1. 1. By Allah Dad Khan allahdad52@gmail.com
2. 2. Top 10 Reasons to Support Natural Farming in the 21st Century 1. Reduce The Toxic Load: Keep Chemicals Out of the Air, Water, Soil and our Bodies. 2. Reduce if Not Eliminate Off Farm Pollution. 3. Protect Future Generations 4. Build Healthy Soil 5. Taste Better and Truer Flavor 6. Assist Family Farmers of all Sizes 7. Avoid Hasty and Poor Science in Your Food 8. Eating with a Sense of Place 9. Promote Biodiversity 10. Celebrate the Culture of Agriculture
3. 3. Natural Farming Respect for Life Natural Farming respects life. It opposes human exploitation on life. Ironicaly it may sound; respecting the nature of the life is the best way to achieve top quality and yield. We prevent disease rather than curing with medicines.
4. 4. High Quality Natural Farming products have high quality, good taste and better yield. People commonly think that by converting to organic farming you will have smaller yields, lower quality and smaller-sized fruits. In Natural Farming it is the opposite. We do not go back to the past; we take a leap into the future. Natural Farming products have much higher nutritional contents. Protein, amino acid, crude fat and other essential nutrient were identified to be as much as 300 percent higher than ordinary products. Chemical residue such as nitrate is almost undetectable
5. 5. Natural Farming Methods No Pesticide Natural Farming does not use pesticide. Pesticides do not only kill insects; they reside in the soil and fruit. When absorbed, it can do serious harm to our bodies and even our next generations. Instead of using toxic chemicals, we use light, alcohol, aroma, poisonous plant and so forth to control pests. More surprisingly, an ecology that recovered the natural balance will drop in the pests and disease occurrence. Natural Farming does precisely that.
6. 6. No Herbicide Natural Farming does not use herbicide. Killing the weeds with chemical is not the only solution nor is it wise. Herbicide is lethal to human. How can it only kill the weeds? Natural Farming uses the weeds rather than killing them. We actually grow the wild grass such as rye and clover for mulching. Natural Farming orchards are green with grass growing between the fruit trees. The grass prevents soil erosion, holds moisture, propagates microorganism, produces organic fertilizer, improves soil ventilation and suppresses the pests. How can it only be a thief of nutrients?
7. 7. No Tillage Natural Farming does not till the land. Instead of using machines, we use earthworms, microorganisms and small animals. Machine can plow 20 centimeters at best, whereas earthworms will dig 7 meters. The excretions of the earthworms turn into the best soil. After practicing Natural Farming, the soil inflates like a balloon. Our little workers tilled so well that your hand will slide in as if into a soft cake. Because you dont till the land, the grass seeds in the soil do not come up to the surface. In other words, after the grass on the surface have germinated and died, you will have no more weed problems. No tillage and no herbicide are linked
8. 8. No Chemical Fertilizer Natural Farming does not use chemical fertilizer. Nor does it follow the common practice of applying over half of the fertilizer as base manure. Crops will become weak if given too much food at early stage. Nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, calcium and all other elements that would be commonly given in the form of chemical fertilizer are substituted with Natural Farming inputs. Fish amino acid provides nitrogen, eggshells give calcium, animal bones are source of phosphoric acid. Our Natural Farming inputs are not only cheap but highly effective.
9. 9. No Pollution Natural Farming animal houses do not emit any wastewater. There is no need to install an expensive treatment machine. All the treatment is done right on the floor itself. As soon as feces fall on the floor, it is quickly decomposed by the powerful microorganisms. Floor is not made from concrete, it is touching the soil; it is alive. Rice straw, sawdust, fresh soil are used for flooring Even if you use a Natural Farming animal house for many years, you do not need to clean the feces once. They do not pile up and they do not smell. Utilizing the natural powers like the sun, wind and microorganism, the floor is always dry and fluffy. It is a common sight to see a Natural Farming animal houses right beside a human house.
10. 10. No Artificial Heating Natural Farming animal houses do not provide any artificial heating. Rather than consuming fossil fuel or electricity we think it is wiser to develop the animals natural resistance against cold. A healthy animal does not need such human-improvised help. Natural Farming chicks grow short, tough and dense hair whereas ordinary chicks have long, soft and sparse hair. In extremely cold areas or weather, we use heat from fermentation of compost.
