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DOCUMENT RESUME ED 423 560 CS 509 904 TITLE Competent Communicators: K-12 Speaking, Listening, and Media Literacy Standards and Competency Statements. INSTITUTION National Communication Association, Annandale, VA. ISBN ISBN-0-944811-26-4 PUB DATE 1998-00-00 NOTE 71p. PUB TYPE Guides - Non-Classroom (055) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC03 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Academic Standards; Audience Awareness; *Communication Skills; Elementary Secondary Education; *Listening Skills; Mass Media Use; *Speech Communication IDENTIFIERS Communication Behavior; *Media Literacy ABSTRACT In response to the need for intentional, organized education in speaking, listening, and media literacy, the National Communication Association provides the Standards and Competency Statements in this document. The Standards and Competency Statements are not designed to be used as a curriculum; rather, they are designed to enhance and support curriculum. The Competency Statements under each of the 20 Standards are categorized according to three dimensions of communication competence: knowledge, behaviors, and attitudes. Within each of those three dimensions, the Competency Statements are grouped according to content and, when appropriate, increasing levels of difficulty. Some of the 20 Standards are: competent communicators demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the relationships among the components of the communication process and the influence of the individual, relationship, and situation on communication; competent communicators demonstrate the ability to demonstrate sensitivity to diversity when communicating; competent speakers demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the speaking process, and the ability to adapt communication strategies appropriately and effectively according to the needs of the situation and setting; competent listeners demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the listening process, and the ability to use appropriate and effective listening skills for a given communication situation and setting; and media literate communicators demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the ways people use media in their personal and public lives, and the ability to use media to communicate to specific audiences. Supplemental information includes the process for developing the standards and competency statements. (RS) ******************************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ********************************************************************************
Transcript
Page 1: 71p.DOCUMENT RESUME. ED 423 560 CS 509 904. TITLE Competent Communicators: K-12 Speaking, Listening, and Media. Literacy Standards and Competency Statements. INSTITUTION National Communication

DOCUMENT RESUME

ED 423 560 CS 509 904

TITLE Competent Communicators: K-12 Speaking, Listening, and MediaLiteracy Standards and Competency Statements.

INSTITUTION National Communication Association, Annandale, VA.ISBN ISBN-0-944811-26-4PUB DATE 1998-00-00NOTE 71p.

PUB TYPE Guides - Non-Classroom (055)EDRS PRICE MF01/PC03 Plus Postage.DESCRIPTORS Academic Standards; Audience Awareness; *Communication

Skills; Elementary Secondary Education; *Listening Skills;Mass Media Use; *Speech Communication

IDENTIFIERS Communication Behavior; *Media Literacy

ABSTRACTIn response to the need for intentional, organized education

in speaking, listening, and media literacy, the National CommunicationAssociation provides the Standards and Competency Statements in thisdocument. The Standards and Competency Statements are not designed to be usedas a curriculum; rather, they are designed to enhance and support curriculum.The Competency Statements under each of the 20 Standards are categorizedaccording to three dimensions of communication competence: knowledge,behaviors, and attitudes. Within each of those three dimensions, theCompetency Statements are grouped according to content and, when appropriate,increasing levels of difficulty. Some of the 20 Standards are: competentcommunicators demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the relationshipsamong the components of the communication process and the influence of theindividual, relationship, and situation on communication; competentcommunicators demonstrate the ability to demonstrate sensitivity to diversitywhen communicating; competent speakers demonstrate knowledge andunderstanding of the speaking process, and the ability to adapt communicationstrategies appropriately and effectively according to the needs of thesituation and setting; competent listeners demonstrate knowledge andunderstanding of the listening process, and the ability to use appropriateand effective listening skills for a given communication situation andsetting; and media literate communicators demonstrate knowledge andunderstanding of the ways people use media in their personal and publiclives, and the ability to use media to communicate to specific audiences.Supplemental information includes the process for developing the standardsand competency statements. (RS)

********************************************************************************

Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be madefrom the original document.

