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PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTIBACTERIAL ANALYSIS OF AQUEOUS ANDALCOHOLIC EXTRACTS OF VERNONIA AMYGDALINA (DEL.) LEAF*Tsaku Alumbugu Paul, Ibrahim Taibat, Ekeleme Ike Kenneth, Nkenne Istifanus Haruna, Oti VictorBaba and Abimiku Rejoice Helma
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11567 ]
DETECTIONS OF SOME RESPIRATORY VIRUSES BY MOLECULAR TECHNIQUESAMONG TWO SUDANESE TARGETS INDIVIDUALSIbrahim H. S.*, Kafi S. K., Musa H. A., Karsany M. S. and Abdel Hamid M. M.
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11543 ]
POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS INTAKE AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH BREASTCANCER AMONG PATIENTS ATTENDING THE RADIATION AND ISOTOPE CENTERIN KHARTOUM STATEHafsa A. Elsafi* and Hassan A/Aziz Musa
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11199 ]
ASSESSMENT OF CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE PATIENTS' AWARENESS ABOUTDISEASE AND HEMODIALYSIS COMPLICATIONS IN ALHASA REGION OF SAUDIARABIADr. Amal Khaleel Abu Alhommos* and Fahad Sami Al-Fahaid
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11644 ]
EVALUATION OF RISK FACTORS IN BREAST CANCER AMONG IRAQI FEMALEPATIENTSBushra Hasan Hashim*, Khulood Kareem Abed, Lina Ziyad Tareq, Arwa Ra’id Mishaal and HaneenSedqi Ismael
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11646 ]
SYNTHESIS OF N-4-METHOXYBENZOYL-N'-PHENYLUREA COMPOUND ANDACTIVITY TEST OF ANTICANCER AGAINST HeLa CELL LINEBambang Tri Purwanto*
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11482 ]
DOCKING, SYNTHESIS AND CYTOTOXIC TEST ON HUMAN BREAST CANCERCELL LINE T47D OF N- (PHENYLCARBAMOTHIOYL)-BENZAMIDEDini Kesuma*, Siswandono, Bambang Tri Purwanto and Marcellino Rudyanto
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11474 ]
ASSESSMENT OF CINNAMON EFFECT TO REDUCE PRIMARY DYSMENORRHEAAND IMPROVE QUALITY OF LIFE AMONG FEMALES IN EASTERN REGION OFSAUDI ARABIA: A CROSS SECTIONAL SURVEYDr. Amal Khaleel Abu Alhommos* and Muneerah Al-Hadi
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11682 ]
ASSESSMENT OF SAUDI WOMEN AWARENESS ABOUT PAIN RELIEF AGENTS INLABOR IN AL-HASA CITY OF SAUDI ARABIADr. Amal Khaleel Abu Alhommos* and Malak AlDossary
2018- VOLUME 7, APRIL ISSUE 7Research Article
World Journal of Pharmaceutical
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ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11681 ]
ANALYSIS OF PRESCRIPTION PATTERN OF ANTIBIOTICS USED FOR THEMANAGEMENT OF URINARY TRACT INFECTION IN A KIDNEY CENTERDr. Maqsood Ahmed Khan*, Syed Imran Ali, Sadia S. Kashif, Dr. Rabia Bushra, Aqsa Fatima Wali,Aiman Ashraf, Summaiya Mukhtar, Maryam Nasar, Aruba Hassan and Saba Shahid
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11418 ]
PROTECTIVE ROLE OF MORINGA OLEIFERA LEAF EXTRACT AS A NATURALANTIOXIDANT AGAINST TOXIC EFFECT OF PARACETAMOL ON MALE MICESamia A. El-Fiky, Nagwa A. Hassan, Hassab El-Nabi S. E., Hasnaa A. Radwan* and Elsayad R. I.
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11581 ]
LOCAL SURVEY FOR AWARENESS OF HYPERACIDITY AND/OR OTHERASSOCIATED PROBLEMSDr. Geeta D. Parulkar*, Dr. Manjushri Kharat, Dr. Abhishek Taksale, Dr. Ajitkumar Sahu, Dr. VaishaliKokani, Dr. Ganesh Patare and Dr. Minal Bhusewar
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11439 ]
KNOWLEDGE OF ANTENATAL CARE IN WOMEN OF REPRODUCTIVE AGERESIDING IN SUB-URBAN AREAS OF LAHOREMusa Raza*, M Farooq Amjad, Samiyah Tasleem, Alweena Awan, Maarij Shehzad and AyeshaHumayun
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11747 ]
CHARACTERIZATION OF A NOVEL TAYLOR-COUETTE ULTRAVIOLET REACTORFOR NON-THERMAL PASTEURIZATION OF MILKRawa Abdul Redha Aziz* and Keith Warriner
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11762 ]
TO EVALUATE GANDHRVAHASTYADI CHURNA IN MOOTRASHMARI*Vd. Santosh Yashwant Solaskara nd Dr. Umesh Avinash Vaidya
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-10604 ]
TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENTS OF SOME SEAWEED COLLECTED FROM RAIGADCOASTS OF KONKAN (MS)J. S. Ambhore and *Whankatte V. R.
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11107 ]
CHOLINE CHLORIDE-UREA: AN EFFICIENT, GREEN MEDIA FOR PARTIALHYDROLYSIS OF DI- AND TRI-PROTECTED GANCICLOVIR AND SELECTIVE O-ACYLATION IN THE SYNTHESIS OF ANTIVIRAL DRUG VALGANCICLOVIRAnita Goswami-Giri* and Pranaya P. Dhawle
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11305 ]
ASSESSMENT OF QUALITY OF LIFE IN ADULT DIABETIC PATIENTS:PHARMACOLOGICAL THERAPY AND NON PHARMACOLOGICAL THERAPYG. Prasanth*, R. Yogananda and N. J. Suba Sree
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11408 ]
SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OFTHIADIAZOLE DERIVATIVES*Dr. Rashmi Kumari, Dr. Vachaspati Dubey, Dr. S. K. Mishra and Anshu Raj
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11417 ]
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF FLOATING PULSATILE TABLET IN TABLETDRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM FOR HYPERTENSIONMansi Shah* and Dipti Patel
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11430 ]
SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERISATION AND BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF A NEWSERIES OF BENZOFURANS
1/4/2019 WJPR | ARCHIVE VIEW
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N. Vijaya Lakshmi*, V. Sandhya Reddy, S. K. Johny Basha, S. K. Shakeela Begum and D. PavanaDeepthi
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11488 ]
SCREENING OF PHYTOCHEMICALS, ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIOXIDANTACTIVITIES OF ELEPHANTOPUS SCABER LEAVESAbarna N., Stephy Verghese and Jasmine R.*
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11507 ]
MICROPROPAGATION OF AN ENDANGERED TERRESTRIAL ORCHID GEODORUMDENSIFLORUM (LAM.) SCHLTR. OF KANYAKUMARI DISTRICT, INDIAG.V. Gegi, Dr. B. Christudhas Williams & Dr. R. Mary Suja
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11520 ]
SCREENING OF RHIZOMICROFLORA ISOLATED FROM THE RHIZOSPHERE OFAEGLE MARMELOS FOR MULTIPLE PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING ANDANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIESDamle N. R.* and S. W. Kulkarni
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11528 ]
SCREENING OF FUNGAL PATHOGENS FOR BIOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT OFNOXIOUS WEED EICHHORNIA CRASSIPESR. P. Mishra and Sohni Jain*
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11537 ]
EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF EXTRACTS OF PIPER BETELLEAVES AGAINST SOME COMMON PATHOGENSV. P. Sutar*
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11540 ]
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NICKEL OXIDE BY USING UV/VISSPECTROMETRY, SCANNING ELECTRON MICRSCOPY AND ITS ANTIMICROBIALACTIVITY AGAINST BACILLUS SPP., PSEUDOMONAS SPP. ESCHERICHIA COLIJ. C. Pradeep Kumar* and Dr. F. V. Dandawate
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11541 ]
NON INVASIVE ASSESSMENT OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS AMONG SCHOOLCHILDREN OF A SEMI-URBAN AREA IN TAMILNADUSuja Pandian R.*
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11549 ]
CROSS MATCHING TRIBAL ETHNO MEDICINAL PRACTICES IN DIARRHEA &DYSENTERY BY BHIL- MINA TRIBE OF BANSWARA, RAJASTHAN WITHPUBLISHED PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCHDr. P. K. Dam* and Pankaj Kumar
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11550 ]
EFFECT OF BIOCHAR AMENDMENT AND AGEING ON SORPTION ANDDISSIPATION OF TETRACYCLINE’S IN SOILS*Dr. O. P. Bansal
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11553 ]
KNOWLEDGE AND AWARENESS ABOUT PHARMACOVIGILANCE AMONG 2NDYEAR MBBS STUDENTS AT GOVERNMENT MEDICAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITALDr. Rajat Mishra*, Syed Meraj Fatmi and Dr. Sunil Kumar Singh
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11557 ]
EFFICACY OF JALANETI AND PRANAYAMA IN MANAGEMENT OF VATAJAPRATISHYAYA (ALLERGIC RHINITIS)Dr. Manish Arora*, Dr. Patwardhan Ravindra, Dr. Shrikant G. Ingole and Dr. Rahul Gujarati
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11559 ]
CLINICAL EVALUATION OF BILVADI CHURAN IN THE MANAGEMENT OFGRAHANI ROG W.S.R. TO IBS (IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME)Dr. Avneet Kaur* and Dr. Manu Sharma
