain the I-V characteristics curve of DIAC)..... 82 5.3 VÊ¡u¡­Ll NWe eY©bv Ki (Describe the structure of TRIAC).............................................. 83 5.4 VÊ¡u¡­Ll SCR pja¥mÉ p¡¢LÑV eY©bv Ki (Discuss the SCR equivalent circuit of TRIAC)..... 84 5.5 VÊ¡u¡­Ll ¢VÊN¡¢lw ®j¡X hÉ¡MÉ¡ Ll (Explain the triggering modes of TRIAC)........................ 85 5.6 VÊ¡u¡­Ll ¯h¢nøÉ ®lM¡ eY©bv Ll (Describe the characteristics curve of TRIAC).................. 86 5.7 Uªvqv‡Ki Lj¤É­Vne eY©bv Ki (State the commutation of TRIAC)........................................ 88 5.8 DIAC J UJT hÉhq¡l L­l VÊ¡u¡­Ll g¡u¡¢lw p¡¢LÑ­Vi Kvh©vejx we‡k­lY Ki (Analyze the operation of TRIAC firing circuits using (i) DIAC (ii) UJT)..................................... 89 5.9 GKwU VÊ¡u¡­Ll †dR K‡›Uªvj, mÉ¡Çf wWgvi Ges wnU K‡›Uªvj mvwK©‡Ui Kvh©cÖYvjx wi‡k­lY Ki (Analyze the operation of a TRIAC phase control, lamp dimmer and Heat control circuit)..... 91

6. Understand the features of wave shaping circuits 6.1 ¢h¢iæ fÐL¡l J­ui ®mwcs mvwK©U D‡j­L Ki (Mention the types of wave shaping circuit)........ 99 6.2 RC Hhw RL ¢Xg¡­le¢p­u¢Vw Hhw C¢¾V­NË¢Vw p¡¢LÑ­Vl j§me£¢a Av‡jvPbv Ll (Discuss the principles of RC and RL differentiating and integrating circuits)............................ 100 6.3 wewfbœ cÖKvi BbcyU I‡qf †m‡ci Rb¨ wWdv‡iw݇qwUs I Bw›U‡MÖwUs mvwK©‡Ui AvDUcyU I‡qf we‡k­lY (Analyze the output waves for various input wave shapes of differentiating and integrating circuit)..................................................................................................... 104 6.4 PN S¡wne X¡­u¡X, ¢Se¡l X­u¡X Hhw VÊ¡e¢SØVl à¡l¡ ¢h¢iæ fÐL¡l ¢LÓf¡l p¡¢LÑ­Vl L¡kÑ¡hm£ (Explain the operation of various clippers by PN junction diode, zener diode & transistor)...106 6.5 ¢h¢iæ Cef¤V J­ui ®p­fl SeÉ X¡­u¡X LÓÉ¡¢Çfw p¡¢LÑ­Vl L¡kÑ¡hm£ (Describe the operation of diode clamping circuit for different input wave shapes).......................................... 110

7. Understand the Features of Integrated Circuit (IC) 7.1 Bw›U‡MÖ‡UW mvwK©‡Ui msÁv wbY©q KiY (Define IC)................................................................. 121 7.2 IC Gi myweav I mxgve×Zv mg~‡ni ZvwjKv (List the advantages and limitation of IC's)........ 121 7.3 Bw›U‡MÖk‡bi cwigvcmg~n wPwýZKiY (Mention the scale of integration).............................. 122 7.4 Bw›U‡MÖ‡UW mvwK©‡Ui cÖKvi‡f` wPwýZKiY (Identify the types of integrated circuits)........... 123 7.5 g‡bvwjw_K BbwU‡MÖ‡UW mvwK©‡Ui Evf¡cel fТœ²u¡ eY©bv Ll (Describe the fabrication of monolithic integrated circuits)....................................................................................125 7.6 BbwU‡MÖ‡UW mvwK©U K‡¤úv‡b›U ®l¢SØVl, LÉ¡f¡¢pVl, X¡­u¡X, h¡C­f¡m¡l Rvskb VÊ¡e¢SØVl Hhw wdì B‡d± VÊ¡e¢SØVl Gi NWe fТœ²u¡ eY©bv Ll (Describe the fabrication of integrated circuit components resistor, capacitor BJT and FET)................................................129

8. Understand the Features of Operational Amplifier (Op- Amp) 8.1 Af¡­lne¡m AÉ¡j¢fÔg¡u¡­ll msÁv wbY©q Ll (Define operational amplifier)............................137 8.2 Af¡­lne¡m AÉ¡j¢fÔg¡u¡­ll cÖZxK kbv³ KiY (Recognize the Op-Amp symbol)..................138 8.3 Af¡­lne¡m AÉ¡j¢fÔg¡u¡l c¨v‡K‡Ri Uvwg©wgb¨vj mg~n wPwýZKiY (Identify the terminals on Op-Amp packages)................................................................................................... 138 8.4 Af¡­lne¡m AÉ¡j¢fÔg¡u¡­ll j§me£¢a eY©bv Ll (State the basic principle of operational amplifier)................................................................................................ 138

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8.5 Af¡­lne¡m AÉ¡j¢fÔg¡u¡­ll mgZzj¨ mvwK©U we‡k­lY Ll (Analyze the equivalent circuit of Op-Amp)............................................................................................................... 139 8.6 Af¡­lne¡m AÉ¡j¢fÔg¡u¡­ll ®N¡­ôe l¦m Ges fvP©yqvj MÖvDÛ eY©bv Ll (State the golden rule and virtual ground of Op-Amp.)........................................................................140 8.7 HL¢V BcnÑ Af¡­lne¡m AÉ¡j¢fÔg¡u¡­ll °h¢nøÉ mg~‡ni ZvwjKv (List the characteristics of an ideal Op-Amp.).................................................................................................141 8.8 Cef¤V Hhw BEVf¤V C¢ÇfXÉ¡¾p, Cef¤V Ag­pV ®i¡­ÒVS, Cef¤V evqvm L¡­l¾V, Cef¤V Ag­pV L¡­l¾V, Lje-®j¡X Cef¤V ®i¡­ÒVS ‡iÄ, I‡cb jyc ®i¡­ÒVS ®NCe, Lje-®j¡X ¢l­SLne ®l¢nJ, ¢pÔE ®lV, ¢éL¥­u¢¾p-‡imcÝ Hhw CE¢e¢V-®NCe Ju¡CXb Hl hZÑe¡ Ki (Describe input & output impedance, input offset voltage, input bias current, input offset current, common-mode input voltage range, open-loop voltage gain, common mode rejection ratio, slew rate, frequency response and unity-gain bandwidth)......141 8.9 Cei¡VÑ¡l, †¯‹j ‡PÄvi, BDwbwU d‡jvqvi, LÇf¡­lVl, ‡dR wkdUvi, G¨vWvi, mveUªvKUi, ¢Xg¡­l¢Ý‡qUi, C¢¾V­NÐVl, i¨v¤ú †Rbv‡iUi, gvwëP¨v‡bj AÉ¡j¢fÔg¡u¡l Ges wdëvi wnmv‡e Af¡­lne¡m AÉ¡j¢fÔg¡u¡­ll L¡kÑ¡hm£ e¨vL¨v Ll (Explain the Operation of Op-Amp. in inverter, scale changer, unity follower, Comparator, phase shifter, adder, subtractor, differentiator, integrator, ramp generator, multichannel amplifier and filters)..................................................................................................................144

9. Understand the features of Advance Power Switching devices 9.1 GTO, IGBT, MCT, SIT J SITH Hhw LASCR Hl NWe hÉ¡MÉ¡ Ll (Describe the construction of GTO, IGBT, MCT, SIT, SITH and LASCR)................................... 165 9.2 GTO, IGBT, MCT, FCT, SIT, SITH J LASCR Hl L¡kÑe£¢a e¨vL¨v Ll (Explain the principles of operation of GTO, IGBT, MCT, SIT, SITH and LASCR).................. 171 9.3 GTO, IGBT, MCT, SIT, SITH Hhw LASCR Hl V-I ¯h¢nøÉ E­õM LlZ (Mention the V-I characteristics of GTO,IGBT, MCT, SIT, SITH and LASCR).................... 174 9.4 f¡Ju¡l p¤C¢Qw ¢Xi¡C­pl fЭu¡N a¡¢mL¡ (List the application of power switching devices)..177

10. Understand the Features of photo resistor, photo diode & Photo transistors 10.1 d‡Uv †iwR÷i, d‡Uv Wv‡qvW Ges d‡Uv UªvbwR÷‡i †gŠwjK MVb hZÑe¡ Ll (Describe the basic structure of photo resistors , photo diodes and photo transistor)............................ 187 10.2 d‡Uv †iwR÷i, Wv‡qvW Ges UªvbwR÷‡ii Kvh©cÖYvjx e¨vL¨v Ki (Explain the operating principle of photo resistors , diodes and transistors)............................................... 189 10.3 d‡Uv †iwR÷i, d‡Uv Wv‡qvW Ges d‡Uv UªvbwR÷‡ii V-I ˆewkó¨ †iLv e¨vL¨v Ki (Explain the V-I characteristics curve of photo resistors , photo diodes and photo transistors).......... 190 10.4 d‡Uv †iwR÷i, d‡Uv Wv‡qvW Ges d‡Uv UªvbwR÷‡ii ˆewkó¨m~PK cÖ‡qvM ZvwjKv (List typical applications of photo resistors , photo diodes and photo transistors)..................... 192 10.5 ¯úxW †gRvwis wm‡÷‡g d‡Uv wW‡U±i e¨envi ‡`Lv‡q e­K WvqvMÖvgmn e¨vL¨v Ki (Explain a block Diagram showing how photo Detectors used in speed measuring system).............. 193 10.6 d‡Uv Wv‡qvW myBwPs mvwK©‡Ui Kvh©cÖYvjx e¨vL¨v Ki (Explain the operation of photo diode switching circuit)..................................................................................................... 194 10.7 d‡Uv UªvbwR÷i myBwPs mvwK©‡Ui Kvh©vejx e¨vL¨v Ki (Explain the operation of photo transistor switching circuit)..................................................................................... 194

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11. Understand the features of security system 11.1 B‡jKUªwbK wmwKDwiwU wm‡÷‡gi eY©bv Ki (State what is meant by electronic security system).........................................................................................................201 11.2 e­K WvqvMÖvgmn AvB‡qvbvB‡Rkb wW‡U±i Ges d‡Uv UªvbwR÷i e¨env‡i Av¸b (a~qv) wb‡ ©kK c×wZi

Kvh©vejx e¨vL¨v Ki (Explain the operation fire (smoke) indication system using ionizatio detector and photo transistor with block diagram )................................... 201 11.3 e­K WvqvMÖvgmn Bbd«v-‡iW-‡i wbqwš¿Z UvP& UvBc Ges bb-UvP& UvBc e¨w³ (†Pvi) wbiƒc‡Ki Kvh©bxwZ eY©bv Ki (Describe the operation of touch and non touch type person (thief) detector using infrared detection system with block diagram)................................... 204 11.4 wfwWI K¨v‡giv I wfwWI gwbUi (gvwëcj gwbUi myBwPs mn) e¨envi K‡i wfwWI gwbUwis wm‡÷‡gi Kvh©bxwZ e¨vL¨v Ki (Explain the operation of video monitoring system using video camera and video monitor (With multiple monitor switching)).............................. 205

12. Understand the features of special electronic equipment 12.1 BDwcGm Gi e­K WvqvMÖvgmn Kvh©cÖYvjxi g~jbxwZ D‡j­L Ki (Mention the principles of operation of UPS with block diagram) ........................................................................207 12.2 SMPS Gi e­K WvqvMÖvgmn Kvh©cÖYvjxi g~jbxwZ D‡j­L Ki (Mention the principles of operation of SMPS with block diagram)......................................................................208 12.3 gvwëwgwWqv cÖ‡R±‡ii e­K WvqvMÖvgmn Kvh©cÖYvjxi g~jbxwZ D‡j­L Ki (Mention the principles of operation of multimedia projector with block diagram).....................................210

13. Understand the features of programmable logic controllers (PLCs) 13.1 wcGjwm Gi cÖv_wgK Kvh©bxwZ Ges †cÖvMÖvwgs g~jbxwZ D‡j­L Ki (Mention the basic operating and programming principles of PLCs)................................................................. 215 13.2 wcGjwm Gi cÖavb Ask¸wj †`wL‡q GKwU mnR e­K WvqvMÖvg A¼b Ki (Draw a simplified block diagram showing the main parts of a PLC)..................................................................... 215 10.3 wcGjwm Gi cÖavb Ask¸wji Kvh©¨ eY©bv Ki (State the of main part of PLC)........................... 216 Practical: 1. Determine the characteristics curve of UJT......................................................... 222

1.1 Select an appropriate experiment circuit, required materials, tools and equipments. 1.2 Connect the circuit as per diagram with meters. 1.3 Check the circuit and switch on the power supply. 1.4 Record the data for I-V curve. 1.5 Plot the curve.