********************************************************************************

Page 2: 71p.DOCUMENT RESUME. ED 423 560 CS 509 904. TITLE Competent Communicators: K-12 Speaking, Listening, and Media. Literacy Standards and Competency Statements. INSTITUTION National Communication

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Page 3: 71p.DOCUMENT RESUME. ED 423 560 CS 509 904. TITLE Competent Communicators: K-12 Speaking, Listening, and Media. Literacy Standards and Competency Statements. INSTITUTION National Communication

CO

MPE

TE

NT

CO

MM

UN

ICA

TO

RS:

K-1

2 Sp

eaki

ng, L

iste

ning

, and

Med

ia L

itera

cySt

anda

rds

and

Com

pete

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Stat

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ts

"Exc

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from

lear

ning

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com

mun

icat

ion.

"

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hed

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Nat

iona

l Com

mun

icat

ion

Ass

ocia

tion

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Page 4: 71p.DOCUMENT RESUME. ED 423 560 CS 509 904. TITLE Competent Communicators: K-12 Speaking, Listening, and Media. Literacy Standards and Competency Statements. INSTITUTION National Communication

TH

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G, L

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EN

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Page 5: 71p.DOCUMENT RESUME. ED 423 560 CS 509 904. TITLE Competent Communicators: K-12 Speaking, Listening, and Media. Literacy Standards and Competency Statements. INSTITUTION National Communication

Nat

iona

l Com

mun

icat

ion

Ass

ocia

tion

Stan

dard

s an

d C

ompe

tenc

ies

Proj

ect

Proj

ect C

hair

Pam

ela

Coo

per

NC

A S

taff

Sher

wyn

Mor

real

e, P

roje

ct D

irec

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Car

olyn

Per

ry, P

roje

ct A

ssis

tant

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ting

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litat

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aron

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mitt

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evie

wer

sSt

anda

rds

Rev

isio

n T

eani

K-1

2 T

each

ers

Mel

issa

Bea

llJo

hn H

eine

man

Rob

ert B

ostr

omM

elis

sa B

eall

Cel

ia B

lotk

amp

Mar

y B

ozik

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lee

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inK

aren

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ter

Mar

y B

ozik

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bie

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oks

Car

olyn

Coa

ldey

-Hic

kers

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yndr

ey N

iles

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n G

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illia

m C

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Mel

bour

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umm

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reA

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iel

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emar

y D

illon

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anie

lR

icha

rd W

righ

tB

rian

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tzbe

rgJo

hn H

eine

man

Lis

a G

reen

And

rew

Wol

vin

Ric

hard

Wri

ght

Mic

hael

Kar

picu

sD

avid

Zar

efsk

yV

iola

Wils

on

Com

pete

ncie

s D

evel

opm

ent C

onun

ittee

Med

ia L

itera

cy T

ask

Forc

eD

ale

Cyp

hert

Lou

ise

Pier

son

Will

iam

Chr

ist,

chai

rC

aren

Dem

ing

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Lac

eyR

ay F

ento

nR

icha

rd Q

uian

thy

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y A

idm

anJe

ssic

a D

icke

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ary

Lar

son

Jam

es A

nder

son

Kar

en D

uffy

-Web

ster

Reb

ecca

Lin

dN

orm

a Fl

ores

Dia

ne R

itzdo

rfA

lyce

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ver

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y D

onna

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sK

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cock

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sten

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nks

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y B

eth

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erE

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anz

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isM

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orm

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Ter

ry N

ance

Dav

id W

endt

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glas

Bir

khea

dR

enee

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bsW

. Jam

es P

otte

rR

ober

t Neu

lieb

Dia

na W

ynn

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ings

Bry

ant

Car

ol K

oehl

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War

tella

Vir

gini

a O

'Kee

feC

hris

ty C

lark

Rob

ert K

ubey

Pat Y

azzi

e-O

lsen

Mar

y B

eth

Cla

rk

Thi

s pr

ojec

t was

dev

elop

ed u

nder

the

dire

ctio

n of

mem

bers

of

NC

A's

Edu

catio

nal P

olic

y B

oard

: Jim

App

lega

te, M

ary

Boz

ik, D

ebor

ah H

effe

rin,

Jud

yPe

arso

n, M

orri

s Sn

ivel

y, R

icha

rd W

est,

And

rew

Wol

vin.

