Date post: | 06-Jul-2015 |
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Every Day LifeHomes Before the ‘Great Rebuilding’
Solar
Chamber Hall
Kitchen
Some Aims in Home Design
Medieval
• Suitability to status
• Shelter
• Protection
• Accommodate occupations– Farming
– Crafts
• Freedom from discomfort
Early Modern
• Privacy
• Cleanliness
• Warmth
• Light
• Comfort
Additions of the ‘Great Rebuilding’
• Floor over hall
• Stairs
• Smoke bay or hood
– Fireplace and chimney
– More fireplaces
• Glazing
Rebuilding Over Time
• Original postulate (Hoskins) 1570-1640
• Kent; Sussex Weald; Halifax, Yorkshire 15th C.
• Devon Late 16th C
• Oxfordshire 1600-1640
• Gloucestershire 1630-1690
• Wales Mid 17th C.
Peasant houses - Yorkshire
31 houses
• 14 do not mention rooms
• 15 had halls – cooking, sitting, eating
• 17 had chambers - sleeping
• 12 use the word kitchen. (also service space)
Furnishings
• Rushes as floor covering
• Almary or aumbry (armoire) in six houses
• Trestle table; chairs; benches; stools
– Window seats built in
Hearth
• Smoke holes with shutters in roof or eaves
• Intake through windows
• Dangers?
Framing
Two bay longhouse, Dartmoor
Three bay yeoman’s longhouse, Buckinghamshire
Three Bay Cruck House
Reconstruction of house (before 1552)
Solar
Chamber Hall
Kitchen
Housing in Wales
• Gentry house: A permanent, multi-bayed timber house of distinctive cruck-framed (wood counterpart of the stone arch) type.
Two bayed hall
• Peasant House: Single bayed hall; less ornate truss
Great House, Newchurch, Radnorshire (Gentry house)
Bishop Bonner’s Cottage (Museum), Dereham, Norfolk
Cob House, Devon 1539
Tyddyn Llwydion, Pennant Melangell, Montgomeryshire. 1554Reconstruction of a peasant hall house (single-bayed hall)
Wealdon House
• Jettied (overhanging) ends,
• Linked at eaves level by a continuous plate
• Single hipped roof.
Building a peasant house
Cruck House Scotland
Fron-Goch, Nantmel, Walesrecorded 1875
Hampshire – New buildings and remodeled onesRoberts, Edward. "WG Hoskins's' Great Rebuilding’ and Dendrochronology in Hampshire." Vernacular architecture 38.1 (2007): 15-18.
Owner recognition in a Welsh peasant house
Base and full crucks
A Consequence of the Dissolution of the Monasteries
• Decline of domestic glass industry (loss of market)
• Availability of salvaged glass
• New glass importedPanel of leaded glass
fitted to diamond mullions at MeadlandsCottage, Needham Market, Suffolk
Windows
• No covering except shutter
• Cloth
• Glass after 13th century in high status dwellings: Windows often considered movables
Domestic furnishings
• Fabrics
– Bedding
– Pillows
– Sheets
– Coverlets
Bed 1480
Seating
• Chairs
• Stools
• Forms (backless benches)
Almary
Furniture ~1500
‘Form’