HAPPY
CTRRENS AFFAIRS
DIGESS. Most Important current affairs collected for school students from The HINDU / The Indian Express / Press Information Bureau etc..
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Nationwide Jal Shakti Abhiyan
launched
Jal Shakti Minister Gajendra Singh
Shekhawat has launched ‗Jal Shakti
Abhiyan‘ across the country to
acceleratewater
harvesting and conservation measures.
The scheme is aimed at making water
conservation and promotion of irrigation
efficiency a mass movement through asset
creation and communication campaigns.
Over 250 officers, including Additional and
Joint Secretaries, have been appointed as
in-charge of water-stressed districts in the
country to plan ways to conserve the natural
resource.
1st July: National Doctor's Day
The National Doctors‟ Day is
celebrated every year on 1st July in
India to honour the legendary physician
and the 2nd Chief Minister of West
Bengal Dr Bidhan Chandra Roy.
This is a vital day for doctors as it
provides them with an opportunity to
reflect on their career and remind them
about practising the art and science of
Medicine and Surgery in an ethical
manner
Dr Roy was honoured with the country's
highest civilian award ‗Bharat Ratna‘.
NASA announces 'Dragonfly'
mission to explore Saturn's moon,
Titan
The US space agency NASA has announced
to launch a spacecraft in 2026 to explore the
richly organic world of Titan. A rotorcraft called 'Dragonfly' will arrive at
the Saturn's moon in 2034, looking for
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prebiotic chemical processes common on
both Titan and Earth.
It may lend clues to how life may have
arisen on Earth.
Titan is the second largest moon in the solar
system and is an icy world whose surface is
completely obscured by a nitrogen-based
golden atmosphere, four times denser than
Earth's
India signs Rs 200 Crore deal with
Russia for „Strum Ataka‟ anti-tank
missiles
India has signed a deal with Russia for
acquiring the „Strum Ataka‟ anti-tank
missiles. The deal has been signed under the
emergency clause as a result of which the
missile would be delivered within a time of
3 months of the signing of the contract.
The deal is worth around Rs 200 Crore.
The deal would give an added capability to
the Mi-35 attack choppers to take out
enemy tanks and other armored elements
Abu Dhabi to host first ISA's joint
security exercise „ISALEX19‟
Representatives of 50 law enforcement
agencies of the International Security
Alliance are taking part in the first joint
security exercise ‗ISALEX19‘ in Abu Dhabi.
Joint Security Exercise will test the
readiness of the different teams and to
evaluate the tools, strategies and
procedures developed jointly between
member countries. The participants include
representatives from tactical teams, rapid
intervention units, communications, civil
defence, and explosive ordnance disposal,
teams.
Tamil yeoman‟ declared Tamil
Nadu‟s state butterfly
Tamil Nadu Government has
declared Tamil Yeoman(Cirrochroa thais)
as the state butterfly, based on the
recommendation of state forest
department.
With this, Tamil Nadu became the fifth
state in the country to announce its state
butterfly.
Maharashtra was the first to declare Blue
Mormon (Papilio polymnestor) as its state
butterfly, followed by Uttarakhand
(Common peacock), Karnataka (Southern
bird wings) and Kerala (Malabar banded
peacock). These butterflies are also known as Tamil
Maravan, which means warrior.
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UGC approves a scheme “STRIDE”
to boost research culture in India
The scheme will strengthen research
culture and innovation
incolleges & Universities.
It will provide support to research projects
that are socially relevant, locally need-
based, nationally important and globally
significant.
Objective of STRIDE is to identify young
talent, strengthen research culture, build
capacity, promote innovation and support
trans-disciplinary research for India‘s
developing economy and national
development.
Parliament approves the resolution
to extend President rule in J&K
The Parliament has given its nod to the
resolution seeking an extension of President rule in Jammu and
Kashmir for a further period of six
months with effect from 3rd July 2019.
Jammu and Kashmir
Reservation (Amendment) Bill, 2019 was
also passed by Parliament with Rajya Sabha
approving it today.
A total of 3.50 lakh population of 435
villages will be benefitted through this
amendment.
The reservation bill proposes to give three
per cent reservation in educational
institutions and government jobs to people
living within 10 kilometres of the
International Border in Jammu.
Centre constitutes High Powered
Panel of CMs for 'Transformation of
Indian Agriculture'
The Union Government has constituted a
high-powered committee of chief ministers
of several states for transforming Indian
agriculture and raising farmers‘ income. Maharashtra Chief Minister „Devendra
Fadnavis‟ will be the convenor of the
committee.
While the chief ministers of Karnataka,
Haryana, Arunachal Pradesh, Gujarat, Uttar
Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh have been
included as members.
Union Agriculture, Rural Development and
Panchayati Raj Minister will also be a
member of the committee.
Besides, NITI Aayog member Ramesh
Chand has been named the Member
Secretary.
Indian pro boxer Vaibhav Yadav
wins WBC Asia title
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Indian pro boxer ‗Vaibhav Yadav‘ has
become the World Boxing Council (WBC)
Asia silver welterweight champion in
Pattaya, Thailand.
He defeated Thailand's Fahpetch
Singmanassak.
The fight was conducted by the Asian
Boxing Council and approved by the WBC.
Vishwanathan reappointed RBI
deputy governor for one year
N.S. Vishwanathan has been reappointed
as deputy governor of the Reserve Bank of
India.
The Appointments Committee of Cabinet
has approved the extension of
Vishwanathan's term as RBI deputy
governor by one year (from 4 July 2019).
Vishwanathan is in charge of regulation of
banks, non-banking finance companies
and cooperative banks.
Besides Vishwanathan, the other deputy
governors of the RBI include B.P. Kanungo
and M.K. Jain.
Union Govt. to enhance import limit
on Tur Dal
According to Minister of State for Consumer
Affairs, Danve Raosaheb Dadarao, The
Union Government has decided to enhance
the import limit on Tur Dal from two lakh
metric tonne to four lakh metric tonnes for
the year 2019 - 20.
The Union government has also decided to
release two lakh metric tonnes of Tur Dal,
available in the buffer stock of pulses to
States and Union Territories under the Price
Stabilization Fund.
The US designates Baloch Liberation
Army as a terror group
The United States has designated the
Balochistan Liberation Army (BLA), which is
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fighting Pakistani rule in Balochistan
province, as a terrorist organisation.
BLA is an armed separatist group that
targets security forces and civilians, mainly
in ethnic Baloch areas of Pakistan.
The department has also made it a crime for
anyone in the US to assist the BLA terrorists
and freezing any US assets they may have.
The US has also sanctioned Hezbollah
operative Husain Ali Hazzima, chief of the
Beirut-based terrorist group's intelligence
unit.
India to contribute USD 5M in 2019
to UN Palestine refugee agency
India has pledged to contribute USD 5
Million in 2019 to the UN Palestine
refugee agency.
The Indian Government is assisting 150
Palestinian professionals every year under
the Indian Technical and Economic
Cooperation Programme.
The United Nations Relief and Works
Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near
East (UNRWA) (Created in December 1949)
is a relief and human development agency
which supports more than 5 million
registered Palestinian refugees.
Govt hikes Minimum Support Price
of Kharif crops for 2019-20 season
The Union Cabinet Committee on Economic
Affairs has approved the increase in the
Minimum Support Prices (MSP) for all Kharif
crops for 2019-20 Season.
Minimum Support Prices (MSP) of paddy
has been increased by 65 rupees per
quintal, Jowar by 120 rupees and Ragi by
253 rupees per quintal.
According to Agriculture Minister Narendra
Singh Tomar, the move will lead to
increased investment and production
through assured remunerative prices to the
farmers.
Minimum Support Price (MSP) is the price at
which government purchases crops from
the farmers, whatever may be the price for
the crops.
Jio launches „Digital Udaan‟, a
digital literacy initiative in
partnership with
Reliance Jio has launched a new digital
literacy programme “Digital Udaan”.
The objective of the Digital Udaan‟ is
to provide digital literacy to first-time
internet users who are using the connected
internet ecosystem and apps for the very
first time.
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The Jio Digital Udaan programme is being
launched across 200 locations in 13 states in
partnership with Facebook.
As a part of the Digital Udaan initiative, Jio
will engage with users every Saturday to
help them learn about the JioPhone
features, use of various apps and internet
safety including use of Facebook on
JioPhone.
Rahul Gandhi resigns as Congress
President
Rahul Gandhi officially resigned as
Congress President.
In his resignation letter, Mr Gandhi said, he
is responsible for his Congress' defeat in
Lok Sabha elections.
He said, accountability is critical for the
future growth of Congress and therefore, he
is resigning as party president.
According to Mr Gandhi, the party's
working committee should meet
immediately to decide on his successor.
Ambati Rayudu retires from all
forms of cricket
Indian middle-order batsman Ambati
Rayudu (33-year) retired from all forms of
cricket. He did not specify the reasons for calling it
quits. Ambati Rayudu was in India's official
standbys list for the on-going World Cup
but was omitted twice.
