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chain of related events that tells us what happens in a story
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70 Literary Terms HOLT Literature
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Page 1: 70 Literary Terms HOLT Literature. plot chain of related events that tells us what happens in a story.

70 Literary Terms

HOLT Literature

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plot

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plotchain of related events that tells us what happens in a story

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conflict

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problem faced by a character

conflict

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resolved

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how the story turns out

resolved

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complications

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situations that create conflict

complications

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climax

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when the outcome of the conflictis decided

climax

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resolution

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the last part of the plot;the end of the story

resolution

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subplots

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parts that are part of the largerstory but are not as important

subplots

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parallelepisodes

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the storyteller repeats the main outline of an episode several times

parallelepisodes

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proposition

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propositionan opinion;usually in the beginning of a persuasivearticle

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facts

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factsthe results of scientific research and surveys

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statistics

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statisticsfacts in number form

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examples

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examplesspecific instances that illustratereasons or facts

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anecodotes

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brief stories, such as personal experiences

anecodotes

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opinion

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opiniona belief or an attitude

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foreshadowing

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clues that hint at what will happen later

foreshadowing

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characterization

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the way a writer reveals character

characterization

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motivation

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motivationwhat makes people behave the way they do

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motives

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motiveswhy characters do the things they do

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biography

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biographythe story of someone’s life writtenby another person

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actions

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actionswhat characters say and do

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character

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characterthe way someone is

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biased

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biasedone-sided, treatment of a subject

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autobiography

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the story of a writers own life by the writer

autobiography

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setting

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settingwhere and when a story takes place

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mood

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moodatmosphere; the feeling of the story

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chronology

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chronologytime order; what happens first, next, and last

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inference

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inferenceeducated guess based on clues the writer gives you and your own experience

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conclusion

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conclusionfinal thought or judgement about what you have read

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valid

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validboth true and logical

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generalization

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a broad statement that can applyto many situations

generalization

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theme

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themeanswers the question“What does this reveal?”

the general idea or insightabout human existence

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main idea

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main ideathe message, opinion, or insight that is central to a pieceof non-fiction

Page 66: 70 Literary Terms HOLT Literature. plot chain of related events that tells us what happens in a story.

refrain

Page 67: 70 Literary Terms HOLT Literature. plot chain of related events that tells us what happens in a story.

refrainrepeated sounds, words, phrases,lines, or a group of lines

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allusion

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allusiona reference to features of a culture that people share(literature, religion, history,mythology, sports)

Ex: “I have a dream” speech

Page 70: 70 Literary Terms HOLT Literature. plot chain of related events that tells us what happens in a story.

narrator

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narratorperson telling the story

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verbal irony

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verbal ironywe say just the opposite of whatwe mean

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situationalirony

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situationalirony

what happens is different fromwhat we expect

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dramatic irony

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dramatic irony

we know something a characterdoesn’t know

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fallaciousreasoning

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fallaciousreasoning

“false thinking”when people draw incorrect or false conclusionsEx: Because the world is flat, you’ll fall off if you sail to the end.

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sterotyping

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sterotyping

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sterotypingbelieving that all members of a group sharea certain characteristic

Ex: All teenagers are angry and rebellious, and they all sleep too late.

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fallacy

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fallacythe assumption that a problemor situation has only one possiblecause

Ex: If we don’t elect Jane classpresident, girls will have no say in running the school.

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analogy

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analogya comparison of two things to showhow they are alike; used to explainone concept by showing how it issimilar to another concept

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personification

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personification

a non-human thing is describedas if it were human or alive anddid something only living thingsdo

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metaphor

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metaphordirectly compares two very different things

Ex: The moon was a goldenGrapefruit high up in the sky.

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simile

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similecompares one thing to anotherusing like, as, than, resembles

Ex: The moon looked like a gleaming new penny.

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lyrics (poem)

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lyrics (poem)

poems that express feelings anddo not tell stories

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narrativepoem

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narrativepoem

a poem that tells a story

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ballad

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balladsong or a song like poem that tellsa story usually about lost love orbetrayal or death

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tall tale

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tall talean exaggerated, far fetched storythat betrayal or death is obviously not true

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exaggeration

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exaggerationstretching the truth

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epic

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epiclong narrative poem written in formal or elegant language thattells about a series of eventsundertaken by a great hero

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ode

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odeoriginated in Ancient Greece;celebrate a particular poem or thing

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sonnet

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sonnetfourteen line poem

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lambic

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lambicverse in which the stressis on every other syllable,starting with the unstressedbeat

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elegy

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elegya poem of mourning

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free verse

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free versedoes not follow a regular rhyme,scheme, or pattern

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alliteration

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alliterationrepetition of consonant sounds

Ex: snow falling fast

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onomatopoeia

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onomatopoeia

the use of words whose soundsecho their meaning

Ex: the chains saw’s buzz

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imagery

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imagerylanguage that evokes sensationsof light, sound, smell, taste, andtouch

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figures of speech

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figures of speech

language that is based on comparisons and is not literally true (metaphors, similes, personification)

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rhythm

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rhythmthe rise and fall of the voice,produced by sounds

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speaker

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speakerthe person who tells the storyor talks to you in the poem

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unity

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unityall the story’s details support themain idea or topic

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logic

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logiccorrect reasoning

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idiom

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idiommeans something different fromthe literal meaning of each word

Ex: “Hold your tongue” meansdon’t speak in English

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epilogue

Page 134: 70 Literary Terms HOLT Literature. plot chain of related events that tells us what happens in a story.

epiloguea brief closing section to a pieceof literature

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consumer

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consumersomeone who buys somethingor uses what someone else buys

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warranty

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warrantyspells out exactly what happensif the product doesn’t work properly and what you are required to do to receive service

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contract

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contractspells out exactly what serviceswill and will not be provided

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productinformation

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tells what the product will do

productinformation


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