7. Food and Food HabitsJournal of Animal Ecology, Vol. 40, No. 1 (Feb., 1971), pp. 276-277Published by: British Ecological SocietyStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3362 .

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276 Abstracts

Yarrow, I. H. H. (1970). Hoplitis claviventris (Thomson 1872) (= Osmia leucomelana auctt. nec. Kirby) and the identity of Apis leucomelana Kirby 1802 (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae). Entomologist, 103, 62-9.

Lists characters separating Hoplitis claviventris and H. leucomelana, also which author's biological observations apply to which species; gives full synonomy.

5. CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; POLLUTION; PESTICIDES

Bryan, G. W. (1969). The effects of oil-spill removers ('detergents') on the gastropod Nucella lapillus on a rocky shore and in the laboratory. J. mar. biot Ass. U.K. 49, 1067-92.

Recolonization after the Torrey Canyon incident is described and the effect of 'detergent' on feeding is discussed.

6. PRODUCTION ECOLOGY AND ECOLOGICAL ENERGETICS

Horne, A. J., Fogg, G. E. & Eagle, D. J. (1969). Studies in situ of the primary production of an area of inshore Antarctic sea. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K. 49, 393-405.

Used 14C technique. Hourly and estimated seasonal productivities were higher than previously recorded in Antarctic seas. Photosynthetic efficiency was low.

O'Neill, R. V. (1969). Indirect estimation of energy fluxes in animal food webs. J. theoret. Rio. 22, 28490.

Based on the probability of predator-prey interactions, this method is intended to simplify analysis of energy flow in complex ecosystems.

7. FOOD AND FOOD HABITS

Armitage, P. D. (1968). Some notes on the food of the chironomid larvae of a shallow woodland lake in South Finland. Anznls zool, fenn. 5, 6-13.

Special attention paid to seasonal variation in feeding habits.

Butler, E. ., Corner, E. D. S. & Marshall, S. M. (1969). On the nutrition and metabolism of zooplankton. VI. Feeding efficiency of Calanus in terms of nitrogen and phosphorus. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K. 49, 977-1001.

Quantitative and qualitative study of nitrogen and phosphorus excretion during the season. N: P ratios used to calculate gross growth efficiencies.

Gibson, R. & Jennings, J. B. (1969). Observations on the diet, feeding mechanisms, digestion and food reserves of the entocommensal rhynchocoelan Malacobdela grossa. . mnar. biol. Ass. U.K. 49, 17-32.

Predominantly an unselective microphagous omnivore. Possesses two distinct feeding methods; bacteria, algae, diatoms and protozoa constitute the bulk of the diet and are filtered by a pharyngeal ciliary mechanism; crustacean larvae are caught by the proboscis.

Gupta, B. L. & Little, C. (1969), Studies on Pogonophora. IT. Ultrastructure of the tentacular crown of Siphonobrachia. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K. 49, 717-41.

Fine structural organization is related to possible feeding mechanisms.

Hughes, R. N. (1969), A study of feeding in Scrobicularia plana. J. mar. biol Ass. U.K. 49, 805-23.

A mollusc which deposit-feeds along mud surfaces throughout the period of low tide. During high tide, deposit-feeding is limited to the sides or mouths of the inhalant burrows. Can filter suspended matter from the sea

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Abstracts 277

Taylor, D. L. (1969). On the regulation and maintenance of algal numbers in Zooxanthellae- coelenterate symbiosis, with a note on the nutritional relationship in Anemonia sulcata. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K. 49, 1057-65.

Effects of starvation and/or darkness tested. Result in a general weight loss.

8. PARASITES AND DISEASES

Blackmore, D. K. & Keymer, I. F. (1969). Cutaneous diseases of wild birds in Britain. Br. Birds, 62, 316-31.

One hundred and fifty-three cases, involving twenty-four species, were investigated and classified under broad aetiological headings. Important conditions were: secondary staphylococcal infection of foot wounds, avian pox (especially in house sparrows), cnemidocoptic mange, cutaneous mycosis, squamous papilloma of the foot (probably specific to the chaffinch) and alopecia of unknown origin.

Carbery, J. T. & Donnelly, W. J. C. (1969). Skeletal myopathy in rainbow trout fry. Vet. Rec. 85, 586.

Case report and review of the literature.

Chapman, D. I. & Chapman, N. G. (1969). The incidence of congenital abnormalities in the mandibular dentition of fallow deer (Dama dama L.). Res. vet. Sci. 10, 485-7.

The mandibles of 234 park and feral fallow deer from seven areas of England and Scotland were examined. Incisiform teeth together with their alveoli were missing in three out of five feral populations and one out of two park populations; the incidences being 5 and 19% respectively. The condition was recorded in both males and females in the deciduous and permanent dentition.

Foster, W. N. M. & Greig, J. C. (1969). Isolation of tick-borne fever from feral goats in New Galloway. Vet. Rec. 85, 585-6.

Pooled blood from five feral goats was inoculated into a susceptible lamb which contracted typical tick-borne fever. Feral goats should now be included with red, roe and fallow deer as potential reservoirs of this disease.

Gibson, R. N. & Tong, L. J. (1969). Observations on the biology of the marine leech Oceanobdella blenii. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K. 49, 433-8.

Ectoparasitic on Blenniuspholis. Seasonal abundance studied and life history explained. Most common on male fish and on fish greater than 12 cm in length.

Keymer, I. F. (1969). Infestation of waterfowl with leeches. Vet. Rec. 85, 632-3. Infection with the leech Theromyzon tessulatum was recorded in mallards, Carolina ducks, South

African shelducks, pintails and Aylesbury ducks from three areas in the London region and one in Gloucestershire. Parasites were found in the conjunctival sacs, nasal cavities and sinuses.

Khalil, L. F. (1969). Larval nematodes in the herring (Clupea harengus) from British coastal waters and adjacent territories. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K. 49, 641-59.

Anisakis sp. larvae occurred in the body cavity of 34% of 5646 herring examined. Infection increased with increase in fish length and varied with locality. Contracaecum aduncum infected 15% of 3320 juvenile herring examined but decreased with fish length.

Molyneux, D. H. (1969). The morphology and biology of Trypanosoma (Herpetosoma) evotomys of the bank vole, Clethrionomys glareolus. Parasitology, 59, 843-57.

The morphology of the parasite in the bank vole was typical of the subgenus Herpetosoma. Duration of experimental infection was 22-31 days with an incubation period of 5-6 days and a peak parasitaemia of 15 000-55 000 parasites/mm3 of blood. Infection was not transmissible to Microtus agrestis nor to laboratory rats and mice. Cyclical development of the parasite took place in the flea Nosopsyllus fasciatus.

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