11. 11. Farming inputs are made by farmers One of the most important aspects of Natural Farming is that the farmers make what they need. Fertilizers, soil improvers, pest controllers, disease cure are all made by the farmers themselves using only natural materials based on the Nutritive Cycle theory. By doing so, we save money and perform better. Our field, hills, forest, rivers, ocean and all surroundings are full of useful materials that are tools of our farming; only if we open our eyes. Our important inputs include Indigenous Microorganism (IMO), Fermented Plant Juice (FPJ), Oriental Herbal Nutrient (OHN), Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB), Fish Amino Acid (LAB), Water-soluble Calcium (WCA), Water-soluble Calcium Phosphate (WCP), and Insect Attractant (IA). All produced at home easily and cheaply. Most importantly, they work!
12. 12. Natural Feed made by Farmers Natural Farming animals do not only eat commercial feed from the market. They eat natural food prepared by farmers with love and affection. Chicks are given with whole brown rice grains and bamboo leaves immediately after hatching. Tough food develops their intestines. Animals reared with Natural Farming are healthy, strong and have no disease. We do not give antibiotics, hormones, colorants or other chemicals to our animals. We give them what nature has given them to eat. We use grass, rice husk, rice bran, left- over food, sawdust and even soil for feed. They go through our special treatment and assorting.
13. 13. Nutritive Cycle Theory Natural Farming cares for the crops and livestock according to the Nutritive Cycle Theory. It is a theory that enables us to read the changing growth stages of a plant or animal. We apply fertilizer, feed, or prescription precisely according to this cycle. Natural Farming is a very elaborate, complicated and precise method that denies spray-and-forget kind of approach. Just like humans, crops and livestock also need nitrogen when young, phosphoric acid during adolescence and calcium after maturity. Also the amount of food they need to take in will constantly change, just as a baby cannot eat a grown-ups dish. Natural Farming emphasizes the right use of the right material, at the right stage, in the right quantity.
14. 14. Natural Inputs Indigenous Microorganism (IMO) Indigenous microorganism is a powerful input that improves soil condition and crop health. It is collected from nearby forest or fields using a simple wooden lunch box with steamed rice. By utilizing microorganisms that survived and adapted to that local place for numerous generations, we can have safe, cheap yet powerful microorganism input. Fermented Plant Juice (FPJ) Fermented plant juice is made by fermenting plant parts in brown sugar. Sprouts and baby fruits with high hormone concentration, full grown fruits, flower abundant in honey, and any plant with strong vigor are good ingredients. Oriental Herbal Nutrient (OHN) Oriental herbal nutrient is made from herbs valued in oriental medicine. Lactic acid bacteria is exactly same as yoghurt. Other inputs include fish amino acid, water-soluble calcium from eggshells, water-soluble phosphoric calcium from animal bones and seawater.
15. 15. Some practices now being done and promoted as natural farming practices: 1. Zero cultivation and following, allowing the soil to rest and rejuvenate. 2. Integrated Pest Management (IPM). 3. Insect traps, lure and attractants. 4. Use of Biological pest control (natural enemies of pest) 5. Use of Organic Compost fertilizer and bio micro inoculant. 6. Use of Organic Pest and Disease control materials. 7. Use of indigenous resistant plant varieties and strain. 8. Practice crop rotation and following (resting the soil for some time). 9. Growing and inter-cropping of pest repellant and herbal plants. 10. Integrated cropping pattern to prevent growth of toxic weeds. 11. Growing the right crop on the right soil, climate and at the right time.
16. 16. organic farming Next End Previous Organic farming is a system which avoids or largely excludes the use of synthetic inputs (such as fertilizers, pesticides, hormones, feed additives etc) and to the maximum extent feasible rely upon crop rotations, crop residues, animal manures, off-farm organic waste, mineral grade rock additives and biological system of nutrient mobilization and plant protection.
17. 17. Organic farming Next EndPrevious
18. 18. Organic farming Previous Next End Need Increase in population make compulsion to stabilize agricultural production, but to, increase it further, in sustainable manner. Natural balance needs to be maintained at all cost for existence of life and property. Agrochemicals which are produced from fossil fuel and are not renewable and are diminishing in availability. It may also cost heavily on our foreign exchange in future.
19. 19. organic farming Previous Next End Key characteristics Protecting the long term fertility of soils by maintaining organic matter levels, encouraging soil biological activity and careful mechanical intervention. Providing crop nutrients indirectly using relatively insoluble nutrient sources which are made available to the plant by the action of soil micro-organisms.
