7 SouthEast Asian Studies(7-SEAS)
Taiwan
VietnamThailand
Malaysia
Singapore
Indonesia
Philippines
Pacific Ocean
Java Sea
SuluSea
CelebesSea
BandaSea
Malaysian Meteorology Service
NCU
TaiwanEPA
GSFC
- Briefing and updates
George Lin, National Central U.,
Si-Chee Tsay, Brent Holben, Hal Maring, Christina Hsu, NASA/GSFC
Jeff Reid, Naval Research Lab,
7-SEAS team of TH/TW/VN
Primary collaborators:Chung-Te Lee – aerosol chemistryCharlie Wang – gas-phase chemistryGuey-Rong Sheu – Hg chemistryCarlo Wang – radiationKai-Hsien Chi - DioxinsTa-Chih Hsiao – aerosol physicsLin-Chi Wang – PAHs and metalsRoger Chuang – air quality modelingMing-Cheng Yen - climatologyTang-Huang Lin – satelliteOu-Yang Chang-Feng – GHGsTaiwan EPA, MOSTResearchers from USA, Thailand, Vietnam and others2017/8/14 2
Biomass Burning (BB) in SE Asia
7 SouthEast Asia Studies (7-SEAS)
Examples of spring campaigns results
Future plan
Biomass-burning haze in SEA
Clear day Hazy day
PM2.5 ~ 150 µg m-3PM2.5 ~ 10 µg m-3
Agricultural residue burning
Forest floor burning
Stoke and waste fire
Patterns of Total Smoke Flux
• SE Asia has two fire seasons.
• Northern spring peak is often more intense than southern August-October peak
• Both peaks have large interannual variability
• Chicken and Egg: How does meteorology impact emissions which impact meteorology?
Courtesy: Edward Hyer
Northern
Southern
SeaWiFS True ColorTOMS Aerosol Index
Laos
Viet
nam
Thailand
Vietnam
Southern China
Taiwan
Event on 21 March 1999
A Frequent Mileage+: the pathway
Laos
Cambodia
Phili
ppin
es
Bur
ma
(Provided by Christina Hsu, NASA)
Seven South East Asian Studies 7-SEAS
Investigate the impacts of aerosol particles on weather and the total
SE Asian environmentIn order to do this, we need input from seven science areas:•Aerosol lifecycle and air quality•Tropical meteorology•Radiation and heat balance•Clouds and precipitation•Land processes and fire•Oceanography (phys. and bio.)•Verification, analysis and prediction
TaiwanVietnam
Thailand
MalaysiaSingapore
Indonesia
Philippines
0.6
0
MISR AOT2001-2009
7-SEAS activities since 200710 workshops and training courses2007 VBBE (Virtual BB Experiment)2012 Cruise mission in southern SE Asia
In-situ Experiments in northern SE Asia:Phase I (2010-2012)
2010 Dongsha Experiment2011 Son La Campaign I2012 Son-La Campaign II
Phase II (2013-2015)2013 BASELInE I2014 BASELnE II2015 BASELInE III
Phase III (2016-2018): Data and network
What are the scientific issues of biomass-burning aerosol and related pollutants in SE Asia we concern about, particularly for Springs?
Source/receptor BB characterization Environment and climate impact Health effects
7-SEAS Spring field campaigns
Terra/MODIS true color imagewith AOD (2013/3/23)
NCU
DongshaHengchun
LABS
Hanoi
Yen Bai
Phaimai
Doi Ang Khang
Son La
260 Km
Silpakorn Univ.
Chiang Mai
Luang NamthaHong Kong
Super siteSatellite siteAERONET site
Taiping
7-SEAS 2010-2015 in-situ instrumentation
Chemistry
Physics
NASA COMMIT- Dongsha, Son LaNASA ACHIEVE Yen BaiNCU mobile 1 - Doi Ang KhangNCU mobile 2 – HengchunNCU Mt. Lulin Dongsha supersites
Air quality mobile - Hengchun
(b)(a) (c)
At the Yen Bai supersite, ACHIEVE instrument setup for (a) AERONET/Cimel sunphotometer with polarization for cloud-mode operations, (b) the ACHIEVE mobile laboratory in action, and (c) a 18.4m high corner-cube (6.4-inch inner dimension) calibration tower, located at the west bank of the Red River, Vietnam, and 370m to the ACHIEVE radars.
