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Page 1: 7 7 - UNAIR

7 7

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1/4/2019 WJPR | ARCHIVE VIEW

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PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTIBACTERIAL ANALYSIS OF AQUEOUS ANDALCOHOLIC EXTRACTS OF VERNONIA AMYGDALINA (DEL.) LEAF*Tsaku Alumbugu Paul, Ibrahim Taibat, Ekeleme Ike Kenneth, Nkenne Istifanus Haruna, Oti VictorBaba and Abimiku Rejoice Helma

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11567 ]

DETECTIONS OF SOME RESPIRATORY VIRUSES BY MOLECULAR TECHNIQUESAMONG TWO SUDANESE TARGETS INDIVIDUALSIbrahim H. S.*, Kafi S. K., Musa H. A., Karsany M. S. and Abdel Hamid M. M.

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11543 ]

POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS INTAKE AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH BREASTCANCER AMONG PATIENTS ATTENDING THE RADIATION AND ISOTOPE CENTERIN KHARTOUM STATEHafsa A. Elsafi* and Hassan A/Aziz Musa

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11199 ]

ASSESSMENT OF CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE PATIENTS' AWARENESS ABOUTDISEASE AND HEMODIALYSIS COMPLICATIONS IN ALHASA REGION OF SAUDIARABIADr. Amal Khaleel Abu Alhommos* and Fahad Sami Al-Fahaid

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11644 ]

EVALUATION OF RISK FACTORS IN BREAST CANCER AMONG IRAQI FEMALEPATIENTSBushra Hasan Hashim*, Khulood Kareem Abed, Lina Ziyad Tareq, Arwa Ra’id Mishaal and HaneenSedqi Ismael

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11646 ]

SYNTHESIS OF N-4-METHOXYBENZOYL-N'-PHENYLUREA COMPOUND ANDACTIVITY TEST OF ANTICANCER AGAINST HeLa CELL LINEBambang Tri Purwanto*

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11482 ]

DOCKING, SYNTHESIS AND CYTOTOXIC TEST ON HUMAN BREAST CANCERCELL LINE T47D OF N- (PHENYLCARBAMOTHIOYL)-BENZAMIDEDini Kesuma*, Siswandono, Bambang Tri Purwanto and Marcellino Rudyanto

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11474 ]

ASSESSMENT OF CINNAMON EFFECT TO REDUCE PRIMARY DYSMENORRHEAAND IMPROVE QUALITY OF LIFE AMONG FEMALES IN EASTERN REGION OFSAUDI ARABIA: A CROSS SECTIONAL SURVEYDr. Amal Khaleel Abu Alhommos* and Muneerah Al-Hadi

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11682 ]

ASSESSMENT OF SAUDI WOMEN AWARENESS ABOUT PAIN RELIEF AGENTS INLABOR IN AL-HASA CITY OF SAUDI ARABIADr. Amal Khaleel Abu Alhommos* and Malak AlDossary

2018- VOLUME 7, APRIL ISSUE 7Research Article

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Page 3: 7 7 - UNAIR

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ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11681 ]

ANALYSIS OF PRESCRIPTION PATTERN OF ANTIBIOTICS USED FOR THEMANAGEMENT OF URINARY TRACT INFECTION IN A KIDNEY CENTERDr. Maqsood Ahmed Khan*, Syed Imran Ali, Sadia S. Kashif, Dr. Rabia Bushra, Aqsa Fatima Wali,Aiman Ashraf, Summaiya Mukhtar, Maryam Nasar, Aruba Hassan and Saba Shahid

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11418 ]

PROTECTIVE ROLE OF MORINGA OLEIFERA LEAF EXTRACT AS A NATURALANTIOXIDANT AGAINST TOXIC EFFECT OF PARACETAMOL ON MALE MICESamia A. El-Fiky, Nagwa A. Hassan, Hassab El-Nabi S. E., Hasnaa A. Radwan* and Elsayad R. I.

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11581 ]

LOCAL SURVEY FOR AWARENESS OF HYPERACIDITY AND/OR OTHERASSOCIATED PROBLEMSDr. Geeta D. Parulkar*, Dr. Manjushri Kharat, Dr. Abhishek Taksale, Dr. Ajitkumar Sahu, Dr. VaishaliKokani, Dr. Ganesh Patare and Dr. Minal Bhusewar

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11439 ]

KNOWLEDGE OF ANTENATAL CARE IN WOMEN OF REPRODUCTIVE AGERESIDING IN SUB-URBAN AREAS OF LAHOREMusa Raza*, M Farooq Amjad, Samiyah Tasleem, Alweena Awan, Maarij Shehzad and AyeshaHumayun

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11747 ]

CHARACTERIZATION OF A NOVEL TAYLOR-COUETTE ULTRAVIOLET REACTORFOR NON-THERMAL PASTEURIZATION OF MILKRawa Abdul Redha Aziz* and Keith Warriner

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11762 ]

TO EVALUATE GANDHRVAHASTYADI CHURNA IN MOOTRASHMARI*Vd. Santosh Yashwant Solaskara nd Dr. Umesh Avinash Vaidya

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-10604 ]

TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENTS OF SOME SEAWEED COLLECTED FROM RAIGADCOASTS OF KONKAN (MS)J. S. Ambhore and *Whankatte V. R.

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11107 ]

CHOLINE CHLORIDE-UREA: AN EFFICIENT, GREEN MEDIA FOR PARTIALHYDROLYSIS OF DI- AND TRI-PROTECTED GANCICLOVIR AND SELECTIVE O-ACYLATION IN THE SYNTHESIS OF ANTIVIRAL DRUG VALGANCICLOVIRAnita Goswami-Giri* and Pranaya P. Dhawle

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11305 ]

ASSESSMENT OF QUALITY OF LIFE IN ADULT DIABETIC PATIENTS:PHARMACOLOGICAL THERAPY AND NON PHARMACOLOGICAL THERAPYG. Prasanth*, R. Yogananda and N. J. Suba Sree

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11408 ]

SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OFTHIADIAZOLE DERIVATIVES*Dr. Rashmi Kumari, Dr. Vachaspati Dubey, Dr. S. K. Mishra and Anshu Raj

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11417 ]

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF FLOATING PULSATILE TABLET IN TABLETDRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM FOR HYPERTENSIONMansi Shah* and Dipti Patel

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11430 ]

SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERISATION AND BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF A NEWSERIES OF BENZOFURANS

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N. Vijaya Lakshmi*, V. Sandhya Reddy, S. K. Johny Basha, S. K. Shakeela Begum and D. PavanaDeepthi

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11488 ]

SCREENING OF PHYTOCHEMICALS, ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIOXIDANTACTIVITIES OF ELEPHANTOPUS SCABER LEAVESAbarna N., Stephy Verghese and Jasmine R.*

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11507 ]

MICROPROPAGATION OF AN ENDANGERED TERRESTRIAL ORCHID GEODORUMDENSIFLORUM (LAM.) SCHLTR. OF KANYAKUMARI DISTRICT, INDIAG.V. Gegi, Dr. B. Christudhas Williams & Dr. R. Mary Suja

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11520 ]

SCREENING OF RHIZOMICROFLORA ISOLATED FROM THE RHIZOSPHERE OFAEGLE MARMELOS FOR MULTIPLE PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING ANDANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIESDamle N. R.* and S. W. Kulkarni

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11528 ]

SCREENING OF FUNGAL PATHOGENS FOR BIOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT OFNOXIOUS WEED EICHHORNIA CRASSIPESR. P. Mishra and Sohni Jain*

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11537 ]

EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF EXTRACTS OF PIPER BETELLEAVES AGAINST SOME COMMON PATHOGENSV. P. Sutar*

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11540 ]

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NICKEL OXIDE BY USING UV/VISSPECTROMETRY, SCANNING ELECTRON MICRSCOPY AND ITS ANTIMICROBIALACTIVITY AGAINST BACILLUS SPP., PSEUDOMONAS SPP. ESCHERICHIA COLIJ. C. Pradeep Kumar* and Dr. F. V. Dandawate

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11541 ]

NON INVASIVE ASSESSMENT OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS AMONG SCHOOLCHILDREN OF A SEMI-URBAN AREA IN TAMILNADUSuja Pandian R.*

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11549 ]

CROSS MATCHING TRIBAL ETHNO MEDICINAL PRACTICES IN DIARRHEA &DYSENTERY BY BHIL- MINA TRIBE OF BANSWARA, RAJASTHAN WITHPUBLISHED PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCHDr. P. K. Dam* and Pankaj Kumar