The

Nat

iona

l Com

mun

icat

ion

Ass

ocia

tion

and

the

deve

lope

rs o

f ih

is p

roje

ctar

e in

debt

ed to

: '(1

) R

oy B

erko

and

the

deve

lope

rs o

f N

CA

's o

rigi

nal K

-12

stan

dard

s do

cum

ent,

who

se p

rior

wor

k w

as u

sed

in th

e cr

eatio

n of

this

doc

umen

t, an

d (2

) ot

her

asso

ciat

ions

, suc

has

the

Inte

rnat

iona

l Lis

teni

ng A

ssoc

iatio

n,w

hose

res

ourc

es in

form

ed th

is p

rese

nt w

ork.

Cov

er q

uote

by

Bri

an S

pitz

berg

., Ph

.D.,

Uni

vers

ity o

f So

uthe

rn C

alif

orni

a.

89

Page 6: 71p.DOCUMENT RESUME. ED 423 560 CS 509 904. TITLE Competent Communicators: K-12 Speaking, Listening, and Media. Literacy Standards and Competency Statements. INSTITUTION National Communication

INT

RO

DU

CT

ION

CO

MPE

TE

NT

CO

MM

UN

ICA

TO

RS:

K-1

2 Sp

eaki

ng, L

iste

ning

, and

Med

ia L

itera

cy S

tand

ards

and

Com

pete

ncie

s

WH

AT

IS

CO

MM

UN

ICA

TIO

N?

The

fie

ld o

f co

mm

unic

atio

n fo

cuse

s on

how

peo

ple

use

mes

sage

s to

gen

erat

e m

eani

ng w

ithin

and

acr

oss

vari

ous

cont

exts

, cul

ture

s, c

hann

els,

and

med

ia. T

he s

ubje

ct m

atte

rof

com

mun

icat

ion

stud

ies

is d

raw

n fr

om b

oth

clas

sica

l tra

ditio

ns

and

cont

empo

rary

rese

arch

.T

each

ers

inth

efi

eld

ofco

mm

unic

atio

n pr

omot

e th

e ef

fect

ive

and

ethi

cal p

ract

ice

ofhu

man

com

mun

icat

ion.

WH

AT

AR

E S

PEA

KIN

G, L

IST

EN

ING

, AN

D M

ED

IA L

ITE

RA

CY

?

Spea

king

, lis

teni

ng, a

nd m

edia

lite

racy

are

thre

e of

the

elem

ents

of

com

mun

icat

ion.

Eac

h of

thes

e el

emen

ts h

asdi

stin

guis

hing

cha

ract

eris

tics.

Spea

king

:Sp

eaki

ng is

the

uniq

uely

hum

an a

ct o

r pr

oces

s of

tran

smitt

ing

and

exch

angi

ng in

form

atio

n, id

eas,

and

em

otio

nsus

ing

oral

lang

uage

. Whe

ther

in d

aily

info

rmal

inte

ract

ions

or

in m

ore

form

alse

tting

s, c

omm

unic

ator

s ar

e re

quir

edto

orga

nize

coh

eren

t mes

sage

s, d

eliv

er th

em c

lear

ly, a

nd a

dapt

toth

eir

liste

ners

.

Lis

teni

ng:

Lis

teni

ng is

the

proc

ess

of r

ecei

ving

, con

stru

ctin

gm

eani

ng f

rom

, and

res

pond

ing

to s

poke

n an

d/or

non

verb

al

10

mes

sage

s.Pe

ople

cal

l on

diff

eren

t lis

teni

ng s

kills

dep

endi

ngon

whe

ther

thei

r go

al is

to c

ompr

ehen

din

form

atio

n, c

ritiq

uean

d ev

alua

te a

mes

sage

, sho

w e

mpa

thy

for

the

feel

ings

expr

esse

d by

oth

ers,

or

appr

ecia

te a

per

form

ance

.

Med

ia li

tera

cy: M

edia

lite

racy

is r

ecog

nize

d as

a f

unda

men

tal

com

pete

ncy

for

liter

ate

citiz

ens.