6:35 UTC
6:33 UTC
ACHIEVE W-band reflectivity
CloudSat W-band reflectivity
Atmospheric Environment2013 Nov (78) special issue on:“Observation, Modeling and Impact Studies of
Biomass Burning and Pollution in the SE Asian Environment – From BASE-ASIA and Dongsha Experiment to 7-SEAS”
Guest Editors:George Lin, NCU ([email protected])Hal Maring, NASAJeff Reid, NRL
28 papers – overview, aerosols/gases/toxics, remote sensing, modeling and impact studies.
Aerosol and Air Quality Research2nd special issue on:“Aerosol Impact on Physical, Chemical
and Biological Processes in Southeast Asia and the Maritime Continent”
Guest Editors:James Campbell, NRL Guey-Rong Sheu, NCUSomporn Chantara, CMU
Published in Nov. 201627 papers
Example spring campaigns results
- Meteorology and transport
- Physical measurements
- Chemical measurements
4/103/12/1
Annual variation of Fire count for both 312K and 308K threshold plot against precipitation
histogram (Yen et al., 2013, AE)
Weakening anticyclone over northeast China couples with westward extent of the western Pacific subtropical high
(Yen et al., 2013, AE)
ChiangMai 1000MSL Apr
BangKok1000 MSL May
DaNang1500 MSL-Apr
TuyHoa1000 MSL -Apr
PaknNamPho1000 MSL May
BacLieu500 MSL May
NaiMuang1000 MSL March
Westerlies (high altitude)
DongShaHengChung
Northeast monsoon
Low level transport
Updraft Flow
Flow pattern in Spring
ChiangMai Dongsha Island
HengChung
LABS
DaNang
Ocean Researcher No.1
2010 7-SEAS/Dongsha Exp.
3/3 3/10 3/17 3/24 3/31 4/7 4/14380
400
420
440
3/3 3/10 3/17 3/24 3/31 4/7 4/140.00.20.40.60.8
3/3 3/10 3/17 3/24 3/31 4/7 4/1405
10152025
3/3 3/10 3/17 3/24 3/31 4/7 4/140
20406080
100
3/3 3/10 3/17 3/24 3/31 4/7 4/140
306090
120150
3/3 3/10 3/17 3/24 3/31 4/7 4/1402468
101214
CO2
CO2
CO
CO
NOx
NOx NO NO2
O
3
O3
PM10
PM2.
5 PM2.5 PM10
Hengchuen
SO2
SO2
-18-12-606
1218
Win
d s
pee
d (
m s
-1)
Wind speed Wind direct
0.00.40.81.21.62.0 Rainfall
Rain
fall
(m
m)
3/3 3/10 3/17 3/24 3/31 4/7 4/14101520253035
Temperature RH
Tem
per
atu
re (
oC
)
60
80
100R
H(%
)
Yen et al. (2013, AE)
Hengchun site(receptor)
2010
Transport of PM2.5 – WRF/CMAQ simulation(contributed by MT Chuang)
3 km, horizontal Cross-sectional transport
3/9-3/10 2010 Dongsha Experiment
Schematic diagram for illustrating how an intensified India-Burma Trough modulates the occurrence of biomass burning in northern Indochina and its downwind impact on Taiwan
(Huang et al., 2016, JGR).
(Lin et al., 2013; Yen et al., 2013)
Chemistry samplingAir quality and aerosol in-situ
Radiation
1,534 m MSLnorthern Thailand
Doi Ang Khang supersite (DAK)
Chemical platform
Lidar
Doi Ang Khang Met station
19.93°N, 99.05°E; 1536 mMyanmar fort
Thai small village
N
Myanmar fort
Doi Ang Khang, Thailand(a middle-size village nearby our station)
Wood & branch
smoke
stoke fire
Waste (garbage) burningSideway open burning
Agricultural Residue Burning
Identified emissions around Doi Ang Khang
AERONET sites over the region during the 7-SEAS Experiments
98oE 99oE 100oE 101oE 18oN
19oN
20oN
21oN
DAK (1536 m)Maeson (502 m)
Chiang Mai (312 m)
Alti
tude
[m]
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
New concept of AERONET deployments for resolving:1. Aerosol distributions in an unprecedented region of Indochina peninsula 2. Aerosol dynamics interacts with complex topography3. Aerosol vertical distribution and characteristics
Regional biomass-burning smoke haze3/1-4/15, 2014
3/01 3/06 3/11 3/16 3/21 3/26 3/31 4/05 4/10 4/150
0.51
1.52
2.53
3.54
4.5
AO
D a
t 500
nm
Date of year 2014
Doi Ang KhangMaesoonLuang NamthaSon La
Aerosol extinction profiles at Doi Ang Khang (DAK) in spring 2014
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.51.5
2
3
4
5
6
Alti
tude
(km
)
aerosol extinction (km-1)
Mean aerosol extinction profile at Doi Ang Khang
Number of profile = 50400Period : 01-Mar-2014 - 15-Apr-2014
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.51.5
2
3
4
5
6
Alti
tude
(km
)
aerosol extinction (km-1)
3-hourly aerosol extinction profile at Doi Ang Khang
07-10 LT10-13 LT13-16 LT16-19 LT19-22 LT22-01 LT01-04 LT04-07 LT
(a) mean profile (b) 3-hourly mean profile
PBL development plays a vital role on the distribution
Aerosol micro-physical measurementsat Doi Ang Khang
CCNC (DMT 100, 0.5 lpm, CCN conc.)