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11550 ]

EFFECT OF BIOCHAR AMENDMENT AND AGEING ON SORPTION ANDDISSIPATION OF TETRACYCLINE’S IN SOILS*Dr. O. P. Bansal

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11553 ]

KNOWLEDGE AND AWARENESS ABOUT PHARMACOVIGILANCE AMONG 2NDYEAR MBBS STUDENTS AT GOVERNMENT MEDICAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITALDr. Rajat Mishra*, Syed Meraj Fatmi and Dr. Sunil Kumar Singh

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11557 ]

EFFICACY OF JALANETI AND PRANAYAMA IN MANAGEMENT OF VATAJAPRATISHYAYA (ALLERGIC RHINITIS)Dr. Manish Arora*, Dr. Patwardhan Ravindra, Dr. Shrikant G. Ingole and Dr. Rahul Gujarati

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11559 ]

CLINICAL EVALUATION OF BILVADI CHURAN IN THE MANAGEMENT OFGRAHANI ROG W.S.R. TO IBS (IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME)Dr. Avneet Kaur* and Dr. Manu Sharma

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ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11564 ]

IN VIVO STUDIES & SEM OF CONTROLLED POROSITY OSMOTIC PUMP (CPOP)TABLET OF ATENOLOLAyesha Sultana* and D. Varun

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11566 ]

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF AN UVSPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHODFOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF TENELIGLIPTIN AND METFORMINLeena Ajay Sawaikar*

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11569 ]

DEVELOPMENT OF POLYHERBAL PREPARATION FOR HAIR GROWTHPRMOTING ACTIVITYRoshni Sahu*, Narendra Vyas, Shivendra S. Raghuwanshi, Sapna Malviya and Anil Khariya

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11570 ]

STUDY AND DESIGN OF BENZAMIDE AND PYRIDINECARBOXAMIDEDERIVATIVES AS A GLUCOKINASE ACTIVATORDhanraj Patidar*, Sailesh Narayan, Rajeev Malviya and Phool Singh Yaduwanshi

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11574 ]

PURIFICATION OF BETA GALACTOSIDASE ENZYME FROM DAIRY EFFLUENTBACILLUS SPECIESV. Pavithra and *Dr. J. Thirumagal

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11577 ]

NEW AND EFFICIENT GREEN CATALYST ONE-POT SYNTHESIS OFBENZIMIDAZOLE AND DERIVATIVESGurumeet C. Wadhawa*, Vitthal S. Shivankar, Yashwant A. Gaikwad, Nilam S. Dhumale,Charansingh H. Gill and Laxman V. Gavali

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11579 ]

IN VITRO ANTICANCER ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACT OF Acampepraemorsa (Roxb.)G. Soumiya*, Dr. B. Christudhas Williams and Dr. R. Mary Suja

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11585 ]

ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN OF EXTENDED SPECTRUM Β-LACTAMASE PRODUCING ESCHERICHIA COLIParveen W.* and Subhashini A.

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11604 ]

PHYTOCHEMICALS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF APPLE BER, A HYBRIDVARIETY OF ZIZIPHUS MAURITIANARajni Nigam*

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11622 ]

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF GELRITE BASED PHASE CHANGEOPHTHALMIC SOLUTION OF NEPAFENAC- As QBD APPROACHDeepak G. Wagh* and Dr. Sadhana R. Shahi

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11627 ]

SCREENING FOR CONGENITAL HYPOTHYROIDISM IN GREATER NOIDA BYMEASUREMENT OF UMBILICAL CORD THYROXINE (FREE) AND THYROIDSTIMULATING HORMONE: A MULTICENTRIC HOSPITAL BASED STUDYChandra Prakash Sharma, Widhi Dubey and Dr. Suryakant Nagtilak*

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11632 ]

IN-VITRO ANTIHELMINTHIC ACTIVITY, PHOTO CHEMICAL SCREENING ANDTLC STUDIES OF METHANOL EXTRACTION ON CELOSIA CRISTATA FLOWERUSING IN - STATE FESTIVAL OF TELANGANA (BATHUKAMMA)P. Sravan Kumar*

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ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11633 ]

ANTIBACTERIAL SCREENING OF AMORPHOPHALLUS CAMPANULATUS ROXB.AGAINST SELECTED HUMAN PATHOGENIC BACTERIADr. T. Francis Xavier, G. Dhanasekaran* and D. Sathish Kumar

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11636 ]

ISOLATION AND MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF HALOPHILIC ARCHAEA (Part–I) FROM SALINE SOILArpita R. Dave* and Dr. Ajit V. Pandya

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11637 ]

GREEN SYNTHESIS OF GOLD NANOPARTICLES USING CASSIA ALATA LEAFEXTRACT AND EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIESLe Thi Thanh, Thejesh Kumar M. P. and Rajkumar H. Garampalli*

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11640 ]

N-LINKED GLYCOSYLATION AND CHARGE VARIANT ANALYSIS OF BIOSIMILARANTI HER2 ANTIBODY IN TREATMENT OF BREAST CANCERPratik R. Gajjar*, Dasharath M. Patel, Amar K. Shrivastava, Umesh S. Shaligram, Noelle Sunstrom

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11645 ]

GC-MS AND ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL OF METHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACT OFPUTRANJIVA ROXBURGHII WALL. (PUTRANJIVACEAE)Emasushan M.* and John Britto S.

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11651 ]

ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF XYLANASE PRODUCINGMICROORGANISMS FROM SOILRajakumar R.* and Rameshwara Reddy Naru

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11655 ]

DESIGN AND PHARMACOLOGICAL STUDIES OF NEW COUMARIN DERIVEDCHALCONE SYNTHESIZED COMPOUNDSSai Chandra J.*

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11657 ]

A NOVEL VALIDATED STABILITY INDICATING RP-HPLC METHOD FORESTIMATIONOF NALOXEGOLY. Sirisha* and Anilkumar Y.

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11661 ]

STUDY OF THYROID FUNCTIONS IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS ANDRELATIONSHIP WITH OBESITY IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, BANKURA,WEST BENGALDr. Sumanta Banerjee*, Dr. Santa Saha (Roy), Dr. Pinaki Sarkar, Dr. Biswanath Sharma Sarkar andDr. Dibakar Haldar

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11666 ]

A COMPARISON OF VESTIBULAR REHABILITATION APPROACHES ON BALANCEIN HEARING IMPAIRED CHILDREN WITH VESTIBULAR DYSFUNCTIONShilpa Khandare, Nigel Gonsalves*, Dr. Tushar Palekar PhD., Vidhi Shah and Trupti Siddapur

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11669 ]

VALIDATION OF STABILITY INDICATING HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUIDCHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF ASSAY OFCARBAMAZEPINE DRUG IN THE PHARMACEUTICALS TABLET FORMULATIONSUSING PHENYTOIN AS AN INTERNAL STANDARDShaikh Javed Shaikh Afzal*, Suresh C. Ameta and Pathan Mohd Arif Ali Khan

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11670 ]

STUDY OF POLYPHARMACY IN GERIATRIC PATIENTS IN A TERTIARY CAREHOSPITAL: A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDYI. Neelam*, A. Kavya, P. Priyanka, P. Vinod and P. Jeevan

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11674 ]

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CHARACTERIZATION OF SALMONELLA SPP– PRODUCING EXTENDED-SPECTRUM Β-LACTAMASE (ESBL) ISOLATED FROM CHICKENSLAUGHTERHOUSES PROCESSING LINE IN NAMAKKAL*R. Sowmiyadevi, M. Anitha, D. Jegadeeshkumar and B. Madhumathi

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11677 ]

AN ASSESSMENT OF GROUND WATER QUALITY IN RURAL AREA OF ARAVALLIDISTRICT IN WINTER SEASON BY PHYSICOCHEMICAL PARAMETERSPreksha Patel, Shiv Singh Dulawat* and Mangal Shree Dulawat

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11680 ]

SYNTHESIS AND ANTIMICROBIAL EVALUATION OF SOME SUBSTITUTED-BENZOYL HYDRAZINO DERIVATIVES OF PYRIMIDINEDarshitkumar M. Dave* and Dr. A. H. Bapodra

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11689 ]

EFFICACY OF KANTAKARI MARICHA LEHA ON KAPHAJA KASA IN CHILDRENOFAGE GROUP 1 TO 5 YEARSDr. Shital Sawant*, Dr. J. A. Nandgaonkar and Dr. Rahul H. Gujarathi

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11693 ]