He eventually made his international debut
in July 2013, in an ODI against Zimbabwe.
Rayudu played 55 ODIs for India, scoring
1694 runs at an average of 47.05. He,
however, did not play any Test.
IMF approves USD 6 billion loans to
Cash-Strapped „Pakistan‟
The Executive Board of the International
Monetary Fund (IMF) has approved USD 6
billion loan for cash-strapped Pakistan over
a period of three years.
The loan amount will help to support
Pakistan‘s economic plan that aims at
returning sustainable growth to the
country‘s fragile economy and improving
the standards of living.
The USD 6 billion financial aid includes an
immediate disbursement of USD 1 billion to
help Pakistan address its balance of
payment crisis.
while the remaining amount will be phased
over the duration of the programme.
The approved loan aims to support
Pakistan‘s economic plan, which aims to
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return sustainable growth to the country‘s
economy and improve the standards of
living.
Rural sanitation coverage jumped to
99% from 38% in 2014
According to Minister of State for Jal Shakti
Rattan Lal Kataria, Under Swachh Bharat
Mission (Gramin), nine crore 62 lakh
individual household toilets have been
constructed so far.
The sanitation coverage in the rural areas of
the country has increased to more than 99%
(over 38% on 2nd October 2014).
632 Districts, 30 States, over 2.50 lakh Gram
Panchayats and five lakh 67 thousand 498
villages have been declared open
defecation Free.
Maharashtra tops in NITI Aayog‟s
Agricultural Marketing & Farm
Friendly Reforms Index
As per the Economic Survey 2018-19,
Maharashtra state has achieved first rank in
the NITI Aayog‘s launched ―Agricultural
Marketing and Farmer Friendly Reforms
Index (AMFFRI).
The Index was launched in 2016 and ranks
states based on the degree of reforms they
have undertaken in agricultural marketing.
Veteran industrialist BK Birla
passes away
Veteran industrialist Basant Kumar Birla,
(98-years) passed away in Mumbai.
He was the Chairman of the BK Birla Institute
of Engineering and Technology,
Krishnarpan Charity Trust and about 25
other educational trusts and institutes.
BK built educational institutions ranging
from schools and colleges to engineering
and management institutes across the
country.
PMMSY: A new scheme to promote
processing in the fishery sector
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The new scheme, Pradhan Mantri Matsya
Sampada Yojana (PMMSY), will be
established under the Department of
Fisheries for a robust fisheries management
framework.
She also announced the creation of a new ministry for fisheries sector Ministry of
Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and
Dairying.
The new ministry was formed in order to
promote the allied farm sector that has huge
potential to help achieve the government's
target of doubling farmers' income by 2022.
The budget allocated for the newly carved out Ministry of Fisheries, Animal
Husbandry and Dairying is Rs 3,737
crore.
Of the total budget allocated to the new ministry, Rs 2,932.25 crore is estimated to
be spent on various schemes to promote
animal husbandry and dairying, while Rs
804.75 crore for the fisheries sector in the
current fiscal.
Budget 2019: Rs 3.18 lakh crore
allocated to the defence budget
During an interview to Finance Minister
Sitharaman said she had - an allocation of Rs
3.18 lakh crore was made in the Union
Budget to the defence sector for 2019-20 as
against last year's Rs 2.98 lakh crore.
Out of the total allocation, Rs 1,08,248 crore
has been set aside for capital outlay to
purchase new weapons, platforms and
military hardware.
The revenue expenditure, which includes
expenses on salaries and maintenance of
establishments, is pegged at Rs 2,10 lakh
crore as against Rs 1.88 lakh crore for 2018-
19.
The outlay for pension is Rs 1.12 lakh crore
to accommodate the rise in view of the
implementation of the one rank one pay
principle.
Budget 2019: To help marginal
cultivators government proposes
10,000 FPOs
The government plans to form 10,000 farmer producer
organisations (FPOs) in the next five years.
This is expected to help small and marginal
cultivators team up to get lower rates for
inputs and sell produce at higher rates.
The budget proposal to set up 10,000 FPOs
is a path-breaking step to ensure
economies of scale for farmers.
An FPO can raise capital only from farmer
members or get grants from the
government, which are usually meagre.
India could lose the equivalent of 34
million jobs in 2030 due to global
warming: ILO
The International Labour Organisation (ILO) released its report ‗Working on a Warmer
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Planet: The Impact of Heat Stress on Labour
Productivity and Decent Work.
By 2030 the 2.2 per cent of total working
hours worldwide is projected to be lost
every year, either because it is too hot to
work or because workers have to work at a
slower pace.
The global productivity losses would be
around 80 million full-time jobs (equivalent
to an economic loss of US$ 2,400 billion).
The accumulated global financial loss due
to heat stress is expected to reach USD
2,400 billion by 2030.
Although most of the impact in India will be
felt in the agricultural sector.
More and more working hours are
expected to be lost in the construction
sector where heat stress affects both male
and female workers
World Zoonoses Day observed on
July 6
The World Zoonoses Day is observed every
year on July 6.
The day is observed to create awareness on
zoonotic diseases, how to prevent them and
what actions to take when exposed.
The day has been observed since 1885 to
mark the day Louis Pasteur administered his
first rabies vaccine.
Millions of people across the globe every
year fall prey to the diseases like swine flu,
bird flu, cat scratch fever, rabies,
leptospirosis, Lyme disease, cowpox,
Ebola, SARS, hantavirus, anthrax,
monkeypox, etc. these diseases are known
as zoonotic diseases.
Brazil wins the Copa America 2019
Title
Brazil defeated Peru 3-1 to win its first
Copa America title since 2007.
Jesus scored the decisive goal after a
penalty from Peru captain Paolo Guerrero
cancelled out Everton‘s opener for hosts
Brazil at Rio de Janeiro‘s Maracana stadium. A last-minute penalty from substitute
Richarlison sealed a win for Brazil which
handed the South American giants their
ninth Copa triumph and first since 2007.
Argentina took third place by beating Chile
2–1 in the third-place match. Brazil's veteran right-back Dani
Alves was player of the tournament
Govt to invest 50 lakh crore rupees
in railways by 2030
According to Railway Minister Piyush
Goyal, the union government is eyeing
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investment of 50 lakh crore in railways by
the year 2030 to make it the best in the
world.
The Minister said that the rail infrastructure
in the country increased by mere 30 per
cent in the last 65 years due to the lack of
adequate investment, while freight and
passenger traffic increased by 1500 per
cent.
Mr Goyal announced that the entire Konkan
Railway route from Mumbai to Mangaluru
via Goa would be electrified at the cost of
11,000 crore rupees.
The electrification of railways will improve
speed and reduce pollution on the scenic
Konakan railway route.
India gets its 38th UNESCO World
Heritage Site as Pink City Jaipur
The Walled City of Jaipur, known for its
iconic architectural legacy and vibrant
culture, on made its entry into the UNESCO
World Heritage Site list.
The announcement was made after the 43rd
Session of the UNESCO World Heritage
Committee, underway at Baku (Azerbaijan).
The committee examined the nomination of
the Walled City of Jaipur for inclusion in the
World Heritage list.
With this, India now has 38 World Heritage
Sites (30 cultural properties, 7 natural
properties and one mixed site).
Italy's Prosecco hills added to
UNESCO World Heritage list
Italy's north-eastern Conegliano and
Valdobbiadene hills (home to the world-
famous sparkling wine prosecco) have
been added to the UNESCO World Heritage
list.
The region became Italy's 55th World
Heritage site.
The landscape is characterised by hogback
hills, ciglioni -- small plots of vines on
narrow grassy terraces -- forests, small
villages and farmland.
The prosecco sparkling white, which has
the highest classification available to Italian
wine, is produced in a territory spread over
nine provinces in Italy's northeast.
Prosecco has become the most popular
Italian wine abroad, with its exports seen
rising by a record 21% in 2019 in foreign
markets.
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Kyriakos Mitsotakis becomes
Greece's new PM
Kyriakos Mitsotakis (51-year) was sworn
in as the Prime Minister of Greece.
Mitsotakis‘ New Democracy party won an
outright majority with 158 seats in the 300-
seat legislature. Earlier, he was Leader of the
Opposition (from 2016 to 2019) and also
served as Minister of Administrative Reform
(from 2013 to 2015).
Mitsotakis is the son of former Prime
Minister Constantine Mitsotakis, one of the
country‘s longest-serving parliamentarians.
BSF launches Operation „Sudarshan‟
to fortify anti-infiltration along Pak
Border
The Border Security Force (BSF) has
launched massive exercise, code-named
'Sudarshan', to fortify the 'anti-infiltration
grid' along the Pakistan border in Punjab
and Jammu.
