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KS3 Physics

7I Energy Resources

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7I Energy Resources

Contents

The nature of energy

Energy resources

Fossil fuels

Summary activities

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Can you think of examples of each type of energy?

There are many different types of energy:

thermal

light

sound

elastic

gravitational

kinetic

electrical

chemical

nuclear

Different types of energy

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Which type of energy?

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Energy can be changed from one form to another.

For example:

Chemical energy in food is converted to thermal energy and kinetic energy by our bodies.

Energy transfer

What other energy transfers can you think of?

Gravitational energy in a ball is converted to kinetic energy when it falls to the ground.

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burning match portable torch microphone radio television catapult mobile phone

car

chemical to heat and light

chemical to heat and light

sound to electrical

electrical to sound and heat

electrical to sound and light and heat

elastic to kinetic and heat

chemical to sound and microwaves(EM radiation) and heat

chemical to kinetic and sound and heat

In all these transfers the energy is not lost, it is conserved. Energy cannot be destroyed or created.

What energy transfer takes place in each device?

What is the energy transfer?

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7I Energy Resources

Contents

The nature of energy

Energy resources

Fossil fuels

Summary activities

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Humans use chemical energy (from food) to live and function. However, in a modern society we also use large amounts of energy from other sources.

Can you think of some activities requiring energy?

Where does the energy for these type of activities come from?

travelling and communicating over long distances;

controlling our environment, e.g. air conditioning/heating;

manufacturing and building many kinds of materials and products, e.g. roads, cars, buildings, prepared food.

Using energy

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17%

41% 32%

8%2%

gas

oil

coal

nuclear

renewables

Energy resources can be divided into two types: renewable (e.g. hydroelectric); non-renewable (e.g. coal, oil, nuclear and natural gas).

Energy resources in the UK

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There is a finite amount of fossil fuels on the Earth and they will eventually run out.

Once fossil fuels are used they cannot be regenerated and used again, so they are called non-renewable.

Non-renewable energy resources

oil coal natural gas

Oil, coal and natural gas are examples of fossil fuels. They were formed from biological deposits over the course of millions of years.

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Renewable energy resources will not run out because they can easily be regenerated.

Only 2% of the UK’s energy comes from renewable sources.

Can you think of a reason why?

Renewable energy sources

Examples of renewable energy resources are:

wind power

solar power

tidal power

biomass

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Renewable or non-renewable?

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The Sun

The Sun is the original source

of most energy resources.

Plants store the Sun’s energy

through photosynthesis.

Animals then eat the plants.

Energy and the Sun

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coal

wind

biomass

oil

The Sun isthe original source

of most energy resources.

natural gasfood

Energy resources from the Sun

waves

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7I Energy Resources

Contents

The nature of energy

Energy resources

Fossil fuels

Summary activities

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Fossil fuels

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About 300 million years ago, trees and other plants photosynthesized and stored the Sun’s energy.

Dead plants fell into swampy water and the mud prevented them from rotting away.

How coal was formed

Over the years, the mud piled up and squashed the plant remains.

After millions of years under this pressure, the mud became rock and the dead plants became coal.

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Coal formation

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Oil and gas are also biological in origin. Millions of years ago tiny animals lived in the sea. Like today, their ecosystem was dependent on heat and light from the Sun and photosynthesis by plants. When they died they fell into mud and sand at the bottom of the sea but did not rot away.

Over millions of years, they got buried deeper by the mud and sand. The temperature and pressure (caused by the weight of the sediments and deep burial) changed the mud and sand into rock and the dead animals into crude oil and natural gas.

This sample of crude oil was formed in southern England. Crude oil formed in other parts of the world can be very different in appearance and viscosity.

How oil and gas were formed

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Oil and gas formation

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7I Energy Resources

Contents

The nature of energy

Energy resources

Fossil fuels

Summary activities

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Glossary

energy – The ability to do work – it exists in different forms such as chemical, electrical, heat and light.

energy transfer – Changing energy from one form to another.

energy resource – A substance that is a source of energy.

fuel – A substance that releases energy when it burns.

fossil fuel – A fuel that is formed from the remains of dead plants and animals, such as coal, oil and natural gas.

non-renewable – An energy resource that cannot be replaced and will eventually run out.

renewable – An energy resource that can be replaced and will not run out.

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Anagrams

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Multiple-choice quiz