1/4/2019 WJPR | ARCHIVE VIEW
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ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11564 ]
IN VIVO STUDIES & SEM OF CONTROLLED POROSITY OSMOTIC PUMP (CPOP)TABLET OF ATENOLOLAyesha Sultana* and D. Varun
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11566 ]
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF AN UVSPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHODFOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF TENELIGLIPTIN AND METFORMINLeena Ajay Sawaikar*
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11569 ]
DEVELOPMENT OF POLYHERBAL PREPARATION FOR HAIR GROWTHPRMOTING ACTIVITYRoshni Sahu*, Narendra Vyas, Shivendra S. Raghuwanshi, Sapna Malviya and Anil Khariya
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11570 ]
STUDY AND DESIGN OF BENZAMIDE AND PYRIDINECARBOXAMIDEDERIVATIVES AS A GLUCOKINASE ACTIVATORDhanraj Patidar*, Sailesh Narayan, Rajeev Malviya and Phool Singh Yaduwanshi
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11574 ]
PURIFICATION OF BETA GALACTOSIDASE ENZYME FROM DAIRY EFFLUENTBACILLUS SPECIESV. Pavithra and *Dr. J. Thirumagal
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11577 ]
NEW AND EFFICIENT GREEN CATALYST ONE-POT SYNTHESIS OFBENZIMIDAZOLE AND DERIVATIVESGurumeet C. Wadhawa*, Vitthal S. Shivankar, Yashwant A. Gaikwad, Nilam S. Dhumale,Charansingh H. Gill and Laxman V. Gavali
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11579 ]
IN VITRO ANTICANCER ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACT OF Acampepraemorsa (Roxb.)G. Soumiya*, Dr. B. Christudhas Williams and Dr. R. Mary Suja
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11585 ]
ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN OF EXTENDED SPECTRUM Β-LACTAMASE PRODUCING ESCHERICHIA COLIParveen W.* and Subhashini A.
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11604 ]
PHYTOCHEMICALS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF APPLE BER, A HYBRIDVARIETY OF ZIZIPHUS MAURITIANARajni Nigam*
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11622 ]
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF GELRITE BASED PHASE CHANGEOPHTHALMIC SOLUTION OF NEPAFENAC- As QBD APPROACHDeepak G. Wagh* and Dr. Sadhana R. Shahi
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11627 ]
SCREENING FOR CONGENITAL HYPOTHYROIDISM IN GREATER NOIDA BYMEASUREMENT OF UMBILICAL CORD THYROXINE (FREE) AND THYROIDSTIMULATING HORMONE: A MULTICENTRIC HOSPITAL BASED STUDYChandra Prakash Sharma, Widhi Dubey and Dr. Suryakant Nagtilak*
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11632 ]
IN-VITRO ANTIHELMINTHIC ACTIVITY, PHOTO CHEMICAL SCREENING ANDTLC STUDIES OF METHANOL EXTRACTION ON CELOSIA CRISTATA FLOWERUSING IN - STATE FESTIVAL OF TELANGANA (BATHUKAMMA)P. Sravan Kumar*
1/4/2019 WJPR | ARCHIVE VIEW
http://www.wjpr.net/dashboard/archive_show/2018/VOLUME%207,%20APRIL%20ISSUE%207 5/17
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11633 ]
ANTIBACTERIAL SCREENING OF AMORPHOPHALLUS CAMPANULATUS ROXB.AGAINST SELECTED HUMAN PATHOGENIC BACTERIADr. T. Francis Xavier, G. Dhanasekaran* and D. Sathish Kumar
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11636 ]
ISOLATION AND MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF HALOPHILIC ARCHAEA (Part–I) FROM SALINE SOILArpita R. Dave* and Dr. Ajit V. Pandya
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11637 ]
GREEN SYNTHESIS OF GOLD NANOPARTICLES USING CASSIA ALATA LEAFEXTRACT AND EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIESLe Thi Thanh, Thejesh Kumar M. P. and Rajkumar H. Garampalli*
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11640 ]
N-LINKED GLYCOSYLATION AND CHARGE VARIANT ANALYSIS OF BIOSIMILARANTI HER2 ANTIBODY IN TREATMENT OF BREAST CANCERPratik R. Gajjar*, Dasharath M. Patel, Amar K. Shrivastava, Umesh S. Shaligram, Noelle Sunstrom
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11645 ]
GC-MS AND ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL OF METHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACT OFPUTRANJIVA ROXBURGHII WALL. (PUTRANJIVACEAE)Emasushan M.* and John Britto S.
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11651 ]
ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF XYLANASE PRODUCINGMICROORGANISMS FROM SOILRajakumar R.* and Rameshwara Reddy Naru
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11655 ]
DESIGN AND PHARMACOLOGICAL STUDIES OF NEW COUMARIN DERIVEDCHALCONE SYNTHESIZED COMPOUNDSSai Chandra J.*
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11657 ]
A NOVEL VALIDATED STABILITY INDICATING RP-HPLC METHOD FORESTIMATIONOF NALOXEGOLY. Sirisha* and Anilkumar Y.
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11661 ]
STUDY OF THYROID FUNCTIONS IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS ANDRELATIONSHIP WITH OBESITY IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, BANKURA,WEST BENGALDr. Sumanta Banerjee*, Dr. Santa Saha (Roy), Dr. Pinaki Sarkar, Dr. Biswanath Sharma Sarkar andDr. Dibakar Haldar
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11666 ]
A COMPARISON OF VESTIBULAR REHABILITATION APPROACHES ON BALANCEIN HEARING IMPAIRED CHILDREN WITH VESTIBULAR DYSFUNCTIONShilpa Khandare, Nigel Gonsalves*, Dr. Tushar Palekar PhD., Vidhi Shah and Trupti Siddapur
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11669 ]
VALIDATION OF STABILITY INDICATING HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUIDCHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF ASSAY OFCARBAMAZEPINE DRUG IN THE PHARMACEUTICALS TABLET FORMULATIONSUSING PHENYTOIN AS AN INTERNAL STANDARDShaikh Javed Shaikh Afzal*, Suresh C. Ameta and Pathan Mohd Arif Ali Khan
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11670 ]
STUDY OF POLYPHARMACY IN GERIATRIC PATIENTS IN A TERTIARY CAREHOSPITAL: A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDYI. Neelam*, A. Kavya, P. Priyanka, P. Vinod and P. Jeevan
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11674 ]
1/4/2019 WJPR | ARCHIVE VIEW
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CHARACTERIZATION OF SALMONELLA SPP– PRODUCING EXTENDED-SPECTRUM Β-LACTAMASE (ESBL) ISOLATED FROM CHICKENSLAUGHTERHOUSES PROCESSING LINE IN NAMAKKAL*R. Sowmiyadevi, M. Anitha, D. Jegadeeshkumar and B. Madhumathi
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11677 ]
AN ASSESSMENT OF GROUND WATER QUALITY IN RURAL AREA OF ARAVALLIDISTRICT IN WINTER SEASON BY PHYSICOCHEMICAL PARAMETERSPreksha Patel, Shiv Singh Dulawat* and Mangal Shree Dulawat
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11680 ]
SYNTHESIS AND ANTIMICROBIAL EVALUATION OF SOME SUBSTITUTED-BENZOYL HYDRAZINO DERIVATIVES OF PYRIMIDINEDarshitkumar M. Dave* and Dr. A. H. Bapodra
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11689 ]
EFFICACY OF KANTAKARI MARICHA LEHA ON KAPHAJA KASA IN CHILDRENOFAGE GROUP 1 TO 5 YEARSDr. Shital Sawant*, Dr. J. A. Nandgaonkar and Dr. Rahul H. Gujarathi
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11693 ]
CHEMOMETRICS ASSISTED SIMULTANEOUS SPECTROPHOTOMETRICDETERMINATION OF ALOGLIPTIN AND METFORMIN IN PHARMACEUTICALDOSAGE FORMPremakumari K. B.*, Sandhyavali M. S., Murugan V. and Shanaz Banu
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11697 ]
ASSESSMENT OF BIOMOLECULES FROM LEAVES EXTRACT OF ETHNIC PLANTSB. D. Nagle, Anil Kumar*, K Khasdeo, S. R. Gayakwad, A. D. Lazrus
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11698 ]
EXPLORATION OF ACTINOBACTERIA FROM MANGROVE ECOSYSTEM OFKRISHNA DISTRICT, ANDHRA PRADESHKrishna Naragani*
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11700 ]
METABOLIC SYNDROME AND RISK OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN RURALAND URBAN PATIENTS IN NORTH INDIAManoj Kumar Sharma, Sonali Pandey and Suryakant Nagtilak*
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11707 ]
METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF RP-HPLC FOR SIMULTANEOUSESTIMATION OF ETODOLAC & THIOCOLCHICOSIDEN. Sai Prudhvi*, M. Prasadarao and G. Anil Kumar
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11711 ]
POTENTIAL USE OF WILD GANODERMA SP BASED PETROLATUM PASTEAGAINST SOME MIXED DERMATOLOGICAL CONDITIONS IN GOATS INMAIDUGURI, NIGERIA*Shamaki B. U., Sandabe U. K., Abdulrahman F.I., Sa’idu S. N. A., Tekdek L. B. and Ya’uba A. M.