2. Study the gate control of forward breakdown voltage for an SCR.................... 224 1.6 Select an appropriate circuit, required tools, equipments and materials. 1.7 Connect the circuit as per diagram with meters. 1.8 Switch on the power supply and make proper adjustments. 1.9 Set the gate control at minimum and observe the breakdown voltage for I-V

characteristics. 1.10 Increase gate current in steps and observe the breakdown voltage. 1.11 Plot the I-V characteristics curve. 1.12 Compare different curves and breakdown voltage.

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3. Study the Operation of a single phase controlled rectifier using SCR............... 226 1.13 Select an appropriate experiment circuit. 1.14 Select required tools, equipments and materials. 1.15 Connect the circuit as per diagram with Oscilloscope. 1.16 Check the connection and switch on the power supply. 1.17 Observe the wave shapes at relevant points of the circuit.

4. Study the Operation of a Illumination Circuit .................................................... 229 1.18 Select an appropriate experiment circuit. 1.19 Select required tools, equipments and materials. 1.20 Connect the circuit as per diagram. 1.21 Check the connection and switch on the power supply. 1.22 Adjust the POT and observe the Illumination.

5. Determine the characteristics curve of DIAC........................................................231 1.23 Select an appropriate experiment circuit, required materials, tools and

equipments. 1.24 Connect the circuit as per diagram with meters. 1.25 Check the circuit and switch on the power supply. 1.26 Record the data for I-V curve. 1.27 Plot the curve.

6. Study the Operation of a RC differentiating circuit.............................................233 1.28 Select a RC differentiating circuit. 1.29 Select required materials, tools and equipments. 1.30 Connect the circuit as per diagram with CRO. 1.31 Switch on the power supply. 1.32 Adjust the signal frequency for the differentiating circuit. 1.33 Observe the output wave for different input wave shape on CRO screen.

7. Study the Operation of a RC Integrating circuit................................................. 235 1.34 Select a RC differentiating circuit. 1.35 Select required materials, tools and equipments. 1.36 Connect the circuit as per diagram with CRO. 1.37 Switch on the power supply. 1.38 Adjust the signal frequency for the differentiating circuit. 1.39 Observe the output wave for different input wave shape on CRO screen.

8. Study the operation of biased and unbiased series and shunt clipping circuits for positive and negative peak and bias clipping of a sine wave using switching diodes...................................................................................................... 236

1.40 Select a required circuit. 1.41 Select the associate equipments and materials. 1.42 Buildup the circuit for required wave shapes. 1.43 Switch on the power supply. 1.44 Observe the output on CRO screen.

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9. Study the operation a clamping circuit................................................................. 238 1.45 Select a required circuit. 1.46 Select the associate equipments and materials. 1.47 Buildup the circuit for required wave shapes. 1.48 Switch on the power supply. 1.49 Observe the output on CRO screen.

10. Study the operation of Op-Amp (for IC 741) as inverting and non inverting amplifier, adder, comparator, buffer and subtractor.......................................... 239 1.50 Select a required circuit. 1.51 Select the associate equipments and materials. 1.52 Buildup the circuit as per function. 1.53 Switch on the power supply. 1.54 Observe the input and output wave shape on CRO screen.

11. Study the operation and application of SMPS./UPS............................................ 244 11.1 Select a SMPS/UPS 11.2 Identify different parts of SMPS/UPS 11.3 Observe the operation of SMPS/UPS

12. Determine the v-i characteristic curve of photo diode........................................ 248 12.1 Select a required circuit. 12.2 Select tools and materials. 12.3 Build up the circuit 12.4 Check the connection. 12.5 Switch on the power supply 12.6 Record the data. 12.7 Plot the curve.

13. Study the operation of PLC................................................................................... 250 13.1 Select a PLC trainer. 13.2 Identify different parts of turner 13.3 Observe the operation of PLC for specific purpose.

REFERENCES: 1. Electronic Device and Circuit Theory.........Robert L. Boylestad, Louis Nashelsky 2. Electronic Devices............................................................................................Floyd 3. Power Electronics...........................................................................Dr. P.S. Bimbhra 4. Principles of Electronics ........................................................................V.K. Mehta 5. A Text Book of Applied Electronics ..................................................... R. S. Sedha

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1/1. fÐnÀx UJT Hl c~Y©bvg wjL| ....................................................................................[evKvwk‡ev : 09] 1/7. fÐnÀx Xhm ®hp X¡­u¡X L¡­L h­m? 1/8. fÐnÀx UJT -­L p¤C¢Qw ¢Xi¡Cp hm¡ qu ®Le? 1/10. fÐnÀx UJT †K W‡qvW ejv nq †Kb? ...........................................................................[evKvwk‡ev : 10] 1/11. fÐnÀx UJT ®a ØVÉ¡ä Ag ®l¢nJ Hl j¡e La? 1/14. fÐnÀx UJT ®L A¢p­mVl ¢qp¡­h hÉhq¡l Ll¡ qu ®Le? 1/15. fÐnÀx V¡Cj ¢X­m ¢l­m p¡¢L ÑV ®Le hÉhq¡l Ll¡ qu? 1/17. fÐnÀx UJT Hl NWe ¢Qœ ®cM¡Jz.................................................................................[evKvwk‡ev : 09] 1/18. fÐnÀx UJT hm­a ¢L h¤T? 1/19. fÐnÀx UJT Hl ¢fL f­u¾V ®i¡­ÒVS hm­a ¢L h¤T¡u? 2/1. fÐnÀx SCR Gi c~Y©bvg wjL| ......................................................................[evKvwk‡ev : 2009] 2/4. fÐnÀx SCR h¡S¡­l ¢L e¡­j f¢l¢Qa? 2/5. fÐnÀx b¡C¢lØVl Hl e¡jLl­Zl p¡bÑLa¡ ¢L? 2/10. fÐnÀx SCR ¢L? 2/12. fÐnÀx SCR ®L ON ®ØVV ®b­L OFF ®ØV­V ¢e­a q­m ¢L Ll­a qu? 2/13. fÐnÀx SCR Hl ®NV L¡­l¾V hª¢Ü ®f­m g­l¡u¡XÑ ®hËL X¡Ee ®i¡­ÒVS ®Lje quz 2/15. fÐnÀx g­l¡u¡XÑ L¡­l¾V ®l¢Vw hm­a ¢L h¤T? 2/16. fÐnÀx S¡jÑ¡¢eu¡j à¡l¡ PNPN p¤C¢Qw X¡­u¡X °al£ pñh eu ®Le? 2/17. fÐnÀx SCR Hl ®gS L­¾VÊ¡m La ¢XNËУ fkÑ¿¹ qu? 2/18. fÐnÀx SCR ®L¡e ®r­œ ®h¢n hÉhq©a qu? 2/20. fÐnÀx SCR Hl ®NV L¡­l¾V h¡s¡­m g¡u¡¢lw ®i¡­ÒVS ®Lje qu? 2/22. cÖkœt _vBwi÷i j¨vwPs ej‡Z wK eyS ? 2/24. fÐnÀx SCR Hl mÉ¡¢Qw naÑ E­õM Llz 2/26. fÐnÀx SCR ®L CE¢e¢X­lLne¡m ¢Xi¡Cp hm¡ qu ®Le? 2/27. fÐnÀx SCR Hl mÉ¡¢Qw L¡­l¾V ¢L? 2/28. fÐnÀx b¡C¢lØVl mÉ¡¢Qw L¡­l¾V hm­a ¢L h¤T¡u? 2/29. fÐnÀ x b¡C¢lØVl mÉ¡¢Qw Hhw ®q¡¢ôw L¡­l¾V hm­a ¢L h¤T? 2/30. fÐnÀ x ¢VÊN¡¢lw hm­a ¢L h¤T? 2/32. fÐnÀx SCR ®L p¤CQ hm¡ qu ®Le? 2/33. fÐnÀx SCR Hl ®r­œ ¢VÊN¡¢lw h¡ g¡u¡¢lw ®i¡­ÒVS L¡­L h­m? 2/35. fÐnÀx SCR Hl V¡eÑ Ag Ll¡l naÑ ¢L? 2/36. fÐnÀx SCR hÉhq©a üuw¢œ²u hÉ¡V¡¢l Q¡S¡Ñ­l SCR Hl AÉ¡­e¡­X ¢höÜ ¢X¢p e¡ ¢c­u f¡m­p¢Vw ¢X¢p ®cu¡

qu ®Le? 2/39. fÐnÀx SCR Hl g¡u¡¢lw J Lä¡Lne HÉ¡w­Nm hm­a ¢L h¤T¡u? 2/40. fÐnÀx SCR Hl hÉhq¡l E­õM Llz 3/2. cÖkœ t Wvqv‡Ki AvovAvwo me©wbgœ †fv‡ë‡Ri bvg wK? 3/3. cÖkœ t d«x ûBj Wv‡qvW‡K mvwK©‡Ui mv‡_ wKfv‡e ms‡hvM w`‡Z nq? 3/6. cÖkœ t d«x ûBj Wv‡qvW †Kb e¨envi Kiv nq?

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3/7. cÖkœt K‡›UªvjW †iKwUdvqv‡i dvqvwis wmMbvj cÖ‡qvM Kiv nq †Kb? 3/10. cÖkœt K‡›UªªvjW †iKwUdvqvi Kv‡K e‡j? 3/11. cÖkœt K‡›UªvjW †iKwUdvqvi Gi y‡Uv e¨envi wjL| 3/12. cÖkœt K‡›UªvjW †iKwUdvqvi I Gwm †dm Kb‡Uªv‡ji g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ wK? 3/15. cÖkœt mvaviY †iKwUdvqvi I K‡›UªvjW †iKwUdvqv‡ii gyj cv_©K¨ wK? 3/17. cÖkœt K‡›UªªvjW †iKwUdvqv‡ii e¨envi wjL| .....................................................[evKvwk‡ev : 2007] 4/1. cÖkœt PUT n­ël f§ZÑl©f L£? 4/5. cÖkœt PUT Hl S¡wne J ®mu¡l Lu¢V? 4/6. cÖkœt PUT L¡­L h­m? 4/10. cÖkœt PUT Hl V¡¢jÑe¡m…­m¡l e¡j ¢mMz ...................................................................[evKvwk‡ev : 07] 4/11. cÖkœt PUT Hl Ce¢VÊe¢pL ØVÉ¡ä Ag ®l¢nJ ¢L? 4/12. cÖkœt PUT hm­a L£ h¤T¡u? 5/1 fÐnÀ x UªvqvK †Kvb ai‡bi myBP? ................................................................................[evKvwk‡ev : 06] 5/2. fÐnÀ x Uªvqv‡Ki gva¨‡g wK K‡›Uªvj Kiv nq| .............................................................[evKvwk‡ev : 04] 5/6. fÐnÀ x DIAC Hhw TRIAC H Lu¢V ®mu¡l b¡­L? 5/9. fÐnÀ x X¡u¡­Ll Bs¡B¢s phÑ¢ejÀ ®i¡­ÒV­Sl e¡j ¢L? 5/5/10. fÐnÀ x X¡u¡L Hl f§ZÑ AbÑ ¢L? 5/11. fÐnÀ x X¡u¡L­L ¢àj¤M£ p¤CQ hm¡ qu ®Le? 5/12. fÐnÀ x X¡u¡L J VÊ¡u¡­Ll j­dÉ f¡bÑLÉ ¢L? 5/14. fÐnÀ x VÊ¡u¡­Ll j§me£¢a ¢mMz 5/16. fÐnÀ x VÊ¡u¡L­L ¢Li¡­h V¡eÑ-Ag Ll¡ qu? 6/3. fÐnÀx J­ui ­p¢fw p¡¢LÑV L¡S ¢L? 6/4. fÐnÀx ®ú¡u¡l J­u­il j¡L Ñ-V¥ ®Øfp ®l¢nJ La? 6/5. fÐnÀx ¢Xg¡­le¢p­u¢Vw p¡¢LÑ­Vl naÑ c¤¢V ¢mMz 6/6. fÐnÀx C¢¾V­NТVw p¡¢LÑ­Vl naÑ c¤­V¡ ¢mMz 6/8. fÐnÀx RC p¡¢LÑ­Vl V¡Cj LeØVÉ¡¾V h­m ¢L h¤T? 6/9. fÐnÀx RL p¡¢LÑ­Vl V¡Cj LeØVÉ¡¾V h­m ¢L h¤T? 6/14. fÐnÀx V¡Cj LeØVÉ¡¾V hm­a ¢L h¤T? 6/16. fÐnÀx K¬ vw¤ú mvwK©U Kv‡K e‡j? ..................................................................................[evKvwk‡ev : 08] 6/17. fÐnÀx R-C p¡¢LÑ­Vl pVÑ V¡Cj L¾pVÉ¡¾V L¡­L h­m? 7/1. fÐnÀx fÐbj ®L Hhw La p¡­m BC¢p B¢hú¡l L­le? 7/5. fÐnÀx BC¢pl fÐd¡e Ap¤¢hd¡ ¢L? 7/7. fÐnÀx Jg¡l L¡­L h­m? .............................................................................................[evKvwk‡ev : 07] 7/10. fÐnÀx ®jV¡m¡C­Sne ®Le Ll¡ qu? 7/11. fÐnÀx g­V¡¢m­b¡NË¡¢gL fЭpp ®Le hÉhq¡l Ll¡ qu? 7/12. fÐnÀx j¡C­œ²¡ C­mLVÊ¢e„ hm­a ¢L h¤T? 7/16. fÐnÀx ¢X¢SV¡m BC¢p ¢L? 7/19. fÐnÀx BC¢p ¢L dl­Zl L¡kÑ pÇfæ L­l? 7/20. fÐnÀx BC¢p Hl BL¡l hm­a ¢L h¤T? 7/23. fÐnÀx C¢¾V­NË­VX p¡¢LÑV L¡­L h­m? 7/24. fÐnÀ x SS1, MSI, LSI, VLSI, SLSI Hl pÇf§§ZÑ AbÑ ¢L? 7/26. fÐn Àx BC¢p pÇh­å ¢L ¢L ¢hou Aeü£L¡kÑ? 7/28. fÐnÀx C¢¾V­NËn­el ®úm La fÐL¡l J ¢L ¢L?