The exercise will see the entire BSF's senior
field brass, thousands of troops and
machinery being deployed in these forward
areas. It will cover the entire over the 1,000 km
length (Jammu shares 485-km and Punjab
shares 553-km) of the India-Pakistan
International Border.
It further runs down towards Rajasthan and
Gujarat on India‘s western flank.
A fleet of heavy and small all-terrain
vehicles has been mobilised in these areas
as the field commanders are moving in
those localities.
Parliament passes Aadhaar and
Other Laws (Amendment) Bill
.
The bill seeks to amend Aadhaar (Targeted
Delivery of Financial and Other Subsidies,
Benefits and Services) Act, 2016 and to further
amend the Indian Telegraph Act, 1885 and the
Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002. The bill also proposes giving a child an
option to exit from the biometric ID
programme on attaining 18 years of age.
The Bill, which also provides for a stiff Rs 1
crore penalty and a jail term for private entities
violating provisions on Aadhaar data.
According to Law Minister Ravi Shankar
Prasad, the amendments to Aadhaar & other
laws were necessitated after the Supreme
Court's ruling on privacy.
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India successfully tests vertical
steep dive version of Brahmos
missile
India has successfully tested the vertical
steep dive version of the Brahmos
supersonic cruise missile that changes the
dynamics of conventional warfare.
The upgraded version of the world‘s fastest
supersonic cruise missile with an enhanced
range of up to 500 km is also ready.
Brahmos missile, which cruises at almost
three times the speed of sound at Mach 2.8,
is the heaviest weapon to be deployed on
the Su-30 fighters
The United States beat the
Netherlands to win women‟s World
Cup 2019
United States women‟s soccer team
successfully claimed the 2019 FIFA
Women‟s World Cup, beating the
Netherlands (2-0) in Lyon, France.
This is the record fourth title for the United
States (1991, 1999, 2015 and 2019).
The other winners are Germany, with two
titles; and Japan and Norway with one title
each.
Rahul Dravid appointed as head of
National Cricket Academy
Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI)
has appointed former cricketer Rahul
Dravid as the head of National Cricket
Academy (NCA), Bengaluru.
Dravid will be involved in mentoring,
coaching, training and motivating players,
coaches and the support staff at the
academy.
Dravid will look after all cricket-related
activities at the NCA and the head coach of
India's under-19 & India A team.
Madhya Pradesh to produce its own
seeds soon
In Madhya Pradesh, along with
distribution and marketing of certified and
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high-quality seeds to farmers, the Madhya
Pradesh State Cooperative Seed Federation
will produce seeds too.
The decision has been taken in a Board of
Directors‘ meeting held under the
chairmanship of the Minister for
Cooperatives Govind Singh in Bhopal
today.
The brand name of seeds will be ‗Sah-Beej‘.
A plan has been made to produce seeds
from the next Rabi season.
A large number of seed committees present
in the state, which will be linked to the seed
federation and these committees will help
in the marketing of seed
Parliament adopts resolution
levying 200% duty on Pakistani
goods
Parliament (The Lok Sabha & Rajya Sabha)
has adopted a statutory resolution for
levying 200% duty on all goods originating
in or exported from Pakistan.
Parliament approved the amendment in the
first schedule of the Customs Tariff Act in
this regard.
India had notified the basic customs duty to
200% on all goods exported from Pakistan
with effect from 16th of February 2019. Basic
Customs Duty is the duty imposed on the
value of the goods at a specific rate
Sri Lanka: Annual festival at historic
Kataragama temple attracts
devotees
The fortnight-long festival began last week and
is joined by people all over Sri Lanka and
abroad.
The festival will end next week on full moon
night with a water cutting ceremony,
Thousands of devotees travel for hundreds of
kilometres on foot to attend the fortnight-long
festival.
The place finds mention in Skanda Purana and
is popular for centuries-old Hindu temple of
Lord Kartika, known locally as Katargama
Deviyo.
Sunil Chhetri and Ashalata Devi
wins AIFF Player of the Year
Indian captain Sunil Chhetri (34-years) has
won the AIFF Men‟s footballer of the
year 2018-19 award.
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Sunil Chhetri has already won Player of the
Year award in 2007, 2011, 2013, 2014 and
2017.
Currently, Chhetri plays for Bengaluru FC
in the Indian Super League (ISL).
India midfielder Abdul Samad was named
the AIFF Emerging Men's Player of the Year.
Ace Indian Women‘s footballer Ashalata
Devi has won the Women‘s footballer of the
year award.
The AIFF Player of the Year is an annual
association football award presented to the
best footballer in India over the previous
year (2018-19 season).
. 'Gully Boy' wins NETPAC Award at
BIFAN in South Korea
Indian movie 'Gully Boy' has been honoured
with the NETPAC (The Network for the
Promotion of Asian Cinema) Award for Best
Asian Film at Bucheon International
Fantastic Film Festival (23rd) in South
Korea.
The film features actors Ranveer Singh and
Alia Bhatt.
The film 'Gully Boy' has been directed by
Zoya Akhtar (released on 14th February
2019).
'Gully Boy' is inspired by the lives of
Mumbai street rappers Vivian Fernandes
aka Divine and Naved Shaikh (aka Naezy
World Population Day
World Population Day 2019 is observed on
July 11
The Day aims to focus attention on the
urgency and importance of population
issues.
World Population Day was established by
United Nations Development Programme in
1989.
2019 World Population Day calls for global
attention to the unfinished business of the
1994 International Conference on
Population and Development (ICPD) held in
Cairo.
At IPCD 179 governments adopted a
Programme of Action and called for
women‘s reproductive health and rights to
take centre stage in national and global
development efforts.
How India controls dessert locusts
Agriculture Minister has told Parliament that
recently, there has been an incursion of
desert locusts in Rajasthan and Gujarat from
areas bordering Pakistan.
Locusts are large herbivorous insects that
can be serious pests of agriculture due to
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their ability to form dense and highly
mobile swarms. They are species of short-
horned grasshoppers.
India has a Locust Control and Research
scheme responsible for control of desert
locusts.
Locus warning Organisation (LWO) is
responsible to monitor and control the
locust situation in Scheduled Desert Area
(SDA) mainly in the States of Rajasthan and
Gujarat by way of intensive survey,
surveillance, monitoring and control
operations.
Govt approves changes in POCSO
Act, includes death penalty for
sexual offences against children
The Union Cabinet has approved an
amendment to the Protection of Children
from Sexual Offences (POSCO) Act, 2012.
The amendment provides for stringent
punishment, including death penalty, for
sexual assault of children.
The amendments also provide for levy of
fines and imprisonment to curb child
pornography.
Amendments are also proposed to protect
children from sexual offences in times of
natural calamities.
The amendments are aimed to establish
clarity regarding the aspects of child abuse
and punishment thereof.
88 manual scavenging deaths in
3 years
According to the Social Justice and
Empowerment Ministry,88 people have
died in manual scavenging related deaths
in the past three years.
Tamil Nadu had the highest number of
sewer deaths followed by Gujarat.
Manual scavenging is the practice of
manually cleaning, carrying, disposing of,
or handling human excreta.
The International Labour Organization
(ILO) distinguishes three forms of manual
scavenging: a) Removal of human
excrement from public streets and dry
latrines, b) Cleaning septic tanks, and c)
Cleaning gutters and sewers.
Manual scavenging in India is prohibited
under the Prohibition of Employment as
Manual Scavengers and their Rehabilitation
Act 2013.
Honour for „Plan Bee‟ that helped
save jumbos
Plan bee has been given the best innovation
award in Indian Railways for the 2018-19
fiscal.
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Plan bee is an amplifying system imitating
the buzz of a swarm of honey bees to
keep wild elephants away from railway
tracks. This strategy was adopted by the
Northeast Frontier Railway (NFR).
NFR officials have said that a mix of Plan Bee
and other measures have helped them save
1,014 elephants from 2014 to June 2019.
Plan bee was adopted as there are 29
earmarked elephant corridors with the
operating zone of NFR spread across the
north-eastern states and parts of Bihar and
West Bengal
India urges Commonwealth to
readmit Maldives as member
1. Maldives had left the Commonwealth in
2016 at the height of political turmoil in the
country. However, the situation in Maldives
changed in 2018 when a new president
came to power. 2. Commonwealth of Nations is an
international intergovernmental
organization of countries that were mostly
former territories of the British Empire and
dependencies.
3. Commonwealth was established by the
London Declaration in 1949. Queen
Elizabeth II is the head of the
Commonwealth.
4. The current membership includes 53
Countries. The membership is based on
free and equal voluntary cooperation.
5. The member states of the commonwealth
are not legally liable or bound to each
other. They are rather united by language,
history, culture, likeness of democracy,
human rights and the rule of law.
Study in India‟ programme to
encourage flow of inbound
international students in India
1. The programme aims to attract foreign
students to pursue higher education in the
country.
