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7 Blending Principles 1Student‐Faculty Interac on and … · Blending Principles...

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7 Blending Principles Student‐Faculty Interac0on and Rela0ons Goals: Social presence, approachable, real and human, aware and caring giving a=en0on, informal interac0on, encouraging expression, construc0ve feedback, warm and personable Methods: Profile pages with pictures, discussions with pictures, audio/video introduc0ons, audio/video feedback, video conference office hours, narrated mini‐lectures 1 Student Collabora0on and Peer Feedback Goals: Social presence, coopera0on and helpfulness, learning community, informal conversa0on, peer review & feedback, sum greater than parts, mo0va0on & inspira0on, par0cipa0on & teamwork, collec0ve knowledge Methods: Web collabora0on team mee0ngs, social networking, informal conversa0on, peer assistance, conversa0onal debate, social bookmarking, collec0ve note‐taking 2 Respect for Diverse Talents and Learning Styles Goals: Choices and flexibility, variety of sources, tapping diverse strengths, diversifying teams, use of mul0ple media, tailored resources, varia0on of ac0vi0es, learning from differences Methods: Alternate blended modali0es, choices in assignments, materials in different media, personal inventories for team forma0on, facilitate student blogging, stage debates for varying perspec0ves, learning contracts, broad guidelines for flexibility, peer instruc0on 3 Ac0ve and Experien0al Learning Goals: Social and intellectual engagement, inquiry and discovery, challenge and scaffolding, knowledge construc0on, real‐world problem solving, doing and reflec0on, role assump0ons, mentoring and appren0ceship, meaning making Methods: Scenario and role playing, case analysis facilita0on, concept polling, peer instruc0on, interac0ve case warm‐ups, peer cri0que & feedback, Skype buddies, student narrated presenta0ons, online simula0ons, structured controversies, personal reflec0ons and takeaways 4 At‐a‐Glance
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7BlendingPrinciples

Student‐FacultyInterac0onandRela0onsGoals:Socialpresence,approachable,realandhuman,awareandcaringgivinga=en0on,informalinterac0on,encouragingexpression,construc0vefeedback,warmandpersonableMethods:Profilepageswithpictures,discussionswithpictures,audio/videointroduc0ons,audio/videofeedback,videoconferenceofficehours,narratedmini‐lectures

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StudentCollabora0onandPeerFeedbackGoals:Socialpresence,coopera0onandhelpfulness,learningcommunity,informalconversa0on,peerreview&feedback,sumgreaterthanparts,mo0va0on&inspira0on,par0cipa0on&teamwork,collec0veknowledgeMethods:Webcollabora0onteammee0ngs,socialnetworking,informalconversa0on,peerassistance,conversa0onaldebate,socialbookmarking,collec0venote‐taking

2

RespectforDiverseTalentsandLearningStylesGoals:Choicesandflexibility,varietyofsources,tappingdiversestrengths,diversifyingteams,useofmul0plemedia,tailoredresources,varia0onofac0vi0es,learningfromdifferencesMethods:Alternateblendedmodali0es,choicesinassignments,materialsindifferentmedia,personalinventoriesforteamforma0on,facilitatestudentblogging,stagedebatesforvaryingperspec0ves,learningcontracts,broadguidelinesforflexibility,peerinstruc0on

3

Ac0veandExperien0alLearningGoals:Socialandintellectualengagement,inquiryanddiscovery,challengeandscaffolding,knowledgeconstruc0on,real‐worldproblemsolving,doingandreflec0on,roleassump0ons,mentoringandappren0ceship,meaningmakingMethods:Scenarioandroleplaying,caseanalysisfacilita0on,conceptpolling,peerinstruc0on,interac0vecasewarm‐ups,peercri0que&feedback,Skypebuddies,studentnarratedpresenta0ons,onlinesimula0ons,structuredcontroversies,personalreflec0onsandtakeaways

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PromptandSpecificFeedbackGoals:Focusingthelearning,guidingstudentwork,mo0va0ngandinspiring,observingprogress,amplifyinggoodprac0ces,derailingmisconcep0ons,buildingconfidence,evalua0veassessment,measuringcompetency,forma0veassessment,two‐wayfeedbackforteachingimprovementMethods:Auto‐gradedprac0ceexams,lowstakesquizzes,videoofexemplarproblemsets,peerreviewandfeedback,onlinecasewarmups,videoconferenceofficehours,audiocommentsonwork,anonymoussurveys,midtermevalua0ons