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8/3. fÐnÀx Af¡­lne¡m AÉ¡j¢fÔg¡u¡l Hl ¢gÊL¥­u¢¾pl ®l” (¢hع¡l) La? 8/5. fÐnÀx HL¢V Se¢fÐu Af¡­lne¡m AÉ¡j¢fÔg¡u¡l BC¢p Hl e¡Çh¡l ¢mMz 8/7. fÐnÀx ¢pÔE ®lV ¢L? 8/20. fÐnÀx Cei¡¢VÑw AÉ¡j¢fÔg¡u¡­ll ®i¡­ÒVS ®NCe p§œ¢V ¢mMz 8/25. fÐnÀx ¢pNeÉ¡m ¢j¢„w ¢L? 8/28. fÐnÀx h¡g¡l Af-AÉ¡Çf. L¡­L h­m? 8/30. fÐnÀx 741 Af¡­lne¡m AÉ¡j¢fÔg¡u¡l BC¢p Hl ®L¡e ®L¡e ¢f­e f¢S¢Vi J ®e­N¢Vi p¡fÔ¡C ®cu¡ qu? 8/31. fÐnÀx Af-AÉ¡Çf. Hl fÐa£L ByLz 8/34. fÐnÀ Af¡­lne¡m AÉ¡j¢fÔg¡u¡l Hl ¢ae¢V fÉ¡­LS Hl e¡j ¢mMz 8/35. fÐnÀx ®N¡­ôe l¦m ¢L? 8/37. fÐnÀx ¢éL¥­u¢¾p ®lpf¾p L¡­L h­m? ...........................................................................[evKvwk‡ev : 02] 8/38. fÐnÀx Ag­pV e¡m HÉ¡XS¡ØV­j¾V hm­a ¢L h¤T? 8/41. fÐnÀx Af-AÉ¡Çf. Cef¤V Ag­pV ®i¡­ÒVS ¢L? 8/42. fÐnÀx Af-AÉ¡Çf. Cef¤V Ag­pV L¡­l¾V ¢L? 8/43. fÐnÀx ¢Xg¡­le¢nu¡m Af-AÉ¡Çf. ¢L? 8/45. fÐnÀx ¢ae¢V A­fe m¤f Af-AÉ¡Çf Hl e¡j ¢mMz 8/46. fÐnÀx Af¡­lne¡m AÉ¡j¢fÔg¡u¡­ll ""Af¡­lne¡m'' në¢V hÉhq¡­ll k¤¢š² ®cM¡Jz 8/47. fÐnÀx Af¡­lne¡m AÉ¡j¢fÔg¡u¡l p¡¢LÑ­V ¢gXhÉ¡L ®l¢SØVl Hl L¡S ¢L? 8/49. fÐnÀx ¢X¢p AÉ¡j¢fÔg¡u¡l ¢p­ØVj ¢L? 8/51. fÐnÀx ee-Cei¡¢VÑw AÉ¡j¢fÔg¡u¡l p¡¢LÑV qh¡l L¡lZ ¢L? 8/52. fÐnÀx h¡g¡l AÉ¡j¢fÔg¡u¡l ®Le hÉhq©a Ll¡ qu? ...................................................[evKvwk‡ev : 04, 07] 8/53. fÐnÀx 741 HL¢V Se¢fÐu Af-AÉ¡Çf. ®Le? 8/54. fÐnÀx ®N¡­ôe l¦m c¤¢V ¢L? 8/55. fÐnÀx Af¡­lne¡m AÉ¡j¢fÔg¡u¡l Hl Ap¤¢hd¡pj§q ¢mMz 8/8/57. fÐnÀx 741 Af-AÉ¡Çf. Hl p¡¢LÑV ¢pÇhm AwLe Llz 8/58. fÐnÀx 741 Af-AÉ¡Çf. Hl ¢fe X¡u¡NË¡j ®cM¡Jz 9/1. fÐnÀx SCR La p¡­m B¢hú«a qu ? 9/5. fÐnÀx GTO AbÑ ¢L? .................................................................................................[evKvwk‡ev : 99] 9/7. fÐnÀx GTO Hl fÐa£L AwLe Ll z 9/8. fÐnÀx IGBT AbÑ ¢L? 9/9. fÐnÀx IGBT Hl fÐa£L AwLe Ll z 9/10. fÐnÀx IGBT hm­a ¢L h¤T¡u? 9/11. fÐnÀx MCT Hl fÐa£L AwLe Ll z 9/14. fÐnÀx MCT AbÑ ¢L? 9/16. fÐnÀx MCT LMe ®NV-L­¾VÊ¡mX ¢Xi¡Cp ¢qp¡­h L¡S Ll­h? 9/18. fÐnÀx SIT AbÑ ¢L? 9/19. fÐnÀx SIT Hl fÐa£L AwLe Ll z 9/21. fÐnÀx SITH AbÑ ¢L? 9/22. fÐnÀx SITH Hl fÐa£L AwLe Ll z 9/24. fÐnÀx LASCR Hl L¡­l¾V hqe ¢L­pl Efl ¢eiÑln£m? 9/26. fÐnÀx SCS hm­a ¢L h¤T¡u? ....................................................................................[evKvwk‡ev : 04]

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9/27. fÐnÀx LASCR Hl NWe Hhw fÐa£L AwLe Ll z 9/28. fÐnÀx GTO ­L ¢Li¡­h V¡eÑ Ag Ll¡ qu? 9/30. fÐnÀx IGBT J SCR Hl ®L¡e naÑ ®j­e Q­m? 9/32. fÐnÀx GTO ®L ¢Li¡­h Ae J Ag Ll¡ qu? 9/51. fÐnÀx GTO Hl hÉhq¡l…­m¡ ¢mMz 9/54. fÐnÀx h¡C­f¡m¡l S¡wne VÊ¡e¢SØVl (BJT) Hl a¥me¡u ¢ejÀj¡­el f¡Ju¡­l GTO Hl p¤¢hd¡ …¢m ¢mMz 9/56. fÐnÀx IGBT Hl Ap¤¢hd¡ ¢mMz 9/58. fÐnÀx f§ZÑ e¡j ¢mM GTO, IGBT, MCT, FCT, SITH, LASCR Hhw SIT 10/1. cÖkœt d‡Uv †iwR÷i †Kvb& ai‡bi c v_© Øviv ˆZwi? 10/3. cÖkœt d‡Uv Wv‡qvW †Kvb c`v‡_©i cvZjv wdj¥ e¨envi Kiv nq? 10/5. cÖkœt ‡Kvb Wv‡qv‡W c­vwóK Aveibx e¨envi Kiv nq? 10/7. cÖkœt d‡Uv Wv‡qv‡W †Kb AcwUK¨vj †jÝ e¨envi Kiv nq? 10/9. cÖkœt d‡Uv †iwR÷‡ii cÖZxK A¼b Ki| 10/10. cÖkœt d‡Uv Wv‡qv‡Wi cÖZxK AsKb Ki| 10/11. cÖkœt d‡Uv UªvbwR÷‡ii cÖZxK A¼b Ki| 10/14. cÖkœt d‡Uv Wv‡qvW wK? 10/20. cÖkœt d‡Uv Wv‡qv‡W wK wK m~Î †g‡b P‡j? 10/24. cÖkœt myBwPs mvwK©U ej‡Z wK eyS Ges KZ cÖKvi I wK wK? 10/26. cÖkœt B‡jKUªwbK myBP ej‡Z wK eyS? 10/27. cÖkœt d‡Uv Wv‡qv‡Wi Amyweav¸‡jv wjL| 10/30. cÖkœt ¯úxW †gRvwis wm‡÷‡g d‡Uv wW‡U±‡ii e­K WvqvMÖvg wK wK †mKkb wb‡q MwVZ? 11/1. cÖkœt a~qv wb‡ ©k‡Ki ¸i“Z¡ †Kv_vq †ewk †`qv nq ? 11/2. cÖkœt a~qv wW‡UKUi KÕUv bxwZ‡Z KvR K‡i ? 11/4. cÖkœt Av‡qvbvB‡Rkb wW‡UKUi mvaviYZ †Kv_vq e¨eüZ nq ? 11/6. cÖkœt AcwUK¨vj wW‡UKUi mvaviYZ †Kv_vq e¨eüZ nq ? 11/7. cÖkœt Av‡qvbvB‡Rkb wW‡UKUi wK ? ..........................................................................[evKvwk‡ev : 02] 12/1. cÖkœt UPS A_© wK? ................................................................................................[evKvwk‡ev : 04] 12/2. cÖkœt SMPS A_© wK ? 12/8. fÐnÀx H¢p f¡Ju¡l p¡fÔ¡C ®Le hÉhq©a qu ? 12/10. fÐnÀx UPS Hl hÉ¡V¡¢l­a ¢VÊLm Q¡SÑ ®Le plhl¡q Ll­a qu ? 13/2. cÖkœt wcGjwm (PLC) ej‡Z wK eyS ? 13/3. cÖkœt wcGjwm (PLC) †Kvb bxwZi Dci wfwË K‡i KvR K‡i ? 13/5. cÖkœt †jWvi WvqvMÖvg wK ? 13/7. cÖkœt Bb÷ªvKkb Ges †cÖvMÖvg ej‡Z wK eyS ? 13/8. cÖkœt ‡cÖvMÖvwgs j¨vs¸‡qR ej‡Z wK eyS ?

msw¶ß cÖ‡kœvËi t 1/21. fÐnÀx CE¢eS¡wne VÊ¡e¢SØV­ll °h¢nø¨…¢m ¢mMz ............................................................[evKvwk‡ev : 06] 1/22. fÐnÀx UJT Hl hÉhq¡l ¢mMz 2/41. fÐnÀx SCR Hl VÊ¡e¢SØVl¡CSX NWe ¢Qœ AwLe L­l hZÑe¡ Llz ...........................[evKvwk‡ev : 2007] 2/45. fÐnÀx SCR Hl V¡eÑ Ae J V¡eÑ Ag fÜ¢a hÉ¡MÉ¡ Llz 2/46. fÐnÀx p¡d¡lea SCR ­L Af¡­lV Ll­a q­m ¢L ¢L ¢ho­ul Efl mrÉ l¡M­a q­h Hhw ®Le? 3/20. cÖkœt cwj †dR †iKwUdvqvi Gi myweavmg~n wjL| 4/14. cÖkœt wc.BD.wU. Gi e¨envi wjL| 4/15. cÖkœt ®fË¡NË¡­jhm CE¢eS¡wne VÊ¡e¢SØVl Hl °h¢nøÉ…­m¡ ¢mMz.......................................[evKvwk‡ev : 05]