A m

edia

lite

rate

per

son

unde

rsta

nds

how

wor

ds, i

mag

es, a

nd s

ound

s in

flue

nce

the

way

mea

ning

s ar

e cr

eate

d an

d sh

ared

in c

onte

mpo

rary

soc

iety

inw

ays

that

are

bot

h su

btle

and

prof

ound

.A

med

ia li

tera

tepe

rson

is e

quip

ped

to a

ssig

n va

lue,

wor

th, a

nd m

eani

ng to

med

ia u

se a

nd m

edia

mes

sage

s.

ii

Page 7: 71p.DOCUMENT RESUME. ED 423 560 CS 509 904. TITLE Competent Communicators: K-12 Speaking, Listening, and Media. Literacy Standards and Competency Statements. INSTITUTION National Communication

12

WH

Y S

TU

DY

CO

MM

UN

ICA

TIO

N?

Und

erst

andi

ng a

nd s

kill

in c

onm

iuni

catio

n m

ust b

e a

vita

l par

tof

K th

ough

12

educ

atio

n. T

here

is g

row

ing

awar

enes

s of

the

rela

tions

hip

betw

een

stud

ent s

ucce

ss in

gra

des

K th

roug

h 12

and

com

pete

nt c

omm

unic

atio

n sk

ills.

Com

mun

icat

ion

shap

esou

r se

nse

of s

elf

and

the

way

we

inte

ract

with

our

env

iron

men

t,fr

om g

athe

ring

and

pre

sent

ing

info

rmat

ion

tom

anag

ing

conf

lict.

Tal

king

, hea

ring

, and

see

ing

are,

for

mos

t peo

ple,

natu

ral

phys

iolo

gica

lpr

oces

ses.

By

cont

rast

,sp

eaki

ng,

liste

ning

, and

med

ia li

tera

cy a

re le

arne

d.It

is a

mis

takc

to

2

assu

me

that

bec

ause

stu

dent

s ca

n ta

lk a

nd h

ear

and

see

whe

nth

ey e

nter

sch

ool,

they

req

uire

no

syst

emat

ic in

stru

ctio

n in

unde

rsta

ndin

g an

d us

ing

com

mun

icat

ion

skill

s.St

uden

tssh

ould

no

mor

e be

dep

rive

d of

inte

ntio

nal,

orga

nize

d ed

ucat

ion

in s

peak

ing,

list

enin

g, a

nd m

edia

lite

racy

than

they

are

dep

rive

dof

inst

ruct

ion

in r

eadi

ng, w

ritin

g, m

athe

mat

ics,

or

scie

nce.

Inre

spon

se to

that

nee

d fo

r co

mm

unic

atio

n in

stru

ctio

n, th

eN

atio

nal C

omm

unic

atio

n A

ssoc

iatio

n (N

CA

) pr

ovid

es th

eSt

anda

rds

and

Com

pete

ncy

Stat

emen

ts in

this

doc

umen

t.

PUR

POSE

OF

TH

E N

CA

K-1

2 ST

AN

DA

RD

S A

ND

CO

MPE

TE

NC

IES

DO

CU

ME

NT

The

Sta

ndar

ds a

nd C

ompe

tenc

y St

atem

ents

are

not

des

igne

d to

be u

sed

as a

cur

ricu

lum

: rat

her,

they

are

des

igne

d to

enh

ance

and

supp

ort c

urri

culu

m. I

tis

not

the

inte

ntio

n of

NC

A to

dict

ate

wha

t sho

uld

be ta

ught

inan

y cl

assr

oom

. The

Com

pete

ncy

Stat

emen

ts a

re in

tend

ed to

pro

vide

dir

ectio

n fo

rth

ose

teac

hing

com

mun

icat

ion

inK

-12

educ

atio

n.A

fort

hcom

ing

NC

A p

ublic

atio

n of

cur

ricu

lar

teac

hing

act

iviti

esw

ill b

e in

crea

se th

e us

eful

ness

of

this

doc

umen

t to

K-1

2te

ache

rs.

Dis

cuss

ion

of th

e pr

oces

s us

ed to

crea

te th

edo

cum

ent a

nd o

ther

issu

es a

ppea

rs in

a s

uppl

emen

t at t

he e

ndof

the

docu

men

t.

