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7-Blood Supply of the CNS · •Motor & somatosensory cortex (lower limb & perineum) •Corpus...

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Blood Supply of the CNS
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Page 1: 7-Blood Supply of the CNS · •Motor & somatosensory cortex (lower limb & perineum) •Corpus callosum (except‐splenium) •Olfactory bulb & tract •Recurrent artery of Heubnar

Blood Supply of the CNS

Page 2: 7-Blood Supply of the CNS · •Motor & somatosensory cortex (lower limb & perineum) •Corpus callosum (except‐splenium) •Olfactory bulb & tract •Recurrent artery of Heubnar

Lecture Objectives

• Describe the four arteries supplying the CNS.• Follow up each artery to its destination. • Describe the circle of Willis and its branches.• Discuss the principle of end artery type of circulation.• Describe venous drainage of the brain.

Page 3: 7-Blood Supply of the CNS · •Motor & somatosensory cortex (lower limb & perineum) •Corpus callosum (except‐splenium) •Olfactory bulb & tract •Recurrent artery of Heubnar

Vertebral Artery• Branch of the 1st part of the subclavian a.

• Ascends the neck through the upper sex transverse vertebrae

• Inters the skull through foramen magnum

• Both sides unit to form the basilar a.

Page 4: 7-Blood Supply of the CNS · •Motor & somatosensory cortex (lower limb & perineum) •Corpus callosum (except‐splenium) •Olfactory bulb & tract •Recurrent artery of Heubnar

Vertebral Artery

• Branches• Meningeal aa.• Anterior spinal a. • Posterior spinal aa.• Posterior inferior cerebellar a.• Medullary aa.

Page 5: 7-Blood Supply of the CNS · •Motor & somatosensory cortex (lower limb & perineum) •Corpus callosum (except‐splenium) •Olfactory bulb & tract •Recurrent artery of Heubnar

Basilar Artery

• Ascend in front of pons • Participate in forming circle of Willis

• Branches • Anterior inferior cerebellar aa.• Pontine aa.• Superior cerebellar aa.• Posterior cerebral aa. (end branches)• Inferior & posterior parts of cerebrum

Page 6: 7-Blood Supply of the CNS · •Motor & somatosensory cortex (lower limb & perineum) •Corpus callosum (except‐splenium) •Olfactory bulb & tract •Recurrent artery of Heubnar

Blood Supply to CortexCircle of Willis

Page 7: 7-Blood Supply of the CNS · •Motor & somatosensory cortex (lower limb & perineum) •Corpus callosum (except‐splenium) •Olfactory bulb & tract •Recurrent artery of Heubnar

Blood Supply to CortexVascular Territories

Page 8: 7-Blood Supply of the CNS · •Motor & somatosensory cortex (lower limb & perineum) •Corpus callosum (except‐splenium) •Olfactory bulb & tract •Recurrent artery of Heubnar

Blood Supply to CortexVascular Territories

Page 9: 7-Blood Supply of the CNS · •Motor & somatosensory cortex (lower limb & perineum) •Corpus callosum (except‐splenium) •Olfactory bulb & tract •Recurrent artery of Heubnar

Blood Supply to CortexVascular Territories

Page 10: 7-Blood Supply of the CNS · •Motor & somatosensory cortex (lower limb & perineum) •Corpus callosum (except‐splenium) •Olfactory bulb & tract •Recurrent artery of Heubnar

Blood Supply to Deep Structures

Page 11: 7-Blood Supply of the CNS · •Motor & somatosensory cortex (lower limb & perineum) •Corpus callosum (except‐splenium) •Olfactory bulb & tract •Recurrent artery of Heubnar

Internal Carotid Artery

• Ophthalmic a.• Posterior communicating a.• Anterior choroidal a.• Anterior cerebral a.• Middle cerebral a. 

Page 12: 7-Blood Supply of the CNS · •Motor & somatosensory cortex (lower limb & perineum) •Corpus callosum (except‐splenium) •Olfactory bulb & tract •Recurrent artery of Heubnar

Middle Cerebral Artery

• Language areas (left MCA in most people)• Motor & somatosensory cortex (except‐ lower limb & perineum)• Auditory cortex• Lenticulostriate arteries‐ basal gangila & internal capsule (genu)

Page 13: 7-Blood Supply of the CNS · •Motor & somatosensory cortex (lower limb & perineum) •Corpus callosum (except‐splenium) •Olfactory bulb & tract •Recurrent artery of Heubnar

Middle Cerebral Artery

Page 14: 7-Blood Supply of the CNS · •Motor & somatosensory cortex (lower limb & perineum) •Corpus callosum (except‐splenium) •Olfactory bulb & tract •Recurrent artery of Heubnar

Middle Cerebral Artery

Page 15: 7-Blood Supply of the CNS · •Motor & somatosensory cortex (lower limb & perineum) •Corpus callosum (except‐splenium) •Olfactory bulb & tract •Recurrent artery of Heubnar

Anterior Choroidal Artery

• Hippocampus, uncus & amygdala• Choroid plexus (temporal horn of lateral ventricle• Globus pallidus, putamen, part of thalamus• Internal capsule (posterior limb)

Page 16: 7-Blood Supply of the CNS · •Motor & somatosensory cortex (lower limb & perineum) •Corpus callosum (except‐splenium) •Olfactory bulb & tract •Recurrent artery of Heubnar

Anterior Choroidal Artery

Page 17: 7-Blood Supply of the CNS · •Motor & somatosensory cortex (lower limb & perineum) •Corpus callosum (except‐splenium) •Olfactory bulb & tract •Recurrent artery of Heubnar

Anterior Cerebral Artery

• Motor & somatosensory cortex (lower limb & perineum)• Corpus callosum (except‐ splenium)• Olfactory bulb & tract• Recurrent artery of Heubnar