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5/18. fÐnÀ x X¡u¡L hm­a ¢L h¤T? 5/19. fÐnÀ x VÊ¡u¡L hm­a ¢L h¤T? 5/20. fÐnÀ x VÊ¡u¡­Ll pja¥mÉ p¡¢LÑV AwLe Llz 5/21. fÐnÀ x HL¢V TRIAC Hl VÊ¡e¢SØVl pja¥mÉ p¡¢LÑV AwLe Llz 5/22. fÐnÀ x X¡u¡­Ll °h¢nøÉ ­LM¡ AwLe Llz 5/24. fÐnÀ x VÊ¡u¡­Ll °h¢nøÉ E­õM Llz .............................................................................[evKvwk‡ev : 01] 5/26. fÐnÀ x X¡u¡­Ll ®e­N¢Vi ®l¢SøÉ¡¾p LMe qu? .............................................................[evKvwk‡ev : 05] 5/30. fÐnÀ x SCR Hhw VÊ¡u¡­Ll j­dÉ f¡bÑLÉ ¢mMz 5/31. fÐnÀ x VÊ¡u¡L Hl hÉhq¡l…¢m ¢mMz .............................................................................[evKvwk‡ev : 02] 5/32. fÐnÀ x X¡u¡­Ll hÉhq¡l…¢m ¢mMz ..........................................................................[evKvwk‡ev : 01, 08 6/18. fÐnÀx J­ui ­p¢fw p¡¢LÑV L¡­L h­m? La fÐL¡l J ¢L ¢L? .....................................[evKvwk‡ev : 07, 08] 6/19. fÐnÀx LÓÉ¡Çf¡l p¡¢LÑV ­L¡b¡u hÉhq¡l Ll¡ qu? 6/20. fÐnÀx ¢Xg¡­le¢p­u¢Vw p¡¢LÑ­Vl hÉhq¡l ¢mM| ........................................................[evKvwk‡ev : 03, 10] 6/21. fÐnÀx C¢¾V­NТVw p¡¢LÑ­Vl hÉhq¡l ¢mM z .................................................................[evKvwk‡ev : 03, 10] 6/22. fÐnÀx V¡Cj LeØVÉ¡¾V p¡¢LÑ­Vl hÉhq¡l ¢mMz 6/23. fÐnÀx ¢LÓ¢fw p¡¢LÑV h¡ ¢LÓf¡l hm­a ¢L h¤T? .............................................................[evKvwk‡ev : 05] 6/24. fÐnÀx C¢¾V­NТVw p¡¢LÑV hm­a ¢L h¤T? ..........................................................................[evKvwk‡ev : 10] 6/25. fÐnÀx HÉ¡L¢Vi ¢LÓf¡l hm­a ¢L h¤T¡u? ¢LÓf¡l p¡¢LÑ­Vl hÉhq¡l ¢mMz 6/27. fÊnÀx ¢Xg¡­le¢p­u¢Vw p¡¢LÑV Hl J­ui gjÑ hm­a ¢L h¤T? 6/29. fÊnÀx HL¢V ¢Xg¡­le¢p­u¢Vw p¡¢LÑ­Vl ¢e­jÀ¡š² Cef¤­Vl SeÉ BEVf¤V ®cM¡Jz (L) Square wave

(L) Saw-tooth wave 6/32. fÐnÀx ®Le C¢¾V­NТVw p¡¢LÑV hm¡ qu? 6/33. fÐnÀx ¢Xg¡­le¢p­u¢¾Vw p¡¢LÑV hm­a ¢L h¤T? ...............................................................[evKvwk‡ev : 09] 6/34. fÐnÀx RC ¢Xg¡­le¢p­u¢¾Vw p¡¢LÑ­Vl °h¢nøÉ E­õM Llz ...........................[evKvwk‡ev : 03, 05, 08, 10] 6/35. fÐnÀx RC Bw›U‡MÖwUs mvwK©‡Ui kZ© wjL| ..................................................[evKvwk‡ev : 04, 05, 07, 09] 6/36. fÐnÀx ¢Xg¡­le¢p­u¢Vw p¡¢LÑV Hl ¢œ²u¡ ®Le L¡R¡L¡¢R? 6/37. fÐnÀx C¢¾V­NТVw p¡¢LÑ­Vl ¢œ²u¡ L¡R¡L¡¢R L¡lZ ¢L? 6/39. fÐnÀx ¢K¬cvi J LÓÉ¡¢Çfw p¡¢LÑ­Vl j­dÉ f¡bÑLÉ E­õM Llz .................................[evKvwk‡ev : 04, 08] 6/40. fÐnÀx ¢Xg¡­le¢p­u¢Vw J C¢¾V­NТVw p¡¢LÑ­Vl f¡bÑLÉ E­õM Ll z......................................[evKvwk‡ev : 09] 7/31. fÐnÀx BC¢p Hl p¤¢hd¡ ¢L? ..........................................................................[evKvwk‡ev : 04, 05, 08] 7/32. fÐnÀx BC¢p Hl p¤¢hd¡ ¢L? ........................................................................................[evKvwk‡ev : 10] 7/36. fÐnÀx ¢fÐ-Jq¢jL C¢Qw ¢L? 8/61. fÐnÀx Af¡­lne¡m AÉ¡j¢fÔg¡u¡l Hl p¤¢hd¡pj§q ¢mMz ....................................................[evKvwk‡ev : 03] 8/62. fÐnÀx AeÉ¡eÉ Af¡­lne¡m AÉ¡j¢fÔg¡u¡l Hl a¥me¡u 741 HL¢V Se¢fÐu A¡C¢p L¡lZ E­õM Llz 8/63. fÐnÀx i¡lQ¥u¡m NË¡Eä J p¡¢jw f­u¾V hm­a ¢L h¤T¡u? ¢Qœ¡ˆe f§hÑL h¤¢T­u ¢mMz 8/64. fÐnÀx HL¢V Af-AÉ¡Çf. Hl ¢h¢iæ °h¢n­øÉl pñ¡hÉ j¡e…­m¡ E­õM Llz 8/65. fÐnÀx Af¡­lne¡m AÉ¡j¢fÔg¡u¡­ll ¢éL¥­u¢¾p Lj­fe­pne hm­a ¢L h¤T¡u? 8/66. fÐnÀx Cei¡¢VÑw Hhw ee-Cei¡¢VÑw Af-AÉ¡Çf Hl f¡bÑLÉ ¢mMz 8/67. fÐnÀx ¢Xg¡­le¢pu¡m AÉ¡j¢fÔg¡u¡l Hl hÉhq¡l ¢mMz .................................................[evKvwk‡ev : 06] 8/71. fÐnÀx Af-AÉ¡Çf Hl fЭu¡N E­õM Llz

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9/60. fÐnÀx BJT Hl a¥me¡u IGBT-Hl p¤¢hd¡pj§q D‡j­L Ki| 9/62. fÐnÀx LASCR hÉhq¡­l HL¢V p¢mX ®ØVV ¢l­m p¡¢LÑV AwLe hZÑe¡ Llz ......................[evKvwk‡ev : 05] 10/32. cÖkœt d‡Uv †iwR÷‡ii e¨envi wjL| 10/33. cÖkœt d‡Uv Wv‡qv‡Wi e¨envi wjL| ..........................................................................[evKvwk‡ev : 06] 10/35. cÖkœt ¯úxW †gRvwis wm‡÷‡g d‡Uv wW‡U±‡ii e­K WvqvMÖvg AsKb Ki| 10/36. cÖkœt LED Ges d‡Uv Wv‡qv‡Wi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ wjL| 10/37. cÖkœt d‡Uv UªvbwR÷i‡i myweav D‡j­L Ki| 11/8. cÖkœt a~qv wW‡UKUi †h y‡Uv bxwZ‡Z KvR K‡i Zv eY©bv Ki| 12/12. cÖkœ t BC.¢f.Hp. hm­a ¢L h¤T? 12/13. cÖkœ t UPS H ¢gÒV¡l p¡¢LÑV hÉhq©a qu ®Le? 12/17. fÐnÀx SMPS H ®L¡e ®L¡e ®j¡X ®h¢n hÉhq©a qu? 12/19. fÐnÀx UPS Ges SMPS Hl Ap¤¢hd¡pj§q ¢mMz 12/20. fÐnÀx SMPS Hhw UPS Hl p¤¢hd¡pj§q ¢mMz 12/21. fÐnÀx SMPS Hhw UPS Hl j­dÉ f¡bÑLÉ ¢mMz 13/10. cÖkœt wcGjwm Gi cÖavb Ask¸wji bvg wjL? 13/12. cÖkœt wcGjwm (PLC) †Kv_vq †ewk e¨eüZ nq ? 13/13. cÖkœt wcGjwm jwRK †Kv‡Wi mvnvh¨ Dc¯’vwcZ WvqvMÖvg‡K wK ejv nq? 13/16. cÖkœt wcGjwm Gi †g‡gvwi BDwb‡Ui KvR wK? 13/19. cÖkœt wcwm (PC) Gi ü wcÛ wK? 13/20. cÖkœt BÛvwóªqvj K‡›Uªvj G wcGjwm Gi myweav ¸wj D‡j­L Ki | 13/21. cÖkœt mvaviY K‡›Uªvj wm‡÷‡gi Zzjbvq wcGjwm e¨env‡ii myweavmg~n D‡j­L Ki?

iPbvg~jK cÖ‡kœvËi t 1/25. fÐnÀx UJT Hl L¡kÑfÐZ¡m£ h¡ Af¡­lne hZÑe¡ Llz ........................................................[evKvwk‡ev : 10] 1/26. fÐnÀx fÐj¡Z Ll ®k, Vp=VBB+VD Arl…­m¡ fÐQ¢ma AbÑ hqe L­lz

1/27. fÐnÀx UJT Hl ®r­œ fÐj¡e Ll ®k, t=2.3RsCsLog101

1

2/47. fÐnÀx SCR Hl j¡dÉ­j q¡g J­ui ®lL¢Vg¡u¡­ll L¡kÑfÐZ¡m£ hZÑe¡ Llz ...............[evKvwk‡ev : 2007] 3/24. cÖkœt GKwU wWwm gU‡ii w¯úW K‡›Uªvj mvwK©U AsKb K‡i Kvh©cÖYvjx eY©bv Ki|

3/25. cÖkœt GKwU K‡›UªvjW †iKwUdvqv‡ii †¶‡Î †`LvI †h, Iav= RVm

(1+Cos) (mgxKi‡Y e¨eüZ cÖZxKmg~n

cÖPwjZ A_© enb K‡i) 4/16. cÖkœt PUT Hl ¢VÊN¡¢lw J LÉ¡­lƒ¡¢l¢ØVLp L¡iÑ hZÑe¡ Llz 5/33. fÐnÀx VÊ¡u¡L Hl ¢VÊN¡¢lw p¡¢LÑV AwLe L­l L¡kÑ¡hm£ hZÑe¡ Llz ......................................[evKvwk‡ev : 07] 5/34. fÐnÀ x H¢p ®gS L­¾VÊ¡m ¢Li¡­h Ll¡ k¡u, ¢Qœpq hZÑe¡ Llz 6/44. fÐnÀx p¡Ce J­ui q­a ¢Li¡­h ®ú¡u¡l J­ui °a¢l Ll¡ k¡u? h¡, HL¢V L¢ð­ene ¢LÓf¡l p¡¢LÑV AwLe L­l Hl Cef¤V J BEVf¤V J­ui ®nf ®c¢M­u p¡¢LÑ­Vl hZÑe¡ c¡Jz 7/37. fÐnÀx j­e¡¢m¢bL BC¢p °a¢ll d¡fpj§q pw­r­f hZÑe¡ Llz .........[evKvwk‡ev : 04, 05, 06, 08, 09, 10] 7/38. fÐnÀx BC¢p ¯a¢ll j§me£¢a pw­r­f A¡­m¡Qe¡ Ll?