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11716 ]
SYNTHESIS OF GOLD NANOPARTICLES FROM NATURAL HONEY AND ITSAPPLICATION IN ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITYDr. R. Manju* and D. Savi
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11721 ]
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF NANOPARTICLES OF EPROSARTANMESYLATENihar Ranjan Kar* and Manisa Patel
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11724 ]
PREVALENCE OF COLOR BLINDNESS AMONG THE STUDENTS OF RIYADHCOLLEGES OF DENTISTRY AND PHARMACYEbtesam Al Fayez, Ebtehal Al Shammari, Ghada Al Haiid and Dr. Shahzeb H. Ansari*
1/4/2019 WJPR | ARCHIVE VIEW
http://www.wjpr.net/dashboard/archive_show/2018/VOLUME%207,%20APRIL%20ISSUE%207 7/17
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11738 ]
ASSESSMENT OF THE KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, AND PRACRTICE OF SUDANESEMOTHERS TOWARD CHILDHOOD VACCINATION, AT KHARTOUM NORTH HEATHCENTERS: SUDANTahany Mohamed Osman Mohamed and *Kamal Addin Mohammad Ahmad Idris
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11739 ]
ASSESSMENT OF THE KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE OF SUDANESEADOLESCENT SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS ABOUT THE APPROPRIATE ANDSAFE HANDLING OF MEDICINESSahar Mohamed Osman Mohamed and Kamal Addin Mohammad Ahmad Idris*
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11740 ]
ASSESSMENT OF IN-PATIENTS’ SATISFACTION WITH THE QUALITY OF HEALTHCARE SERVICES PROVIDED IN SOBA UNIVERISTY TEACHING HOSPITAL,KHARTOUM, SUDANFatima Ismail Hussein Badri and *Kamal Addin Mohammad Ahmad Idris
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11741 ]
EVALUATION OF IN VITRO CYTOTOXICITY OF DIMETHOATE ON HUMANPERIPHERAL BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES USING MTT ASSAYDr. Daya Shankar Gautam*, Meenal Raikwar, Roshni Soni and Sheeba Begum
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11773 ]
SCREENING OF PRE-HYPERTENSION RISK FACTORS AMONG TEACHINGPROFESSIONALSNigel Gonsalves*, Amita Aggarwal, Dr. Tushar J. Palekar PhD. and Chetna Jadhav
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11775 ]
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF STABILITY INDICATING RP-HPLC METHODFOR ESTIMATION OF ROSUVASTATIN AND EZETIMIBE IN CAPSULE DOSAGEFORMPatel Aesha A.* and Dr. Paresh Patel
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11776 ]
HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF GRACILARIACORTICATA J.AG. IN HARE ISLAND, THOOTHUKUDI, TAMIL NADU, INDIA*John Peter Paul J. and Raja P.
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11780 ]
MONONUCLEAR LINEAR-SHAPED ASSEMBLIES OF N,N’-DIETHYLBENZIMIDAZOLYDINE BASED IONIC LIQUID COORDINATED TO AG(I)-AND CU(I)-NHC AND THEIR ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT APPLICATIONSA. G. Bharathi Dileepan, R. Mathumidha, D. Maruthamuthu, R. Ranjith, S. Priscilla Prabavathi andShameela Rajam*
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11792 ]
RESIDUE DEPLETION OF TILMICOSIN IN CHICKEN TISSUESAbdelrahman Mostafa*, Nuha M. A. Agbna, Samia A. Wahab and Sania Shaddad
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11046 ]
ETHANOBOTANICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF COCCINIA INDICA AGAINSTURINARY TRACT INFECTIONDeepa M. and Sharly Elgal N*.
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11196 ]
EVALUATION OF ANXIOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF SUBSTITUTED 1, 2, 4-TRIAZOLEBEARING IMINO, FIVE MEMBERED HETEROCYCLIC MOIETYD. Kumudha*, T. Kalavathi and B. A. Viswanath
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11440 ]
1/4/2019 WJPR | ARCHIVE VIEW
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AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY ON THE ASSOCIATION OF LOW BACK PAIN ANDMID-LINE FISSURE IN TONGUER. Saranya*, G. J. Christian, S. Elansekaran and M. Ramamoorthy
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11477 ]
EVALUATION OF IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF ETHANOLIC ANDAQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF ACHYRANTHES ASPERA L.Thafshila Aafrin A. M. and Anuradha R.*
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11547 ]
GREENER APPROACH OF SYNTHESIS OF AZO DERIVATIVES AND BIS- PYRAZOLEDERIVATIVES ALONG WITH ANTIMICROBIAL SCREENINGPrashant P. Chaudhari* and Shankarsing S. Rajput
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11613 ]
COMPARATIVE PHYTOCHEMICAL AND SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC ANTIOXIDANTEVALUATION OF THE ROOT BARK, STEM BARK, LEAF AND SEED OF COLANITIDA (STERCULACEAE)Ukwueze Stanley Ejike* and Ugwu Nneka Njideka
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11673 ]
ANTIPYRETIC EFFECT OF ORAL VERSUS RECTAL ACETAMINOPHEN INCHILDREN - A RANDOMIZED COMPARATIV STUDYNobo Krishna Ghosh, Farhana Tanzin, Forhad Manjur, Farhana Rizwan, Morsheda Khanam and S.M. Shatil Shahriar
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11685 ]
ESTABLISHMENT OF RICE HUSK BY-PRODUCT AS PHARMACEUTICALEXCIPIENTSAnil Kumar*, Durga Prasad Patel*, Gajendra Kumar Patel, Deepika Singh, Anand Kumar Prasad and Dr. Khomendra Sarva
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11722 ]
IN-VITRO CONSERVATION OF MOMORDICA CYMBALARIA HOOK. F.S. V. Madhale* and N. S. Chavan
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11723 ]
HALALI RESERVOIR RESTUDY THE SEASONAL VARIATIONS IN PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF WATERDr. Reena Yadav* and Dr. Pramod Patil
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11729 ]
A STUDY ON ANTI-PUTREFACTION PROPERTY OF DODONAE ANGUSTIFOLIAJ. K. Alphonsa Juliet Helina* and A. Peter Pascal Regis
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11761 ]
OXIDATIVE HYDROXYLATION OF OMEPRAZOLE IN HEALTHY SUBJECTS OFNIGER DELTA REGION BY THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHYBenjamin U. Ebeshi*, Vaikosen N. Edebi and Jonathan O. Onajemo
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11764 ]
MATERNAL RISK FACTORS- AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY ON DEMOGRAPHICVARIABLES FOR NEONATAL CONJUCTIVITISDr. Rahul Ghoti* and Dr. Rahul H. Gujarathi
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11768 ]
PREPARATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND CELL UPTAKE STUDIES OF MULTI-DRUG POLYMERIC NANOPARTICLES LOADED PATCHES FOR MANAGEMENT OFAIDS AND TUBERCULOSIS IN PAEDIATRIC POPULATIONMathur M., Raichur V. and V. Kusumdevi*
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11769 ]
PHYTOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF SEED AND FRUIT PULP EXTRACTS OFPASSIFLORA FOETIDA L.