• Head of caudate (ventral part) and adjacent putamen• Internal capsule (anterior limb)

Page 18: 7-Blood Supply of the CNS · •Motor & somatosensory cortex (lower limb & perineum) •Corpus callosum (except‐splenium) •Olfactory bulb & tract •Recurrent artery of Heubnar

Anterior Cerebral Artery

Page 19: 7-Blood Supply of the CNS · •Motor & somatosensory cortex (lower limb & perineum) •Corpus callosum (except‐splenium) •Olfactory bulb & tract •Recurrent artery of Heubnar

Posterior Cerebral Artery

• Hippocampus• Parahippocampal gyrus• Calcarine branch‐ all primary & some association cortex for vision• Posterior choroidal artery

• Choroid plexus (lateral & 3rd ventricles)• Thalamus (posterior part)• Fornix• Tectum

Page 20: 7-Blood Supply of the CNS · •Motor & somatosensory cortex (lower limb & perineum) •Corpus callosum (except‐splenium) •Olfactory bulb & tract •Recurrent artery of Heubnar

Posterior Cerebral Artery

Page 21: 7-Blood Supply of the CNS · •Motor & somatosensory cortex (lower limb & perineum) •Corpus callosum (except‐splenium) •Olfactory bulb & tract •Recurrent artery of Heubnar

Blood Supply to SC• One anterior spinal a.

• Vertebral aa.• Two posterior spinal aa.

• Vertebral aa. 25%• PICA 75%

• Anterior & posterior radicular aa.• Arise at every spinal level• Serve their respective roots & ganglia

Page 22: 7-Blood Supply of the CNS · •Motor & somatosensory cortex (lower limb & perineum) •Corpus callosum (except‐splenium) •Olfactory bulb & tract •Recurrent artery of Heubnar

Blood Supply to SC

• Anterior & posterior spinal medullary aa.• Arise at intermittent levels• Serve to augment the BS to SC

• Artery of Adamkierwicz• Unusually large spinal medullary a.

• Usually on the left• In low thoracic or upper lumber levels

Page 23: 7-Blood Supply of the CNS · •Motor & somatosensory cortex (lower limb & perineum) •Corpus callosum (except‐splenium) •Olfactory bulb & tract •Recurrent artery of Heubnar

Blood Supply to SC• Spinal cord Ischemia• Anterior spinal a.

• Small & tenuous• Occlusion produces bilateral damage (below lesion)

• Affects• Corticospinal tracts

• Paraplegia below lesion• Spinothalamic tracts

• Thermoanesthesia and analgesia

• Descending autonomic tracts• Loss of bladder & bowel 

control• Anterior gray horn

• Near enlargement – weakness of limb muscles

Page 24: 7-Blood Supply of the CNS · •Motor & somatosensory cortex (lower limb & perineum) •Corpus callosum (except‐splenium) •Olfactory bulb & tract •Recurrent artery of Heubnar

Veins of the BrainSuperior cerebral veins → SSS 

Superficial middle cerebral veins → cavernous sinus  

Deep middle cerebral veinAnterior cerebralStriate veins 

basal vein 

Thalamostriate veinChoroid vein

Internal cerebral vein

Great cerebral vein↓

straight sinus

External cerebral veins Internal cerebral veins

Page 25: 7-Blood Supply of the CNS · •Motor & somatosensory cortex (lower limb & perineum) •Corpus callosum (except‐splenium) •Olfactory bulb & tract •Recurrent artery of Heubnar

Veins of the Brain

Page 26: 7-Blood Supply of the CNS · •Motor & somatosensory cortex (lower limb & perineum) •Corpus callosum (except‐splenium) •Olfactory bulb & tract •Recurrent artery of Heubnar

Veins of the Brain

Page 27: 7-Blood Supply of the CNS · •Motor & somatosensory cortex (lower limb & perineum) •Corpus callosum (except‐splenium) •Olfactory bulb & tract •Recurrent artery of Heubnar

Dural Venous Sinuses

LocationDrains …..Fate• Superior sagittal sinus

• Venous lacunae• Inferior sagittal sinus• Straight sinus• Occipital sinus• Transverse sinus• Sigmoid sinus• Cavernous sinuses• Superior and inferior petrosal sinuses

Page 28: 7-Blood Supply of the CNS · •Motor & somatosensory cortex (lower limb & perineum) •Corpus callosum (except‐splenium) •Olfactory bulb & tract •Recurrent artery of Heubnar

Dural Venous Sinuses

Page 29: 7-Blood Supply of the CNS · •Motor & somatosensory cortex (lower limb & perineum) •Corpus callosum (except‐splenium) •Olfactory bulb & tract •Recurrent artery of Heubnar

Blood Brain Barrier

• protects cells from some toxins and pathogens• proteins & antibiotics can not pass but alcohol & anesthetics do

• Structure• tight junctions seal together epithelial cells

• continuous basement membrane• astrocyte processes covering capillaries

Page 30: 7-Blood Supply of the CNS · •Motor & somatosensory cortex (lower limb & perineum) •Corpus callosum (except‐splenium) •Olfactory bulb & tract •Recurrent artery of Heubnar

Blood Brain Barrier

• Areas without BBB• Area postrema in the floor of the fourth ventricle

• Areas in the hypothalamus

• Structure• Endothelial fenestrations

Page 31: 7-Blood Supply of the CNS · •Motor & somatosensory cortex (lower limb & perineum) •Corpus callosum (except‐splenium) •Olfactory bulb & tract •Recurrent artery of Heubnar

Blood Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier

• Structure• Endothelial cells• BM of endothelial cells• Pale cells• BM of choroidal epithelial cells• Tight junctions seal the choroidalepithelial cells


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