CHEMOMETRICS ASSISTED SIMULTANEOUS SPECTROPHOTOMETRICDETERMINATION OF ALOGLIPTIN AND METFORMIN IN PHARMACEUTICALDOSAGE FORMPremakumari K. B.*, Sandhyavali M. S., Murugan V. and Shanaz Banu

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11697 ]

ASSESSMENT OF BIOMOLECULES FROM LEAVES EXTRACT OF ETHNIC PLANTSB. D. Nagle, Anil Kumar*, K Khasdeo, S. R. Gayakwad, A. D. Lazrus

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11698 ]

EXPLORATION OF ACTINOBACTERIA FROM MANGROVE ECOSYSTEM OFKRISHNA DISTRICT, ANDHRA PRADESHKrishna Naragani*

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11700 ]

METABOLIC SYNDROME AND RISK OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN RURALAND URBAN PATIENTS IN NORTH INDIAManoj Kumar Sharma, Sonali Pandey and Suryakant Nagtilak*

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11707 ]

METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF RP-HPLC FOR SIMULTANEOUSESTIMATION OF ETODOLAC & THIOCOLCHICOSIDEN. Sai Prudhvi*, M. Prasadarao and G. Anil Kumar

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11711 ]

POTENTIAL USE OF WILD GANODERMA SP BASED PETROLATUM PASTEAGAINST SOME MIXED DERMATOLOGICAL CONDITIONS IN GOATS INMAIDUGURI, NIGERIA*Shamaki B. U., Sandabe U. K., Abdulrahman F.I., Sa’idu S. N. A., Tekdek L. B. and Ya’uba A. M.

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11716 ]

SYNTHESIS OF GOLD NANOPARTICLES FROM NATURAL HONEY AND ITSAPPLICATION IN ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITYDr. R. Manju* and D. Savi

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11721 ]

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF NANOPARTICLES OF EPROSARTANMESYLATENihar Ranjan Kar* and Manisa Patel

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11724 ]

PREVALENCE OF COLOR BLINDNESS AMONG THE STUDENTS OF RIYADHCOLLEGES OF DENTISTRY AND PHARMACYEbtesam Al Fayez, Ebtehal Al Shammari, Ghada Al Haiid and Dr. Shahzeb H. Ansari*

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ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11738 ]

ASSESSMENT OF THE KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, AND PRACRTICE OF SUDANESEMOTHERS TOWARD CHILDHOOD VACCINATION, AT KHARTOUM NORTH HEATHCENTERS: SUDANTahany Mohamed Osman Mohamed and *Kamal Addin Mohammad Ahmad Idris

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11739 ]

ASSESSMENT OF THE KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE OF SUDANESEADOLESCENT SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS ABOUT THE APPROPRIATE ANDSAFE HANDLING OF MEDICINESSahar Mohamed Osman Mohamed and Kamal Addin Mohammad Ahmad Idris*

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11740 ]

ASSESSMENT OF IN-PATIENTS’ SATISFACTION WITH THE QUALITY OF HEALTHCARE SERVICES PROVIDED IN SOBA UNIVERISTY TEACHING HOSPITAL,KHARTOUM, SUDANFatima Ismail Hussein Badri and *Kamal Addin Mohammad Ahmad Idris

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11741 ]

EVALUATION OF IN VITRO CYTOTOXICITY OF DIMETHOATE ON HUMANPERIPHERAL BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES USING MTT ASSAYDr. Daya Shankar Gautam*, Meenal Raikwar, Roshni Soni and Sheeba Begum

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11773 ]

SCREENING OF PRE-HYPERTENSION RISK FACTORS AMONG TEACHINGPROFESSIONALSNigel Gonsalves*, Amita Aggarwal, Dr. Tushar J. Palekar PhD. and Chetna Jadhav

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11775 ]

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF STABILITY INDICATING RP-HPLC METHODFOR ESTIMATION OF ROSUVASTATIN AND EZETIMIBE IN CAPSULE DOSAGEFORMPatel Aesha A.* and Dr. Paresh Patel

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11776 ]

HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF GRACILARIACORTICATA J.AG. IN HARE ISLAND, THOOTHUKUDI, TAMIL NADU, INDIA*John Peter Paul J. and Raja P.

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11780 ]

MONONUCLEAR LINEAR-SHAPED ASSEMBLIES OF N,N’-DIETHYLBENZIMIDAZOLYDINE BASED IONIC LIQUID COORDINATED TO AG(I)-AND CU(I)-NHC AND THEIR ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT APPLICATIONSA. G. Bharathi Dileepan, R. Mathumidha, D. Maruthamuthu, R. Ranjith, S. Priscilla Prabavathi andShameela Rajam*

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11792 ]

RESIDUE DEPLETION OF TILMICOSIN IN CHICKEN TISSUESAbdelrahman Mostafa*, Nuha M. A. Agbna, Samia A. Wahab and Sania Shaddad

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11046 ]

ETHANOBOTANICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF COCCINIA INDICA AGAINSTURINARY TRACT INFECTIONDeepa M. and Sharly Elgal N*.

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11196 ]

EVALUATION OF ANXIOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF SUBSTITUTED 1, 2, 4-TRIAZOLEBEARING IMINO, FIVE MEMBERED HETEROCYCLIC MOIETYD. Kumudha*, T. Kalavathi and B. A. Viswanath

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11440 ]

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AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY ON THE ASSOCIATION OF LOW BACK PAIN ANDMID-LINE FISSURE IN TONGUER. Saranya*, G. J. Christian, S. Elansekaran and M. Ramamoorthy

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11477 ]

EVALUATION OF IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF ETHANOLIC ANDAQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF ACHYRANTHES ASPERA L.Thafshila Aafrin A. M. and Anuradha R.*

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11547 ]

GREENER APPROACH OF SYNTHESIS OF AZO DERIVATIVES AND BIS- PYRAZOLEDERIVATIVES ALONG WITH ANTIMICROBIAL SCREENINGPrashant P. Chaudhari* and Shankarsing S. Rajput

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11613 ]

COMPARATIVE PHYTOCHEMICAL AND SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC ANTIOXIDANTEVALUATION OF THE ROOT BARK, STEM BARK, LEAF AND SEED OF COLANITIDA (STERCULACEAE)Ukwueze Stanley Ejike* and Ugwu Nneka Njideka

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11673 ]

ANTIPYRETIC EFFECT OF ORAL VERSUS RECTAL ACETAMINOPHEN INCHILDREN - A RANDOMIZED COMPARATIV STUDYNobo Krishna Ghosh, Farhana Tanzin, Forhad Manjur, Farhana Rizwan, Morsheda Khanam and S.M. Shatil Shahriar

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11685 ]

ESTABLISHMENT OF RICE HUSK BY-PRODUCT AS PHARMACEUTICALEXCIPIENTSAnil Kumar*, Durga Prasad Patel*, Gajendra Kumar Patel, Deepika Singh, Anand Kumar Prasad and Dr. Khomendra Sarva

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11722 ]

IN-VITRO CONSERVATION OF MOMORDICA CYMBALARIA HOOK. F.S. V. Madhale* and N. S. Chavan

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11723 ]

HALALI RESERVOIR RESTUDY THE SEASONAL VARIATIONS IN PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF WATERDr. Reena Yadav* and Dr. Pramod Patil

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11729 ]

A STUDY ON ANTI-PUTREFACTION PROPERTY OF DODONAE ANGUSTIFOLIAJ. K. Alphonsa Juliet Helina* and A. Peter Pascal Regis

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11761 ]

OXIDATIVE HYDROXYLATION OF OMEPRAZOLE IN HEALTHY SUBJECTS OFNIGER DELTA REGION BY THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHYBenjamin U. Ebeshi*, Vaikosen N. Edebi and Jonathan O. Onajemo

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11764 ]

MATERNAL RISK FACTORS- AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY ON DEMOGRAPHICVARIABLES FOR NEONATAL CONJUCTIVITISDr. Rahul Ghoti* and Dr. Rahul H. Gujarathi

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11768 ]

PREPARATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND CELL UPTAKE STUDIES OF MULTI-DRUG POLYMERIC NANOPARTICLES LOADED PATCHES FOR MANAGEMENT OFAIDS AND TUBERCULOSIS IN PAEDIATRIC POPULATIONMathur M., Raichur V. and V. Kusumdevi*

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11769 ]

PHYTOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF SEED AND FRUIT PULP EXTRACTS OFPASSIFLORA FOETIDA L.