1/4/2019 WJPR | ARCHIVE VIEW
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P. S. Chinnasamy, S. Parimala and M. Kandhasamy*ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11770 ]
QUENCHING METHOD - A NOVEL TECHNIQUE IN THE FORMULATION ANDEVALUATION OF SOLID LIPID NANOPARTICLES TAKING QUETIAPIN FUMARATEAS A MODEL DRUGP. Tripura Sundari* and Hari Anushree
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11787 ]
QUALITY PARAMETERS FOR STANDARDIZATION OF FICUS RELIGIOSA LINN.STEM BARK: AN UPDATEShiva and Sumitra Singh*
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11790 ]
USE OF DRAGENDORFFS REAGENT FOR THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHICDETECTION OF TRIAZINE CLASS HERBICIDE ATRAZINEUmakant D. Pawar*, Chandrakant D. Pawar, Ulka K. Kulkarni, Devanand B. Shinde and Rajendra K.Pardeshi*
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11791 ]
PREVALENCE OF HBeAg IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS B PATIENTS IN KHARTOUM,SUDANShamsoun Kafi, Abosufyan Salama* and Sarra Alfadil
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11793 ]
MOLECULAR STUDY OF SLC2A9 GENE IN DIABETIC ASTHENOZOOSPERMICIRAQI PATIENTSSara Harith Abdul-Razaaq* and Prof. Dr. Waleed Hameed Yousif
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11796 ]
SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF LEVOSULPIRIDE AND ILAPRAZOLE INCAPSULE DOSAGE FORM BY SIMULTANEOUS EQUATIONSPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD AND QABSORBANCE RATIO METHOD*Devanshi H. Rami and Dr. Sejal K. Patel
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11799 ]
TO STUDY THE PREVALENCE OF STRESS IN SCHOOL GOING CHILDREN AGED 10-16 YEARS OLDDr. Shilpa Khandare*, Sanjana Chakrabarty, Dr. Preeti Gazbare, Dr. Mayura Deshmukh, Dr.Tanpreet Kaur Bagga and Dr. Tushar Palekar
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11810 ]
USES OF LEAVES IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE IN AURANGABAD DISTRICT(MAHARASHTRA) INDIAI. H. Zahid and *Rafiuddin Naser
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11817 ]
OPTIMIZATION STUDIES ON ALPHA AMYLASE PRODUCTION BY BACILLUSLICHENIFORMIS DS3 AND BACILLUS SUBTILIS DS7 USING SUBMERGEDFERMENTATIOND. Silpa, P. Brahmaji Rao* and G. Kranthi Kumar
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11818 ]
SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC AND RP-HPLC METHOD DEVELOPMENT ANDVALIDATION OF LEVOFLOXACINKauser Fatema*, Sadhana Shahi, Tauqeer Shaikh and Nityanand Zadbuke
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11821 ]
ACIDIC CHITINASE PRODUCTION BY NEISSERIA SPECIESR. S. Mane*, G. S. Patil and B. R. Choradiya
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11827 ]
1/4/2019 WJPR | ARCHIVE VIEW
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DESTAINING POTENTIAL OF BACTERIAL LIPASE ENZYME ISOLATED FROMPROVIDENCIA RETTGERI INHABITING THE FRESH WATER FISH MYSTUSBLEEKERIN. Deepa, R. Usha, A. Anbarasu, K. Anuanandhi, P. Karnan and K. Elumalai*
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11855 ]
OPTIMIZATION AND EVALUATION OF TELMISARTAN FAST DISSOLVINGTABLETS EMPLOYING STARCH GLUTARATE -A NEW SUPERDISINTEGRANT*A. Bharathi and D. Chandra Sekhar Naik
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11868 ]
DEVELOPMENT OF WHEY BASED PROBIOTIC MANGO BEVERAGELakshmikanth A. V.*, Dr. D. B. Puranik and Soumya Shree T. C.
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11884 ]
PLANT PATHOLOGY: A NEW HORIZONDr. Teena Agrawal*
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11710 ]
ANTICANCER ACTIVITY AND ANTI DIABETIC ACTIVITY OF STREPTOMYCESSPECIES JKCM1*M. Guravaiah
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-12640 ]
SPECIES OF ALTERNARIA WERE REPORTED FIRST TIME FROM HATAIKHEDADAM OF BHOPAL (M.P.)Kusum Lata*, Dr. Aparna Alia, Dr. Pramod Patil, Dr. Ranjana Singh
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-12663 ]
PHYTO ANALYSIS AND COMPARATIVE ESTIMATION OF TFC RAUVOLFIASERPENTINA QUALITY PARAMETERS IN MARKETED AND FOREST SAMPLES.Rahnuma Khan*, Dr. Manish Mishra and Dr. Mukta Shrivastav
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-12664 ]
PHYTO ANALYSIS AND COMPARATIVE ESTIMATION OF TPC IN EMBLICAOFFICINALIS QUALITY PARAMETERS IN MARKETED AND FOREST SAMPLES.Rahnuma Khan*, Dr. Manish Mishra and Dr. Mukta Shrivastav
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-12665 ]
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF WATER OFFIVE LAKES OF BHOPAL, INDIAPranjali Borkar* and Manju Tembhre
ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-12936 ]
MULTI-CHANNEL MARKETING IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY
*Alpha JangaABSTRACT Article View (15) Article Download (1) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11470 ]
P62 CROSSTALK IN CANCER THROUGH SELECTIVE AUTOPHAGY
Md. Ariful Islam and Pinghu Zhang*ABSTRACT Article View (10) Article Download (4) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11531 ]
THE EARLY INFANTILE EPILEPTIC ENCEPHALOPATHY ASSOCIATED WITH MUTATION INGABRB3 GENE
T.V. Kozhanova*, S.S. Zhilina, T.I. Mescheryakova, E.G. Lukyanova, E.S. Bolshakova, K.V.Osipova,S.O. Ayvazyan and A.G. Prityko
ABSTRACT Article View (26) Article Download (9) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11736 ]
ALGAE IN THE BIOTIC ASSOCIATIONS
*Dr. Teena Agarawal
Review_Article
1/4/2019 WJPR | ARCHIVE VIEW
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ABSTRACT Article View (21) Article Download (6) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11177 ]
DISCOMYCETES OF THE ASCOMYCETES GROUP
*Dr. Teena AgarwalABSTRACT Article View (17) Article Download (5) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11183 ]
ROLE AND OVERVIEW OF DRUG REGULATORY AFFAIRS IN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY WITHIMPLEMENTATION OF CTD AND ECTD
Sonali P. Mahaparale* and Bhakti R. DesaiABSTRACT Article View (17) Article Download (17) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11267 ]
B. RATHINA NAICKER & SONS – ONE OF THE PIONEERS IN SIDDHA LITERATURE PUBLICATION
R. Manickavasagam*, C. Senthamil Rajam and B. PurosothamanABSTRACT Article View (27) Article Download (97) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11384 ]
A REVIEW ON BECKWITH WIEDEMANN SYNDROME
Prajapati Anil*, Urvashi Sharma, Muley Preeti, Malviya Sapna and Kharia AnilABSTRACT Article View (24) Article Download (5) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11421 ]
RECENT ADVANCE IN ANTI-CANCER ACTIVITY OF INDOLE DERIVATIVES
C. Buvana*, R. Suresh, Y. Haribabu and P. K. MannaABSTRACT Article View (23) Article Download (7) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11436 ]
TRANSDERMAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM: A REVIEW
Anchal Sharma*, Rajeev Garg, L. Raju and Sachin GoyalABSTRACT Article View (21) Article Download (8) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11449 ]
DRUG DELIVERY THROUGH NAILS
Patil P. B.*, Gadkari P. N. and Saudagar R. B.ABSTRACT Article View (24) Article Download (6) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11465 ]
A REVIEW ON CURRENT SCIENARIO OF JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS
Rakshith U. R.*, Balaji M. N. and M. RameshABSTRACT Article View (24) Article Download (4) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11468 ]
ROLE OF ICTS IN PROMOTING AND PRESERVING THE TRADITIONAL MEDICINAL KNOWLEDGEIN INDIA
*Dr. K. S. Shanthi Sree, Dr. A. Suvarna Latha, Dr. P. Lakshmi Padmavathi, Prof. D. Bharathi* andProf. K. Nagalakshmamma
ABSTRACT Article View (31) Article Download (13) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11497 ]
DIARRHOEA IN CHILDREN AND ITS AYURVEDIC MANAGEMENT: A REVIEW
Vd. Promila Mohar Singh Thakur* and Vd. V. U. GawaiABSTRACT Article View (28) Article Download (4) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11508 ]
NANOROBOTS A FUTURE DEVICE FOR DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT
Sarath Kumar S.*, Sneha Sabu, Anjana S., Alfiya Ali, Dr. Beena P. Nasim and Dr. Elessy AbrahamABSTRACT Article View (24) Article Download (7) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11521 ]
A REVIEW ON MICROEMULSION BASED GEL: AN INNOVATIVE APPROACH FOR TOPICALDELIVERY OF HYDROPHOBIC DRUG
Heta K. Patel* and Dr. Dhiren P. ShahABSTRACT Article View (24) Article Download (6) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11532 ]
MOUTH DISSOLVING STRIPS: A NOVEL APPROACH FOR DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM
1/4/2019 WJPR | ARCHIVE VIEW
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AbdulKhalique A. Shaikh*, Akshay H. Bhoye, Dr. Dhiren P. Shah and Tejas J. Patel
ABSTRACT Article View (24) Article Download (12) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11533 ]
TRANSDERMAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM: A REVIEW
Akshay H. Bhoye*, AbdulKhalique A. Shaikh, Dr. Dhiren P. Shah and Tejas J. PatelABSTRACT Article View (11) Article Download (7) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11535 ]
A RECENT REVIEW ON INTRANASAL MICROEMULSION: A NOVEL DRUG CARRIER SYSTEM
Halde B. R.*, Darekar A. B. and Saudagar R. B.ABSTRACT Article View (21) Article Download (4) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11546 ]