20. 20. organic farming Previous Next End Nitrogen self-sufficiency through the use of legumes and biological nitrogen fixation, as well as effective recycling of organic materials including crop residues and livestock manures Weed, disease and pest control relying primarily on crop rotations, natural predators, diversity, organic manuring, resistant varieties and limited (preferably minimal) thermal, biological and chemical intervention. Key characteristics
21. 21. organic farming Previous Next End Key characteristics The extensive management of livestock, paying full regard to their evolutionary adaptations, behavioral needs and animal welfare issues with respect to nutrition, housing, health, breeding and rearing. Careful attention to the impact of the farming system on the wider environment and the conservation of wildlife and natural habitats.
22. 22. ORGANIC FARMING PRINCIPLE Previous Next End
23. 23. organic farming Previous Next End Four principles 1. Principle of health Organic Agriculture should sustain and enhance the health of soil, plant, animal, human and planet as one and indivisible Healthy soils produce healthy crops that foster the health of animals and people. Health is the wholeness and integrity of living systems. The role of organic agriculture, whether in farming, processing, distribution, or consumption, is to sustain and enhance the health of ecosystems and organisms from the smallest in the soil to human beings.
24. 24. organic farming Previous Next End Organic Agriculture should be based on living ecological systems and cycles, work with them, emulate them and help sustain them. This principle roots organic agriculture within living ecological systems. It states that production is to be based on ecological processes, and recycling Nourishment and well-being are achieved through the ecology of the specific production environment. Organic management must be adapted to local conditions, ecology, culture and scale. 2. Principle of ecology
25. 25. organic farming Previous Next End Inputs should be reduced by reuse, recycling and efficient management of materials and energy in order to maintain and improve environmental quality and conserve resources Organic agriculture should attain ecological balance through the design of farming systems, establishment of habitats and maintenance of genetic and agricultural diversity. Principle of ecology
26. 26. organic farming Previous Next End Organic Agriculture should build on relationships that ensure fairness with regard to the common environment and life opportunities. This principle emphasizes that those involved in organic agriculture should conduct human relationships in a manner that ensures fairness at all levels and to all parties - farmers, workers, processors, distributors, traders and consumers 3. Principle of fairness
27. 27. organic farming Previous Next End It aims to produce a sufficient supply of good quality food and other products. Natural and environmental resources that are used for production and consumption should be managed in a way that is socially and ecologically just and should be held in trust for future generations Fairness requires systems of production, distribution and trade that are open and equitable and account for real environmental and social costs. Principle of fairness
28. 28. organic farming Previous Next End 4. Principle of care Organic Agriculture should be managed in a precautionary and responsible manner to protect the health and well-being of current and future generations and the environment. Organic agriculture is a living and dynamic system that responds to internal and external demands and conditions. This principle states that precaution and responsibility are the key concerns in management, development and technology choices in organic agriculture.
29. 29. organic farming Previous Next End It aims to produce a sufficient supply of good quality food and other products. Natural and environmental resources that are used for production and consumption should be managed in a way that is socially and ecologically just and should be held in trust for future generations Fairness requires systems of production, distribution and trade that are open and equitable and account for real environmental and social costs. Principle of fairness
30. 30. organic farming End Organic farming approach involves following five principles: 1. Conversion of land from conventional management to organic management 2. Management of the entire surrounding system to ensure biodiversity and sustainability of the system 3. Crop production with the use of alternative sources of nutrients such as crop rotation, residue management, organic manures and biological inputs. 4. Management of weeds and pests by better management practices, physical and cultural means and by biological control system 5. Maintenance of live stock in tandem with organic concept and make them an integral part of the entire system Basic Steps of Organic Farming
31. 31. organic farming Previous Next End It aims to produce a sufficient supply of good quality food and other products. Natural and environmental resources that are used for production and consumption should be managed in a way that is socially and ecologically just and should be held in trust for future generations Fairness requires systems of production, distribution and trade that are open and equitable and account for real environmental and social costs. Principle of fairness
32. 32. C:N Ratio SOM 10-12:1 Plant Litter 20-400:1 Bacteria 4:1 Fungi 10:1 Soil OrganicMatter SOM is: 55% C 5% N 0.5% P 0.5% S Alive Microbial Biomass (fungi, bacteria) 2-5% of SOM Dead Non-humic substances 20-30% of SOM Humic substances 60-80% of SOM
33. 33. How does Organic Matter Improve Soil? 1) increase water holding capacity 2) nutrients attach to O.M. 3) O.M. improves tilth (aggregate) The amount of humus in soil is directly proportional to the amount of nitrogen in soil Soils high in O.M. are easily worked and may be described as having good tilth.