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P. S. Chinnasamy, S. Parimala and M. Kandhasamy*ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11770 ]

QUENCHING METHOD - A NOVEL TECHNIQUE IN THE FORMULATION ANDEVALUATION OF SOLID LIPID NANOPARTICLES TAKING QUETIAPIN FUMARATEAS A MODEL DRUGP. Tripura Sundari* and Hari Anushree

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11787 ]

QUALITY PARAMETERS FOR STANDARDIZATION OF FICUS RELIGIOSA LINN.STEM BARK: AN UPDATEShiva and Sumitra Singh*

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11790 ]

USE OF DRAGENDORFFS REAGENT FOR THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHICDETECTION OF TRIAZINE CLASS HERBICIDE ATRAZINEUmakant D. Pawar*, Chandrakant D. Pawar, Ulka K. Kulkarni, Devanand B. Shinde and Rajendra K.Pardeshi*

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11791 ]

PREVALENCE OF HBeAg IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS B PATIENTS IN KHARTOUM,SUDANShamsoun Kafi, Abosufyan Salama* and Sarra Alfadil

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11793 ]

MOLECULAR STUDY OF SLC2A9 GENE IN DIABETIC ASTHENOZOOSPERMICIRAQI PATIENTSSara Harith Abdul-Razaaq* and Prof. Dr. Waleed Hameed Yousif

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11796 ]

SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF LEVOSULPIRIDE AND ILAPRAZOLE INCAPSULE DOSAGE FORM BY SIMULTANEOUS EQUATIONSPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD AND QABSORBANCE RATIO METHOD*Devanshi H. Rami and Dr. Sejal K. Patel

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11799 ]

TO STUDY THE PREVALENCE OF STRESS IN SCHOOL GOING CHILDREN AGED 10-16 YEARS OLDDr. Shilpa Khandare*, Sanjana Chakrabarty, Dr. Preeti Gazbare, Dr. Mayura Deshmukh, Dr.Tanpreet Kaur Bagga and Dr. Tushar Palekar

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11810 ]

USES OF LEAVES IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE IN AURANGABAD DISTRICT(MAHARASHTRA) INDIAI. H. Zahid and *Rafiuddin Naser

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11817 ]

OPTIMIZATION STUDIES ON ALPHA AMYLASE PRODUCTION BY BACILLUSLICHENIFORMIS DS3 AND BACILLUS SUBTILIS DS7 USING SUBMERGEDFERMENTATIOND. Silpa, P. Brahmaji Rao* and G. Kranthi Kumar

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11818 ]

SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC AND RP-HPLC METHOD DEVELOPMENT ANDVALIDATION OF LEVOFLOXACINKauser Fatema*, Sadhana Shahi, Tauqeer Shaikh and Nityanand Zadbuke

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11821 ]

ACIDIC CHITINASE PRODUCTION BY NEISSERIA SPECIESR. S. Mane*, G. S. Patil and B. R. Choradiya

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11827 ]

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DESTAINING POTENTIAL OF BACTERIAL LIPASE ENZYME ISOLATED FROMPROVIDENCIA RETTGERI INHABITING THE FRESH WATER FISH MYSTUSBLEEKERIN. Deepa, R. Usha, A. Anbarasu, K. Anuanandhi, P. Karnan and K. Elumalai*

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11855 ]

OPTIMIZATION AND EVALUATION OF TELMISARTAN FAST DISSOLVINGTABLETS EMPLOYING STARCH GLUTARATE -A NEW SUPERDISINTEGRANT*A. Bharathi and D. Chandra Sekhar Naik

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11868 ]

DEVELOPMENT OF WHEY BASED PROBIOTIC MANGO BEVERAGELakshmikanth A. V.*, Dr. D. B. Puranik and Soumya Shree T. C.

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11884 ]

PLANT PATHOLOGY: A NEW HORIZONDr. Teena Agrawal*

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11710 ]

ANTICANCER ACTIVITY AND ANTI DIABETIC ACTIVITY OF STREPTOMYCESSPECIES JKCM1*M. Guravaiah

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-12640 ]

SPECIES OF ALTERNARIA WERE REPORTED FIRST TIME FROM HATAIKHEDADAM OF BHOPAL (M.P.)Kusum Lata*, Dr. Aparna Alia, Dr. Pramod Patil, Dr. Ranjana Singh

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-12663 ]

PHYTO ANALYSIS AND COMPARATIVE ESTIMATION OF TFC RAUVOLFIASERPENTINA QUALITY PARAMETERS IN MARKETED AND FOREST SAMPLES.Rahnuma Khan*, Dr. Manish Mishra and Dr. Mukta Shrivastav

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-12664 ]

PHYTO ANALYSIS AND COMPARATIVE ESTIMATION OF TPC IN EMBLICAOFFICINALIS QUALITY PARAMETERS IN MARKETED AND FOREST SAMPLES.Rahnuma Khan*, Dr. Manish Mishra and Dr. Mukta Shrivastav

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-12665 ]

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF WATER OFFIVE LAKES OF BHOPAL, INDIAPranjali Borkar* and Manju Tembhre

ABSTRACT PDF [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-12936 ]

MULTI-CHANNEL MARKETING IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY

*Alpha JangaABSTRACT Article View (15) Article Download (1) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11470 ]

P62 CROSSTALK IN CANCER THROUGH SELECTIVE AUTOPHAGY

Md. Ariful Islam and Pinghu Zhang*ABSTRACT Article View (10) Article Download (4) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11531 ]

THE EARLY INFANTILE EPILEPTIC ENCEPHALOPATHY ASSOCIATED WITH MUTATION INGABRB3 GENE

T.V. Kozhanova*, S.S. Zhilina, T.I. Mescheryakova, E.G. Lukyanova, E.S. Bolshakova, K.V.Osipova,S.O. Ayvazyan and A.G. Prityko

ABSTRACT Article View (26) Article Download (9) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11736 ]

ALGAE IN THE BIOTIC ASSOCIATIONS

*Dr. Teena Agarawal

Review_Article

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ABSTRACT Article View (21) Article Download (6) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11177 ]

DISCOMYCETES OF THE ASCOMYCETES GROUP

*Dr. Teena AgarwalABSTRACT Article View (17) Article Download (5) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11183 ]

ROLE AND OVERVIEW OF DRUG REGULATORY AFFAIRS IN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY WITHIMPLEMENTATION OF CTD AND ECTD

Sonali P. Mahaparale* and Bhakti R. DesaiABSTRACT Article View (17) Article Download (17) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11267 ]

B. RATHINA NAICKER & SONS – ONE OF THE PIONEERS IN SIDDHA LITERATURE PUBLICATION

R. Manickavasagam*, C. Senthamil Rajam and B. PurosothamanABSTRACT Article View (27) Article Download (97) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11384 ]

A REVIEW ON BECKWITH WIEDEMANN SYNDROME

Prajapati Anil*, Urvashi Sharma, Muley Preeti, Malviya Sapna and Kharia AnilABSTRACT Article View (24) Article Download (5) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11421 ]

RECENT ADVANCE IN ANTI-CANCER ACTIVITY OF INDOLE DERIVATIVES

C. Buvana*, R. Suresh, Y. Haribabu and P. K. MannaABSTRACT Article View (23) Article Download (7) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11436 ]

TRANSDERMAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM: A REVIEW

Anchal Sharma*, Rajeev Garg, L. Raju and Sachin GoyalABSTRACT Article View (21) Article Download (8) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11449 ]

DRUG DELIVERY THROUGH NAILS

Patil P. B.*, Gadkari P. N. and Saudagar R. B.ABSTRACT Article View (24) Article Download (6) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11465 ]

A REVIEW ON CURRENT SCIENARIO OF JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS

Rakshith U. R.*, Balaji M. N. and M. RameshABSTRACT Article View (24) Article Download (4) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11468 ]

ROLE OF ICTS IN PROMOTING AND PRESERVING THE TRADITIONAL MEDICINAL KNOWLEDGEIN INDIA

*Dr. K. S. Shanthi Sree, Dr. A. Suvarna Latha, Dr. P. Lakshmi Padmavathi, Prof. D. Bharathi* andProf. K. Nagalakshmamma

ABSTRACT Article View (31) Article Download (13) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11497 ]

DIARRHOEA IN CHILDREN AND ITS AYURVEDIC MANAGEMENT: A REVIEW

Vd. Promila Mohar Singh Thakur* and Vd. V. U. GawaiABSTRACT Article View (28) Article Download (4) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11508 ]

NANOROBOTS A FUTURE DEVICE FOR DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT

Sarath Kumar S.*, Sneha Sabu, Anjana S., Alfiya Ali, Dr. Beena P. Nasim and Dr. Elessy AbrahamABSTRACT Article View (24) Article Download (7) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11521 ]