8/72. fÐnÀx Af¡­lne¡m AÉ¡j¢fÔg¡vqv‡ii ®NCe Av=1+RiRf

p§œ¢V ¢eZÑu Ll (fÐa£L…­m¡ fÐQ¢ma AbÑ hqe L­l)z

9/65. fÐnÀx ¢Qœpq GTO Hl V¡eÑ Ae Hhw V¡eÑ Ag fÜ¢a E­õM Llz 10/38. cÖkœt GKwU d‡Uv Wv‡qv‡Wi MVb I Kvh©cÖYvjx wPÎmn eY©bv Ki| ..........................[evKvwk‡ev : 07, 09]

mv‡Rkb I cÖ‡kœvËi Ges †evW© cÖkœ‚ mvgvwi mv‡Rkb I DËi 269

h¡wm¡­cn L¡¢lN¢l ¢nr¡ ®h¡XÑ, Y¡L¡ ¢X­fÔ¡j¡-Ce-C¢”¢eu¡¢lw

3u fhÑ pj¡fe£ fl£r¡- 2012 ®VL­e¡m¢S x L¢ÇfEV¡l, X¡V¡ ®V¢mL¢j¢eE­Lne AÉ¡ä ®eVJu¡¢LÑw J L¢ÇfEV¡l p¡C­u¾p

AÉ¡ä ®VL­e¡m¢S (2010 fТhd¡e) ¢hou x- Cä¡¢ØVÌu¡m C­mLVÊ¢e„

(¢hou ®L¡X x 6832) pju x 3 O¾V¡ f§ZÑj¡e x 80

L J M-¢hi¡­Nl pLm fЭnÀl Hhw N-¢hi¡­Nl ®k ®L¡e 5 (fy¡Q) ¢V fЭnÀl Ešl c¡Jz L-¢hi¡N (j¡e x 2 ^ 10 = 20)

1. g­V¡ VÊ¡e¢SØVl L£? Hl fÐa£L Aˆe Llz 2. f¢m­gS L­¾VÌ¡mX ®lL¢Vg¡u¡l hm­a L£ ®h¡T¡u? 3. Ec¡qlZpq b¡C¢lØV­ll pw‘¡ ®mMz 4. DIAC Hl ®hÐLJi¡l ®i¡­ÒVS hm­a ¢L ®h¡T¡u? 5. HL¢V LÓÉ¡¢Çfw p¡¢LÑV Hy­L Hl Cef¤V J BEf¤V J­ui ®nf ®cM¡Jz 6. mÉ¡¢Qw ®Le Ll¡ qu? 7. PUT Hhw UJT Hl j¡­T Q¡l¢V f¡bÑLÉ ®mMz 8. Q¡l¢V f¡Ju¡l p¤C¢Qw ¢Xi¡C­pl e¡j ®mMz 9. VLSI ¢L? 10. j¡¢ÒV¢j¢Xu¡ fЭSƒ­ll hÉhq¡l ®mMz

M-¢hi¡N (j¡e x 3 ^ 10 = 30) 11. HL¢V L­¾VÌ¡mX ®lL¢Vg¡u¡­ll Ns BEVf¤V L¡­l­¾Vl pj£LlZ fТaf¡ce Llz 12. HL¢V PLC Hl fÐd¡e fÐd¡e Aw­nl L¡S ®mMz 13. TRAIC Hl Lj¤É­Vne fÜ¢al hÉ¡MÉ¡ c¡Jz 14. g­V¡ X¡­u¡­Xl p¤C¢Qw HÉ¡Lne hZÑe¡ Llz 15. UJT Hl °h¢nøÉ ®lM¡ Aˆe L­l ¢h¢iæ Awn ¢Q¢q²a Llz 16. hÔL ¢Q­œl j¡dÉ­j UPS Hl L¡kÑe£¢a ®mMz 17. C¢¾V­NË¢Vw p¡¢LÑ­Vl ®r­œ ®cM¡J ®k, BEVf¤V ®i¡­ÒVS, Hl Cef¤V ®i¡­ÒV­Sl C¢¾VNË¡m j¡­el pj¡e¤f¡¢aLz 18. IGBT Hl j§me£¢a ®mMz 19. LASCR Hl f§ZÑ e¡jpq Hl L­uL¢V °h¢nøÉ ®mMz 20. BcnÑ Af¡­lne¡m AÉ¡j¢fÔg¡u¡­ll °h¢nøÉ ®mMz

N-¢hi¡N (j¡e x 6 ^ 5 = 30) 21. HL¢V BC.¢p. °a¢ll d¡f…­m¡ fkÑ¡uœ²­j hZÑe¡ Llz 22. ¢i¢XJ j¢eV¢lw ¢p­ØV­jl Af¡­lne hÉ¡MÉ¡ Llz 23. b¡C¢lØV­ll j¡dÉ­j Ji¡l-®i¡­ÒVS fЭVLne fÜ¢a hZÑe¡ Llz

24. °h¢nøÉ-®lM¡pq SITH Hl NWe J L¡kÑfÐZ¡m£ hÉ¡MÉ¡ Llz 25. HL¢V H¢p ®j¡V­ll N¢a ¢eu¿»Z fÜ¢a p¡¢LÑV X¡u¡NË¡­jl j¡dÉ­j hÉ¡MÉ¡ Llz

26. Op-Amp Hl j¡dÉ­j HL¢V HÉ¡X¡l p¡¢LÑ­Vl Af¡­lne hÉ¡MÉ¡ Llz

BÛvw÷ªqvj B‡jKUªwb·..........I‡qf mvBU www.mdrafiquzzaman.blogspot.com †`Lyb 270

h¡wm¡­cn L¡¢lN¢l ¢nr¡ ®h¡XÑ, Y¡L¡ ¢X­fÔ¡j¡-Ce-C¢”¢eu¡¢lw

3u fhÑ f¢lf§lL fl£r¡- 2012 ®VL­e¡m¢S x L¢ÇfEV¡l, X¡V¡ ®V¢mL¢jE¢e­Lne AÉ¡ä ®eVJu¡¢LÑw J L¢ÇfEV¡l

p¡C­u¾p AÉ¡ä ®VL­e¡m¢S (2010 fТhd¡e) ¢hou x- Cä¡¢ØVÌu¡m C­mLVÊ¢e„

(¢hou ®L¡X x 6832) pju x 3 O¾V¡ f§ZÑj¡e x 80

L J M- ¢hi¡­Nl pLm fЭnÀl Hhw N- ¢hi¡­Nl ®k ®L¡e 5 (fy¡Q) ¢V fЭnÀl Ešl c¡Jz L-¢hi¡N (j¡ex 2 ^ 10 = 20)

1. UJT Hl ®r­œ ØVÉ¡ä Ag ®l¢nJ L¡­L h­m? 2. gÓ¡C ýCm X¡­u¡X ¢L? 3. PUT Hl ¢Q¢q²a fÐa£L Aˆe Llz 4. TRIAC ®L AC p¤CQ hm¡ qu ®Le? 5. C¢¾V­NË¢Vw p¡¢LÑV Hl naÑ…­m¡ ®mMz 6. IC °a¢ll fÜ¢a…­m¡ ¢L ¢L? 7. Af¡­lne¡m AÉ¡j¢fÔg¡u¡l L¡­L h­m? 8. LASCR Hl Q¡l¢V hÉhq¡l ®mMz 9. g­V¡ X¡­u¡X Hl Q¡l¢V °h¢nøÉ ®mMz 10. B­u¡e¡C­Sne ®Qð¡l Hl NWe ¢Qœ Aˆe L­l ¢Q¢q²a Llz

M-¢hi¡N (j¡e x 3 ^ 10 = 30) 11. SCR Hl mÉ¡¢Qw fЭpp hÉ¡MÉ¡ Llz 12. RL ®m¡X ¢h¢nø q¡gJ­ui L­¾VÌ¡mX ®lL¢Vg¡u¡­ll p¡¢LÑV Aˆe L­l Cef¤V J BEVf¤V J­ui ®nf Aˆe Llz 13. PUT J UJT Hl j¡­T j§m f¡bÑLÉ ®mMz 14. L­¾VÌ¡mX ®l¢ƒg¡u¡l Lu fÐL¡l ¢L ¢L? 15. VÊ¡e¢SØV­ll HÉ¡L¢Vi ¢LÓf¡l p¡¢LÑV Aˆe L­l pw­r­f Af¡­lne ®mMz 16. j­e¡¢m¢bL IC °a¢ll d¡f…­m¡ hZÑe¡ Llz C¢f­V¢„u¡m ®NË¡b fkÑ¡u¢V hÉ¡MÉ¡ Llz 17. SCR Hl a¥me¡u GTO Hl p¤¢hd¡…­m¡ ®mMz 18. ¢ØfX ®jS¡¢lw ¢p­ØV­jl hÔL X¡u¡NË¡j Aˆe L­l pw­r­f hZÑe¡ Llz 19. SMPS Hl p¤¢hd¡…­m¡ ®mMz 20. ¢e­Ql mÉ¡X¡l X¡u¡NË¡j¢V ®L¡­X fÐL¡n Llz

N-¢hi¡N (j¡e x 6 ^ 5 = 30)

21. UJT ¢lm¡­„ne A¢p­mVl p¡¢LÑV Hl ¢Qœ Aˆe L­l L¡kÑfÐZ¡m£ ®mMz 22. SCR Hl VI-LÉ¡­lƒ¡¢l¢ØVL p¡¢LÑV Aˆe L­l hZÑe¡ Llz 23. TRIAC hÉhq¡l L­l mÉ¡Çf ¢Xj¡l p¡¢LÑV Aˆe pqL¡­l L¡kÑfÐZ¡m£ hÉ¡MÉ¡ Llz

24. RC ¢Xg¡­l¢¾p­u¢Vw p¡¢LÑV Aˆe L­l ®cM¡J ®k, BEVf¤V ®i¡­ÒVS dtd

Cef¤V ®i¡­ÒVSz

25. Op-Amp. hÉhq©a p¡¢jw AÉ¡j¢fÔg¡u¡l p¡¢LÑV Aˆe L­l BEVf¤V ®i¡­ÒVS Hl pj£LlZ ¢eZÑu Llz 26. PLC-Hl ¢pL¥É­u¢¾pw CeØVÌ¡Lne fÜ¢a mÉ¡X¡l X¡u¡NË¡j pq hZÑe¡ Llz

mv‡Rkb I cÖ‡kœvËi Ges †evW© cÖkœ‚ mvgvwi mv‡Rkb I DËi 271

h¡wm¡­cn L¡¢lN¢l ¢nr¡ ®h¡XÑ, Y¡L¡ ¢X­fÔ¡j¡-Ce-C¢”¢eu¡¢lw

4 _© fhÑ pj¡fe£ fl£r¡- 2012 ®VL­e¡m¢S x †KwgK¨vj, dzW I BÝUªy‡g‡›Ukb GÛ cÖ‡mm K‡›Uªvj (2010 fТhd¡e)

¢hou x- Cä¡¢ØVÌu¡m C­mLVÊ¢e„ (¢hou ®L¡X x 6832)

pju x 3 O¾V¡ f§ZÑj¡e x 80 L J M-¢hi¡­Nl pLm fЭnÀl Hhw N-¢hi¡­Nl ®k ®L¡e 5 (fy¡Q) ¢V fЭnÀl Ešl c¡Jz

L-¢hi¡N (j¡e x 2 ^ 10 = 20) 1. BÛvw÷ªqvj B‡jKUªwb· ej‡Z wK †evSvq? 2. ØVÉ¡ä Ag ®l¢nJ wK? 3. TRIAC-†K wØgyLx my&BP ejv nq †Kb? 4. _vBwi÷i wK? 5. I‡qf †kwcs mvwK©U Kv‡K e‡j? 6. CMRR ej‡Z wK †evSvq? 7. ywU d‡Uv KÛvw±f †gwUwiq¨vj Gi bvg †jL| 8. UPS-G e¨vUvwi †Kb e¨envi Kiv nq? 9. d¬vBûBj Wv‡qvW Kv‡K e‡j? 10. Kgy ‡Ukb wK?