2. The objectives of the programme includes
(a) to make India a preferred education
destination/hub for foreign students (b)
improve the soft power of India with a focus
on the neighbouring countries and use it as
a tool in diplomacy (c) to increase India‘s
market share of global education exports
(e) improvement in overall quality of
higher education and (f) increase in global
ranking of India.
3. The programme will focus on attracting
International students from select 30 plus
countries across South-East Asia, Middle
East and Africa.
Lifting 271 mn out of poverty in
10 yrs,India fastest, Jharkhand
No.1 area: UN
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1. The report has stated that among the
selected countries with a significant
reduction in MPI value, India has reduced
the multidimensional poverty the fastest in
absolute terms.
2. The report cites Jharkhand which has
reduced multidimensional poverty from
74.9% to 46.5% in the ten years since 2005-
06 as an example of the poorest region
improving the fastest.
3. The index says that India was among the
countries where poverty reduction in rural
areas outpaced that in urban areas which is
an indicator of pro-poor development.
4. As per Index, 1.3 billion people in the
world are still multidimensional poor. It
says that level of Inequality and poverty is
very high in Sub-Saharan Africa and South
Asia.
5. The Global MPI Report is prepared by the
United Nations Development Programmed
(UNDP) and the Oxford Poverty and Human
Development Initiative.
6. The criterion for someone to be declared
as deprived as per MPI are as follows :(a)
Education (year of schooling, child
enrollment) (b) Health (child mortality,
nutrition) and (c) Standard of living
(electricity, drinking water, sanitation,
flooring, cooking fuel, assets).
Indian scientists develop wonder
material „black gold‟
1. Indian scientists from Tata Institute of
Fundamental Research (TIFR) have developed a new material called ―Black
gold‖.
2. This material was developed using gold
nanoparticles. This material can potentially
be used for applications ranging from solar
energy harvesting to desalinating seawater.
3. The new material has unique properties
such as capacity to absorb light and carbon
dioxide (CO2).Gold does not have these
properties.
4. Black gold has the ability to absorb the
entire visible and near-infrared region of
solar light. It does so because of inter-
particle plasmonic coupling as well as
heterogeneity in nanoparticle size.
5. Black gold could also act as a catalyst and
could convert CO2 into methane at
atmospheric pressure and temperature
using solar energy.
6. The material can also be used as a nano-
heater to convert seawater into potable
water with good efficiency
U.S. will consider „301 probe‟ on
India, says trade official
301 probe is employed as a precursor to
tariffs and other trade measures against a
country. It can result in the U.S imposing
tariffs or taking other trade action against its
trading partners if the parties do not come
to a settlement.
Section 301 of the U.S. Trade Act, 1974 was
also authorised in a 2017 probe that
resulted in tariffs on Chinese exports to the
U.S. Earlier this week, the USTR had
announced a 301 probe against France on a
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digital services tax.
However, deputy USTR has also said that
India finalising data localisation policies
could be deal-breaker across the board
between the two countries.
Data localisation refer to regulations that
dictate how data on a nation‘s citizens is
collected, processed and stored inside the
country.
In 2018, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) had
asked payment firms to ensure their data
are stored exclusively on local servers. This
had affected US foreign firms such as
MasterCard and Visa
Setting up of Neutrino Observatory
The Government of India has approved a
project to build the India-based Neutrino
Observatory (INO) at Pottipuram in Theni
District of Tamil Nadu.
A neutrino is a subatomic particle with no
electric charge. They are considered to be
the second most abundant particle in the
universe after photons or light particles.
Currently, three types of neutrinos called
flavors are known: (a) Electron Neutrino (b)
Muon Neutrino and (c) Tauon Neutrino
Further, Neutrinos can change from one
flavor to another as they travel. This process is called neutrino oscillation.
Neutrinos are important as they hold the
key to several important and fundamental
questions on the origin of the Universe and
the energy production in stars.
Further, if the properties of neutrinos can
be studied better, they can also be used in
astronomy to discover what the universe is
made up of.
India to handover 200 houses in
Myanmar‟s Rakhine State
India has handed over 250 pre-fabricated
houses to Myanmar. These houses were
built for the displaced Rohingya returnees
from Bangladesh.
The Indian government had taken up the
project under its Rakhine State
Development Programme (RSDP) under
which $25 million was allocated for a period
of five years.
The MOU on RSDP was signed between
India and Myanmar in December 2017.It
aims to contribute to the socio-economic
development of the area.
The programme includes creation of
infrastructure in the areas of education,
health, agriculture and allied activities,
agro-processing, community development
sectors and related training in these areas.
India‟s Anshula Kant is World
Bank MD and CFO
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The World Bank has announced the appointment of Anshula Kant as Managing
Director and Chief Financial Officer of the
World Bank Group.
She is currently the Managing Director of
the State Bank of India (SBI). She will also be
the first woman Chief Financial Officer of
the World Bank.
The World Bank was created at the 1944
Bretton Woods Conference along with the
International Monetary Fund (IMF).The
World Bank and the IMF are both based in
Washington D.C and work closely with each
other.
ISRO‟s lunar touchdown has dry run
on soil fetched from Tamil Nadu
ISRO‘s Chandrayaan-2‘s lander and rover
has been tested on a simulated surface at
Lunar Terrain Test Facility (LTTF) in
Bengaluru.
Chandrayaan-2, India‘s second Moon
mission, will be launched on July 15, 2019
Chandrayaan 2 will comprise of an Orbiter,
Lander named ‗Vikram‘ and Rover named
‗Pragyan‘. The orbiter will circle the moon
and provide information about its surface.
The lander will carry a camera, a
seismometer, a thermal instrument and a
NASA-supplied laser retroreflector that will
help calculate the distance between the
Earth and the moon
The lander will make a soft landing near the
lunar South and send out the rover. The
rover will be used mostly for in situ
experiments. Only Russia, USA and China
have soft landed on moon so far.
LaQshya
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare had
launched LaQshya (Labour room Quality
improvement Initiative) in 2018.
The objectives of LaQshya are a) To reduce
maternal and newborn mortality &
morbidity due to haemorrhage, retained
placenta, obstructed labour, newborn
sepsis, etc., b) To improve Quality of care
during the delivery and immediate post-
partum care, stabilization of complications
and ensure timely referrals, and enable an
effective two-way follow-up system and c)
To enhance satisfaction of beneficiaries
visiting the health facilities and provide
Respectful Maternity Care (RMC) to all
pregnant women attending the public
health facilities.
India is home to 1,256 species of orchid,
says first comprehensive survey
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According to the publication, Orchids of
India: A Pictorial Guide- the first
comprehensive census of orchids of India,
the total number of orchid species endemic
to India is 388.
The Himalayas, North-East parts of India
and Western Ghats are the hot-spots of
orchids.
The highest number of orchid species is
recorded from Arunachal Pradesh followed
by Sikkim and West Bengal. The Western
Ghats have high endemism of orchids.
Orchids are broadly categorised into three
life forms: a) epiphytic (plants growing on
another plants including those growing on
rock boulders and often termed lithophyte),
b) terrestrial (plants growing on land and
climbers) and c) mycoheterotrophic (plants
which derive nutrients from mycorrhizal
fungi that are attached to the roots of a
vascular plant). Law Commission to be formed soon
The three-year term of the 21st Law
Commission under Justice B.S. Chauhan had
ended on August 31, 2018.
Law Commission of India is non-statutory
body. It is established through an order of
the Government of India. The government
of India constitutes the Law Commission for
a fixed tenure (every three years).
The main function of the Law commission is
to reform laws. The Commission acts as an
advisory body to the Ministry of Law and
Justice.
The First Law commission pre-
independence was set up in 1834 under the
Charter Act, 1833. The chairman of the
commission was Lord Macaulay.
first Law Commission of India post-
independence was established in 1995. The
then Attorney-General of India, Mr
M.C.Setalvad was the Chairman of the
Commission
India, Russia seek to skirt US
sanctions threat to arms deals
Russia and India have agreed on a new
mechanism which will allow payments for
multi-billion dollar defence deals to be
made using their own national currencies.
This mechanism was established after
Indian banks with exposure to the US had
suspended payments and instalments to
Russia to avoid the threat of punitive
sanctions under Countering America‘s
Adversaries through Sanctions
Act(CAATSA).
Further,the US administration has also been
persuading India to cancel the Russian S-
400 missile defence system.India had
signed a $5.4 billion deal to purchase five
batteries of the Russian S-400 Triumf missile
system in 2018.
Russia has been struggling to maintain sales
of its defence sector because of U.S.
sanctions that threaten anyone who buys
Russian weapons.
The 2017 act of CAATSA requires the
imposition of sanctions on persons and
entities that knowingly engaged in a
significant transaction with Russia‘s defence
or intelligence sectors.
Over 5 billion dollar penalty
imposed on Pakistan in Reko Diq
case
The World Bank‘s International Centre for
Settlement of Investment Disputes(ICSID)
has imposed a penalty of $5.95 billion
against Pakistan in the Reko Diq case.