A REVIEW ON MICROEMULSION BASED GEL: AN INNOVATIVE APPROACH FOR TOPICALDELIVERY OF HYDROPHOBIC DRUG

Heta K. Patel* and Dr. Dhiren P. ShahABSTRACT Article View (24) Article Download (6) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11532 ]

MOUTH DISSOLVING STRIPS: A NOVEL APPROACH FOR DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM

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AbdulKhalique A. Shaikh*, Akshay H. Bhoye, Dr. Dhiren P. Shah and Tejas J. Patel

ABSTRACT Article View (24) Article Download (12) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11533 ]

TRANSDERMAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM: A REVIEW

Akshay H. Bhoye*, AbdulKhalique A. Shaikh, Dr. Dhiren P. Shah and Tejas J. PatelABSTRACT Article View (11) Article Download (7) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11535 ]

A RECENT REVIEW ON INTRANASAL MICROEMULSION: A NOVEL DRUG CARRIER SYSTEM

Halde B. R.*, Darekar A. B. and Saudagar R. B.ABSTRACT Article View (21) Article Download (4) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11546 ]

OVER REVIEW OF NASAL IN SITU GELS

P. Jagadeesh*, P. Jyothi, M. Bhargav, T. S. Nazma, M. Neeraja, N. Pushpalatha, T. Sharath Babu, S.Shamshad and B. Yellasivamma

ABSTRACT Article View (17) Article Download (6) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11551 ]

A REVIEW ON NYCTANTHES ARBORTRISTIS

Madhuri Kumari* V. Bhagyalakshmi, V. Sravanthi, K. Nagajyothi, R. B. Desi Reddy, K. SravanthiABSTRACT Article View (37) Article Download (19) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11554 ]

SKIN AND ACNE RELATED ISSUES AMONG GROWING CHILDREN

Mangwal Ketan, Sharma Pragya and Mishra Dhruv*ABSTRACT Article View (18) Article Download (1) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11555 ]

STUDY ON REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS OF SAFETY REPORT IN US, EUROPE, JAPAN ANDINDIA

Dr. Dilip G. Maheshwari* and Ramprakash G. ParmarABSTRACT Article View (23) Article Download (6) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11558 ]

A REVIEW ON BIOFILM MEDIATED BIOREMEDIATION

Shweta Nakul* and Nisha KanwarABSTRACT Article View (19) Article Download (11) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11572 ]

LARGE SCALE PRODUCTION OF MICRO ALGAE AND EXTRACTION OF BIOOIL BY TRANSESTERIFICATION METHOD

G. Rajkumar and *Dr. J. ThirumagalABSTRACT Article View (28) Article Download (4) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11576 ]

REVIEW ON ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF BENZIMIDAZOLE CONTAINING COMPOUNDS

Gurumeet C. Wadhawa*, Vitthal S. Shivankar, Yashwant A. Gaikwad Charansingh H. Gill andLaxman V. Gavali

ABSTRACT Article View (15) Article Download (2) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11578 ]

SHADA-AGRYA: PRE-EMINENT FACTORS FOR PROTECTION OF THE HEART

Vd. Yadav Varsha Jagannath* and Dr. Madhuri A. PachghareABSTRACT Article View (18) Article Download (5) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11580 ]

PHARMACEUTICO-THERAPEUTIC SAFETY OF SULPHUR (GANDHAKA) W.S.R TO AYURVEDA

Dr. Onkar V. Hanashi*, Dr. Mahantesh B. Rudharapuri and Dr. Vinay MohanABSTRACT Article View (19) Article Download (1) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11583 ]

PHARMACEUTICAL CRIME: A REVIEW

Deepanshu Gupta*, Chandrakanta Kushwah, Ankur Joshi, Sapna Malviya and Anil KhariaABSTRACT Article View (21) Article Download (4) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11611 ]

BIOLOGICAL SYNTHESIS OF COPPER NANOPARTICLES AND THEIR ANTIMICROBIALPROPERTIES: A REVIEW

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Kavita Rathore* and Kanika SharmaABSTRACT Article View (18) Article Download (7) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11620 ]

CONCEPT AND MANAGEMENT OF SCABIES (JARB) IN UNANI SYSTEM OF MEDICINE

Abdul Nasir*, Gazala Fatma and Mohd Akhtar SiddiquiABSTRACT Article View (16) Article Download (7) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11634 ]

BIOSENSORS AND ITS APPLICATIONS

Roshni B. Nair*ABSTRACT Article View (18) Article Download (5) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11638 ]

REVIEW ON HERBAL COSMETICS

Saudagar R. B.* and Sisodiya M. H.ABSTRACT Article View (19) Article Download (11) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11648 ]

CHILDHOOD MENTAL DISORDER AND COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE: A REVIEW STUDY

Dr. Neha Udainiya* and Dr. Nitin SharmaABSTRACT Article View (21) Article Download (7) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11656 ]

EFFECT OF VIRECHANA KARMA AND ORAL AYURVEDIC TREATMENT IN THE MANAGEMENT OFPADASHOTH DUE TO VARIOSE VEINS

*Vd. Sunil A. Bhaskare and Vd. Madhuri S. JadhavABSTRACT Article View (12) Article Download (4) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11665 ]

REVIEW ON PELLETIZATION: TECHNIQUES, CHARACTERIZATION AND APPLICATIONS

Harshada Dattatraya Dalvi*, Dr. Nilesh Khutle, Priyanka Pawar and Abhijeet KunwarpuriyaABSTRACT Article View (23) Article Download (12) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11668 ]

COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF SROTAS IN AYURVEDA AND ITS IMPORTANCE IN SHARIR

Dr. Sona Rani*, Dr. Sunil Kumar Yadav and Dr. Jaivardhan SinghABSTRACT Article View (16) Article Download (4) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11671 ]

A REVIEW ARTICLE ON PATHO-CLINICAL STUDY ON DISORDERS OF MUTRAVAHA SROTAS &TYPES OF MUTRASHMARI

Dr. Ashish Arun Madavi* and Dr. R. H. AmilkanthwarABSTRACT Article View (16) Article Download (5) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11679 ]

BAYLIS-HILLMAN REACTION IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Dandamudi V. Lenin*ABSTRACT Article View (17) Article Download (4) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11688 ]

ROLE OF SADVRITT AND AACHAR RASAYANA IN PSYCHOSOMATIC DISEASES

Shekhawat Suman*, Mishra Pramod Kumar, Soni Anamika, Sharma Brahmanand, Singh BalrajABSTRACT Article View (17) Article Download (3) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11690 ]

DIFFERENT MODALITIES OF PAIN MANAGEMENT IN AYURVEDA:- A REVIEW ARTICLE

*Dr. Mangal Singh, Dr. Chandan Singh, Dr. Jyoti Dhakar, Dr. Surendra Kumar Verma and Dr.Jayanat Nagar

ABSTRACT Article View (18) Article Download (3) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11702 ]

SYNTHESIS OF CHITOSAN-POLYANILINE-TIO2 POLYMER BASED NANO PARTICLES AND THEIRCHARACTERIZATION

R. Ranjith, *Dr. Shameela Rajam and R. PandiyanABSTRACT Article View (24) Article Download (3) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11706 ]

A REVIEW ON SOLID DISPERSIONS

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*Dr. A. Seetha Devi, K. Vasundhara and S. Meraj SultanaABSTRACT Article View (20) Article Download (17) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11718 ]

KAUMARBHRITYA AS A PREVENTIVE PEDIATRICS FOR CHILDHOOD DISEASES

Dr. Dattatrya G. Parde*, Dr. Laxmikant G. Thakare and Dr. Vidya S. IngoleABSTRACT Article View (19) Article Download (13) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11730 ]

APPROACH IN AYURVEDA TO KEEP HEALTHY EYE – PREVENTIVE ASPECTS

Dr. Shailendra Singh*, Dr. Mayank Bhatkoti and Dr. Payal ThakurABSTRACT Article View (21) Article Download (3) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11758 ]

LIFESTYLE DISORDERS AND THEIR PREVENTION THROUGH AYURVEDA

Dr. Ashwini Diliprao Ghuge* and Dr. V. E. GogateABSTRACT Article View (23) Article Download (1) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11779 ]

MANAGEMENT OF PAIN OF OCULAR AND ENT ORIGIN THROUGH AYURVED

*Dr. Radhakrishna Bishwal, Dr. Sanghamitra Samantaray and Dr. Dhanya T.ABSTRACT Article View (27) Article Download (12) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11789 ]