M-¢hi¡N (j¡e x 3 ^ 10 = 30) 11. UJT †K †Kb _vBwi÷i ejv nq bv? 12. SCR Gi V-I ˆewkó¨ †iLv A¼b K‡i eY©bv Ki| 13. GKwU cwRwUf K¬vw¤ús mvwK©U Gi eY©bv `vI| 14. mvaviY †iKwUdvqvi I cwj‡dR †iKwUdvqvi Gi gv‡S cv_©K¨ †jL| 15. BbcyU I AvDUcyU I‡qfmn GKwU Gwm †dR K‡›UªvjW mvwK©U A¼b Ki| 16. Wv‡qvK I UvB‡qvK Gi gv‡S cv_©K¨¸‡jv †jL| 17. IC Gi ˆewk󨸇jv D‡j­L Ki| 18. 555 UvBgvi IC Gi wcb WvqvMÖvg A¼b Ki| 19. SCR- Gi Zzjbvq GTO-Gi myweav wK wK ? 20. PLC †cÖvMÖvwgs j¨vO¸‡qR ¸‡jvi bvg †jL|

N-¢hi¡N (j¡e x 6 ^ 5 = 30) 21. GKwU _vBwi÷i UªvMvi mvwK©U A¼b K‡i eY©bv Ki| 22. GKwU dzj-I‡qf K‡›UªvjW †iKwUdvqvi mvwK©U A¼b K‡i eY©bv Ki|

23. wWdv‡ibwm‡qwUs mvwK©‡Ui †¶‡Î †`LvI †h, v0 ivdtd

|

24. OP-Amp. e¨envi K‡i GKwU G¨vWvi mvwK©U A¼b K‡i eY©bv Ki| 25. ¯úxW †gRvwis Gi Rb¨ d‡Uv-wW‡U±i Gi Kvh©vejx eY©bv Ki| 26. e­K-WvqvMÖv‡gi mvnv‡h¨ SMPS-Gi Kvh©cÖvYvjx eY©bv Ki|

BÛvw÷ªqvj B‡jKUªwb·..........I‡qf mvBU www.mdrafiquzzaman.blogspot.com †`Lyb 272

evsjv‡`k KvwiMwi wk¶v †evW©, XvKv wW‡c­vgv-Bb-BwÄwbqvwis

3q ce© mgvcbx I 4_© ce© cixc~iK cix¶v-2013 †UK‡bvjwR t 3q ce© t Kw¤úDUvi, WvUv †UwjKwgDwb‡Kkb A¨vÛ ‡bUIqvwK©s I Kw¤úDUvi mvB‡qÝ A¨vÛ

†UK‡bvjwR (2010 cÖweavb) 4_© ce© t †KwgK¨vj, dzW I BÝUªy‡g›Ukb A¨vÛ cÖ‡mm K‡›Uªvj (2010 cÖweavb)

welq t BÛvw÷ªqvj B‡jKUªwb· mgqt 3 N›Uv (welq ‡KvW t 6832) c~Y©gvbt 80

K I L-wefv‡Mi mKj cÖ‡kœi Ges M-wefv‡Mi †h ‡Kvb 5 (cuvP) wU cÖ‡kœi DËi vI| K-wefvM (gvbt 210=20)

1. UJT †K myBwPs wWfvBm ejv nq †Kb? 2. SCR Gi A_©mn cÖZxK A¼b Ki| 3. wk퇶‡Î K‡›Uªvj †iKwUdvqv‡ii ywU e¨envi †jL| 4. UªvqvK wK‡mi mgš‡q MwVZ nq? 5. Bw›U‡MÖwUs mvwK©U ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? 6. 741†Kvb ai‡bi IC I G‡Z KqwU wcb _v‡K? 7. Uvb© A‡di mgq GTO Gi †MBb KZ nq? 8. CMMR w`‡q Kx †evSvq? 9. d‡Uv Wv‡qv‡Wi cÖZxK A¼b Ki| 10. PLC ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?

L-wefvM (gvbt 310=30) 11. PLC Gi ‰ewk󨸇jv †jL| 12. PUT Ges UJT Gi gv‡S cv_©K¨ †jL| 13. SCR Gi V-I ˆewkó¨ †iLv A¼b Ki| 14. GKwU Wv‡qvW K¬vw¤ús mvwK©‡Ui Kvh©cÖYvjx wPÎmn ms‡¶‡c eY©bv Ki| 15. SCR Gi TRIAC Gi gv‡S cv_©K¨ †jL| 16. GKwU Inverting OP-Amp. Gi Voltage gain wbY©q Ki| 17. GKwU 555 Timer IC Gi Pin diagram A¼b K‡i wmMb¨vjmn †`LvI| 18. evB‡cvjvi UªvbwR÷‡ii †P‡q GTO Gi wK wK myweav Av‡Q? 19. d‡Uv Wv‡qv‡Wi D‡j­L‡hvM¨ e¨envi †jL| 20. GKwU UPS Gi e­K WvqvMÖvg A¼b Ki|

M-wefvM (gvbt 105=50) 21. Uªvqv‡Ki Kvh©vejx wPÎmn eY©bv Ki| 22. mgZzj¨ eZ©bx A¼b K‡i GKwU SCR Gi MVb I Kvh©cÖYvjx eY©bv Ki| 23. PLC Gi cÖavb cÖavb Ask¸‡jv †`wL‡q GKwU mijxK…Z e­K WvqvMÖvg A¼b K‡i eY©bv Ki| 24. d‡Uv Wv‡qv‡Wi MVb I Kvh©cÖYvjx mwPÎ eY©bv Ki| 25. hw` UJT Gi †em y‡Uvi gv‡Si †fv‡ëR 20V, BbwUªbwmK ÷¨vÛ Ad †iwkI 0.8 Ges PN Rvskb †fv‡ëR

Wªc 0.7V nq, Z‡e ÷¨vÛ Ad †fv‡ëR I wcK c‡q›U †fv‡ë‡Ri gvb KZ n‡e| 26. wPÎmn GKwU PUT wijv‡·kb mvwK©‡Ui Kvh©vejx eY©bv Ki|

mv‡Rkb I cÖ‡kœvËi Ges †evW© cÖkœ‚ mvgvwi mv‡Rkb I DËi 273

h¡wm¡­cn L¡¢lN¢l ¢nr¡ ®h¡XÑ, Y¡L¡ ¢X­fÔ¡j¡-Ce-C¢”¢eu¡¢lw

4 _© fhÑ pj¡fe£ fl£r¡- 2013 ®VL­e¡m¢S x †KwgK¨vj, dzW I BÝUªy‡g‡›Ukb GÛ cÖ‡mm K‡›Uªvj (2010 fТhd¡e)

¢hou x Cä¡¢ØVÌu¡m C­mLVÊ¢e„ (¢hou ®L¡X x 6832)

pjux 3 O¾V¡ f§ZÑj¡e x 80 L J M-¢hi¡­Nl pLm fЭnÀl Hhw N-¢hi¡­Nl ®k ®L¡e 5 (fy¡Q) ¢V fЭnÀl Ešl c¡Jz

L-¢hi¡N (j¡e x 210=20) 1. UJT ­L p¤C¢Qw ¢Xi¡Cp hm¡ qu ®Le? 2. ¢m¢j¢Vw p¡¢LÑV L¡­L h­m? 3. CMRR ¢c­u L£ ®h¡T¡u? 4. f§ZÑAbÑ ®mM x IGBT ; SITH ; LASCR ; GTO. 5. fÐa£L Aˆe Ll x g­V¡ VÊ¡e¢SØVl, UJT ; TRIAC J LASAR 6. SMPS Lu dl­el J L£ L£? 7. IC Hl c¤¢V p£j¡hÜa¡ ®mMz 8. BcnÑ ¢Xg¡­le¢p­u¢Vw p¡¢LÑ­Vl naÑ…­m¡ ®mMz 9. p¡d¡lZ ®lL¢Vg¡u¡l J L­¾VÌ¡m ®lL¢Vg¡u¡l Hl j¡­T f¡bÑLÉ L£? 10. f¢S¢Vi h¡u¡pX ¢LÓ¢fw p¡¢LÑV Hl ¢Qœ Aˆe Llz

M-¢hi¡N (j¡e x 310=30) 11. DIAC Hl L¡kÑfÐZ¡m£ ¢Qœpq hZÑe¡ Llz 12. ¢LÓ¢fw Hhw LÓÉ¡¢Çfw p¡¢LÑ­Vl j¡­T f¡bÑLÉ ®mMz 13. SCR Hl VÊ¡e¢SØVl pja¥mÉ p¡¢LÑV Aˆe Llz 14. DIAC J TRIAC Hl j¡­T f¡bÑLÉ ®mMz 15. Af¡­lne¡m AÉ¡j¢fÔg¡u¡­ll üZÑp§œ…­m¡ (®N¡­ôe l¦m) ®mMz 16. IGBT Hl NWe ¢Qœ Aˆe Llz 17. g­V¡ VÊ¡e¢SØVl Hl NWe fÐZ¡m£ hZÑe¡ Llz 18. UPS Hl hÔL X¡u¡NË¡j Aˆe Llz 19. Cä¡¢ØVÌu¡m A­V¡­jn­e PLC Hl ¢ae¢V hÉhq¡l ®mMz 20. HL¢V BcnÑ Af¡­lne¡m AÉ¡j¢fÔg¡u¡­ll °h¢nøÉ…­m¡ ®mMz

M -¢hi¡N (j¡e x 65=30) 21. UJT Hl L¡kÑfÐZ¡m£ ¢Qœpq hZÑe¡ Llz 22. PLC Hl hÔL ¢Qœ Aˆe L­l fТa¢V hÔ­Ll L¡S ®mMz 23. RL ®m¡X ¢h¢nø g¥m J­ui L­¾VÌ¡m ®lL¢Vg¡u¡­ll p¡¢LÑV Aˆe L­l Cef¤V Hhw BEVf¤V J­ui ®nf pq L¡kÑfÐZ¡m£ hZÑe¡ Llz 24. hÔL X¡u¡NË¡jpq SMPS Hl L¡kÑfÐZ¡m£ ®mMz 25. SCR hÉhq¡l L­l A­V¡­j¢VL hÉ¡V¡¢l Q¡SÑ¡l p¡¢LÑV Hl L¡kÑfÐZ¡m£ hZÑe¡ Llz 26. HL¢V p¡¢jw Af-AÉ¡Çf. Hl ®i¡­ÒVS ®NCe ¢eZÑ­ul p§œ fТahf¡ce Llz

BÛvw÷ªqvj B‡jKUªwb·..........I‡qf mvBU www.mdrafiquzzaman.blogspot.com †`Lyb 274

evsjv‡`k KvwiMwi wk¶v †evW©, XvKv wW‡c­vgv Bb BwÄwbqvwis

4_© ce© mgvcbx cix¶v-2013 ‡UK‡bvjwR t †KwgK¨vj, dzW I AvBwcwmwU (2010 cÖweavb)

welq t BÛvw÷ªqvj B‡jKUªwbKª (welq †KvW t 6832)

mgq t 3 N›Uv c~Y©gvb t 80 K I L-wefv‡Mi mKj cÖ‡kœi Ges M-wefv‡Mi †h-‡Kvb 5 (cvuP) wU cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI |

K - wefvM (gvb t 2×10=20) 1. UJT-‡K wUªMvwis wWfvBm ejv nq †Kb ? 2. SCR Gi Holding voltage I Current Gi gvb †jL | 3. cwj †dR (Poly phase) K‡›Uªvj Rectifier ej‡Z wK †evSvq ? 4. Wvqv‡Ki MVb I cÖwZK A®‹b Ki | 5. ywU wave shaping mvwK©U Gi bvg †jL | 6. Slew rate ej‡Z wK †evSvq ? 7. c~Y©bvg †jL t CMR I PLC 8. Ac‡Uv Kvcjvi (Opto coupler) Kv‡K e‡j ? 9. Av‡qvbvB‡Rkb (Ionization) wW‡U±i Kv‡K e‡j ? 10. ‡jWvi (Ladder) WvqvMÖvg ej‡Z wK †evSvq ?

L-wefvM (gvb t 3 × 10 = 30) 11. UJT -Gi MVb wPÎ A®‹b K‡i eY©bv Ki | 12. SCR -Gi DC gate triggering wPÎmn eY©bv Ki | 13. SCR -Gi e¨envi †jL | 14. PUT I UJT -Gi gv‡S cv_©K¨ †jL | 15. DIAC -Gi V-I ‰ewkó¨ †iLvA®‹b K‡i ms‡¶‡K eY©bv Ki | 16. GKwU R-C wWdv‡iw݇qwUs mvwK©‡Ui Bbcy‡U mvBb I‡qf I ¯‹qvi I‡qf w`‡j AvBUcy‡U wK I‡qf cvIqv

hv‡e ? 17. GKwU g‡bvwjw_K AvB-wm ˆZwii avc¸‡jv bvg †jL | 18. OP-Amp. Gi ‡Mv‡ìb rule ywU †jL | 19. cvIqvi myBwPs wWfvBm Gi ‰ewkó¨ †jL | 20. Non-touch person detector Gi Block wPÎ A®‹b K‡i wewfbœ As‡ki bvg †jL |

M-wefvM (gvbt 6 ×5 = 30 ) 21. SCR-Gi mvwK©U WvqvMÖvg A®‹b K‡i Kvh©cÖYvwj ‡jL | 22. DIAC-TRIAC j¨v¤ú wWgvi mvwK©U AsKb K‡i Kvh©cÖYvwj ‡jL | 23. GKwU Integrating mvwK©‡Ui †¶‡Î †`Lv‡ †h, (Output) ∫ (Input).dt ! 24. A¨vWvi wn‡m‡e GKwU OP-Amp. Gi mvwK©U WvqvMÖvg A®‹b K‡i Kvh©cÖYvwj †jL | 25. MCT Gi mvwK©U WvqvMÖvg A®‹b K‡i Kvh©cÖYvwj †jL | 26. SMPS -Gi Block diagram A®‹b K‡i Kvh©cÖYvwj †jL |

mv‡Rkb I cÖ‡kœvËi Ges †evW© cÖkœ‚ mvgvwi mv‡Rkb I DËi 275

evsjv‡`k KvwiMwi wk¶v †evW©, XvKv wW‡c­vgv-Bb-BwÄwbqvwis

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4_© ce© t †KwgK¨vj I dzW I BÝUªy‡g›Ukb A¨vÛ cÖ‡mm K‡›Uªvj (2010 cÖweavb) welq t BÛvw÷ªqvj B‡jKUªwb·

mgqt 3 N›Uv (welq ‡KvW t 6832) c~Y©gvbt 80 K I L-wefv‡Mi mKj cÖ‡kœi Ges M-wefv‡Mi †h ‡Kvb 5 (cuvP) wU cÖ‡kœi DËi vI|