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The penalty was imposed on Pakistan for
unlawful denial of a mining lease to a
Tethyan Copper Company(TCC) for the
Reko Diq project in 2011.The company had
claimed 11.43 billion dollars in damages.
Reko Diq Mine is one of the world‘s
biggest untapped copper and gold deposits
located in Balochistan,Pakistan.Reko Diq
area is buried at the foot of an extinct
volcano near the frontier with Iran and
Afghanistan.
It has estimated reserves of 5.9 billion tons
of low-grade copper and gold reserves
amounting to 41.5 million oz.
The ICSID is part of and funded by the
World Bank Group.It is headquartered in
Washington,D.C,United States.It was
established by the Convention on the
Settlement of Investment Disputes between
States and Nationals of Other States.
No intent to exclude India from
Afghan diplomacy: China
China has tried to reassure India that it does
not intend to exclude India from
international diplomacy on Afghanistan.
This assurance came after India was
excluded from the quadrilateral talks
among China,Russia, the U.S. and Pakistan
on the Afghanistan peace process.
The four countries had jointly urged the
Taliban to immediately agree to a ceasefire
and begin direct negotiations with the
Afghanistan government to end the 18-year
violence in the war-torn country.
Further,China has said that there was no
deliberate intent among the participants to
exclude India from discussions on the
Afghanistan peace process.
Ujjwala has cut rural women‟s chest
congestion by 20%: Study
According to a study by Indian Chest
Society and Indian Chest Research
Foundation, Ujjwala scheme has helped
reduce chest congestion in rural women by
20%. The study has been published in the
International Journal of Medical and Health
Research.
Launched in 2016, Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala
Yojana is a scheme of the Ministry of
Petroleum & Natural Gas.
It aims to safeguard the health of women &
children by providing them with a clean
cooking fuel – LPG.
The scheme provides free LPG connections
to economically weaker families. The
connections are issued in the name of
women of the households.
Sewer deaths: Centre calls for quick
response units
The Union Housing and Urban Affairs
Ministry has asked all States and Union
Territories to set up emergency response
sanitation units (ERSU).
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The ERSUs are to set up in capital cities of
each State/UT and in all major cities having
a municipal corporation and/or water and
sewerage board with population of more
than one lakh.
The ERSUs would include trained cleaners
wearing protective gear. The district
Magistrate or municipal commissioner
would be designated as the Responsible
Sanitation Authority, which would organise
the staff for the ERSU.
Those trained, equipped and certified as
sewer entry professionals would be the only
ones allowed to enter sewers and septic
tanks.
Google India‟s „Internet Saathi‟
programme to empower rural
women
The Internet Sathi Programme will be
expanded in the villages of Punjab and
Odisha.
The Internet Sathi programme is an
initiative by Google India and Tata Trusts. It
was launched in 2015.
The programme aims to facilitate digital
literacy among women in rural India.
Under the programme, women (Internet
Sathis) are educated on how to use the
internet. These women, in turn, impart
training to other women in their community
and neighbouring villages.
The programme started as a pilot in
Rajasthan. It has since then expanded to 2.6
lakh villages in 20 states.
Over 820 million people suffering
from hunger:UN Report
The UN report titled ―The State of Food
Security and Nutrition in the World‖ was
prepared by the UN Food and Agriculture
Organization (FAO) and other United
Nations agencies including the World
Health Organization (WHO).
The report also found that income inequality
is rising in many of the countries where
hunger is on the rise making it even more
difficult for the poor, vulnerable or
marginalised to cope with economic
slowdowns and downturns.
The report also says that after decades of
decline, malnutrition has began to increase
in 2015 mainly because of climate change
and war.
Further, it says that in the Indian Himalayas,
economic slowdown coupled with natural
resource depletion and climate change has
negatively impacted on food production
and employment opportunities. This
resulted in increased threats to food
security due to lower purchasing power.
Elon Musk unveils project on mind-machine
interface
Neuralink has developed technology meant
to be implanted into the brain. It is
designed to allow people to operate
computers and smartphones with their
thoughts. It has developed a robot to insert
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those threads in the brain, under the
direction of a neurosurgeon.
Neuralink has planned to seek US Food and
Drug Administration‘s approval for a human
clinical trial on a version of its device that is
only intended for patients with serious
unmet medical diseases. The first clinical
trial will target patients with complete
paralysis due to an upper spinal cord.
Neuralink is a neurotechnology company
founded by Elon Musk in 2016. It aims to
build a scalable implant to connect human
brains with computers.
Remnants of Iron Age in
Malampuzha
Explorers from Government Victoria
College have discovered iron implements
from the catchment area of the Malampuzha
dam in the Palakkad district. The iron
implements were unearthed from a cist
burial found in the area. They belong to the
Iron Age in Kerala.
In Kerala, the Iron Age burials dated back
to 700 BC. These burials are the evidence
for secondary burials which was practised
during that period.
The iron implements were spotted during a
survey of Iron Age sites and burials as part
of a University Grants Commission (UGC)-
aided project that began in 2014
Launching the Broadband
Readiness Index for Indian States
and Union Territories (2019-2022)
The Department of Telecom(DoT) and the
Indian Council for Research on International
Economic Relations(ICRIER) has signed an MoU to develop a Broadband Readiness
Index(BRI) for Indian States and UT.
The first BRI estimate will be made in 2019
and subsequently every year until 2022.
The index will access the states digital
readiness both on the demand and supply
parameters that would also spur
competitiveness among them and create
new opportunities in the wireless
infrastructure space.
The index would also create a collaborative
institutional mechanism between the
Centre,states and local bodies and other
stakeholders.
Extinction of Great Indian
Bustard, Lesser Florican: SC
forms panel to frame
emergency plan
The Supreme Court formed high powered
committee on a plea which has contended
that the population of the Great Indian
Bustard and Lesser Florican has seen a
sharp decline over the past few decades.
The petitioner blamed various reasons for
the threats faced by the two birds including
mortality by collision with infrastructure,
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particularly power lines and wind turbines,
depletion of grasslands and hunting.
The Great Indian Bustard is a bustard
found in India and the adjoining regions of
Pakistan.It is found in
Rajasthan,Gujarat,Maharashtra, Karnataka
and Andhra Pradesh in India.It is also the
State bird of Rajasthan.
The lesser florican (Sypheotides indicus)
also known as the likh or kharmore is the
smallest in bustard family.It is endemic to
the Indian Subcontinent.
These bustards are found mainly in
northwestern and central India during the
summer but are found more widely
distributed across India in winter.The bird
is an endangered species in the
International Union for Conservation of
Nature‘s (IUCN) Red List.
Karnataka crisis: What‟s a „whip‟,
and what does it do?
A whip in parliamentary parlance is a
written order that party members be
present for an important vote, or that they
vote only in a particular way. In India all
parties can issue a whip to their members.
Parties appoint a senior member from
among their House contingents to issue
whips — this member is called a Chief
Whip. The Chief Whip is assisted by
additional Whips.
There are three kinds of whips- a) one line
whip, b) two line whip and c) three line
whip,rebelling against a three-line whip can
put a lawmaker‘s membership of the House
at risk
The anti-defection law, 1985, contained in
the 10th Schedule of the Constitution allows
the Speaker to disqualify such a member.
The only exception is when more than a
third of legislators vote against a directive,
effectively splitting the party.
Child labour in film, TV comes
under scanner
1. The Union Labour and Employment Ministry
has expressed concern over violations of
child labour rules in film and television
industry.
2. It has also urged the Ministry of Information
and Broadcasting to ensure strict
compliance by the industry with the norms
on working conditions for children. Further,
it has said that mandatory disclaimers
should be presented when children appear
on screen.
3. Child Labour is prohibited in India under
the Child Labour (Prohibition & Regulation)
Act, 1986 (amended in 2016) and Child
Labour (Prohibition and Regulation)
Amendment Rules, 2017.
4. Under the Child Labour (Prohibition and
Regulation) Amendment Rules, 2017, child
artistes are supposed to work for a
maximum of five hours a day and not more
than three hours without rest.
INS Sagardhwani Flagged Off for
„Sagar Maitri‟
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The ship‘s mission has been conceptualised
by Defence Research and Development
Organization (DRDO). It is in consonance
with the Prime Minister‘s vision of ‗Safety
and Growth of All in the Region‘ (SAGAR)
SAGAR seeks to promote closer
cooperation in socio-economic aspects, as
well as greater scientific interaction,
especially in ocean research in underwater
acoustics, among Indian Ocean Region
(IOR) countries.
The prime objectives of the SAGAR MAITRI
mission-2 are a) data collection from the
entire North Indian Ocean, focusing on the
Andaman Sea and adjoining seas and b)
establishing long term collaboration with
eight IOR countries in the field of ‗Ocean
Research and Development‘.