QUANTIFICATION OF IRINOTECAN (CPT-11) AND ITS METABOLITE, SN-38, IN RAT PLASMA ANDBILE SAMPLES: APPLICATION TO PHARMACOKINETIC STUDIES

Ranjan Kumar Singh* and Narsingh RajpootABSTRACT Article View (22) Article Download (1) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11067 ]

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF UV SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHODS FOR THEESTIMATION OF BEDAQUILINE IN BULK AND PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATIONS

B. S. Pooja* and Dr. A Sathish Kumar ShettyABSTRACT Article View (29) Article Download (6) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11139 ]

UREDINALES THE RUST FUNGI

Dr. Teena Agrawal*ABSTRACT Article View (17) Article Download (4) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11198 ]

NIOSOME: A NANO-TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM

Sadhana Noothi*ABSTRACT Article View (20) Article Download (6) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11368 ]

JATAMANSI (NARDOSTACHYA JATAMANSI): A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW

*Dr. Ankita Goyal, Dr. Sudipt Rath and Dr. Sachin MittalABSTRACT Article View (24) Article Download (12) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11654 ]

MECHANISMS OF VANCOMYCIN RESISTANCE IN STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS, ARTICLEREVIEW

Riad A. Dellol*ABSTRACT Article View (19) Article Download (4) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11664 ]

SOLUBILITY ENHANCEMENT OF POORLY WATER SOLUBLE DRUG BY USING VARIOUSSOLUBILITY ENHANCEMENT TECHNIQUES

Priyanka Hanumant Pawar*, Dr. Nilesh Khutle and Harshada DalviABSTRACT Article View (24) Article Download (4) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11676 ]

RADIO-PROTECTIVE POTENTIAL AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF PUDINA. (MENTHA SPP./MINT)

Sadaf Shaikh and Mansi Shah*ABSTRACT Article View (18) Article Download (8) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11709 ]

GARBHAVIJNANA

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Dr. R. R. Chakravarthy Gudipudi*ABSTRACT Article View (15) Article Download (7) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11713 ]

THE ROLE OF VIRECHAN KARMA AND INDIGENOUS DRUG WITH BAKUCHI-TUVRAK OIL IN THEMANAGEMENT OF SHVITRA W.S.R TO VITILIOGO

Dr. Himani Khajuria* and Dr. Monika GuptaABSTRACT Article View (27) Article Download (1) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11725 ]

COLON TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY – A REVIEW ON PRIMARY AND NOVEL APPROACHES

Nehal M. Bhatt* and Rakesh P. PatelABSTRACT Article View (10) Article Download (0) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11728 ]

PHARMACOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF PALASHBEEJADI YOGA AGAINST WORMS INFESTATION

Gupta Shilpy* and Kumar VijendraABSTRACT Article View (21) Article Download (1) [ DOI : 10.20959/wjpr20187-11795 ]

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Case Study

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Short Communication

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SYNTHESIS OF N-4-METHOXYBENZOYL-N'-PHENYLUREA

COMPOUND AND ACTIVITY TEST OF ANTICANCER AGAINST

HeLa CELL LINE

Bambang Tri Purwanto*

Departement of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University.

ABSTRACT

Research in the search for cancer drug compounds continues to be

developed, considering that specific anticancer compound has not been

obtained. Some of the urea derivative compounds are also being

developed in the search for an anti-cancer compound which is potent

with minimal side effects. Related to the explanation above, a urea

derivative, which is N-phenylurea, would like to be developed. It

would be reacted with 4-methoxybenzoyl chloride, thus N-4-

methoxybenzoyl-N'-phenylurea compound would be obtained. The

synthesis of N-4-methoxybenzoyl-N'-phenylurea was carried out by

Schotten-Baumman method that had been modified, and then a test of

purity was done by thin layer chromatography using 3 different kinds of eluent. The next

phase was structure characterization which was carried out by using UV and IR

spectrophotometry, then 1H-NMR spectrometry also MS, so that the structure from N-4-

methoxybenzoyl-N'-phenylurea would be obtained. Anticancer activation test was conducted

on HeLa cell line by using MTT assay, and the value of IC50 would be obtained. The

compound that has been successfully synthesized is N-4-methoxybenzoyl-N'-phenylurea,

with a yield of 51,23%. The purity test of N-4-methoxybenzoyl-N'-phenylurea was done by

thin layer chromatography with 3 different types of eluent (hexane: ethyl acetate: methanol =

2: 3: 1; Hexane: acetone = 4: 2; Hexane: ethyl acetate = 4: 2) one single spot was obtained,

which its value of Rf is different than the original compound, N-phenylurea. While the

melting point of the compound is 158oC, thus it was seen that the compound has been formed

and was different from the original compound, N-phenylurea. Anticancer activation test has

been performed with MTT assay method by using HeLa cell line, the result obtained of IC50

is 6.50 mM more active than hydroxyurea is 170.57 mM as a standard. The conclusion is that

World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research SJIF Impact Factor 8.074

Volume 7, Issue 07, 56-69. Research Article ISSN 2277–7105

Article Received on

06 Feb. 2018,

Revised on 27 Feb. 2018,

Accepted on 20 March 2018

DOI: 10.20959/wjpr20187-11482

*Corresponding Author

Bambang Tri Purwanto

Departement of

Pharmaceutical Chemistry,

Faculty of Pharmacy,

Airlangga University.

Chan_Chan
Highlight
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N-4-methoxybenzoyl-N'phenylurea, have been successfully synthesized and has anticancer

activity.

KEYWORDS: synthesis; N-4-methoxybenzoyl-N'-phenylurea; anticancer activity.

INTRODUCTION

Cancer is one of the diseases which is the main cause of death in developing countries and

also worldwide. From 58 million worldwide death in 2005, there were 7.6 million (13%)

which were caused by cancer. Death which is caused by cancer was expected to increase in

2015 and 11.4 million people in 2030. In Indonesia, cancer became the third largest

contributor to death after heart disease.[1]

Nowadays, the attempt to find new anticancer drug

continue to be done because the old drugs which have long been used gradually become less

effective and there is a tendency of resistance.[2]

Classical anticancer drugs which are used in chemotherapy are a group of the alkylating

compound, antimetabolite, anthracycline antibiotics, plant alkaloids, topoisomerase

inhibitors. The drugs in those groups inhibit the cell division or the synthesis and function of

DNA in some ways. New anticancer drugs do not affect DNA directly, but they affect

specific target molecule which is needed for carcinogenesis and the growth of cancer cells,

known as molecularly targeted therapy.[3]

Anticancer which are included in this group are

tyrosine kinase inhibitors (small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor) and monoclonal

antibodies. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors which have become the anticancer drugs are imatinib,

gefitinib, and erlotinib. Oncologists believe that the target molecule therapy is the future

chemotherapy. Hydroxy Urea (Hydrea®) also used as anticancer has distinctive features that

are able to produce nitric oxide, which is a vasodilator may cause antitumor effects. RNR

inhibition by hydroxy urea possibility for it has an unpaired electron that can extinguish

tyrosine radicals.[4]

Modern drug development is conducted through a long process and also spends great costs

because in the beginning, it was just a trial (trial and error). To minimize the nature of the

trial, the drug designing is performed (drug design), which is developing drugs which

molecular structure and biological activity have been known, based on the reasoning that is

systemic and rational by Quantitative Relationships Structure and Activity method

(QSAR).[5]

In the era of a computer nowadays, the approach of structure and activity

relationship can be performed more quickly and directed by "molecular modeling".[6]

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The first step in drug designing is determining the lead compound which structure will be

modified to obtain the desired activity, to increase the activity or selectivity, or to decrease

the toxicity. After that the modification of the lead compound structure was done. Urea is one

of the lead compounds, which is the parent of many derivatives which are potential as

anticancer. Urea derivative, which is well known as an anticancer drug, is carmustine or

BCNU (bis-chloroethylnitrosourea) and ENU (N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea) which include

alkylating compounds, and hydroxyurea (HU) which works by inhibiting ribonucleotide

reductase enzyme.[7]

ENU can induce mutations and also toxic at the high dose. The structure

of these compounds is shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1. Structure of Carmustine (a), ENU (b), hydroxyurea (c), and N-phenylurea (d)

Siswandono has done the synthesis of a new compound which is derived from benzoylurea

that has activity on the central nervous system in the form of movement disorder in mice.[8]