K-wefvM (gvbt 210=20) 1. UJT Hl fÐa£L AwLe L­l V¡¢jÑe¡m…¢m ¢Q¢q²a Llz 2. SCR ®L CE¢e¢X­lLne¡m ¢Xi¡Cp hm¡ qu ®Le? 3. K‡›UªvjW †iKwUdvqv‡ii y‡Uv e¨envi ‡jL| 4. PUT hm­a L£ h¤T¡u? 5. TRIAC ®L AC p¤CQ hm¡ qu ®Le? 6. GKwU ®e­N¢Vi LÓÉ¡¢Çfw p¡¢LÑV A¼b K‡i GwUi BbcyU I AvDUcyU I‡qf †kc †`LvI| 7. fÐbj ®L Hhw La p¡­m BC¢p B¢hú¡l L­le? 8. Acv‡ikb A¨vgwc­dvqv‡ii ®N¡­ôe l¦m c¤¢V ¢L wK? 9. GTO Gi ywU ˆewkó¨ †jL| 10. PLC Gi cÖavb Ask¸‡jvi bvg †jL|

L-wefvM (gvbt 310=30) 11. SCR Gi K‡qKwU ˆewkó¨ †jL| 12. cwj †dR †iKwUdvqvi Gi myweavmg~n †jL| 13. Wv‡qvK I Uªvqv‡Ki gv‡S PviwU K‡i cv_©K¨ †jL| 14. GKwU cwRwUf K¬vw¤ús mvwK©U A¼b K‡i Kvh©cÖYvwj eY©bv Ki| 15. BC¢p Hl p¤¢hd¡ ¢L? 17. GKwU BcnÑ Af¡­lne¡m AÉ¡j¢fÔg¡u¡­ll K‡qKwU °h¢nøÉ ®mMz 18. ¢ØfX ®jS¡¢lw ¢p­ØV­j d‡Uv wW‡U±‡ii hÔL X¡u¡NË¡j Aˆe Llz 19. d‡Uv Wv‡qv‡Wi K‡qKwU e¨envi †jL| 20. SMPS Gi e­K WvqvMÖvg A¼b Ki|

M-wefvM (gvbt 105=50) 21. UJT Hl L¡kÑfÐZ¡wm hZÑe¡ Llz 22. SCR Hl V-I ˆewkó¨ †iLv Aˆe L­l hZÑe¡ Llz 23. WvqvK I UªvqvK hÉhq¡l L­l mÉ¡Çf ¢Xj¡l p¡¢LÑV Aˆec~e©K eY©bv Llz

24. RC ¢Xg¡­l¢¾p­u¢Vw p¡¢LÑV Aˆe L­l ®cM¡J ®k, BEVf¤V ®i¡­ÒVS dtd

Cef¤V ®i¡­ÒVSz

25. UPS Hl hÔL WvqvMÖvg AwLe L­l L¡kÑfÐZ¡m£ hZÑe¡ Llz 26. g‡bvwjw_K BC.¢p. °a¢ll d¡f…­m¡ hZÑe¡ Llz

BÛvw÷ªqvj B‡jKUªwb·..........I‡qf mvBU www.mdrafiquzzaman.blogspot.com †`Lyb 276

Dc‡ii A‡_bwUK/welq †Kv‡Wi cÖ‡kœi Av‡jv‡K †e÷ mvgvwi mv‡Rkb Ges DËi (2/7 gv‡b wØZxq Abykxjbxi 7 b¤i cÖ‡kœvËi‡K eySvb n‡q‡Q)|

L-¢hi¡N (j¡ex 2 ^ 10 = 20) 1/8. UJT †K myBwPs wWfvBm ejv nq †Kb? evKvwk‡ev-13 (3q/mgv I 4_©/cwi, 13 (4_©/mgv1, 1/16. UJT Hl fÐa£L AwLe L­l V¡¢jÑe¡m…¢m ¢Q¢q²a Llz evKvwk‡ev-2014 (3q/mgv I 4_©/cwi, 1/18. UJT-‡K wUªMvwis wWfvBm ejv nq †Kb ? evKvwk‡ev-13 (4_©/mgv2, 1/20. UJT Hl ®r­œ ØVÉ¡ä Ag ®l¢nJ L¡­L h­m? [evKvwk‡ev-12(3q/cwi, 12 (4_©/mgv, 2/3 I 26. SCR Gi A_©mn cÖZxK A¼b Ki| evKvwk‡ev-13 (3q/mgv I 4_©/cwi, 2/25. LASCR Hl Q¡l¢V hÉhq¡l ®mMz [evKvwk‡ev-12(3q/cwi, 2/26. SCR ®L CE¢e¢X­lLne¡m ¢Xi¡Cp hm¡ qu ®Le? 2/34. mÉ¡¢Qw ®Le Ll¡ qu? [evKvwk‡ev-12 (3q/mgv, 2/37. Ec¡qlZpq b¡C¢lØV­ll pw‘¡ ®mMz [evKvwk‡ev-12 (3q /mgv, 12 (4_©/mgv, 2/2.4(c„28) I . SCR Gi Holding voltage I Current Gi gvb †jL | evKvwk‡ev-13 (4_©/mgv2, 3/9. d¬vBûBj Wv‡qvW Kv‡K e‡j? [evKvwk‡ev-12(3q/cwi, 12 (4_©/mgv, 3/10. cwj †dR (Poly phase) K‡›Uªvj Rectifier ej‡Z wK †evSvq ? evKvwk‡ev-13 (4_©/mgv2, 3/11. K‡›UªvjW †iKwUdvqv‡ii y‡Uv e¨envi ‡jL| evKvwk‡ev-2014 (3q/mgv I 4_©/cwi, 3/14. f¢m­gS L­¾VÌ¡mX ®lL¢Vg¡u¡l hm­a L£ ®h¡T¡u? [evKvwk‡ev-12 (3q /mgv, 3/15. p¡d¡lZ ®lL¢Vg¡u¡l J L­¾VÌ¡m ®lL¢Vg¡u¡l Hl j¡­T f¡bÑLÉ L£? evKvwk‡ev-13 (4_©/mgv1, 3/17. wk퇶‡Î K‡›Uªvj †iKwUdvqv‡ii ywU e¨envi †jL| evKvwk‡ev-13 (3q/mgv I 4_©/cwi, 4/12. PUT hm­a L£ h¤T¡u? evKvwk‡ev-2014 (3q/mgv I 4_©/cwi 4/4.1(c„-75). PUT Hl ¢Q¢q²a fÐa£L Aˆe Llz [evKvwk‡ev-11(3q/cwi, 4/4.3(c„-77). PUT Hhw UJT Hl j¡­T Q¡l¢V f¡bÑLÉ ®mMz [evKvwk‡ev-12 (3q/mgv, 12(3q/cwi, 5/5. TRIAC-†K wØgyLx my&BP ejv nq †Kb? [evKvwk‡ev-12 (4_©/mgv, 5/7. UªvqvK wK‡mi mgš‡q MwVZ nq? evKvwk‡ev-13 (3q/mgv I 4_©/cwi, 5/13. TRIAC ®L AC p¤CQ hm¡ qu ®Le? evKvwk‡ev-12(3q/cwi, 14 (3q/mgv I 4_©/cwi, 5/15. DIAC Hl ®hÐLJi¡l ®i¡­ÒVS hm­a ¢L ®h¡T¡u? [evKvwk‡ev-12 (3q /mgv, 5/18. Wvqv‡Ki MVb I cÖwZK A®‹b Ki| evKvwk‡ev-13 (4_©/mgv2, 5/23. Kgy ‡Ukb Kx? [evKvwk‡ev-12 (4_©/mgv, 6/5. BcnÑ ¢Xg¡­le¢p­u¢Vw p¡¢LÑ­Vl naÑ…­m¡ ®mMz evKvwk‡ev-13 (4_©/mgv1, 6/6. C¢¾V­NË¢Vw p¡¢LÑV Hl naÑ…­m¡ ®mMz[evKvwk‡ev-12(3q/cwi, 6/18. I‡qf †kwcs mvwK©U Kv‡K e‡j? [evKvwk‡ev-12 (4_©/mgv, 13 (4_©/mgv2, 6/23. ¢m¢j¢Vw p¡¢LÑV L¡­L h­m? evKvwk‡ev-13 (4_©/mgv1, 6/24. Bw›U‡MÖwUs mvwK©U ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? evKvwk‡ev-13 (3q/mgv I 4_©/cwi, 6/44. HL¢V LÓÉ¡¢Çfw p¡¢LÑV Hy­L Hl Cef¤V J BEf¤V J­ui ®nf ®cM¡Jz[evKvwk‡ev-12 (3q/mgv, 6/6.4(c„-107). f¢S¢Vi h¡u¡pX ¢LÓ¢fw p¡¢LÑV Hl ¢Qœ Aˆe Llz evKvwk‡ev-13 (4_©/mgv1, 6/6.5(c„-110). GKwU ®e­N¢Vi LÓÉ¡¢Çfw p¡¢LÑV A¼b K‡i GwUi BbcyU I AvDUcyU I‡qf †kc †`LvI|

evKvwk‡ev-2014 (3q/mgv I 4_©/cwi 7/1. fÐbj ®L Hhw La p¡­m BC¢p B¢hú¡l L­le? evKvwk‡ev-2014 (3q/mgv I 4_©/cwi 7/24. VLSI ¢L? [evKvwk‡ev-12 (3q/mgv, 7/27. IC °a¢ll fÜ¢a…­m¡ ¢L ¢L? [evKvwk‡ev-12(3q/cwi, 7/32. IC Hl c¤¢V p£j¡hÜa¡ ®mMz evKvwk‡ev-13 (4_©/mgv1,

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8/7. Slew rate ej‡Z wK †evSvq ? evKvwk‡ev-13 (4_©/mgv2, 8/32. Af¡­lne¡m AÉ¡j¢fÔg¡u¡l L¡­L h­m? [evKvwk‡ev-12(3q/cwi, 8/39. CMRR ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? [evKvwk‡ev-12 (4_©/mgv, 13 (3q/mgv I 4_©/cwi, 13 (4_©/mgv1, 8/54. Acv‡ikb A¨vgwc­dvqv‡ii ®N¡­ôe l¦m c¤¢V ¢L wK? ? evKvwk‡ev-2014 (3q/mgv I 4_©/cwi 8/58. 741†Kvb ai‡bi IC I G‡Z KqwU wcb _v‡K? evKvwk‡ev-13 (3q/mgv I 4_©/cwi, 9/7‚9‚22 I 27. f§ZÑ AbÑ ®mM x IGBT ; SITH ; LASCR ; GTO. evKvwk‡ev-13 (4_©/mgv1, 9/34. Uvb© A‡di mgq GTO Gi †MBb KZ nq? evKvwk‡ev-13 (3q/mgv I 4_©/cwi, 9/49. Q¡l¢V f¡Ju¡l p¤C¢Qw ¢Xi¡C­pl e¡j ®mMz [evKvwk‡ev-12 (3q/mgv, 9/63. BÛvw÷qvj B‡jKUªwb· ej‡Z wK †evSvq? [evKvwk‡ev-12 (4_©/mgv, 9/27‚1/16 I 5/19.fÐa£L Aˆe Llx g­V¡ VÊ¡e¢SØVl, UJT; TRIAC J LASAR evKvwk‡ev-13 (4_©/mgv1, 9/9.3(c„-174). GTO Gi ywU ˆewkó¨ †jL| 10/4. ywU d‡Uv KÛvw±f †gwUwiq¨vj Gi bvg †jL|[evKvwk‡ev-12 (4_©/mgv, 10/10. d‡Uv Wv‡qv‡Wi cÖZxK A¼b Ki| evKvwk‡ev-13 (3q/mgv I 4_©/cwi, 10/11 I 13. g­V¡ VÊ¡e¢SØVl L£? Hl fÐa£L Aˆe Llz [evKvwk‡ev-12 (3q/mgv, 10/34. g­V¡ X¡­u¡X Hl Q¡l¢V °h¢nøÉ ®mMz[evKvwk‡ev-12(3q/cwi, 11/7. Av‡qvbvB‡Rkb (Ionization) wW‡U±i Kv‡K e‡j ? evKvwk‡ev-13 (4_©/mgv2, 11/9. B­u¡e¡C­Sne ®Qð¡l Hl NWe ¢Qœ Aˆe L­l ¢Q¢q²a Llz [evKvwk‡ev-12(3q/cwi, 12/14. j¡¢ÒV¢j¢Xu¡ fЭSƒ­ll hÉhq¡l ®mMz [evKvwk‡ev-12 (3q/mgv, 12/16. SMPS Lu dl­el J wL wL? evKvwk‡ev-13 (4_©/mgv1, 12/18. UPS-G e¨vUvwi †Kb e¨envi Kiv nq? [evKvwk‡ev-12 (4_©/mgv, 13/1. c~Y©bvg †jL t CMR I PLC evKvwk‡ev-13 (4_©/mgv2, 13/2. PLC ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? evKvwk‡ev-13 (3q/mgv I 4_©/cwi, 13/5. ‡jWvi (Ladder) WvqvMÖvg ej‡Z wK †evSvq ? evKvwk‡ev-13 (4_©/mgv2, 13/10. PLC Gi cÖavb Ask¸‡jvi bvg †jL| evKvwk‡ev-2014 (3q/mgv I 4_©/cwi 13/. Ac‡Uv Kvcjvi (Opto coupler) Kv‡K e‡j ? evKvwk‡ev-13 (4_©/mgv2,