OVER REVIEW OF NASAL IN SITU GELS
P. Jagadeesh*, P. Jyothi, M. Bhargav, T. S. Nazma, M. Neeraja, N. Pushpalatha, T. Sharath Babu, S.Shamshad and B. Yellasivamma
ABSTRACT Article View (17) Article Download (6) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11551 ]
A REVIEW ON NYCTANTHES ARBORTRISTIS
Madhuri Kumari* V. Bhagyalakshmi, V. Sravanthi, K. Nagajyothi, R. B. Desi Reddy, K. SravanthiABSTRACT Article View (37) Article Download (19) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11554 ]
SKIN AND ACNE RELATED ISSUES AMONG GROWING CHILDREN
Mangwal Ketan, Sharma Pragya and Mishra Dhruv*ABSTRACT Article View (18) Article Download (1) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11555 ]
STUDY ON REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS OF SAFETY REPORT IN US, EUROPE, JAPAN ANDINDIA
Dr. Dilip G. Maheshwari* and Ramprakash G. ParmarABSTRACT Article View (23) Article Download (6) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11558 ]
A REVIEW ON BIOFILM MEDIATED BIOREMEDIATION
Shweta Nakul* and Nisha KanwarABSTRACT Article View (19) Article Download (11) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11572 ]
LARGE SCALE PRODUCTION OF MICRO ALGAE AND EXTRACTION OF BIOOIL BY TRANSESTERIFICATION METHOD
G. Rajkumar and *Dr. J. ThirumagalABSTRACT Article View (28) Article Download (4) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11576 ]
REVIEW ON ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF BENZIMIDAZOLE CONTAINING COMPOUNDS
Gurumeet C. Wadhawa*, Vitthal S. Shivankar, Yashwant A. Gaikwad Charansingh H. Gill andLaxman V. Gavali
ABSTRACT Article View (15) Article Download (2) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11578 ]
SHADA-AGRYA: PRE-EMINENT FACTORS FOR PROTECTION OF THE HEART
Vd. Yadav Varsha Jagannath* and Dr. Madhuri A. PachghareABSTRACT Article View (18) Article Download (5) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11580 ]
PHARMACEUTICO-THERAPEUTIC SAFETY OF SULPHUR (GANDHAKA) W.S.R TO AYURVEDA
Dr. Onkar V. Hanashi*, Dr. Mahantesh B. Rudharapuri and Dr. Vinay MohanABSTRACT Article View (19) Article Download (1) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11583 ]
PHARMACEUTICAL CRIME: A REVIEW
Deepanshu Gupta*, Chandrakanta Kushwah, Ankur Joshi, Sapna Malviya and Anil KhariaABSTRACT Article View (21) Article Download (4) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11611 ]
BIOLOGICAL SYNTHESIS OF COPPER NANOPARTICLES AND THEIR ANTIMICROBIALPROPERTIES: A REVIEW
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Kavita Rathore* and Kanika SharmaABSTRACT Article View (18) Article Download (7) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11620 ]
CONCEPT AND MANAGEMENT OF SCABIES (JARB) IN UNANI SYSTEM OF MEDICINE
Abdul Nasir*, Gazala Fatma and Mohd Akhtar SiddiquiABSTRACT Article View (16) Article Download (7) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11634 ]
BIOSENSORS AND ITS APPLICATIONS
Roshni B. Nair*ABSTRACT Article View (18) Article Download (5) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11638 ]
REVIEW ON HERBAL COSMETICS
Saudagar R. B.* and Sisodiya M. H.ABSTRACT Article View (19) Article Download (11) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11648 ]
CHILDHOOD MENTAL DISORDER AND COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE: A REVIEW STUDY
Dr. Neha Udainiya* and Dr. Nitin SharmaABSTRACT Article View (21) Article Download (7) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11656 ]
EFFECT OF VIRECHANA KARMA AND ORAL AYURVEDIC TREATMENT IN THE MANAGEMENT OFPADASHOTH DUE TO VARIOSE VEINS
*Vd. Sunil A. Bhaskare and Vd. Madhuri S. JadhavABSTRACT Article View (12) Article Download (4) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11665 ]
REVIEW ON PELLETIZATION: TECHNIQUES, CHARACTERIZATION AND APPLICATIONS
Harshada Dattatraya Dalvi*, Dr. Nilesh Khutle, Priyanka Pawar and Abhijeet KunwarpuriyaABSTRACT Article View (23) Article Download (12) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11668 ]
COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF SROTAS IN AYURVEDA AND ITS IMPORTANCE IN SHARIR
Dr. Sona Rani*, Dr. Sunil Kumar Yadav and Dr. Jaivardhan SinghABSTRACT Article View (16) Article Download (4) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11671 ]
A REVIEW ARTICLE ON PATHO-CLINICAL STUDY ON DISORDERS OF MUTRAVAHA SROTAS &TYPES OF MUTRASHMARI
Dr. Ashish Arun Madavi* and Dr. R. H. AmilkanthwarABSTRACT Article View (16) Article Download (5) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11679 ]
BAYLIS-HILLMAN REACTION IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Dandamudi V. Lenin*ABSTRACT Article View (17) Article Download (4) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11688 ]
ROLE OF SADVRITT AND AACHAR RASAYANA IN PSYCHOSOMATIC DISEASES
Shekhawat Suman*, Mishra Pramod Kumar, Soni Anamika, Sharma Brahmanand, Singh BalrajABSTRACT Article View (17) Article Download (3) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11690 ]
DIFFERENT MODALITIES OF PAIN MANAGEMENT IN AYURVEDA:- A REVIEW ARTICLE
*Dr. Mangal Singh, Dr. Chandan Singh, Dr. Jyoti Dhakar, Dr. Surendra Kumar Verma and Dr.Jayanat Nagar
ABSTRACT Article View (18) Article Download (3) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11702 ]
SYNTHESIS OF CHITOSAN-POLYANILINE-TIO2 POLYMER BASED NANO PARTICLES AND THEIRCHARACTERIZATION
R. Ranjith, *Dr. Shameela Rajam and R. PandiyanABSTRACT Article View (24) Article Download (3) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11706 ]
A REVIEW ON SOLID DISPERSIONS
1/4/2019 WJPR | ARCHIVE VIEW
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*Dr. A. Seetha Devi, K. Vasundhara and S. Meraj SultanaABSTRACT Article View (20) Article Download (17) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11718 ]
KAUMARBHRITYA AS A PREVENTIVE PEDIATRICS FOR CHILDHOOD DISEASES
Dr. Dattatrya G. Parde*, Dr. Laxmikant G. Thakare and Dr. Vidya S. IngoleABSTRACT Article View (19) Article Download (13) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11730 ]
APPROACH IN AYURVEDA TO KEEP HEALTHY EYE – PREVENTIVE ASPECTS
Dr. Shailendra Singh*, Dr. Mayank Bhatkoti and Dr. Payal ThakurABSTRACT Article View (21) Article Download (3) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11758 ]
LIFESTYLE DISORDERS AND THEIR PREVENTION THROUGH AYURVEDA
Dr. Ashwini Diliprao Ghuge* and Dr. V. E. GogateABSTRACT Article View (23) Article Download (1) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11779 ]
MANAGEMENT OF PAIN OF OCULAR AND ENT ORIGIN THROUGH AYURVED
*Dr. Radhakrishna Bishwal, Dr. Sanghamitra Samantaray and Dr. Dhanya T.ABSTRACT Article View (27) Article Download (12) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11789 ]
QUANTIFICATION OF IRINOTECAN (CPT-11) AND ITS METABOLITE, SN-38, IN RAT PLASMA ANDBILE SAMPLES: APPLICATION TO PHARMACOKINETIC STUDIES
Ranjan Kumar Singh* and Narsingh RajpootABSTRACT Article View (22) Article Download (1) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11067 ]
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF UV SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHODS FOR THEESTIMATION OF BEDAQUILINE IN BULK AND PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATIONS
B. S. Pooja* and Dr. A Sathish Kumar ShettyABSTRACT Article View (29) Article Download (6) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11139 ]
UREDINALES THE RUST FUNGI
Dr. Teena Agrawal*ABSTRACT Article View (17) Article Download (4) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11198 ]
NIOSOME: A NANO-TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM
Sadhana Noothi*ABSTRACT Article View (20) Article Download (6) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11368 ]
JATAMANSI (NARDOSTACHYA JATAMANSI): A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
*Dr. Ankita Goyal, Dr. Sudipt Rath and Dr. Sachin MittalABSTRACT Article View (24) Article Download (12) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11654 ]
MECHANISMS OF VANCOMYCIN RESISTANCE IN STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS, ARTICLEREVIEW
Riad A. Dellol*ABSTRACT Article View (19) Article Download (4) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11664 ]
SOLUBILITY ENHANCEMENT OF POORLY WATER SOLUBLE DRUG BY USING VARIOUSSOLUBILITY ENHANCEMENT TECHNIQUES
Priyanka Hanumant Pawar*, Dr. Nilesh Khutle and Harshada DalviABSTRACT Article View (24) Article Download (4) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11676 ]
RADIO-PROTECTIVE POTENTIAL AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF PUDINA. (MENTHA SPP./MINT)
Sadaf Shaikh and Mansi Shah*ABSTRACT Article View (18) Article Download (8) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11709 ]
GARBHAVIJNANA
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Dr. R. R. Chakravarthy Gudipudi*ABSTRACT Article View (15) Article Download (7) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11713 ]
THE ROLE OF VIRECHAN KARMA AND INDIGENOUS DRUG WITH BAKUCHI-TUVRAK OIL IN THEMANAGEMENT OF SHVITRA W.S.R TO VITILIOGO
Dr. Himani Khajuria* and Dr. Monika GuptaABSTRACT Article View (27) Article Download (1) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11725 ]