Susilowati and Diyah reported that N-benzoylurea, N-4-methoxy-benzoylurea, and 2-

chlorobenzoylurea showed a cytotoxic effect based on BST (Brine Shrimp Lethality Test) so

that it is potential as an anticancer.[9]

The cytotoxic activity of those compounds is higher

than hydroxyurea, which has been known as an anticancer drug. Hydroxyurea and its

hydroxamic acid derivatives are reported to work by affecting the specific enzyme target

involved in the cancer development such as histone deacetylase, matrix metalloproteinase

(MMP), and RNR.[10,11]

The cytotoxic activity by Brine Shrimp Test is also indicated of the

cells die, this method is also used to determine the cytotoxic activity of the 11 bases ketone

Schiff and 16 heterocyclic compounds synthesized.[12;13]

Hardjono has made a modification

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Purwanto. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research

of the structure of urea by synthesizing 9 derivatives 1- (benzoyloxy) urea and concluded that

there is a linear relationship between in vitro cytotoxic activity against HeLa cell with the

activity which is predicted to be conducted in silico through molecular modeling. The activity

of cytotoxic derivative 1- (benzoyloxy) urea is higher than hydroxyurea.[14]

In the attempt to get a new anticancer compound, urea structural modifications are done. The

structure of anticancer compounds contains NH-CO-NH moiety, which is a pharmacophoric

group. In some compounds, such pharmacophore is in an aromatic heterocyclic ring or in the

nonaromatic heterocyclic ring, as -NH or -N-.[15]

By maintaining pharmacophore -NH-CO-

NH- and also adding an alkyl group in form of ethyl and an aromatic group, N-phenylurea

derivative compound will be made (figure 2).

For the optimization of anticancer activity, modification of the structure of phenylurea

compound based on the change of the nature of lipophilic, steric and compound electronic is

done. The modification of lipophilic and electronic properties is done based on the Topliss

model[16]

, which is by including the substituent in the benzene ring, which is predicted to

produce compounds with higher activity than the parent compounds. Substituent methyl (-

CH3) will increase the non-polar lipophilic properties, while the electronegative substituents

such as methoxy, chloro, and trifluoromethyl will change the electronic properties of

compounds. The modification of steric properties results from the change in the size of

benzoyl group which has been substituted.[17]

Compound and N-phenylurea derivatives can

be synthesized through the reaction between N-phenylurea compound with benzoyl chloride

based on Schotten-Baumann method.[18]

Figure 2. Structure of Imatinib (a), N-benzoylurea (b), and N-phenylurea (c)

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To test the anticancer activity, the determination of cell growth inhibition activity by in vitro

is done.[19]

Tumor cell culture which is used is cervical carcinoma cell (HeLa cells). The

activity of cell growth inhibition is expressed in IC50, namely the concentration of drug that

can result in the death of 50% of tumor cells.[20]

From this research, a new compound which is derived from N-phenylurea which can be used

as an anticancer drug will be obtained.

RESEARCH METHOD

Materials

The materials for synthesis and physicochemical analysis have grades of pro analysis: N-

phenylurea, pyridine, various organic solvents (acetone, ethyl acetate, n-hexane, chloroform,

ethanol, and methanol), Kieselgel 60 F254, DMSO-d6. And were purchased from the Sigma

Aldrich and E.Merck.

The materials for the anticancer activation test: synthesized compound, HeLa cell culture,

Culture Media DMEM, DMSO solution, phosphate buffer saline (PBS), MTT (3- (4,5-

dimetiltiazol-2-il) -2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide), SDS 10% in 0.1 N HCl.

Tools

The tools used for the synthesis and structural analysis of compounds: glassware in the

laboratory, Spectrophotometer UV-vis Shimadzu HP, 8452 A, Spectrophotometer Jasco FT-

IR 5300, Spectrometers, 1H-NMR Hitachi R-1900, Electrothermal Mel-Temp, Corning Hot

Plate P 351, Analytical balance Shimadzu LM-20. The tools for cytotoxic test: Micropipette

200, 1000 μL and tip, test tube, microplate, conical tube, ELISA-Reader.

Synthesis procedure of N-phenylurea derivate

In a round bottom flask of 200 ml, 0.03 mol of N-phenylurea is mixed with 40 ml of

tetrahydrofuran and 4 ml of pyridine. At a temperature of 5º C, 4-methoxybenzoyl chloride

derivative solution of 0.01 mol is added to 20 ml of tetrahydrofuran, bit by bit while stirred

with a magnetic stirrer. After the benzoyl chloride derivative solution is out, the mixture is

refluxed and stirred for 3 hours.

After the reaction is stopped, tetrahydrofuran is evaporated on a rotavapor (rotary

evaporator). On the result of the reaction, saturated sodium bicarbonate solution is added

while stirring until there is no air bubble (foam). The result is filtered through a Buchner

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funnel, the solids are washed with 50 ml of water 2 times, then they are washed with 10 ml of

ethanol two times.

Recrystallization is done by dissolving the solids with ethanol as necessary while it is stirred

above the heater (hot plate). The solution is filtered in hot condition, the filtrate is left at room

temperature until it is cool and then left it for a night. A crystal which is formed is filtered

through a Buchner funnel, and then it is washed with 10 ml of ethanol two times. Depending

on the synthesized compounds obtained, recrystallization can be done with another solvent

which is suitable, such as acetone-water. A crystal which is formed is moved into a petri dish,

and then it is dried in an oven.

Purity Test and Compound Structure Identification

The purity test of the synthesized compounds is done by thin layer chromatography, through

stationary phase Silica gel GF254 plate aluminum E. Merck and UV lamp stain appeared. A

melting point determination is done by electrothermal melting point apparatus. The

identification of the structure of the synthesized compound is performed by a

spectrophotometer ultra-violet (UV) and infrared (IR), nucleus magnetic resonance

spectrometry (1H-NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS).

[21]

Anticancer Activity Test

Anticancer activity is determined through the cytotoxic test in vitro by using cancer cells

(HeLa cell line) with MTT method. Parent solution from 10 test compounds at the level of

5000 μg/ mL in DMSO solvent. From each of the parent solution, a series of working

standard solution with concentrations of 250, 500, 750, 1000, 2000 μg/ mL are made by

dilution. The standard solution of anticancer drug (hydroxyurea) is also made as a positive

control and solvent blank as a negative control.

The culture of cancer cell and the normal cell is prepared in the form of a cell suspension

with a density of 105-2.10

6. Then the cell is inserted into Microplate wells, each is 100 L,

except the well used as a control media. A total of 0.2 mL of each standard work, positive

control, and negative control, is included in the microplate. For each concentration of the

working standard solution, three replications are made. The microplate is incubated in an

incubator of 5% CO2 for 24 hours at a temperature of 37º C and pH of 7.4 to 7.7. MTT

reagent is prepared for treatment (0.5 mg/ ml) by diluting 1 mL of stock MTT (50 mg MTT

in 10 mL of PBS) with sufficient media.

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After incubation, the cell media is removed, and the cell is washed with PBS. Then, 100 μL

of MTT reagent is added to each well, including media controls (without cells). The plate is

incubated for 2-4 hours in a CO2 incubator. After formazan is formed, 100μL SDS 10% is

added in 0.1 N HCl. The plate is wrapped in aluminum foil and incubated in a dark place at

room temperature for a night. Furthermore, the absorbance of each of the wells is observed

by ELISA reader at 595 nm. The more the number of cells live, the greater the absorbance.

IC50 of the test compound is determined by probit regression analysis. The same procedure is

also performed for normal cells.

RESULT

Synthesis of N-4-methoxybenzoyl-N'-phenylurea

Synthesis result in the form of white needle-shaped crystals with a yield of 51,23 %, it shows

that the method of Schotten-Bauman was the elected method of the synthesis process to

produced the N-4-methoxybenzoyl-N'-phenylurea compound. Identification of the structure

of the active compound N-4-methoxybenzoyl-N'-phenylurea can be seen in the following

analysis.

In the next stage test, thin-layer chromatography on compounds synthesized by using 2

different solvents (n-hexane: acetone = 4:2 and n-hexane: ethyl acetate = 4:2) gave a single

spot with different Rf compound with the N-phenylurea as the parent compound. The above

shows that the desired compounds synthesized have been formed and relatively pure

compounds also have different from the parent compound. At the melting point analysis of

test compound that had been synthesized had a melting point (158oC) and had a difference

with the parent compound which had the melting point (145oC). In this test has proven that

the compound which was synthesized has been formed and has a relative purity because there

were no other impurities in it.