India draws new „red lines‟ for talks
on Afghan peace process
India has shared a table with the Taliban for
the first time in November, 2018.India has
now spelt out its three new red lines on the
peace and reconciliation process in
Afghanistan.
The first is that all initiatives and processes
must include all sections of the Afghan
society including the legitimately elected
government. This is important as the Afghan
government was often side-lined by
international interlocutors when they
engaged with the Taliban.
The second is that any process should
respect the constitutional legacy and
political mandate. This means that the
achievement of establishing democratic
processes and human rights including
women‘s rights should be respected.
The third is that any process should not
lead to any ungoverned spaces where
terrorists and their proxies can relocate.
This is crucial for India as it points out the
threat from terrorist groups including the
Haqqani network, Al Qaeda must not be
allowed to operate from Afghanistan.
Former athlete P T Usha nominated
for IAAF's Veteran Pin
Former athlete P T Usha (55-years) has
been nominated for the International
Association of Athletics
Federations (IAAF) Veteran Pin.
She will receive the pin during the opening ceremony of the 52nd IAAF Congress in
Doha, Qatar.
Usha's most memorable performance came
in the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics where
she became the first Indian to reach the
finals of the 400m hurdles but lost the
bronze by one-hundredth of a second.
She is often called the "queen of Indian
track and field". Pilavullakandi Thekkeparambil
Usha (retired Indian track and field athlete)
has been associated with Indian athletics
since 1979.
Former Delhi CM Sheila Dikshit
passes away
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Former Delhi Chief Minister and veteran Congress leader Shiela Dikshit (81 years)
passed away at Escorts Fortis hospital in
Delhi.
She was suffering from a heart ailment for a
long time.
Dikshit served at the Chief Minister of Delhi
for a period of 15 years from 1998 to 2013.
Presently, she was holding the office of
Delhi Congress president.
Kerala will host Women Startup
Summit 2019
The Kerala Startup Mission (KSUM) is
hosting the Women Startup Summit on
August 1.
The summit will be hosted in association
with the Indian Women Network floated by
Confederation of Indian Industry (CII), at
the Integrated Startup Complex, Kochi.
Successful women leaders, startup
founders, policymakers and women
entrepreneurs will participate in the
summit.
The theme of this summit is ‗Developing an
Inclusive Entrepreneurship Ecosystem‘.
About 20 women startups shortlisted from
the ―She Loves Tech‖ national grand
challenge will be showcased in the summit
Google India's 'Internet Saathi'
programme to empower rural
women
Google India's 'Internet Saathi' programme
aimed to empower rural women on how to
use the Internet has now added two more
states - Punjab and Odisha.
With this, the programme has now reached
2.6 lakh villages in 20 states.
Launched as a pilot project in 2015, along
with Tata Trusts, 'Internet Saathi'
programme focuses on educating women
on how to use the Internet.
These women, in turn, impart training to
other women in their community and
neighbouring villages.
Govt bans use of antibiotic Colistin
in animal feed, poultry, aqua farms
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study had ranked India the fourth largest
consumer of antibiotics in food animals
globally Colistin is a polypeptide
antibiotic from the group of polymyxins. It
is predominantly used in veterinary
medicine in the treatment of intestinal
diseases as well as other infections. The
drug has been highly misused in India‘s
poultry industry.
In humans, it is used as a last line therapy
to treat infections caused by multidrug-
resistant Gram-negative bacteria.
According to the World Health
Organisation (WHO), Colistin is a
―reserve‖ antibiotic.
The prohibition comes as an effort to curb
the growing menace of antimicrobial
resistance (AMR). One of the major cause
of AMR is the rampant use of antibiotics in
livestock animals and poultry.
The after China, the United States and
Brazi
India China to have Joint Military
Exercise in Meghalaya
India and China will hold the 8th edition of
the annual military exercise Hand in Hand
in December 2019.
It is at the company level, meaning around
100-120 infantry troops from both sides will
be participating.
It will be based on counter-terrorism and
humanitarian assistance and disaster relief
operations.
Hand-in-Hand military exercises are
tactical-level operations that aims to build
closer relations between Indian and
Chinese armies. The first Hand in Hand
exercise was held in Kunming, China in
2007.
Thirty Meter Telescope
There have been protests in Hawaii over
Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT) – a proposed
astronomical observatory with an extremely
large telescope (ELT). It is proposed to be
built on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano and
the highest point in Hawaii.
The protests are taking place as Mauna Kea
is considered to be a sacred ground by
native Hawaiians. Spain‘s Canary Islands is
a backup site, if the TMT cannot be built on
Mauna Kea.
The Thirty Meter Telescope is called so
because of its 30 m prime mirror diameter.
The TMT will provide information about the
nature of ―first-light‖ objects and their
effects on the universe‘s evolution. It will
also observe the formation and
development of the large-scale structures
by looking at faint distant galaxies and the
intergalactic medium, providing
information the nature of dark matter that
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are inaccessible using any other
techniques.
World celebrates 50th anniversary
of Apollo 11 moon landing
July 20th marked the 50th anniversary of
Apollo 11 moon landing. Apollo 11 was the
fifth crewed mission of NASA‘s Apollo
program.
On 20 July 1969, the Eagle module from
Apollo 11 landed at Tranquility Base, a site
on Moon.
Neil Armstrong, one of the astronaut aboard
the Apollo 11, made history by becoming
the first person to walk on the Moon. Buzz
Aldrin, another astronaut, became the
second person to walk on moon.
NASA has recently announced its new
manned mission to the moon -Artemis.
ARTEMIS stands for Acceleration,
Reconnection, Turbulence and
Electrodynamics of the Moon‘s Interaction
with the Sun.
Moon mission to try landing on
Sept 7
The moon landing has been planned during
the particular period as the landing site will
remain well illuminated by sunlight over the
next one month while the Lander and Rover
could work and collect data. Also, there is
no lunar eclipse during this period.
The Chandrayaan-2 is India‘s second lunar
mission. It is a fully indigenous mission.
Chandrayaan-2 will comprise of an Orbiter,
Lander named ‗Vikram‘ and Rover named
‗Pragyan‘
The orbiter will circle the moon and
provide information about its surface, while
the lander will make a soft landing on the
surface and send out the rover. The rover
will be used mostly for in situ experiments.
The lunar mission will carry out extensive
three-dimensional mapping of the
topography of the lunar South Pole region.
It will also determine its elemental
composition and seismic activity.
Pencil Portal
Union Minister for Labour has informed Lok
Sabha that 361 Complaints of Child Labour
have been resolved Through Pencil Portal.
PENCIL portal stands for Platform for
Effective Enforcement for No Child Labour
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(PENCIL).The portal is administered by the
Ministry of Labour & Employment.
It is an electronic platform to ensure
effective enforcement of the provisions of
the Child Labour Act and smooth
implementation of the National Child
Labour Project (NCLP) Scheme.
The portal has five components namely (a)
Child Tracking System, (b) Complaint
Corner, (c) State Government, (d) National
Child Labour Project and (e) Convergence.
Since the subject of labour is in the
concurrent list, the enforcement of the
policy depends on respective state
governments.
This online portal aims to connect the
Centre to the state government, district and
to all project societies for effective
implementation of NCLP.
NCLP is a Central Sector Scheme for the
rehabilitation of child labour. The Scheme
seeks to adopt a sequential approach with
focus on rehabilitation of children working
in hazardous occupations & processes in the
first instance
Prime Minister‟s Research Fellows
(PMRF) Scheme
Union Minister for Human Resource
Development (HRD) has informed Lok
sabha about the Prime Minister‘s Research
Fellows (PMRF) Scheme.
The PMRF scheme is aimed at attracting the
talent pool of the country to doctoral (Ph.D)
programs of Indian Institutes of Technology
(IITs) and Indian Institute of Science (IISc)
for carrying out research in cutting edge
science and technology domains with focus
on national priorities.
Under it, students who have completed or
are in final year of B.Tech /Integrated
M.Tech/ M.Sc courses in Science and
Technology streams from IISc/IITs/IISERs/
NITs/IIITs will be offered direct admission
in PhD programme in IITs/IISc.
Further, selected students will be offered
monthly fellowship of Rs.70, 000 for first two
years, Rs.75, 000 for 3rd year and Rs.80, 000
in 4th and 5th years.
Each selected fellow student will also be
provided research grant of Rs.2.00 lakh for
a period of 5 years to cover their foreign
travel expenses for presenting research
papers in international conferences and
seminars.
The scheme will help tapping talent pool of
country for carrying out research
indigenously in cutting edge science and
technology domains
Government aims to cut patent
examination time to six months
Department for Promotion of Internal
Industry and Trade (DPIIT) aims to reduce
the time taken to examine patents to six
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months as part of its five year plan from 18
months currently.
A patent is a form of intellectual property. A
patent gives its owner the right to exclude
others from making, selling and importing
an invention for a limited period of time
usually twenty years. The patent rights are
granted in exchange for an enabling public
disclosure of the invention.