CPC (TSI, 3010, 1.0 lpm, CN conc.)
Aerotrak (TSI 9000, 2.5 lpm, Alv. S.A. conc.)
APS (TSI 3321, 5.0 lpm, course PSD)
TEOM (RP 1400, 16.7 lpm, PM2.5 mass conc.)
PSAP (Radiance Research, BC)
SMPS (TSI 3936, 0.3 lpm, fine PSD)
Aerosol Inlet (dp,a
The TC LAB | aEROSOL . Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering
SMPS Size Distribution – 3/13-3/20, 2013
The fire counts recorded by two satellite, Terra and Aqua. The recorded domain was 15∘N~22∘N and 90∘E~101∘E.
BB event
(Hsiao et al., 2016, AAQR)
2013-2015 7-SEAS/BASELInE
Aerosol-cloud interactions
Son La and Yen Bai sites in VN
Vertical distribution of Aerosol and Cloud in transition zone
Aerosol Optical Depth
Smoke-laden stratocumulus clouds
Smoke aerosols
(b) Aqua/MODIS AOD on 2013/3/15
(a) Aqua/MODIS true color image on 2013/3/15
Day/Night detected counts of aerosol and cloud according to CALIPSO (2007-2016) and CloudSat (2007-2011) datasets.
Impact of BB aerosols on
regional climate
Why it’s important of decoupling aerosol layer on radiative effects and atmospheric heating?
April 11, 2010 at DongshaIsland
(BB plume)AOD500 = 0.52SSA500 = 0.91DARESFC = -41 W m-2
(Mixed aerosols)AOD500 = 0.22SSA500 = 0.95
DARESFC = -10 Wm-2
DARE (p) = Fwa(p) – Fna(p)
The direct aerosol radiative effect (DARE, W m–2) was defined as:
where Fwa(p) and Fna(p) represent the net downward flux in the presence and absence of aerosols, respectively, at pressure level p.
ppF
cg
tT
p ∆=
∂∂ )(
where g is the gravitational acceleration, Cp is the specificheat at constant pressure
(Pani et al., 2016, JGR)
SMARTLabs/AERONET/MPLNET Regional InstrumentationTrace Gas – Column: O3, NO2, SO2, HCHO, CO,
H2O; – Surface: CO, CO2, O3, SO2, NO, NOx/NOy; – Profile: NO2, (O3 in progress)
Organic Carbon (OC): OC1 (120°C), OC2 (280°C), OC3 (480°C), OC4 (580°C), OP (pyrolyzed organic carbon, e.g., anhydrosugars, dicarboxylic acids)
Aerosol Optical Thickness: multi-spectral from UV to shortwave-IR, dust at longwave-IR, and extinction profile
Elemental Carbon (EC): EC1 (580°C – OP), EC2(740°C), EC3 (840°C)
Aerosol Microphysics/Chemistry: size, mass, type, CCN, hygroscopicity, scattering/absorption/extinction
Water soluble ions: Na+, NH4+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl-, NO3-, SO42-, nss-SO42-, NO2-, F-
Cloud Optical Thickness: multi-spectral from visible to longwave-IR
Toxic: Mercury, PCDD/Fs (dioxin)
Cloud Microphysics: size, liquid-/ice-water content, cloud-base/top/height, thermodynamic phase, Doppler fall-velocity, depolarization and reflectivity profiles
Metal: Ti, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, Tl, Pb, V, Cr, As, Y, Se, Zr, Nb, Ge, Rb, Cs, Ga, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd
Radiation Flux: surface solar and terrestrial irradiance UV radiation: spectral UV (erythemal) irradiance
Meteorology: P, T, RH, wind, mixed-layer height, precipitation, visibility
Supplementary data: sounding profile, sky image, particle spectroscopy/morphology, rainfall amount
7-SEAS/BASELInE Data Products
Future plan
7-SEAS Phase III for N. SEA Region
2016-2018 Data analysis and modeling Regional networking 2018 spring campaign 2018 fall campaign in collaboration
with NASA flight missions of SWmonsoon studies in SE Asia The 3rd special issue on JGR
7-SEAS 2018 spring campaign
March - mid-April 2018 Plume transport observation:
TH-VN-CN/HK-TWVertical profiling
Aerosol-cloud interaction in N. VN Sources from southern China? Impact studies
7-SEAS 2018 Spring field campaign
Terra/MODIS true color imagewith AOD (2013/3/23)
NCU
DongshaHengchun
LABS
Hanoi
Yen Bai
Phaimai
Doi Ang Khang
Son La
260 Km
Silpakorn Univ.