M-¢hi¡N (j¡e x 3 ^ 10 = 30) 1/23. UJT †K †Kb _vBwi÷i ejv nq bv? [evKvwk‡ev-12 (4_©/mgv, 1/24. UJT Hl °h¢nøÉ ®lM¡ Aˆe L­l ¢h¢iæ Awn ¢Q¢q²a Llz [evKvwk‡ev-12 (3q/mgv, 1/1.1(c„-11). UJT -Gi MVb wPÎ A®‹b K‡i eY©bv Ki| evKvwk‡ev-13 (4_©/mgv2, 2/38. SCR Hl mÉ¡¢Qw fЭpp hÉ¡MÉ¡ Llz [evKvwk‡ev-12(3q/cwi, 2/40. SCR -Gi e¨envi †jL| evKvwk‡ev-13 (4_©/mgv2, 2/41. SCR Hl VÊ¡e¢SØVl pja¥mÉ p¡¢LÑV Aˆe Llz evKvwk‡ev-13 (4_©/mgv1, 2/44. LASCR Hl f§ZÑ e¡jpq Hl L­uL¢V °h¢nøÉ ®mMz [evKvwk‡ev-12 (3q/mgv, 2/2.4(c„-27). SCR Gi V-I ˆewkó¨ †iLv A¼b K‡i eY©bv Ki|wk‡ev-12 (4_©/mgv, 13 (3q/mgv I 4_©/cwi, 2/2.4(c„-28). SCR Gi K‡qKwU ˆewkó¨ †jL| evKvwk‡ev-2014 (3q/mgv I 4_©/cwi, 2/2.7(c„-30(1)). SCR -Gi DC gate triggering wPÎmn eY©bv Ki| evKvwk‡ev-13 (4_©/mgv2, 3/20. cwj †dR †iKwUdvqvi Gi myweavmg~n †jL| evKvwk‡ev-2014 (3q/mgv I 4_©/cwi, 3/21. BbcyU I AvDUcyU I‡qfmn GKwU Gwm †dR K‡›UªvjW mvwK©U A¼b Ki|[evKvwk‡ev-12 (4_©/mgv, 3/23. mvaviY †iKwUdvqvi I cwj‡dR †iKwUdvqvi Gi gv‡S cv_©K¨ †jL|[evKvwk‡ev-12 (4_©/mgv, 3/25. HL¢V L­¾VÌ¡mX ®lL¢Vg¡u¡­ll Ns BEVf¤V L¡­l­¾Vl pj£LlZ fТaf¡ce Llz[evKvwk‡ev-12 (3q/mgv, 3/3.2(c„-49). L­¾VÌ¡mX ®l¢ƒg¡u¡l Lu fÐL¡l ¢L ¢L? [evKvwk‡ev-12(3q/cwi,

BÛvw÷ªqvj B‡jKUªwb·..........I‡qf mvBU www.mdrafiquzzaman.blogspot.com †`Lyb 278

3/3.3(c„-50). RL ®m¡X ¢h¢nø q¡g-J­ui L­¾VÌ¡mX ®lL¢Vg¡u¡­ll p¡¢LÑV Aˆe L­l Cef¤V J BEVf¤V J­ui ®nf Aˆe Llz [evKvwk‡ev-12(3q/cwi,

4/4.3(c„-77). PUT Ges UJT Gi gv‡S cv_©K¨ †jL| evKvwk‡ev-13 (3q/mgv I 4_©/cwi, 13 (4_©/mgv2, 5/29. Wv‡qvK I Uªvqv‡Ki gv‡S cv_©K¨¸‡jv †jL| wk‡ev-12 (4_©/mgv, 13 (4_©/mgv1, 14 (3q/mgv I 4_©/cwi, 5/30. SCR Gi TRIAC Gi gv‡S cv_©K¨ †jL| evKvwk‡ev-13 (3q/mgv I 4_©/cwi, 5/5.1(c„-82). DIAC Hl L¡kÑfÐZ¡m£ ¢Qœpq hZÑe¡ Llz evKvwk‡ev-13 (4_©/mgv1, 5/5.2(c„-82). DIAC -Gi V-I ‰ewkó¨ †iLv A®‹b K‡i ms‡¶‡K eY©bv Ki| evKvwk‡ev-13 (4_©/mgv2, 5/5.7(c„-88). TRAIC Hl Lj¤É­Vne fÜ¢al hÉ¡MÉ¡ c¡Jz [evKvwk‡ev-12 (3q/mgv, 6/29. GKwU R-C wWdv‡iw݇qwUs mvwK©‡Ui Bbcy‡U mvBb I‡qf I ¯‹qvi I‡qf w`‡j AvBUcy‡U wK I‡qf cvIqv hv‡e ? evKvwk‡ev-13 (4_©/mgv2, 6/39. ¢LÓ¢fw Hhw LÓÉ¡¢Çfw p¡¢LÑ­Vl j¡­T f¡bÑLÉ ®mMz evKvwk‡ev-13 (4_©/mgv1, 6/42. C¢¾V­NË¢Vw p¡¢LÑ­Vl ®r­œ ®cM¡J ®k, BEVf¤V ®i¡­ÒVS, Hl Cef¤V ®i¡­ÒV­Sl C¢¾VNË¡m j¡­el pj¡e¤f¡¢aLz[evKvwk‡ev-12 (3q/mgv, 6/6.4(c„-107). GKwU cwRwUf K¬vw¤ús mvwK©U Gi eY©bv `vI|evKvwk‡ev-12 (4_©/mgv, 14 (3q/mgv I 4_©/cwi, 6/6.4(c„-108). VÊ¡e¢SØV­ll HÉ¡L¢Vi ¢LÓf¡l p¡¢LÑV Aˆe L­l pw­r­f Af¡­lne ®mMz [evKvwk‡ev-12(3q/cwi, 6/6.5(c„-110).GKwU Wv‡qvW K¬vw¤ús mvwK©‡Ui Kvh©cÖYvjx wPÎmn ms‡¶‡c eY©bv Ki| ‡ev-13(3q/mgv I 4_©/cwi, 7/31 I 32. BC¢p Hl wZbwU p¤¢hd¡ Ges Amyweav †jL? evKvwk‡ev-2014 (3q/mgv I 4_©/cwi, 7/33. IC Gi ˆewk󨸇jv D‡j­L Ki|[evKvwk‡ev-12 (4_©/mgv, 7/34 I 35. j­e¡¢m¢bL IC °a¢ll d¡f…­m¡ hZÑe¡ Llz C¢f­V¢„u¡m ®NË¡b fkÑ¡u¢V hÉ¡MÉ¡ Llz evKvwk‡ev-12(3q/cwi, 13 (4_©/mgv2, 7/38. 555 UvBgvi IC Gi wcb WvqvMÖvg A¼b Ki|[evKvwk‡ev-12 (4_©/mgv, 13 (3q/mgv I 4_©/cwi, 8/54. Af¡­lne¡m AÉ¡j¢fÔg¡u¡­ll üZÑp§œ…­m¡ (®N¡­ôe l¦m) ®mMz evKvwk‡ev-13 (4_©/mgv1, 13 (4_©/mgv2, 8/72. GKwU Inverting OP-Amp. Gi Voltage gain wbY©q Ki| evKvwk‡ev-13 (3q/mgv I 4_©/cwi, 8/8.7(c„-141). BcnÑ Af¡­lne¡m AÉ¡j¢fÔg¡u¡­ll °h¢nøÉ ®mMzevKvwk‡ev-12 (3q/mgv, 13 (4_©/mgv1‚

14 (3q/mgv I 4_©/cwi, 9/54. evB‡cvjvi UªvbwR÷‡ii †P‡q GTO Gi wK wK myweav Av‡Q? evKvwk‡ev-13 (3q/mgv I 4_©/cwi, 9/55. SCR Hl a¥me¡u GTO Hl p¤¢hd¡…­m¡ ®mMz [evKvwk‡ev-12(3q/cwi,12 (4_©/mgv, 9/64. IGBT Hl j§me£¢a ®mMz [evKvwk‡ev-12 (3q/mgv, 9/66. IGBT Hl NWe ¢Qœ Aˆe Llz evKvwk‡ev-13 (4_©/mgv1, 9/9.3(c„-174). cvIqvi myBwPs wWfvBm Gi ‰ewkó¨ †jL| evKvwk‡ev-13 (4_©/mgv2, 10/33. d‡Uv Wv‡qv‡Wi D‡j­L‡hvM¨ e¨envi †jL| evKvwk‡ev-13 (3q/mgv I 4_©/cwi,14 (3q/mgv I 4_©/cwi, 10/35. ¢ØfX ®jS¡¢lw ¢p­ØV­j d‡Uv wW‡U±‡ii hÔL X¡u¡NË¡j Aˆe LlzevKvwk‡ev-2014 (3q/mgv I 4_©/cwi, 10/10.1(c„-188). g­V¡ VÊ¡e¢SØVl Hl NWe fÐZ¡m£ hZÑe¡ Llz evKvwk‡ev-13 (4_©/mgv1, 10/10.5(c„-193). ¢ØfX ®jS¡¢lw ¢p­ØV­jl hÔL X¡u¡NË¡j Aˆe L­l pw­r­f hZÑe¡ Llz [evKvwk‡ev-12(3q/cwi, 10/10.6(c„-194). g­V¡ X¡­u¡­Xl p¤C¢Qw HÉ¡Lne hZÑe¡ Llz [evKvwk‡ev-12 (3q/mgv, 11/11.3(c„-205). Non-touch person detector Gi Block wPÎ A®‹b K‡i wewfbœ As‡ki bvg †jL| evKvwk‡ev-13 (4_©/mgv2, 12/20. SMPS Hl p¤¢hd¡…­m¡ ®mMz [evKvwk‡ev-12(3q/cwi, 12/23. hÔL ¢Q­œl j¡dÉ­j UPS Hl L¡kÑe£¢a ®mMzwk‡ev-12 (3q/mgv, 13 (3q/mgv I 4_©/cwi, 13 (4_©/mgv1, 12/12.2(c„-209). SMPS Gi e­K WvqvMÖvg A¼b Ki| evKvwk‡ev-2014 (3q/mgv I 4_©/cwi, 13/9. PLC †cÖvMÖvwgs j¨vO¸‡qR ¸‡jvi bvg †jL|[evKvwk‡ev-12 (4_©/mgv, 13/20. Cä¡¢ØVÌu¡m A­V¡­jn­e PLC Hl ¢ae¢V hÉhq¡l ®mMz evKvwk‡ev-13 (4_©/mgv1, 13/21. PLC Gi ‰ewk󨸇jv †jL| evKvwk‡ev-13 (3q/mgv I 4_©/cwi,

mv‡Rkb I cÖ‡kœvËi Ges †evW© cÖkœ‚ mvgvwi mv‡Rkb I DËi 279

13/22. HL¢V PLC Hl fÐd¡e fÐd¡e Aw­nl L¡S ®mMz [evKvwk‡ev-12 (3q/mgv, 13/23. ¢e­Ql mÉ¡X¡l X¡u¡NË¡j¢V ®L¡­X fÐL¡n Llz [evKvwk‡ev-12(3q/cwi,

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