India also hopes that it will improve its
position further in the global innovation
index (GII), 2019 based on its improvement
in areas such as ease of doing business.
The GII has been jointly developed by the
WIPO, Cornell University and Paris-based
business school Insead. It includes more
than 80 indicators exploring a broad vision
of innovation including political
environment, education, infrastructure and
business sophistication.
In 2018, India has improved its ranking to
the 57th position from the 60th in 2017 while
China‘s ranking went up to 17th from 22nd a
year ago. Further, Switzerland has been on
top of the index for the last eight years.
The global launch of the GII 2019 which
would rank 130 countries will be released in
New Delhi. It is co-organised by WIPO,
DPIIT and CII.
The GII 2019 will also analyse the medical
innovation landscape of the next decade
looking at how technological and non-
technological medical innovation will
transform the delivery of healthcare
worldwide
Scrutinise RTI bill: Opposition
Opposition parties have criticised the Right
to Information (Amendment) Bill, 2019 and
moved a resolution to send it to the
Parliamentary Standing Committee for
further discussion.
RTI Act
2005
sets the
term of
the
Chief
Information Commissioner (CICs) and
Information Commissioners (ICs) at the
centre and state levels at five years (or until
the age of 65, whichever is earlier).
The amendment bill 2019 proposes that the
appointment will be for such term as may
be prescribed by the Central Government.
RTI ACT 2005 states that salaries,
allowances and other terms of service of the
Chief Information Commissioner shall be
the same as that of the Chief Election
Commissioner, and those of an Information
Commissioner shall be the same as that of
an Election Commissioner.
At the state level, CIC and IC salary shall be
equivalent to election commissioner and
Chief Secretary respectively.
The amendment proposes that the salaries,
allowances and other terms of service of the
Chief Information Commissioner and the
Information Commissioners at centre and
state level should be prescribed by the
Central Government.
Opposition parties have criticised the
amendment bill on the grounds that it would
dilute the Act and curtail the independence
of the CIC and other information officers.
They have opined that the amendment
would also allow Centre to simply transfer
any authority be it the CIC or any of the
SICs in the event a case is directed against
the interests of the government.
The RTI Act 2005 aims to promote
transparency and accountability in the
working of Public Authorities.
The Act provides that Public Authorities are
required to make disclosures on various
aspects of their structure and functioning.
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This includes: a) disclosure on their
organisation, functions, and structure, b)
powers and duties of its officers and
employees, and c) financial information
Karnataka Speaker disqualifies 14
more rebel MLAs till end of
Assembly term
Karnataka Assembly Speaker has
disqualified 14 MLAs under the tenth
schedule of the Constitution (anti defection
law).
The disqualification bars the legislators
from contesting Assembly polls for the term
of the current Assembly and also bars them
from holding constitutional posts during this
period.
The Anti-defection law is contained in the
10th Schedule of the Constitution. It was
enacted by Parliament in 1985.
The purpose of the anti-defection law is to
curb political defection by the legislators.
The law applies to both Parliament and state
assemblies.
It lays down the process by which
legislators may be disqualified on grounds
of defection by the Presiding Officer of a
legislature based on a petition by any other
member of the House.
There are two grounds on which a
member of a legislature can be
disqualified:
a) if he/she voluntarily gives up the
membership of his/her party and b) if a
legislator votes in the House against the
direction of his/her party and his/her action
is not condoned by his party.
There is an exception that has been
provided in the law to protect the
legislators from disqualification. The 10th
Schedule says that if there is a merger
between two political parties and two-thirds
of the members of a legislature party agree
to the merger, they will not be disqualified.
In Kihoto Hollohan vs Zachillhu and Others
(1991),the Supreme Court Constitution
Bench had declared that the Speaker‘s
decision was subject to judicial review.
Further, the Speaker of the House does not
have the power to review his own decisions
to disqualify a candidate. Such power is not
provided for under the Schedule and is not
implicit in the provisions either
India must convince industry of
RCEP‟s benefits: Australia
Australian High Commissioner to India has
said that Indian government must convince
the industry of Regional Comprehensive
Economic Partnership(RCEP) benefits.
Recently, Indian Commerce minister had
met industry bodies to review issues that
India would need to keep in mind when
continuing deliberations on the RCEP in
China.
The associations had said that industries are
apprehensive of India signing RCEP
because of fears that China will use it to
enter and dominate the Indian market by
dumping it with cheaper goods.
However, the Australian envoy has said that
Indian government should explain to the
industry that RCEP will open the door for
Indian industry to multiple markets.
The RCEP will also allow Indian industry
access to a number of countries in the
region and is a pathway to India‘s economic
development.
Further, she said that other challenge would
be if RCEP countries decide to go ahead
without countries like India and China as
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these are the two biggest economies of the
region.
RCEP is proposed mega trade pact
between the ten member states of the
Association of Southeast Asian Nations
(ASEAN) (Brunei, Burma (Myanmar),
Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, the
Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam)
and the six states with which ASEAN has
existing Free trade
agreements(FTA‘s)(Australia, China, India,
Japan, South Korea and New Zealand).
It aims to boost goods trade by eliminating
most tariff and non-tariff barriers — a move
that is expected to provide the region‘s
consumers greater choice of quality
products at affordable rates. It also seeks to
liberalise investment norms and do away
with services trade restrictions
States told to set up Centres to
detain illegal migrants
The Central Government is planning to
release a Model Detention Manual,2019.
The manual has asked all states and union
territories to set up at least one detention
centre each with modern amenities for
illegal migrants/ foreigners.
The aim behind setting up such detention
centres is to restrict the movement of
foreigners staying back illegally and
thereby ensure that they are physically
available at all times for expeditious
repatriation or deportation.
As per the manual, states will not need any
specific approval from the Union home
ministry for setting up a detention or
holding center.
Further, every detention centre shall have a
cell which will provide help to the detainee
foreigners for contacting the concerned
embassy or their family through proper
procedure.
The manual also says that a skill centre and
crèche facilities for children may also be
provided within the detention camp.
Further, observing that detention centres in
most states were being run from prison, the
manual has also directed that detention
centres or camps be set up outside jail
premises.
This manual comes in the backdrop of the
exercise in Assam where the National
Register of Citizens (NRC) is being finalised
for which the Supreme Court has extended
the deadline till August 31,2019.
According to Citizenship Act 1955, an
illegal migrant is a foreigner who enters the
country without valid travel documents like
a passport and visa or enters with valid
documents but stays beyond the permitted
time period. Illegal migrants may be
imprisoned or deported under the
Foreigners Act, 1946 and the Passport
(Entry into India) Act,1920
Preventive steps taken to check
Marine Pollution
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Minister of State for Shipping (I/C) and
Chemical & Fertilizers has informed Lok
Sabha about the various preventive steps
taken by the Government of India to check
marine pollution.
The Minister informed that India is a
signatory to MARPOL (International
Convention on the Prevention of Marine
Pollution).
In addition, the Prevention of Marine
Pollution is also dealt with by Merchant
Shipping Rules, 2009 framed under the
Merchant Shipping Act, 1958.
The Minister has also informed that periodic
surveys of Indian flag vessels are carried
out in order to ensure compliance to the
above rules.
In 2019, steering committee with
stakeholders from all the concerned
Ministers and Departments has been
constituted by the Ministry of Environment,
Forests and Climate Change to tackle the
issues of marine plastic littering.
MARPOL is the main international
convention covering prevention of pollution
of the marine environment by ships from
operational or accidental causes. The
Convention was adopted in 1973 at IMO.
The Protocol of 1978 was adopted in
response to a spate of tanker accidents in
1976-1977.
Ministry of mines organises a
workshop on Effective utilization of
Red Mud
Ministry of Mines has organised a workshop
called ‗Waste To Wealth‘ on effective
utilization of ‗Red Mud‘.
The workshop was organised in association
with Jawaharlal Nehru Aluminium Research
Development and Design Centre
(JNARDDC).
Red Mud is a solid waste generated during
the aluminium production process.This is an
environmental concern due to the presence
of impurities such as caustic soda and
others minerals.
The global generation of red mud is more
than 150 million tonnes and there exists a
global inventory of more than three billion
tonnes.Red mud generation in India is
around 9 million tonnes per year.
The workshop discussed on the present
status regarding the generation of Red Mud
and its safe disposal and utilization. The
deliberations were also held on efforts for
effective utilisation of red mud with
necessary government support
Ambedkar Hastshilp Vikas Yojana
Union Minister of Textiles has informed Lok Sabha about the Ambedkar Hastshilp
Vikas Yojana (AHVY).
The Government had launched the
Ambedkar Hastshilp Vikas Yojana (AHVY)
in the year 2001-2002.
The objective of the scheme is to mobilize
the artisans into Self Help Groups and
training the groups on various aspects of
forming and running the community
business enterprises for self-sustainability
of artisans.