34. 34. Reasons for low organic matter The quality of our soil is very poor in organic matter. A soil with 1.29 per cent carbon is considered to be sufficient in organic matter, but here the soil has less than that. The range of carbon in the soil is 0.52 . 1.Climatic Conditions. 2.Soil disorders 3. Easy availability of Mineral Fertilizers 4.Poor economic coditions of farmers 5.Intensive tillage
35. 35. Organic sources available in country 1. 1.5 Million tons of nutrient are available 50% wasted. 2. Poultry can contribute as manure about 101000 tons of nitrogen ,58000 phosphorus and 26000 tones of potash. 3. Crop residue 4. Green manure 5. Filter cake and silage 6.Abattor waste 7. Other material
36. 36. Why Organic Farming Organic farming in the form of agriculture includes crop rotation, application of green manure, compost, bio fertilizers, biological pest and diseases control to maintain soil productivity and restrict the use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides. Infact the organic farming rely on the management of the soil. It enhances the chemical, biological and physical properties of the soil and the increasing amount of nutrition in soil plays a key role in suppressing weeds, pests and diseases in eco-friendly manner .
37. 37. Techniques for Organic Farmingfor Medicinal Plants 1. Zero cultivation /no till cultivation 2. Practice Clean Culture 3. Integrated Pest Management (IPM).GAP 4. Insect traps, lure and attractants. 5. Use of Biological pest control (natural enemies of pest) 6. Use of Organic Compost fertilizer and bio micro inoculants. 7. Use of Organic Pest and Disease control materials. 8. Use of indigenous resistant plant varieties and strain. 9. Practice crop rotation and following (resting the soil for some time). 10. Growing and inter-cropping of pest repellant and herbal plants. 11. Integrated Weed Management (IWM) 12. Growing the right crop on the right soil, climate and at the right time. 13. Solarization 14. Integrated Nutrient Management ( I NM) 15. Vermipost 16. Integrated Farm Management ( IFM)
38. 38. 1. Zerocultivation/notill farming is a way of growing crops or pasture from year to year without disturbing the soil through tillage. No-till is an agricultural technique which increases the amount of water that infiltrates into the soil and increases organic matter retention and cycling of nutrients in the soil.
39. 39. 2.Practice cleanculture. Cultivation and weed control will also help not only in soil aeration and softening of soil mass but will also reduce or disturb the breeding place of insect pests and fungal diseases.
40. 40. 3.IntegratedPest Management (IPM) Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is a pest control program using combination of all practices to reduce or eliminate pest damage. This includes natural, biological and mechanical practices as well as bio and chemical pesticide application.
41. 41. Good Agriculture Practices Guidelines for Good Agricultural Practice (GAP) of Medicinal Plants Principles and Guidelines for Good Agricultural Practice (GAP) 1 Seeds and propagation material -Parent material used in organic production has to be certified as authentically organic. 2. Cultivation -Depending on the method of cultivation e.g. conventional or organic, growers should be allowed to follow different Standard Operating Procedures for cultivation (to be elaborated). 3. Soil and Fertilization -Medicinal and aromatic plants should not be grown in soils that are contaminated by sludge.It should therefore be endeavoured to apply the use of chemical products with as minimum negative effect as possible. 4. Irrigation -Irrigation should be minimized as much as possible and only be applied according to the needs of the plant. 5. Tillage should be adapted to the growth and requirements of plants. 6. Pesticide and herbicide application shoud be avoided as far as possible. 7. Harvest- Harvesting should take place when the plants are of best possible quality, according to their different utilizations. 8. Primary processing -Primary processing after harvest includes such processing steps as washing, freezing, distilling, drying, etc. All these processes, whether for food or medicinal use
42. 42. Good Agriculture Practices 9.Packaging packaged in new, clean and dry sacks, bags or chests. The label must be clear, permanently fixed and be made of non-toxic material. Information must conform with the national labelling regulations 10.Storage and Transport -Fresh products (except basil) should be stored between 1C and 5C while frozen products should be stored below 18C (or below 20C for longer term storage). 11. Personnel and Facilities -Personnel should receive adequate botanical education before performing tasks that require this knowledge. 12. . Documentation -All parent materials and processing steps, including the location of cultivation, have to be documented. Field records showing previous cropping and used inputs should be maintained by all growers. 13. Education -It is highly advisable to educate all personnel dealing with the crop or those engaged in the management of production, in production techniques as well as the appropriate use of herbicides and pesticides. 14. Quality Guarantee -Consultation between producers and buyers of medicinal and aromatic plants, with regard to quality questions, e.g. active principles and other characteristic ingredients.