COLON TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY – A REVIEW ON PRIMARY AND NOVEL APPROACHES
Nehal M. Bhatt* and Rakesh P. PatelABSTRACT Article View (10) Article Download (0) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11728 ]
PHARMACOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF PALASHBEEJADI YOGA AGAINST WORMS INFESTATION
Gupta Shilpy* and Kumar VijendraABSTRACT Article View (21) Article Download (1) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11795 ]
A REVIEW ON HERBAL APPROACH TOWARDS URTICARIA AN ALLERGIC SKIN DISORDER
Kushal Shah, Vedshree Raole, Namrata Parikh, Shachi Engineer, Ritav Bhrambhatt, BhavikChauhan*
ABSTRACT Article View (18) Article Download (4) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11806 ]
ANTI-DIABETIC ACTIVITY OF REPORTED MEDICAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS: A REVIEW
Venugopala Reddy Mekala*ABSTRACT Article View (20) Article Download (6) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11812 ]
STANDARDIZATION OF MODIFIED DHUM NETRA
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Purwanto. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
SYNTHESIS OF N-4-METHOXYBENZOYL-N'-PHENYLUREA
COMPOUND AND ACTIVITY TEST OF ANTICANCER AGAINST
HeLa CELL LINE
Bambang Tri Purwanto*
Departement of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University.
ABSTRACT
Research in the search for cancer drug compounds continues to be
developed, considering that specific anticancer compound has not been
obtained. Some of the urea derivative compounds are also being
developed in the search for an anti-cancer compound which is potent
with minimal side effects. Related to the explanation above, a urea
derivative, which is N-phenylurea, would like to be developed. It
would be reacted with 4-methoxybenzoyl chloride, thus N-4-
methoxybenzoyl-N'-phenylurea compound would be obtained. The
synthesis of N-4-methoxybenzoyl-N'-phenylurea was carried out by
Schotten-Baumman method that had been modified, and then a test of
purity was done by thin layer chromatography using 3 different kinds of eluent. The next
phase was structure characterization which was carried out by using UV and IR
spectrophotometry, then 1H-NMR spectrometry also MS, so that the structure from N-4-
methoxybenzoyl-N'-phenylurea would be obtained. Anticancer activation test was conducted
on HeLa cell line by using MTT assay, and the value of IC50 would be obtained. The
compound that has been successfully synthesized is N-4-methoxybenzoyl-N'-phenylurea,
with a yield of 51,23%. The purity test of N-4-methoxybenzoyl-N'-phenylurea was done by
thin layer chromatography with 3 different types of eluent (hexane: ethyl acetate: methanol =
2: 3: 1; Hexane: acetone = 4: 2; Hexane: ethyl acetate = 4: 2) one single spot was obtained,
which its value of Rf is different than the original compound, N-phenylurea. While the
melting point of the compound is 158oC, thus it was seen that the compound has been formed
and was different from the original compound, N-phenylurea. Anticancer activation test has
been performed with MTT assay method by using HeLa cell line, the result obtained of IC50
is 6.50 mM more active than hydroxyurea is 170.57 mM as a standard. The conclusion is that
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research SJIF Impact Factor 8.074
Volume 7, Issue 07, 56-69. Research Article ISSN 2277–7105
Article Received on
06 Feb. 2018,
Revised on 27 Feb. 2018,
Accepted on 20 March 2018
DOI: 10.20959/wjpr20187-11482
*Corresponding Author
Bambang Tri Purwanto
Departement of
Pharmaceutical Chemistry,
Faculty of Pharmacy,
Airlangga University.
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Purwanto. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
N-4-methoxybenzoyl-N'phenylurea, have been successfully synthesized and has anticancer
activity.
KEYWORDS: synthesis; N-4-methoxybenzoyl-N'-phenylurea; anticancer activity.
INTRODUCTION
Cancer is one of the diseases which is the main cause of death in developing countries and
also worldwide. From 58 million worldwide death in 2005, there were 7.6 million (13%)
which were caused by cancer. Death which is caused by cancer was expected to increase in
2015 and 11.4 million people in 2030. In Indonesia, cancer became the third largest
contributor to death after heart disease.[1]
Nowadays, the attempt to find new anticancer drug
continue to be done because the old drugs which have long been used gradually become less
effective and there is a tendency of resistance.[2]
Classical anticancer drugs which are used in chemotherapy are a group of the alkylating
compound, antimetabolite, anthracycline antibiotics, plant alkaloids, topoisomerase
inhibitors. The drugs in those groups inhibit the cell division or the synthesis and function of
DNA in some ways. New anticancer drugs do not affect DNA directly, but they affect
specific target molecule which is needed for carcinogenesis and the growth of cancer cells,
known as molecularly targeted therapy.[3]
Anticancer which are included in this group are
tyrosine kinase inhibitors (small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor) and monoclonal
antibodies. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors which have become the anticancer drugs are imatinib,
gefitinib, and erlotinib. Oncologists believe that the target molecule therapy is the future
chemotherapy. Hydroxy Urea (Hydrea®) also used as anticancer has distinctive features that
are able to produce nitric oxide, which is a vasodilator may cause antitumor effects. RNR
inhibition by hydroxy urea possibility for it has an unpaired electron that can extinguish
tyrosine radicals.[4]
Modern drug development is conducted through a long process and also spends great costs
because in the beginning, it was just a trial (trial and error). To minimize the nature of the
trial, the drug designing is performed (drug design), which is developing drugs which
molecular structure and biological activity have been known, based on the reasoning that is
systemic and rational by Quantitative Relationships Structure and Activity method
(QSAR).[5]
In the era of a computer nowadays, the approach of structure and activity
relationship can be performed more quickly and directed by "molecular modeling".[6]
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Purwanto. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
The first step in drug designing is determining the lead compound which structure will be
modified to obtain the desired activity, to increase the activity or selectivity, or to decrease
the toxicity. After that the modification of the lead compound structure was done. Urea is one
of the lead compounds, which is the parent of many derivatives which are potential as
anticancer. Urea derivative, which is well known as an anticancer drug, is carmustine or
BCNU (bis-chloroethylnitrosourea) and ENU (N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea) which include
alkylating compounds, and hydroxyurea (HU) which works by inhibiting ribonucleotide
reductase enzyme.[7]
ENU can induce mutations and also toxic at the high dose. The structure
of these compounds is shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1. Structure of Carmustine (a), ENU (b), hydroxyurea (c), and N-phenylurea (d)
Siswandono has done the synthesis of a new compound which is derived from benzoylurea
that has activity on the central nervous system in the form of movement disorder in mice.[8]
Susilowati and Diyah reported that N-benzoylurea, N-4-methoxy-benzoylurea, and 2-
chlorobenzoylurea showed a cytotoxic effect based on BST (Brine Shrimp Lethality Test) so
that it is potential as an anticancer.[9]
The cytotoxic activity of those compounds is higher
than hydroxyurea, which has been known as an anticancer drug. Hydroxyurea and its
hydroxamic acid derivatives are reported to work by affecting the specific enzyme target
involved in the cancer development such as histone deacetylase, matrix metalloproteinase
(MMP), and RNR.[10,11]
The cytotoxic activity by Brine Shrimp Test is also indicated of the
cells die, this method is also used to determine the cytotoxic activity of the 11 bases ketone
Schiff and 16 heterocyclic compounds synthesized.[12;13]
Hardjono has made a modification
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Purwanto. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
of the structure of urea by synthesizing 9 derivatives 1- (benzoyloxy) urea and concluded that
there is a linear relationship between in vitro cytotoxic activity against HeLa cell with the
activity which is predicted to be conducted in silico through molecular modeling. The activity
of cytotoxic derivative 1- (benzoyloxy) urea is higher than hydroxyurea.[14]
In the attempt to get a new anticancer compound, urea structural modifications are done. The
structure of anticancer compounds contains NH-CO-NH moiety, which is a pharmacophoric
group. In some compounds, such pharmacophore is in an aromatic heterocyclic ring or in the
nonaromatic heterocyclic ring, as -NH or -N-.[15]
By maintaining pharmacophore -NH-CO-
NH- and also adding an alkyl group in form of ethyl and an aromatic group, N-phenylurea
derivative compound will be made (figure 2).