Characterization of the compound

N-4methoxybenzoyl-N'-phenylurea, λ max (nm)(Ethanol) = 252; IR (KBr pellet), 3446 cm-1

(NH secondary), 1685 cm-1

(-CO), 1538 cm-1

(C=C arom); 1-

HNMR (DMSO-d6), 6.90–8, 10,

m, (C6H5), 12.00-13.00, d, (NH); 3.70-4.10, m, (OCH3); MS (EI), 270 (M)+, 151

(CH3O(C6H5)CONH)+

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Anticancer activation test of N-methoxybenzoyl-N'-phenylurea compound and Hidroxy

Urea

After the anticancer test is conducted in N-4-methoxybenzoyl-N'-phenylurea compound and

hydroxyl urea by using MTT assay method, the result can be seen in Figure 1 and 2 below.

Figure 1: The result of anticancer activation test of N-4-methoxybenzoyl-N'-phenylurea

compound.

IC50 = 1757 ug/mL = 6.50 mM

Figure 2: The result of anticancer activation test of hidroxy urea as a standard

compound.

IC50 = 12972 ug/mL = 170.57 mM (Hidroxy urea)

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DISCUSSION

The synthesis of N-4-methoxybenzoyl-N'-phenylurea is carried out by reacting the primary

amine group of N-phenylurea with 4-methoxybenzoyl chloride group of benzoyl chloride.

Several researchers have done some method of reaction between primary amine group with

the derivative of benzoyl chloride. Reksohadiprodjo,1987 and Tjiptasurasa,1991 have done

acylation reaction between the derivative of urea with an acyl chloride, the method used is by

mixing and heating at the temperature of 60 - 80oC.

[22;23] It turns out that the result obtained

has a relatively small yield (9-31%), this can be due to the lack of contact between the

compounds because there are no solvent media which is used. The method above is used by

researchers because urea derivative has different solubility properties with acyl chloride

derivative. Urea derivative is a compound that is water soluble, while the derivative of acyl

chloride is not water soluble. On the implementation of acylation reaction, water is avoided

because the presence of water can react with benzoyl chloride derivatives and it will form

benzoic acid. Alcohol solvent also should not be used because it will form ester compound if

it is reacted with benzoyl chloride derivative. In the acylation reaction, benzoyl chloride

derivative can react quickly and perfectly with primary, secondary, or tertiary amine

compounds in the use of pyridine solvent and gives the percentage of result which is

relatively good.[24]

In the acylation reaction between urea compound with a derivative of acyl chloride,

theoretically both primary amine groups can react with the derivative of acyl chloride, but the

result of research that has been done by Reksohadiprodjo, 1987 and Tjiptasurasa, 1991 shows

that only one primary amine group of urea compound reacts with acyl chloride derivative.

This is due to the influence of the space obstacle of aromatic nucleus so that it will interfere

the next reaction. In the acylation reaction, HCl will be released. It can interfere the process

of the reaction because the amide group which is formed will be parsed back, therefore it can

be overcome with the addition of 2 equivalents of the amine compound. Another way to

overcome the problems above is by neutralizing HCl which is formed by adding a strong base

such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide solution. The reaction between amine

compound with acyl chloride using organic solvent is known as Schotten-Baumann

reaction.[18;24]

Bambang Soekardjo (1989) has conducted the acylation reaction between ampicillin and

benzoyl chloride derivative. Ampicillin, which has a primary amine group, will react with

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Purwanto. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research

benzoyl group and formed the amide compound. The reaction solvent used is tetrahydrofuran,

which is an inert solvent.[25]

The same thing was done by Bambang Tri Purwanto (1991), who has succeeded in doing the

formation reaction of p-bromobenzoylampicillin by reacting ampicillin with p-

bromobenzoylchloride by using the reaction solvent of tetrahydrofuran.[26]

Siswandono (1999) has conducted the acylation reaction between urea compound and a

derivative of benzoyl chloride. It turns out that this reaction found a difficulty because urea

compound is dissolved in polar solvents, while derivative of benzoyl chloride is dissolved in

a nonpolar solvent. Therefore, the tetrahydrofuran solvent is used, that will form the

suspension with urea compound, which is then reacted with a derivative of benzoyl chloride

which is dissolved in tetrahydrofuran as well.[27]

Suzana (2004) has conducted a formation reaction of benzoylthiourea compound, which is

reacting urea with thiocyanate compound to form a new thiourea, which is then reacted with

benzoyl chloride derivative.[28]

Another researcher, Dini (2005), has successfully performed the formation reaction of the

benzoylthiourea derivative by reacting thiourea with benzoyl chloride derivative by using

tetrahydrofuran reaction solvent.[29]

On the formation of N-4-methoxybenzoyl-N'-phenylurea, the reaction is also carried out by

reacting N-phenylurea compound with 4-methoxybenzoyl chloride by using tetrahydrofuran

reaction solvent, and it is refluxed for 8 hours. After the reaction is finished, then saturated

sodium carbonate solution is added to neutralize HCl and benzoic acid derivative which is

formed. The next step is washing it with water to remove the remnants of the existing HCl

salt, and then it is washed with methanol to remove the residue of benzoyl chloride derivative

or its hydrolysis result, which is benzoic acid derivative. The next stage is doing

recrystallization with hot methanol because N-4-methoxybenzoyl-N'-phenylurea derivatively

is soluble in hot methanol but it is not soluble in cold condition. In general, the

recrystallization result of N-4-methoxybenzoyl-N'-phenylurea derivative is in the form of

small shiny white needle crystal or shiny pieces.

The purity of compounds which are the result of synthesis that have been formed then is

tested by thin layer chromatography (KLT) by using three mobile phases, namely a mixture

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of hexane: ethyl acetate: methanol (2: 3: 1), a mixture of hexane: acetone (4: 2) and hexane:

ethyl acetate (4: 2). The result of KLT shows that at various mobile phases used above, there

is only one stain. This means that the compound which is the result of synthesis might be a

single compound.

The next stage is to test the purity by determining the melting range of the compounds which

are the result of synthesis. The result of melting range determination of compounds which are

the result of synthesis shows that the melting range is relatively small, which is around two

degrees Celsius. It means that the compounds which are the result of synthesis are pure.

Structure identification of N-4-methoxybenzoyl-N'-phenylurea compound

In determining the wavelength of N-4-methoxybenzoyl-N'-phenylurea by using UV

spectrophotometer, it can be seen that the compounds which are the result of synthesis show

two maximum wavelengths, which are 252 nm. The compounds which are the result of

synthesis is estimated to have a conjugated double bond chromophore group or aromatic

system and auxochrome group. From the UV spectra, there is also seen a shift in the

maximum wavelength. N-phenylurea reagent shows two wavelengths, which are 204 nm and

238 nm, while the compounds which are the result of synthesis also show two maximum

wavelengths, which are 252 nm. It shows that there is the addition of chromophore group in

the benzoyl structure so that it can be said that the acylation reaction between N-phenylurea

and 4-methoxybenzoyl chloride has been going as expected.

In the IR spectrum of N-4-methoxybenzoyl-N'-phenylurea it can be seen that there is a band

in the area of 3446 cm-1

which indicates the secondary amine group of aromatic amine

compounds. It is also supported by 1H-NMR spectra with two sharp bands in the area of

12.00 and 13. 00 ppm, which indicate that there is 1 atom of H singlet from secondary amine

group (group CONH). Two carbonyl groups are seen in IR spectrum at wave numbers of

1685 and 1603 cm-1

, while for the group -C=C- can be seen in wave numbers of 1538 and

1515 cm-1

. This is strengthened by a 1H-NMR spectrum that shows the multiplicity of 10 H

atoms from two aromatic nuclei in the chemical shift from 6.90 to 8.10 ppm.

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Purwanto. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research

From the analysis of the spectra above, it can be concluded that the compound is N-4-

methoxybenzoyl-N'-phenylurea with chemical structural formula as follows.

From the data of anticancer activity against Hella cell line at the table and IC50 form the N-4-

methoxybenzoyl-N'-phenylurea is 6.50 mM, it can be seen that the test compounds can cause

the death of 50% of cancer cells at the level of approximately 1000 to 2000 g/ mL. While

the hydroxy urea as a standard has IC50 170.57 mM.

CONCLUSION

1. N-4-methoxybenzoyl-N'-phenylurea compound has been successfully synthesized, and it

shows the difference between one compound and the parent compound of N-phenylurea

in the purity test by thin layer chromatography and also melting range test.

2. N-4-methoxybenzoyl-N'-phenylurea compound has anti-cancer activity against HeLa cell

and higher than a standard hidroxyurea.

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