TH

E C

ON

CE

PTU

AL

ST

RU

CT

UR

E O

F T

HE

CO

MPE

TE

NC

Y S

TA

TE

ME

NT

S

The

Com

pete

ncy

Stat

emen

tsun

der

each

Stan

dard

are

cate

gori

zed

acco

rdin

g to

thre

e di

men

sion

s of

com

mun

icat

ion

com

pete

nce;

that

is, k

now

ledg

e, b

ehav

iors

, and

atti

tude

s (s

eedi

scus

sion

on

page

28)

. With

in e

ach

of th

ose

thre

e di

men

sion

s,th

e C

ompe

tenc

y St

atem

ents

are

gro

uped

acc

ordi

ng to

cont

ent a

nd, w

hen

appr

opri

ate,

inin

crea

sing

leve

ls o

f

diff

icul

ty a

s in

dica

ted

from

the

verb

s dr

awn

from

Blo

om's

taxo

nom

y (s

ee p

age

27).

Whe

neve

r po

ssib

le, t

he C

ompe

tenc

ySt

atem

ents

are

conc

eptu

ally

linke

dac

ross

know

ledg

e,at

titud

es, a

nd b

ehav

iors

. How

ever

, the

link

ing

acro

ssco

mpe

tenc

ies

shou

ld n

ot b

e in

terp

rete

d as

an

abso

lute

one

on o

ne r

elat

ions

hip,

all

of th

e tim

e.13

Page 8: 71p.DOCUMENT RESUME. ED 423 560 CS 509 904. TITLE Competent Communicators: K-12 Speaking, Listening, and Media. Literacy Standards and Competency Statements. INSTITUTION National Communication

STA

ND

AR

DS

FOR

SPE

AK

ING

, LIS

TE

NIN

G,A

ND

ME

DIA

LIT

ER

AC

Y I

N K

-12

ED

UC

AT

ION

Fund

amen

tals

of

Eff

ectiv

e C

onun

unic

atio

n

Com

pete

nt c

omm

unic

ator

s de

mon

stra

te k

now

ledg

e an

dun

ders

tand

ing

of.

..

1.th

e re

latio

nshi

ps a

mon

g th

e co

mpo

nent

s of

the

com

mun

icat

ion

proc

ess.

2.th

e in

flue

nce

of th

e in

divi

dual

, rel

atio

nshi

p, a

ndsi

tuat

ion

on c

omm

unic

atio

n.3.

the

role

of

com

mun

icat

ion

in th

e de

velo

pmen

t and

mai

nten

ance

of

pers

onal

rel

atio

nshi

ps.

4.th

e ro

le o

f co

mm

unic

atio

n in

cre

atin

g m

eani

ng,

infl

uenc

ing

thou

ght,

and

mak

ing

deci

sion

s.C

ompe

tent

com

mun

icat

ors

dem

onst

rate

the

abili

ty to

..

.

5.de

mon

stra

te s

ensi

tivity

to d

iver

sity

whe

n co

mm

unic

atin

g.6.

enha

nce

rela

tions

hips

and

res

olve

con

flic

t usi

ngap

prop

riat

e an

d ef

fect

ive

com

mun

icat

ion

stra

tegi

es.

7.ev

alua

te c

omm

unic

atio

n st

yles

, str

ateg

ies,

and

con

tent

base

d on

thei

r ae

sthe

tic a

nd f

unct

iona

l wor

th.

8.sh

ow s

ensi

tivity

to th

e et

hica

l iss

ues

asso

ciat

ed w

ithco

mm

unic

atio

n in

a d

emoc

ratic

soc

iety

.

Spea

king

Com

pete

nt s

peak

ers

dem

onst

rate

..

.

9.kn

owle

dge

and

unde

rsta

ndin

g of

the

spea

king

pro

cess

.10

.th

e ab

ility

to a

dapt

com

mun

icat

ion

stra

tegi

es a

ppro

pria

tely

and

effe

ctiv

ely

acco

rdin

g to

the

need

s of

the

situ

atio

n an

d se

tting

.11

.th

e ab

ility

to u

se la

ngua

ge th

at c

lari

fies

, per

suad

es, a

nd/o

rin

spir

es w

hile

res

pect

ing

diff

eren

ces

in li

sten

ers'

bac

kgro

unds

.12

.th

e ab

ility

to m

anag

e or

ove

rcom

e co

mm

unic

atio

n an

xiet

y.

14

Lis

teni

ng

Com

pete

nt li

sten

ers

dem

onst

rate

..