For the optimization of anticancer activity, modification of the structure of phenylurea
compound based on the change of the nature of lipophilic, steric and compound electronic is
done. The modification of lipophilic and electronic properties is done based on the Topliss
model[16]
, which is by including the substituent in the benzene ring, which is predicted to
produce compounds with higher activity than the parent compounds. Substituent methyl (-
CH3) will increase the non-polar lipophilic properties, while the electronegative substituents
such as methoxy, chloro, and trifluoromethyl will change the electronic properties of
compounds. The modification of steric properties results from the change in the size of
benzoyl group which has been substituted.[17]
Compound and N-phenylurea derivatives can
be synthesized through the reaction between N-phenylurea compound with benzoyl chloride
based on Schotten-Baumann method.[18]
Figure 2. Structure of Imatinib (a), N-benzoylurea (b), and N-phenylurea (c)
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Purwanto. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
To test the anticancer activity, the determination of cell growth inhibition activity by in vitro
is done.[19]
Tumor cell culture which is used is cervical carcinoma cell (HeLa cells). The
activity of cell growth inhibition is expressed in IC50, namely the concentration of drug that
can result in the death of 50% of tumor cells.[20]
From this research, a new compound which is derived from N-phenylurea which can be used
as an anticancer drug will be obtained.
RESEARCH METHOD
Materials
The materials for synthesis and physicochemical analysis have grades of pro analysis: N-
phenylurea, pyridine, various organic solvents (acetone, ethyl acetate, n-hexane, chloroform,
ethanol, and methanol), Kieselgel 60 F254, DMSO-d6. And were purchased from the Sigma
Aldrich and E.Merck.
The materials for the anticancer activation test: synthesized compound, HeLa cell culture,
Culture Media DMEM, DMSO solution, phosphate buffer saline (PBS), MTT (3- (4,5-
dimetiltiazol-2-il) -2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide), SDS 10% in 0.1 N HCl.
Tools
The tools used for the synthesis and structural analysis of compounds: glassware in the
laboratory, Spectrophotometer UV-vis Shimadzu HP, 8452 A, Spectrophotometer Jasco FT-
IR 5300, Spectrometers, 1H-NMR Hitachi R-1900, Electrothermal Mel-Temp, Corning Hot
Plate P 351, Analytical balance Shimadzu LM-20. The tools for cytotoxic test: Micropipette
200, 1000 μL and tip, test tube, microplate, conical tube, ELISA-Reader.
Synthesis procedure of N-phenylurea derivate
In a round bottom flask of 200 ml, 0.03 mol of N-phenylurea is mixed with 40 ml of
tetrahydrofuran and 4 ml of pyridine. At a temperature of 5º C, 4-methoxybenzoyl chloride
derivative solution of 0.01 mol is added to 20 ml of tetrahydrofuran, bit by bit while stirred
with a magnetic stirrer. After the benzoyl chloride derivative solution is out, the mixture is
refluxed and stirred for 3 hours.
After the reaction is stopped, tetrahydrofuran is evaporated on a rotavapor (rotary
evaporator). On the result of the reaction, saturated sodium bicarbonate solution is added
while stirring until there is no air bubble (foam). The result is filtered through a Buchner
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funnel, the solids are washed with 50 ml of water 2 times, then they are washed with 10 ml of
ethanol two times.
Recrystallization is done by dissolving the solids with ethanol as necessary while it is stirred
above the heater (hot plate). The solution is filtered in hot condition, the filtrate is left at room
temperature until it is cool and then left it for a night. A crystal which is formed is filtered
through a Buchner funnel, and then it is washed with 10 ml of ethanol two times. Depending
on the synthesized compounds obtained, recrystallization can be done with another solvent
which is suitable, such as acetone-water. A crystal which is formed is moved into a petri dish,
and then it is dried in an oven.
Purity Test and Compound Structure Identification
The purity test of the synthesized compounds is done by thin layer chromatography, through
stationary phase Silica gel GF254 plate aluminum E. Merck and UV lamp stain appeared. A
melting point determination is done by electrothermal melting point apparatus. The
identification of the structure of the synthesized compound is performed by a
spectrophotometer ultra-violet (UV) and infrared (IR), nucleus magnetic resonance
spectrometry (1H-NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS).
[21]
Anticancer Activity Test
Anticancer activity is determined through the cytotoxic test in vitro by using cancer cells
(HeLa cell line) with MTT method. Parent solution from 10 test compounds at the level of
5000 μg/ mL in DMSO solvent. From each of the parent solution, a series of working
standard solution with concentrations of 250, 500, 750, 1000, 2000 μg/ mL are made by
dilution. The standard solution of anticancer drug (hydroxyurea) is also made as a positive
control and solvent blank as a negative control.
The culture of cancer cell and the normal cell is prepared in the form of a cell suspension
with a density of 105-2.10
6. Then the cell is inserted into Microplate wells, each is 100 L,
except the well used as a control media. A total of 0.2 mL of each standard work, positive
control, and negative control, is included in the microplate. For each concentration of the
working standard solution, three replications are made. The microplate is incubated in an
incubator of 5% CO2 for 24 hours at a temperature of 37º C and pH of 7.4 to 7.7. MTT
reagent is prepared for treatment (0.5 mg/ ml) by diluting 1 mL of stock MTT (50 mg MTT
in 10 mL of PBS) with sufficient media.
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Purwanto. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
After incubation, the cell media is removed, and the cell is washed with PBS. Then, 100 μL
of MTT reagent is added to each well, including media controls (without cells). The plate is
incubated for 2-4 hours in a CO2 incubator. After formazan is formed, 100μL SDS 10% is
added in 0.1 N HCl. The plate is wrapped in aluminum foil and incubated in a dark place at
room temperature for a night. Furthermore, the absorbance of each of the wells is observed
by ELISA reader at 595 nm. The more the number of cells live, the greater the absorbance.
IC50 of the test compound is determined by probit regression analysis. The same procedure is
also performed for normal cells.
RESULT
Synthesis of N-4-methoxybenzoyl-N'-phenylurea
Synthesis result in the form of white needle-shaped crystals with a yield of 51,23 %, it shows
that the method of Schotten-Bauman was the elected method of the synthesis process to
produced the N-4-methoxybenzoyl-N'-phenylurea compound. Identification of the structure
of the active compound N-4-methoxybenzoyl-N'-phenylurea can be seen in the following
analysis.
In the next stage test, thin-layer chromatography on compounds synthesized by using 2
different solvents (n-hexane: acetone = 4:2 and n-hexane: ethyl acetate = 4:2) gave a single
spot with different Rf compound with the N-phenylurea as the parent compound. The above
shows that the desired compounds synthesized have been formed and relatively pure
compounds also have different from the parent compound. At the melting point analysis of
test compound that had been synthesized had a melting point (158oC) and had a difference
with the parent compound which had the melting point (145oC). In this test has proven that
the compound which was synthesized has been formed and has a relative purity because there
were no other impurities in it.