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ConcreteandHighExpecta0onsGoals:Suppor0ngachallenge,mo0va0onandinspira0on,real‐worldstandards,providingroadmaps,markingprogress,enhancingprofessionalism,definingrangeofacceptabilityandexamplar,substan0a0ngassessmentsMethods:Rubricsdelinea0nglevelsofqualityandexpecta0ons,pos0ngexemplarworksforreview,publiclypraisingexemplarwork,no0ngtypicalpiRallstoavoid,rewardrevisedwork,peerconstruc0vefeedback,repeatedknowledgesurveys,shortcommentsencouragingdeeperanalysis

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AllocatedTimeonTaskGoals:Effec0ve0memanagement,pacedeffortandlearning,maintainoverallflowandpacing,fostergroupcohesion,assureproper0meandeffort,avoidprocras0na0onandstress,reducewasted0meandeffort,allowincuba0onperiod,modelgoodplanning,efficientandeffec0veuseof0meMethods:Tradingcommute0mefor0meontask,narratedmini‐lecturesonline,deadlineclarityandreminders,breakassignmentsintosmallmodules,pacewithstageddeadlinesandfeedback,seekmid‐assignmentprogressposts,setdraSdeadlines,facilitatepeerreviewofdraSs,setrubricstoaidself‐assessment,regularlyscheduledcheck‐insonline

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Face‐to‐FaceIdeallySuitedfor:Establishingrela0onships,fosteringpersonalreport,establishingclassnorms,team‐buildingac0vi0es,integra0nglargeandsmallgroups,addressingdelicatema=ers,proctoringexams

14ModaliCes

Real‐0meRemoteIdeallySuitedfor:Reducingcommute0me,teamcollabora0on,peer‐to‐peerinstruc0on,conferringone‐on‐one,integra0ngguestspeakers,onlinegroupac0vi0es,conduc0ngclasswhiletraveling

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AsynchronousIdeallySuitedfor:Reducingcommute0me,studentreviewofmini‐lectures,0meintensiveac0vi0esandassignments,deepengagementwithcoursematerialsandcontent,peerreviewandfeedback,createandviewstudentonlinepresenta0ons,take‐homequizzes,prac0ceexams,teamprojectwork

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Mul0‐CampusIdeallySuitedfor:Reducingcommute0me,enhancedenrollments,programma0cflexibility,groupac0vi0esandprojects,integratedguestspeakers,recordclasssessions

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Access,Convenience,andFlexibilitySuccessin:

Course availability & scheduleMinimal driving requirementsFlexibility in class meeting timeMeeting with team outside classEasy access to course materialsRecorded content from in-classAccess to professor & classmates

15SuccessFactors

LearningEffec0venessSuccessin:

Meeting learning objectivesMeaningful interactions with prof & studentsOpportunities to interact with industry expertsEffective collaboration with teammatesMeaningful engagement with course contentSufficient time to dedicate to tasksTimely and meaningful feedback on workAppropriate assessments based on clear standardsExperiential activities giving meaning to key conceptsDiverse activities for diverse talents and learning

2

StudentSa0sfac0onSuccessin:

Effective and relevant learning opportunitiesEasy and affordable access to e-learning toolsOngoing and effective technical supportEasy learning curve and effective trainingAdequate orientation to blended learning formatEfficient management of workload, schedule, & timeInvolvement in meaningful learning communityEasy and affordable access to services & materials

3

FacultySa0sfac0onSuccessin:

Effective and relevant learning opportunitiesEasy and affordable access to e-learning toolsOngoing and effective technical supportEasy learning curve and effective trainingEfficient management of workload, schedule, & timeMeaningful collegial exchangesEasy and affordable access to services & materialsAssurance of administrative supportOpportunities for new researchFurther opportunities for professional developmentOpportunities for reward and recognition

4

ScalabilityandSustainabilitySuccessin:

Effective repurposing of developed materialsEffective sharing of developed materials and methodsReplicable innovation Balance of workloads and value-added benefitsEnhancement of quality alongside quantityCapacity building within departments and programsAssured resource allocation over time

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YourTeachingMethods

Modality

Faculty‐StudentInteracC

onPeer

CollaboraCon

DiverseTalents&Learning

AcCve

LearningProm

ptFeedback

Clear&High

ExpectaCons

Allocate

TimeonTask

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YourTeachingMethods

Face‐to‐Face

RealCme

Remote

Asynchronous

MulC

‐CA

mpus

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ConceptualclarificaConquesConsques0onsthatgetstudentstothinkaboutconceptsbehindtheirarguments,for

example,Whyareyousayingthat?Whatexactlydoesthismean?Howdoesthisrelatetowhatwehavebeentalkingabout?Canyougivemeanexample?