.

13.

know

ledg

e an

d un

ders

tand

ing

of th

elis

teni

ng p

roce

ss.

14.

the

abili

ty to

use

app

ropr

iate

and

eff

ectiv

elis

teni

ng s

kills

for

a g

iven

com

mun

icat

ion

situ

atio

n an

d se

tting

.15

.th

e ab

ility

to id

entif

y an

d m

anag

e ba

rrie

rs to

liste

ning

. Med

ia L

itera

cy

Med

ia li

tera

te c

omm

unic

ator

s de

mon

stra

te .

..

16.

know

ledg

e an

d un

ders

tand

ing

of th

e w

ays

peop

leus

e m

edia

in th

eir

pers

onal

and

pub

lic li

ves.

17.

know

ledg

e an

d un

ders

tand

ing

of th

e co

mpl

exre

latio

nshi

ps a

mon

g au

dien

ces

and

med

ia c

onte

nt.

18.

know

ledg

e an

d un

ders

tand

ing

that

med

iaco

nten

t is

prod

uced

with

in s

ocia

l and

cul

tura

lco

ntex

ts.

19.

know

ledg

e an

d un

ders

tand

ing

of th

eco

mm

erci

al n

atur

e of

med

ia.

20.

the

abili

ty to

use

med

ia to

com

mun

icat

e to

spec

ific

aud

ienc

es.

15

3

Page 9: 71p.DOCUMENT RESUME. ED 423 560 CS 509 904. TITLE Competent Communicators: K-12 Speaking, Listening, and Media. Literacy Standards and Competency Statements. INSTITUTION National Communication

Fund

amen

tals

of

Eff

ectiv

e C

omm

unic

atio

n

Stan

dard

1C

ompe

tent

com

mun

icat

ors

dem

onst

rate

kno

wle

dge

and

unde

rsta

ndin

g of

the

rela

tions

hips

am

ong

the

com

pone

nts

of th

e co

mm

unic

atio

npr

oces

s.

Com

pete

nt c

omm

unic

ator

s...

Kno

wle

dRe

Beh

avio

rsA

ttitu

de1-

1

1-2

iden

tify

and

desc

ribe

the

com

pone

nts

of th

eco

mm

unic

atio

n pr

oces

s (s

peak

er, l

iste

ner,

mes

sage

, med

ium

, fee

dbac

k, a

nd n

oise

).ex

plai

n ho

w th

e co

mpo

nent

s of

a c

omm

unic

atio

nm

odel

aff

ect t

he c

omm

unic

atio

n pr

oces

s.

1-3

iden

tify

the

rela

tions

hip

betw

een

nonv

erba

l and

ver

bal c

omm

unic

atio

n.

1-4

iden

tify

sour

ces

of in

terf

eren

ces.

1-5

iden

tify

situ

atio

nal a

nd s

ocia

l fac

tors

that

infl

uenc

e co

mm

unic

atio

n.1-

6ex

plai

n ho

w c

omm

unic

atio

n is

a s

hare

dpr

oces

s be

twee

n sp

eake

r an

d lis

tene

r.1-

7ex

plai

n th

e ro

le o

f fe

edba

ck.

1-8

expl

ain

the

diff

eren

ce b

etw

een

the

oral

and

wri

tten

com

mun

icat

ion

proc

ess.

1-9

iden

tify

diff

eren

t pur

pose

s fo

r co

mm

unic

atin

g.1-

10di

stin

guis

h be

twee

n di

ffer

ent p

urpo

ses

for

com

mun

icat

ing.

16

use

voca

l qua

litie

s (p

itch,

rat

e, to

ne,

volu

me,

etc

.), w

ords

, and

non

verb

alcu

es to

cre

ate

and

inte

rpre

t mea

ning

.

1-12

appr

ecia

te th

e dy

nam

ic a

ndco

mpl

ex n

atur

e of

the

com

mun

icat

ion

proc

ess.