Characterization of the compound
N-4methoxybenzoyl-N'-phenylurea, λ max (nm)(Ethanol) = 252; IR (KBr pellet), 3446 cm-1
(NH secondary), 1685 cm-1
(-CO), 1538 cm-1
(C=C arom); 1-
HNMR (DMSO-d6), 6.90–8, 10,
m, (C6H5), 12.00-13.00, d, (NH); 3.70-4.10, m, (OCH3); MS (EI), 270 (M)+, 151
(CH3O(C6H5)CONH)+
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Anticancer activation test of N-methoxybenzoyl-N'-phenylurea compound and Hidroxy
Urea
After the anticancer test is conducted in N-4-methoxybenzoyl-N'-phenylurea compound and
hydroxyl urea by using MTT assay method, the result can be seen in Figure 1 and 2 below.
Figure 1: The result of anticancer activation test of N-4-methoxybenzoyl-N'-phenylurea
compound.
IC50 = 1757 ug/mL = 6.50 mM
Figure 2: The result of anticancer activation test of hidroxy urea as a standard
compound.
IC50 = 12972 ug/mL = 170.57 mM (Hidroxy urea)
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Purwanto. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
DISCUSSION
The synthesis of N-4-methoxybenzoyl-N'-phenylurea is carried out by reacting the primary
amine group of N-phenylurea with 4-methoxybenzoyl chloride group of benzoyl chloride.
Several researchers have done some method of reaction between primary amine group with
the derivative of benzoyl chloride. Reksohadiprodjo,1987 and Tjiptasurasa,1991 have done
acylation reaction between the derivative of urea with an acyl chloride, the method used is by
mixing and heating at the temperature of 60 - 80oC.
[22;23] It turns out that the result obtained
has a relatively small yield (9-31%), this can be due to the lack of contact between the
compounds because there are no solvent media which is used. The method above is used by
researchers because urea derivative has different solubility properties with acyl chloride
derivative. Urea derivative is a compound that is water soluble, while the derivative of acyl
chloride is not water soluble. On the implementation of acylation reaction, water is avoided
because the presence of water can react with benzoyl chloride derivatives and it will form
benzoic acid. Alcohol solvent also should not be used because it will form ester compound if
it is reacted with benzoyl chloride derivative. In the acylation reaction, benzoyl chloride
derivative can react quickly and perfectly with primary, secondary, or tertiary amine
compounds in the use of pyridine solvent and gives the percentage of result which is
relatively good.[24]
In the acylation reaction between urea compound with a derivative of acyl chloride,
theoretically both primary amine groups can react with the derivative of acyl chloride, but the
result of research that has been done by Reksohadiprodjo, 1987 and Tjiptasurasa, 1991 shows
that only one primary amine group of urea compound reacts with acyl chloride derivative.
This is due to the influence of the space obstacle of aromatic nucleus so that it will interfere
the next reaction. In the acylation reaction, HCl will be released. It can interfere the process
of the reaction because the amide group which is formed will be parsed back, therefore it can
be overcome with the addition of 2 equivalents of the amine compound. Another way to
overcome the problems above is by neutralizing HCl which is formed by adding a strong base
such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide solution. The reaction between amine
compound with acyl chloride using organic solvent is known as Schotten-Baumann
reaction.[18;24]
Bambang Soekardjo (1989) has conducted the acylation reaction between ampicillin and
benzoyl chloride derivative. Ampicillin, which has a primary amine group, will react with
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Purwanto. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
benzoyl group and formed the amide compound. The reaction solvent used is tetrahydrofuran,
which is an inert solvent.[25]
The same thing was done by Bambang Tri Purwanto (1991), who has succeeded in doing the
formation reaction of p-bromobenzoylampicillin by reacting ampicillin with p-
bromobenzoylchloride by using the reaction solvent of tetrahydrofuran.[26]
Siswandono (1999) has conducted the acylation reaction between urea compound and a
derivative of benzoyl chloride. It turns out that this reaction found a difficulty because urea
compound is dissolved in polar solvents, while derivative of benzoyl chloride is dissolved in
a nonpolar solvent. Therefore, the tetrahydrofuran solvent is used, that will form the
suspension with urea compound, which is then reacted with a derivative of benzoyl chloride
which is dissolved in tetrahydrofuran as well.[27]
Suzana (2004) has conducted a formation reaction of benzoylthiourea compound, which is
reacting urea with thiocyanate compound to form a new thiourea, which is then reacted with
benzoyl chloride derivative.[28]
Another researcher, Dini (2005), has successfully performed the formation reaction of the
benzoylthiourea derivative by reacting thiourea with benzoyl chloride derivative by using
tetrahydrofuran reaction solvent.[29]
On the formation of N-4-methoxybenzoyl-N'-phenylurea, the reaction is also carried out by
reacting N-phenylurea compound with 4-methoxybenzoyl chloride by using tetrahydrofuran
reaction solvent, and it is refluxed for 8 hours. After the reaction is finished, then saturated
sodium carbonate solution is added to neutralize HCl and benzoic acid derivative which is
formed. The next step is washing it with water to remove the remnants of the existing HCl
salt, and then it is washed with methanol to remove the residue of benzoyl chloride derivative
or its hydrolysis result, which is benzoic acid derivative. The next stage is doing
recrystallization with hot methanol because N-4-methoxybenzoyl-N'-phenylurea derivatively
is soluble in hot methanol but it is not soluble in cold condition. In general, the
recrystallization result of N-4-methoxybenzoyl-N'-phenylurea derivative is in the form of
small shiny white needle crystal or shiny pieces.
The purity of compounds which are the result of synthesis that have been formed then is
tested by thin layer chromatography (KLT) by using three mobile phases, namely a mixture
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Purwanto. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
of hexane: ethyl acetate: methanol (2: 3: 1), a mixture of hexane: acetone (4: 2) and hexane:
ethyl acetate (4: 2). The result of KLT shows that at various mobile phases used above, there
is only one stain. This means that the compound which is the result of synthesis might be a
single compound.
The next stage is to test the purity by determining the melting range of the compounds which
are the result of synthesis. The result of melting range determination of compounds which are
the result of synthesis shows that the melting range is relatively small, which is around two
degrees Celsius. It means that the compounds which are the result of synthesis are pure.
Structure identification of N-4-methoxybenzoyl-N'-phenylurea compound
In determining the wavelength of N-4-methoxybenzoyl-N'-phenylurea by using UV
spectrophotometer, it can be seen that the compounds which are the result of synthesis show
two maximum wavelengths, which are 252 nm. The compounds which are the result of
synthesis is estimated to have a conjugated double bond chromophore group or aromatic
system and auxochrome group. From the UV spectra, there is also seen a shift in the
maximum wavelength. N-phenylurea reagent shows two wavelengths, which are 204 nm and
238 nm, while the compounds which are the result of synthesis also show two maximum
wavelengths, which are 252 nm. It shows that there is the addition of chromophore group in
the benzoyl structure so that it can be said that the acylation reaction between N-phenylurea
and 4-methoxybenzoyl chloride has been going as expected.
In the IR spectrum of N-4-methoxybenzoyl-N'-phenylurea it can be seen that there is a band
in the area of 3446 cm-1
which indicates the secondary amine group of aromatic amine
compounds. It is also supported by 1H-NMR spectra with two sharp bands in the area of
12.00 and 13. 00 ppm, which indicate that there is 1 atom of H singlet from secondary amine
group (group CONH). Two carbonyl groups are seen in IR spectrum at wave numbers of
1685 and 1603 cm-1
, while for the group -C=C- can be seen in wave numbers of 1538 and
1515 cm-1
. This is strengthened by a 1H-NMR spectrum that shows the multiplicity of 10 H
atoms from two aromatic nuclei in the chemical shift from 6.90 to 8.10 ppm.
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Purwanto. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
From the analysis of the spectra above, it can be concluded that the compound is N-4-
methoxybenzoyl-N'-phenylurea with chemical structural formula as follows.
From the data of anticancer activity against Hella cell line at the table and IC50 form the N-4-
methoxybenzoyl-N'-phenylurea is 6.50 mM, it can be seen that the test compounds can cause
the death of 50% of cancer cells at the level of approximately 1000 to 2000 g/ mL. While
the hydroxy urea as a standard has IC50 170.57 mM.
CONCLUSION
1. N-4-methoxybenzoyl-N'-phenylurea compound has been successfully synthesized, and it
shows the difference between one compound and the parent compound of N-phenylurea
in the purity test by thin layer chromatography and also melting range test.
2. N-4-methoxybenzoyl-N'-phenylurea compound has anti-cancer activity against HeLa cell
and higher than a standard hidroxyurea.
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