ProbingassumpConsques0onsthatgetstudentstothinkaboutthebeliefsthattheybasetheirarguments

on,forexample,Whatelsecouldweassume?Howdidyouchoosethoseassump0ons?Howcanyouverifyordisprovethatassump0on?Whatwouldhappenif?

ProbingraConale,reasons,andevidenceques0onsthatgetstudentstothinkaboutthesupportfortheirarguments,for

example,Whyisthathappening?Howdoyouknowthis?Canyougivemeanexample?Whatdoyouthinkcauses…?Onwhatauthorityareyoubasingyourargument?

QuesConingviewpointsandperspecCvesques0onsthatgetstudentstoconsiderotherviewpoints,forexample,Whataresome

alternatewaysoflookingatthis?Whobenefitsfromthis?Howarexandysimilar?

ProbeimplicaConsandconsequencesques0onsthatgetstudentstothinkaboutthewhatfollowsfromtheirarguments,for

example,Thenwhatwouldhappen?Whataretheconsequencesofthatassump0on?

QuesConsaboutthequesConques0onsthatturntheques0oninonitself,forexample,Whatwasthepointofasking

thatques0on?WhydoyouthinkIaskedthisques0on?

PredicCngoutcomes“Describedemonstra0onsorproblemsetsandhavestudentspredicttheoutcomesand

thendescribe(orifpossible,carryout)thedemonstra0onsorproblemsetandshowtheactualoutcomes.”(p.281)Itisbeneficialwhenstudentsmakeincorrectpredic0ons.Iftheyaredirectlyconfrontedwithwrongmentalpictures,theywillbeverymo0vatedtomakecorrec0onsandlearntherightperspec0veontheproblem.

InterpreCngandmodelingphenomenaIntheseproblems,studentsareprovidedwithdatafromarealorahypothe0calcase,

andthentheyareaskedtousecourseconceptstoexplaintheresults.

GeneraCngideasandbrainstormingTheideahereistouseopen‐endedexercisestodisconnectstudentsfromtheirbelief

thateveryproblemhasonerightanswer.Forexample,ateachermightpresentstudentswithapar0cularcaseepisodeorproblemsetandhavethembrainstormasmanypossibleflawsandfailuresastheycanthinkof.Noanswerisconsideredwrongduringthebrainstormingprocess.

IdenCfyingproblemsandtroubleshooCngDescribeaproduct,service,process,orsystemthatisnotworkingeffec0vely,andask

studentstospeculateonthepossiblecausesoftheproblem.Theymightalsobeaskedtodeviseteststhatwouldconfirmorrefutetheirsupposi0ons.

FormulaCngproceduresforsolvingcomplexproblemsInthissitua0on,studentsaregiven“incompletelyspecifiedproblems.”Theystartby

itemizingwhattheyknow.Nexttheylistwhattheyneedtoknow,andfinallystudentsexplorehowtheywilldeterminethoseunknowns.Forexample,wouldtheylookuptheunknowns?Calculatethem?Measurethem?Es0matethemfromempiricalcorrela0ons?Userulesofthumb?

FormulaCngproblemsRatherthanalwaysgivingstudentstheproblems,turnthetables.Havestudentslook

atpreviouscoursecontentfromadesignated0meperiod(forexample,oneweek,threeweeks)andmakeuptheproblemsthattheythenalsosolve.Challengestudents(maybebygivingmorecredit)tocomeupwithproblemsthatrequirecomplexanalysis,cri0calexamina0on,orcrea0vethinking.

MakingjudgmentsanddecisionsandjusCfyingthem“Callonstudentstomakeandsupportjudgmentsonambiguousorcontroversial

ma=ers.”Thepointhereisnottheconclusionpersebutthequalityoftheevidenceandreasoningmusteredtosupporttheirposi0on.Inordertodothis,studentsmustbetaughttoevaluateevidenceintermsofitsreliabilityandvalidity.

GuidelinesforStudentPosCngs:• QuanCty:makeyourcontribu0onasinforma0veasisrequired,butnotmore,orless,

thanisrequired.• Quality:donotsaythatwhichyoubelievetobefalseorforwhichyoulackevidence.• RelaCon:berelevant.• Manner:avoidambiguityandobscurity;beclear,brief,andorderly.