43. 43. Good Agriculture Practices 11. Personnel and Facilities Personnel should receive adequate botanical education before performing tasks that require this knowledge. 12. . Documentation All parent materials and processing steps, including the location of cultivation, have to be documented. Field records showing previous cropping and used inputs should be maintained by all growers. 13. Education It is highly advisable to educate all personnel dealing with the crop or those engaged in the management of production, in production techniques as well as the appropriate use of herbicides and pesticides. 14. Quality Guarantee Consultation between producers and buyers of medicinal and aromatic plants, with regard to quality questions, e.g. active principles and other characteristic ingredients, optical and sensoric properties, limited germ numbers, plant protection chemical residues and heavy metals, must be based on nternationally recognized or national specifications and should be laid down in written form.
44. 44. 6. Use of Organic Fertilizer a) Farm Yard Manure b) The bird manure c) Ashes are alkali fertilizer.. d) Green Manure e) Farm Slurry f) Humis
45. 45. 7.Usedof Organic Pest and Disease Control Herbal preparations to control pest and diseases can easily be made by farmers themselves since we have abundant plants in the country that are suitable ingredient.
46. 46. 8.Practice crop rotation and following (resting the soil for some time). Crop rotation or changing crops grown in certain areas to avoid the buildup of certain pest or disease affecting certain crops. Example, rotating onions with pepper . Resting the soil for one to two years to allow natural vegetation and the growth of natural enemies to introduce balance of nature, while enriching your soil environment for future crop production.
47. 47. 9. Growing and inter-croppingof pest repellant andherbal plants There are crops that repel certain insect pests. Intercropping tomato with cabbages and cauliflower will help reduce the diamondback moth attacking cabbages. Learn what these crop combinations..
48. 48. 10. Integrated WeedManagement Certain weeds are difficult to remove or control, like grasses. Planting vines and crawling crops like sweet potato and cover crops will help suppress weeds.
49. 49. 11.Growingtherightcropontherightsoil, climateandat therighttime. There are suitable crops that are ideal for certain season of the year and suitable soils for their healthy and productive growth. Learn the nature of the plants and their preferences before deciding what to grow in your farm.
50. 50. 12. Solarization It is a non contaminant soil disinfestation technique. It is based on the sun irradition to provide a temperature rise; and humidity increase this effect. The use of polyethylene ( usually transparent) to cover the ground soil (upper layer), increases the thermical effect and avoid soil moisture loss, raising temperature to letal levels for living soil organism.
51. 51. 13 IntegratedNutrient Management inm
52. 52. 14. Vermipost WHAT IS VERMICOMPOSTING/WORM FARMING? The process of using worms to aid in the decomposition of organic matter. I.e., organic matter is put in a bin with worms; the worms eat the organic matter and break it down, leaving behind a nutrient rich product known as 'vermicompost', 'worm castings', 'worm manu BENEFITS OF VERMICOMPOSTING Improves soil structure Increases the soil's ability to retain water Improves the growth and structure of root systems Enhances germination, growth, and yield of plants Increases the micro-organism population in soil by 10-20x Makes nutrients more available for plant uptake Very space efficient. Worm composting can be done even in a small apartment Not to mention all that food waste that's being turned into fertilizer instead of being thrown away .
53. 53. 15.IntegratedFarm Management Integrated Farm Management (IFM) involves: a commitment to good husbandry and animal welfare efficient soil management and appropriate cultivation techniques the use of crop rotations minimum reliance on crop protection chemicals and fertilisers careful choice of seed varieties maintenance of the landscape and rural communities enhancement of wildlife habitats a commitment to team spirit based on communication, training and involvement.
