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Egyptian Society6th Grade UBD - Unit 3 - Egyptian Society
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Egyptian Dynasties- The Kingdoms of Upper and
Lower Egypt united around 3100 BCE. For most of the
next 3,000 years, this land was ruled by powerful kings
called pharaohs.
Calling Rank- Ancient Egyptians ranked members of
society based on their status.
Egyptian Religion- Ancient Egyptians were polytheists
who believed in many gods. They also believed that the
dead lived on in the afterlife.
Reach Into Your Background
Predict what
effect power
and social class
had on the
lives of ancient
Egyptians? (5
minutes)
Partner Activity
Work with a neighbor and compare your answer with theirs. What things are the same and what things are different? (3 minutes)
Key Ideas- Egyptian Dynasties
Historians divide ancient Egypt into three periods: the Old
Kingdom, the Middle Kingdom, and the New Kingdom.
During these time periods, pharaohs ruled the empire.
They passed their power down from one generation to
another through ruling dynasties.
Pharaohs waged wars to expand their empires. They built
elaborate temples and tombs that still stand throughout
Egypt today.
Egyptian Society
Egypt’s first civilizations
were small villages.
These villages were
scattered along the Nile
River.
During those early days,
Egypt was not united.
Egyptian Society
Over time, the people
of Egypt formed two
kingdoms.
Egypt was divided into
Upper Egypt and Lower
Egypt. Around 3100
BCE, the two kingdoms
became one.
Pharaohs Unify Egypt
It is believed that the
king of Upper Egypt led
his forces into Lower
Egypt.
This king was Menes. He
seized control of Lower
Egypt.
Menes succeeded in
bringing together all the
people living along the
Nile into one nation.
Pharaohs Unify Egypt
Menes became Egypt’s
first pharaoh, or ruler.
Egyptians believed
that Menes, and the
pharaohs who followed
him, were not just
kings. They were gods
on Earth.
Key Term
Menes-
Menes was the
first king, or
pharaoh, of
Egypt. He is
credited with
unifying Lower
and Upper
Egypt under
one rule.
Key Term
Pharaoh- A
ruler of
ancient
Egypt.
Pharaohs Unify Egypt
Pharaohs in ancient
Egypt held an
incredible amount of
power and influence
over their subjects.
Their subjects
considered them
living embodiments
of the god Horus.
Key Term
Horus-
The God of
the sky and
of the
pharaohs.
Pharaohs Unify Egypt
The pharaoh’s power
influenced every level of the
Egyptian social structure.
Construction and adornment
of their tombs and temples
became large public-works
projects that required
countless hours of labor and
enormous quantities of
resources.
Egypt’s Kingdoms
Historians today
divide up Egypt’s
ancient times to keep
track of the changes.
They use Egypt’s
many dynasties as a
simple way to divide
up its long history.
Key Term
Dynasty- A
series of rulers
in a particular
kingdom or
empire, and
each ruler in
the series is
said to be a
member of the
same family.
Egypt’s Kingdoms
Historians group
Egypt's history into
three main time
periods:
▪ The Old Kingdom
▪ The Middle
Kingdom
▪ The New Kingdom
Egypt’s Kingdoms
The time before the Old
Kingdom is known as
the Early Dynastic
Period.
During this time,
Egypt’s culture was
beginning to form.
The Egyptians had not
yet built large cities.
Egypt’s Kingdoms
Between each major
era were Intermediate
Periods.
These periods were
times of change and
conflict.
No one central power
ruled over all of Egypt.
King Khufu – Pyramid Builder
The pharaohs ruled Egypt
for 3,000 years.
Egypt’s most recognizable
ancient site was built by
one of its earlier
pharaohs.
The Great Pyramid at Giza
was built by King Khufu.
King Khufu – Pyramid Builder
To build the pyramids
ancient Egyptians had
to use their advanced
knowledge of geometry
and architecture.
The ancient Egyptians
combined this
knowledge with the use
of huge amounts of
physical labor.
Key Term
Pyramid- A
large stone
structure that
is built with a
square base
and has
triangular-
shaped sides
that meet in a
point at the
top.
Pyramids at GizaVideo- Pyramids at Giza
Key Ideas- Calling Rank
The ancient Egyptians believed that
pharaohs were gods.
A small group of government officials and
priests served the pharaohs.
The majority of Egyptians were farmers.
Enslaved people had the lowest status in
ancient Egypt.
Social ClassesVideo- Social Classes
Social Structure of Ancient Egypt
The pharaoh was
the most powerful
person in all of
Egypt.
However, every
person had a role
to play in
Egyptian society.
Social Structure of Ancient Egypt
Ancient Egyptians were
born into a social group.
They usually continued
in the same jobs as
their parents.
Scientists study the
sculptures and
paintings that were left
behind in ancient cities.
Why It Matters
Every class in the social
structure contributed to
Egyptian society.
All classes supported
the power of the
pharaoh.
The pharaoh made
decisions about war,
building projects, and
who would rule next.
Slavery in Ancient EgyptReading Handout- Slavery in Ancient Egypt
Key Ideas- Egyptian Religion
To prepare for the afterlife, pharaohs
order their subjects to build
elaborate tombs. They filled the
tombs with fine objects.
After death, a pharaoh’s body was
carefully mummified, or preserved,
by priests. Then it was placed in its
tomb.
Gods and Goddesses of Ancient Egypt
The ancient
Egyptians held
very strong
religious beliefs.
For most of their
history, they
practiced
polytheism, or the
worship of many
gods.
Gods and Goddesses of Ancient Egypt
Anubis: God of the dead. Guided dead souls to the
underworld
Isis: Goddess of fertility and motherhood. Wife of
Osiris and mother of Horus
Osiris: God of the underworld and resurrection
Horus: God of the sky and of the pharaohs
Seth: God of the desert and violence. Brother of
Osiris
Life After Death
Ancient Egyptians
believed in the
presence of their souls.
Their souls were the
part of them that
would continue to live
in the underworld after
their bodies had died.
Life After Death
Most Egyptians wanted to be
buried near their relatives
and friends.
They also were buried with
prized belongings, like
jewelry.
They wanted to have these
items with them in the
afterlife.
Life After Death
Statues, jewelry, and
paintings all went into
the tomb.
Paintings and carvings
on the wall celebrated a
pharaoh’s life.
Once a pharaoh died,
skilled priests began to
preserve the body.
Life After Death
Egyptians from all social
classes were mummified to
prepare for the afterlife.
However, the process was
very expensive. The richest
and most powerful could
afford the most elaborate
burials, while poorer, less
powerful Egyptians had
simple burials.
The AfterlifeVideo- The Afterlife
Why It Matters
The ancient Egyptians’ focus on the afterlife is one
reason that their culture has been so well preserved.
Builders made secure buildings to house the
pharaohs’ bodies after death. Artists and scribes
created works to record the past of the pharaohs.
Tomb art, including hieroglyphics, gives historians
clues about what happened in ancient Egypt.
Key Term
Hieroglyphi
cs- Symbols
or pictures
that stand
for objects,
ideas, or
sounds.
Independent Activity
What has been the
“muddiest” point so
far in this lesson? That
is, what topic remains
the least clear to you?
(4 minutes)
Partner Activity
Work with a neighbor and compare your muddiest point with theirs. Compare what things are the same and what things are different? (3 minutes)