YammerDiscussionQuesConTypes

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ConceptualclarificaConquesConsques0onsthatgetstudentstothinkaboutconceptsbehindtheirarguments,for

example,Whyareyousayingthat?Whatexactlydoesthismean?Howdoesthisrelatetowhatwehavebeentalkingabout?Canyougivemeanexample?

ProbingassumpConsques0onsthatgetstudentstothinkaboutthebeliefsthattheybasetheirarguments

on,forexample,Whatelsecouldweassume?Howdidyouchoosethoseassump0ons?Howcanyouverifyordisprovethatassump0on?Whatwouldhappenif?

ProbingraConale,reasons,andevidenceques0onsthatgetstudentstothinkaboutthesupportfortheirarguments,for

example,Whyisthathappening?Howdoyouknowthis?Canyougivemeanexample?Whatdoyouthinkcauses…?Onwhatauthorityareyoubasingyourargument?

QuesConingviewpointsandperspecCvesques0onsthatgetstudentstoconsiderotherviewpoints,forexample,Whataresome

alternatewaysoflookingatthis?Whobenefitsfromthis?Howarexandysimilar?

ProbeimplicaConsandconsequencesques0onsthatgetstudentstothinkaboutthewhatfollowsfromtheirarguments,for

example,Thenwhatwouldhappen?Whataretheconsequencesofthatassump0on?

QuesConsaboutthequesConques0onsthatturntheques0oninonitself,forexample,Whatwasthepointofasking

thatques0on?WhydoyouthinkIaskedthisques0on?

PredicCngoutcomes“Describedemonstra0onsorproblemsetsandhavestudentspredicttheoutcomesand

thendescribe(orifpossible,carryout)thedemonstra0onsorproblemsetandshowtheactualoutcomes.”(p.281)Itisbeneficialwhenstudentsmakeincorrectpredic0ons.Iftheyaredirectlyconfrontedwithwrongmentalpictures,theywillbeverymo0vatedtomakecorrec0onsandlearntherightperspec0veontheproblem.

InterpreCngandmodelingphenomenaIntheseproblems,studentsareprovidedwithdatafromarealorahypothe0calcase,

andthentheyareaskedtousecourseconceptstoexplaintheresults.

GeneraCngideasandbrainstormingTheideahereistouseopen‐endedexercisestodisconnectstudentsfromtheirbelief

thateveryproblemhasonerightanswer.Forexample,ateachermightpresentstudentswithapar0cularcaseepisodeorproblemsetandhavethembrainstormasmanypossibleflawsandfailuresastheycanthinkof.Noanswerisconsideredwrongduringthebrainstormingprocess.

IdenCfyingproblemsandtroubleshooCngDescribeaproduct,service,process,orsystemthatisnotworkingeffec0vely,andask

studentstospeculateonthepossiblecausesoftheproblem.Theymightalsobeaskedtodeviseteststhatwouldconfirmorrefutetheirsupposi0ons.

FormulaCngproceduresforsolvingcomplexproblemsInthissitua0on,studentsaregiven“incompletelyspecifiedproblems.”Theystartby

itemizingwhattheyknow.Nexttheylistwhattheyneedtoknow,andfinallystudentsexplorehowtheywilldeterminethoseunknowns.Forexample,wouldtheylookuptheunknowns?Calculatethem?Measurethem?Es0matethemfromempiricalcorrela0ons?Userulesofthumb?

FormulaCngproblemsRatherthanalwaysgivingstudentstheproblems,turnthetables.Havestudentslook

atpreviouscoursecontentfromadesignated0meperiod(forexample,oneweek,threeweeks)andmakeuptheproblemsthattheythenalsosolve.Challengestudents(maybebygivingmorecredit)tocomeupwithproblemsthatrequirecomplexanalysis,cri0calexamina0on,orcrea0vethinking.

MakingjudgmentsanddecisionsandjusCfyingthem“Callonstudentstomakeandsupportjudgmentsonambiguousorcontroversial

ma=ers.”Thepointhereisnottheconclusionpersebutthequalityoftheevidenceandreasoningmusteredtosupporttheirposi0on.Inordertodothis,studentsmustbetaughttoevaluateevidenceintermsofitsreliabilityandvalidity.

GuidelinesforStudentPosCngs:• QuanCty:makeyourcontribu0onasinforma0veasisrequired,butnotmore,orless,

thanisrequired.• Quality:donotsaythatwhichyoubelievetobefalseorforwhichyoulackevidence.• RelaCon:berelevant.• Manner:avoidambiguityandobscurity;beclear,brief,andorderly.

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YammerDiscussionQuesConTypes

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