54. 54. Cultivation of medicinal plants: an eco-friendlyapproach : Eco-friendly farming Organic farming Biological farming Nature farming Regenerative agriculture Permaculture Alternate agriculture Ecological agriculture Ecological farming systems Biodynamic agriculture Organic agriculture system Basic standards and general principles for organic agriculture Principle requirements and pre-conditions Conversion from conventional to organic farming Important tips for cultivation of medicinal plants Multi tier agriculture system for cultivation of medicinal plants Indigenous agricultural practices for cultivation of medicinal plants
55. 55. BIOLOGICALFARMING The objectives of Biological Farming as part of Natural Farming is to produce food crops without the use and traces of toxic synthetic chemical product. In this case, we will be using living organisms from the microscopic beneficial fungus and bacteria to insects and animals and other life forms.
56. 56. BIOLOGICALPESTCONTROL There are many beneficial insects, birds; animals that help suppress the population of insect pest. Providing them home and habitat within your farm will greatly lessen incidents of serious infestation. Bacteria, yeast and fungus (BYM) Pro-biotic that fight bad bacteria and fungus; and damage the egg as well as adult insect pests can be very helpful at low cost while renewable as they live and grow.
57. 57. The biologicalagents Predators such as ladybird beetle, spiders, dragonflies and mites. Parasites such as Trichogramma, Braconids Pathogens such as bacteria and fungi which cause diseases to pest.
58. 58. SOME ENENIES OF INSECT PESTS 1. Trichogramma 2. Braconid 3. Pirate bug 4. Spiders 5. Praying Manthis 6. Birds 7. Frogs etc.
59. 59. Types of Biopesticides Microbial pesticides consist of a microorganism (e.g., a bacterium, fungus, virus, or protozoan) as the active ingredient. Microbial pesticides can control many different kinds of pests, although each separate active ingredient is relatively specific for its target pest[s]. For example, there are fungi that control certain weeds, and other fungi that kill specific insects. Example BT Biochemical pesticides are naturally occurring substances that control pests by non-toxic mechanisms. Conventional pesticides, by contrast, are generally synthetic materials that directly kill or inactivate the pest. Biochemical pesticides include substances, such as insect sex pheromones Plant pesticides are pesticidal substances that plants produce from genetic material that has been added to the plant. For example, scientists can take the gene for the Bt pesticidal protein and introduce the gene into the plant's own genetic material
60. 60. Types of Biopesticides Microbial pesticides consist of a microorganism (e.g., a bacterium, fungus, virus, or protozoan) as the active ingredient. Microbial pesticides can control many different kinds of pests, although each separate active ingredient is relatively specific for its target pest[s]. For example, there are fungi that control certain weeds, and other fungi that kill specific insects. Example BT Biochemical pesticides are naturally occurring substances that control pests by non-toxic mechanisms. Conventional pesticides, by contrast, are generally synthetic materials that directly kill or inactivate the pest. Biochemical pesticides include substances, such as insect sex pheromones Plant pesticides are pesticidal substances that plants produce from genetic material that has been added to the plant. For example, scientists can take the gene for the Bt pesticidal protein and introduce the gene into the plant's own genetic material
61. 61. Here is a short list of plants that can be effective against a wide range of insect pest. 1. GOAT WEED (Aegaratum conisoides) Leaves 2. DAMONG MARIA (Artemesia vulgaris) Leaves mango tip borer. 3. LANTANA (Lantana camara) Flowers 4. DITA (Derris philippinensis) Roots 5. WILD SUNFLOWER (Tethornia diversifolia) Leaves 6. MARIGOLD (Targetes erecta) Roots 7. BLACK PEPPER (Piper nigrum) Fruits 8. HOT PEPPER (Capscium frutesens) Fruit 9. CUSTARD (Annona aquamosa) Seeds 10. NEEM (Azadiracta indica) Seeds 11. Tobacco Leaves 12.GARLIC (Allium sativum) Cloves 13. AMARANTH (Amaranthus gracilis) Leaves 14.PAPAYA (Carica papaya) Leaves 15.GINGER (Zingiber officianale) Rhizome 16.RED ONION (Allium sepa) Bulb
62. 62. CONCLUSION We can now grow our crops, following the natural law and adopt Natural Organic and Biological Farming Systems that are self sustaining, production cost reduction, and healthful organic food crops that are very much in demand in the domestic and export market today. We can grow healthful crops. at lower cost.
63. 63. Presentation Prepared By: Mr. Allah Dad Khan Agriculture Expert Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province Email: allahdad52@gmail.com Mobile: 03329221298 Tel. No. 091-9221157