4

Page 10: 71p.DOCUMENT RESUME. ED 423 560 CS 509 904. TITLE Competent Communicators: K-12 Speaking, Listening, and Media. Literacy Standards and Competency Statements. INSTITUTION National Communication

5

Fund

amen

tals

of

Eff

ectiv

e C

omm

unic

atio

n

Stan

dard

2C

ompe

tent

com

mun

icat

ors

dem

onst

rate

kno

wle

dge

and

unde

rsta

ndin

g of

the

infl

uenc

e of

the

indi

vidu

al, r

elat

ions

hip,

and

situ

atio

n on

com

mun

icat

ion

Com

pete

nt c

omm

unic

ator

s ...

Kno

wle

dge

Beh

avio

rsA

ttitu

de

2-1

desc

ribe

thei

r sh

iftin

g ro

les

in a

var

iety

of

com

mun

icat

ion

inte

ract

ions

.2-

2de

scri

be th

e in

flue

nce

of th

e in

divi

dual

on

com

mun

icat

ion.

2-3

desc

ribe

the

infl

uenc

e of

rel

atio

nshi

ps o

nco

mm

unic

atio

n.2-

4de

scri

be th

e in

flue

nce

of c

onte

xt o

nco

mm

unic

atio

n.

2-5

anal

yze

fact

ors

that

infl

uenc

e co

mm

unic

atio

nch

oice

s.2-

6se

lect

str

ateg

ies

appr

opri

ate

to a

com

mun

icat

ion

situ

atio

n.

2-7

use

thei

r ex

peri

ence

s an

d kn

owle

dge

to2-

14re

spec

t the

div

ersi

ty o

fin

terp

ret m

essa

ges.

com

mun

icat

ion

stra

tegi

es u

sed

by in

divi

dual

s.

2-8

use

cont

extu

al f

acto

rs to

mod

ify

com

mun

icat

ion.

2-9

dem

onst

rate

abi

lity

to c

onst

ruct

dif

fere

ntm

essa

ges

that

com

mun

icat

e th

e "s

ame"

mea

ning

to d

iffe

rent

peo

ple.

2-10

mon

itor

the

com

mun

icat

ion

beha

vior

of s

elf

and

othe

rs.

2-11

appl

y ap

prop

riat

e an

d ef

fect

ive

com

mun

icat

ion

stra

tegi

es a

ppro

pria

te f

orth

e si

tuat

ion.

2-12

adap

t com

mun

icat

ion

beha

vior

to c

hang

ing

situ

atio

ns.

2-13

use

appr

opri

ate

and

effe

ctiv

eco

mm

unic

atio

n st

rate

gies

for

a g

iven

con

text

.2-15

acce

pt r

espo

nsib

ility

to c

hang

eco

mm

unic

atio

n st

rate

gies

whe

nco

mm

unic

atio

n is

not

app

ropr

iate

or e

ffec

tive.

1819

Page 11: 71p.DOCUMENT RESUME. ED 423 560 CS 509 904. TITLE Competent Communicators: K-12 Speaking, Listening, and Media. Literacy Standards and Competency Statements. INSTITUTION National Communication

Fund

amen

tals

of

Eff

ectiv

e C

omm

unic

atio

n

Stan

dard

3C

ompe

tent

com

mun

icat

ors

dem

onst

rate

kno

wle

dge

and

unde

rsta

ndin

g of

the

role

of

com

mun

icat

ion

in th

e de

velo

pmen

t and

mai

nten

ance

of

pers

onal

rela

tions

hips

.

Com

pete

nt c

omm

unic

ator

s...

Kno

wle

dRe

Beh

avio

rsA

ttitu

de3-

1de

scri

be th

e ro

le o

f co

mm

unic

atio

n in

rel

atio

nshi

ps.

3-2

desc

ribe

the

fact

ors

infl

uenc

ing

soci

al in

tera

ctio

ns.

3-9

3-3

desc

ribe

the

role

of

self

-con

cept

in r

elat

ions

hips

.3-

4de

scri

be th

e ro

le o

f se

lf-d

iscl

osur

e in

rel

atio

nshi

ps.

3-5

reco

gniz

e th

e im

port

ance

of

dive

rse

indi

vidu

alpe

rcep

tions

in in

terp

erso

nal r

elat

ions

hips

.3-

6de

scri

be th

e ro

le o

f tr

ust i

n re

latio

nshi

ps.

3-7

desc

ribe

the

role

of

conf

lict i

n re

latio

nshi

ps.