The Government has identified and
adopted 90 clusters across the country
which will also cover aspirational districts,
women clusters, weaker section and export
potential clusters. The objective is to
transform these clusters in a time period of
3 years by ensuring self-sustainment of the
Self Help Groups and artisans of these
clusters.
Government has also taken initiative to
organize campaign to educate cluster
artisans about the scope of Producer
Company and its importance for long term
sustainable business development for the
cluster.
In addition to the above, the Government
has organized Hastkala Sahyog Shivirs at
more than 300 places all over the country
for providing Aadhaar linked Pahchan card,
marketing facilities, facilitating to artisans
through Mudra loan and enrolment of
artisans under different schemes
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China plans to build more military
facilities abroad
China has released a white paper titled
―China‘s National Defence in the New Era‖.
The paper has touched upon various
aspects of its military development
comparing with India, US, Russia and other
countries.
The white paper has tried to justify China
building military facilities in foreign
locations and signalled that it would
continue with efforts in this direction.
China has already established a military
support base in Djibouti in the Horn of
Africa.
Further, experts have said that China may
establish military bases in countries with
which it has a longstanding friendly
relationship and similar strategic interests
such as Pakistan and in which there is a
precedent for hosting foreign militaries.
India has also been worried that China‘s
People‘s Liberation Army would use the $60
billion China-Pakistan Economic
Corridor(CPEC) to extend its military
reach.
CPEC refers to a number of major
infrastructure works currently under way in
Pakistan intended to link Kashgar in China‘s
Xinjiang province to Gwadar deep sea port
close to Pakistan‘s border with Iran. The
project seeks to expand and upgrade
infrastructure across the length and breadth
of Pakistan.
The CPEC passes through Pakistan-
Occupied Kashmir (Gilgit-Baltistan). As
both India and Pakistan claim all of Kashmir,
the area is considered a disputed territory
by India. According to India, it undermines
India‘s strategic interests and territorial
integrity
5G, data localisation to dominate
BRICS meeting
The two-day BRICS foreign ministers is set
to be held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. This
meeting is being held in preparation for the
11th BRICS summit in November, 2019.
The meeting is expected to call for a united
stand on issues surrounding 5G networks
and data storage.
The BRICS countries may also search for
common ground on data localisation after
the Reserve Bank of India had passed
guidelines ensuring that financial data
pertaining to Indians is stored only in Indian
servers.
The meeting will also make a special
mention of the U.S. opposition to Chinese
telecom major Huawei.
India is yet to clarify whether it will include
Huawei in its trials of 5G equipment due to
start in September, 2019.The issue had
been raised on the sidelines of the Osaka
G-20 summit but no decision has been
announced.
BRICS is an association of Brazil, Russia,
India, China and South Africa, the five
fastest emerging nations. The BRICS
Leaders Summit is convened annually.
Together, BRICS accounts for about 40% of
the world‘s population and about 30% of the
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GDP (Gross Domestic Product) making it a
critical economic engine.
The 10th BRICS summit was held in
Johannesburg, South Africa. The theme of
10th BRICS Summit was ―BRICS in Africa:
Collaboration for Inclusive Growth and
Shared Prosperity in the 4th Industrial
Revolution
India‟s first dragon blood-oozing
tree
Researchers from Assam have discovered Dracaena cambodiana. It is a
dragon tree species in the Dongka Sarpo
area of West Karbi Anglong.
This is for the first time that a dragon tree
species has been reported from India.
This plant yields dragon‘s blood which is a
bright red resin used since ancient times as
medicine, body oil, varnish, incense and
dye.
Several antifungal and antibacterial
compounds, antioxidants, flavonoids, have
also been extracted from various parts of
the plant.
Researchers have said that in India, the
Dracaena genus belongs to the family
Asparagaceae. It is represented by nine
species and two varieties in the Himalayan
region, the northeast and Andaman and
Nicobar Islands. But Dracaena cambodiana
is the only true dragon tree species.
However, ecent overexploitation to meet
the increasing demand for dragon‘s blood
has resulted in rapid depletion of the plant.
For this reason, the species is already listed
in the inventory of Rare and Endangered
Plants of China
ISRO now looks to solar mission
Aditya-L1
Following the successful launch of
Chandrayaan-2, Indian Space Research
Organisation (ISRO) is now focussing on
launching the Aditya L-1 mission.
The Aditya L-1 mission is a satellite
designed to study the sun. It will be India‘s
first satellite to do so.
The mission is aimed at studying the Sun
from a halo orbit around the Sun-Earth
Lagrangian point 1, henceforth the name
Aditya-L1
The Aditya L-1 mission will study the Sun‘s
corona -the outer layer.
The major objectives of the mission are: a)
Realization and launch of a satellite in a Halo
orbit around L1, b) Understanding solar
upper atmospheric (chromosphere and
corona) dynamics, c) Study of
chromospheric and coronal heating and d)
Observe the in-situ particle and plasma
environment to provide data for the study of
particle dynamics from the Sun.
Lagrangian points are the positions in the
orbits of two large celestial bodies, where
the smaller object or satellite will be
affected by the combined gravitational pull
of the two large bodies (e.g. the Sun and the
Earth).
There are 5 such points out of which, only at
L1, the gravitational attraction of one of the
larger bodies is cancelled by the other
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Milky Way‟s violent birth decoded
According to scientists, Milky Way was
shaped in its present form as a result of
collision with another smaller galaxy called
Gaia-Enceladus, 10 billion years ago.
The study has been based on data from the
Gaia space observatory- a space
observatory of the European Space Agency
(ESA). Gaia seeks to map the positions of
more than 1 billion stars to the highest
precision
The merger of the Milky Way and Gaia-
Enceladus increased Milky Way‘s mass by
about a quarter and triggered a period of
accelerated star formation which lasted for
2 to 4 billion years.
Galaxies of all types began to form
relatively soon after the Big Bang explosion.
The Big Bang explosion marked the
beginning of the universe some 13.8 billion
years ago.
However, the galaxies were relatively
smaller that time and subsequent galactic
mergers have given galaxies their present
configuration.
This Indian Ocean snail species
may be first victim of deep-sea
mining
The scaly-foot snail or Sea Pangolin is the
first marine species to be assessed as
officially endangered due to the potential
threat of deep sea mining.
The scaly foot snail is found at three
hydrothermal vents in the Indian Ocean,
east of Madagascar. The three vents include
Longqi vent field, Kairei vent field and the
Solitaire vent
The International Union for Conservation of
Nature has listed it as ‗Endangered‘ in the
Red List.
Seabed mining is the process which
involves extracting submerged minerals
and resources from the sea floor, either by
dredging sand or lifting material in any
other manner.
The International Seabed Authority, an
autonomous international organization
established under the 1982 United Nations
Convention on the Law of the Sea, is
currently formulating guidelines on how to
conduct sea-bed mining.
There are growing concerns among
environmentalists that seabed mining
would harm marine organisms, disrupt
marine ecosystem, thereby impact the rich
biodiversity of oceans
New Space India Limited
The Central had set up New Space India
Limited (NSIL) in March 2019. It is a Central
Public Sector Enterprise (CPSE), under the
administrative control of Department of
Space (DOS).
The NSIL has been set up to meet the
increasing demands of Indian space
programmes and to commercially exploit
the emerging global space market.
The main functions of NSIL are: a)
Manufacture of Small Satellite Launch
Vehicle (SSLV) in collaboration with Private
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Sector, b) production of Polar Satellite
Launch Vehicle (PSLV) through Indian
Industry, c) production and marketing of
Space based products and services,
including launch and application, d)
Transfer of technology developed by ISRO
Centres and constituent units of DOS and e)
Marketing spin-off technologies and
products/services, both in India and
abroad.
NSIL is the second commercial entity of the
Department of Space (DoS) after Antrix
Corporation Limited which was set up in
1992 to market the products and services of
the Indian Space Research Organisation
(ISRO)
Introducing all the servicesone-by-one.
Know
the
Service
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INDIAN CIVIL ACCOUNT SERVICE
The Indian Civil Accounts Service (ICAS) is one of the ‗Group A‘ services one can
join after clearing the UPSC exam. The service is headed by the Controller General
of Accounts. The ICAS service was created in 1976 to provide accounting and
auditing services to the Government of India. It functions through the Indian Civil
Accounts Organisation under the Ministry of Finance.
Functions of ICAS
The ICAS fulfils the following functions:
Development of processes, systems and forms related to government accounts of the Union of
India and the states.
Framing and optimization of manuals, rules and procedures for accounting of receipts and
payments according to Government Accounting Rules 1990.
Preparation of monthly and annual account statements along with periodic audits of revenue,
deficits and borrowings.
Monitoring and reconciliation of cash balances of the Government of India with the Reserve
Bank of India.
Coordination of management accounting systems in Civil Ministries along with developing
and implementing human resource augmentation programmes for the service and allied
organisations.
.