Chiang Mai
Luang NamthaHong Kong
Super siteSatellite siteAERONET site
Taiping
43
Specifications
Max. Payload 4 kg
Max. altitude 1200 m
Measuredparameters
Pressure, Temperature, RH, Radiation flux, PM conc.
T & RH profiles
Drone Measurements: Atmospheric (& Aerosol) Profiling
Fixed wing UAV
44
Chemical Sampler Micro-Controller
Inlet
OPC
ABS
MCPC
Aerosol Counting Composition Extinction and Sizing System
ACCESS includes:• Mixing-based Condensation Particle Counter • 3-wavelength absorption photometer• 8-channel automated filter sampler• Optical Particle Counter• Total power at 12 VDC: 60 watts• System size: 10(L) x 8(W) x 6(H) inches• System weight: 9.5 lbs (without battery)
ACCESS (BRECHTEL 9400)
Cloud-Aerosol-Monsoon Philippines Experiment (CAMPEx) -August and September 2018
Summary• BB aerosol chemical, microphysical and
radiative properties over Indochina region have been characterized.
• Transport pattern of BB plumes from Indochina region was described and verified by in-situ measurements.
• BB types in our sites nearby source region were identified.
• More to be studied…
Our group members
Contact:[email protected]:http://aerosol.atm.ncu.edu.tw
Welcome you to join 7-SEAS!Bring your instruments here!
48
Slide Number 1Primary collaborators:���Biomass Burning (BB) in SE Asia��7 SouthEast Asia Studies (7-SEAS)��Examples of spring campaigns results��Future plan����Biomass-burning haze in SEAPatterns of Total Smoke FluxSlide Number 6Seven South East Asian Studies �7-SEAS 7-SEAS activities since 2007What are the scientific issues of biomass-burning aerosol and related pollutants in SE Asia we concern about, particularly for Springs?7-SEAS Spring field campaignsSlide Number 11Slide Number 12Slide Number 13Slide Number 14�� Example spring campaigns results�� - Meteorology and transport� - Physical measurements� - Chemical measurements�����Slide Number 16Slide Number 17Slide Number 18Slide Number 19Slide Number 20Slide Number 21�Schematic diagram for illustrating how an intensified India-Burma Trough modulates the occurrence of biomass burning in northern Indochina and its downwind impact on Taiwan � (Huang et al., 2016, JGR). Slide Number 23Slide Number 24Slide Number 25Slide Number 26Slide Number 27Slide Number 28AERONET sites over the region during the 7-SEAS ExperimentsRegional biomass-burning smoke haze�3/1-4/15, 2014Aerosol extinction profiles at �Doi Ang Khang (DAK) in spring 2014 Aerosol micro-physical measurements�at Doi Ang KhangSMPS Size Distribution – 3/13-3/20, 2013 ��2013-2015 7-SEAS/BASELInE �Aerosol-cloud interactions�Son La and Yen Bai sites in VN�����Slide Number 35��Impact of BB aerosols on �regional climate�����Slide Number 377-SEAS/BASELInE Data Products��Future plan�����7-SEAS Phase III for N. SEA Region7-SEAS 2018 spring campaign7-SEAS 2018 Spring field campaignSlide Number 43Aerosol Counting Composition Extinction and Sizing SystemCloud-Aerosol-Monsoon Philippines Experiment (CAMPEx) -August and September 2018�Slide Number 46Slide Number 47Slide Number 48