3-8

desc

ribe

the

role

of

cons

truc

tive

criti

cism

inin

terp

erso

nal r

elat

ions

hips

.

20

3-10

3-11

3-12

3-13

use

soci

al c

onve

ntio

ns to

mai

ntai

n a

conv

ersa

tion.

use

lang

uage

that

con

trib

utes

to p

ositi

vere

latio

nshi

ps.

use

com

mun

icat

ion

stra

tegi

es th

at a

void

crea

ting

defe

nsiv

enes

s.us

e co

mm

unic

atio

n to

enh

ance

rela

tions

hips

.us

e co

nflic

t man

agem

ent s

trat

egie

s in

rela

tions

hips

.3-

14of

fer

cons

truc

tive

criti

cism

.3-

15re

spon

d to

con

stru

ctiv

e cr

itici

sm a

s a

posi

tive

aspe

ct o

f in

terp

erso

nal c

omm

unic

atio

n.3-16

3-17

3-18

6

appr

ecia

te th

e im

port

ance

of

com

mun

icat

ion

in th

e de

velo

pmen

tan

d m

aint

enan

ce o

f re

latio

nshi

ps.

show

will

ingn

ess

to le

arn

the

soci

al c

usto

ms

of o

ther

gro

ups.

appr

ecia

te th

e po

ssib

le p

ositi

veim

pact

of

conf

lict o

n re

latio

nshi

ps.

21

Page 12: 71p.DOCUMENT RESUME. ED 423 560 CS 509 904. TITLE Competent Communicators: K-12 Speaking, Listening, and Media. Literacy Standards and Competency Statements. INSTITUTION National Communication

Fund

amen

tals

of

Eff

ectiv

e C

omm

unic

atio

n

Stan

dard

4C

ompe

tent

com

mun

icat

ors

dem

onst

rate

kno

wle

dge

and

unde

rsta

ndin

g of

the

role

of

com

mun

icat

ion

in c

reat

ing

mea

ning

, inf

luen

cing

thou

ght,

and

mak

ing

deci

sion

s.

Com

pete

nt c

omm

unic

ator

s . .

.K

now

ledg

eB

ehav

iors

Atti

tude

4-1

reco

gniz

e th

e po

wer

of

lang

uage

.4-

16us

e cu

ltura

lly s

ensi

tive

lang

uage

.4-

17us

e la

ngua

ge th

at is

sen

sitiv

e to

indi

vidu

al d

iffe

renc

es.

4-2

expl

ain

the

diff

eren

ce b

etw

een

deno

tatio

n an

dco

nnot

atio

n.4-

3ex

plai

n th

e co

nten

t and

rel

atio

nal m

eani

ngs

of m

essa

ges.

4-4

dist

ingu

ish

betw

een

fact

s an

d op

inio

ns.

4-5

reco

gniz

e th

at in

fere

nces

and

ass

umpt

ions

are

base

d on

lim

ited

info

rmat

ion.

4-6

inte

rpre

t the

em

otio

nal m

eani

ng o

f a

mes

sage

.4-

18

4-7

reco

gniz

e co

ntra

dict

ions

bet

wee

n ve

rbal

and

4-19

nonv

erba

l mes

sage

s.

4-8

dist

ingu

ish

betw

een

stat

ed a

nd im

plie

dm

eani

ngs

of a

mes

sage

.4-

9di

stin

guis

h am

ong

diff

eren

t pur

pose

s of

mes

sage

s.4-

10di

stin

guis

h be

twee

n lit

eral

and

fig

urat

ive

mea

ning

s of

mes

sage

s.4-

11ex

plai

n ho

w c

omm

unic

atio

n ca

n le

ad to

shar

ed m

eani

ng.

4-12

expl

ain

how

indi

vidu

al a

nd s

ocia

l exp

erie

nces

affe

ct th

e cr

eatio

n an

d un

ders

tand

ing

of m

essa

ges.

4-13

expl

ain

how

com

mun

icat

ion

infl

uenc

es p

erce

ptio

ns.

4-14

expl

ain

how

con

vers

atio

ns a

ffec

t a c

omm

unic

ator

'svi

ews

on s

peci

fic

issu

es.

4-15

reco

gniz

e th

e ro

le o

f co

mm

unic

atio

n in

life

situ

atio

ns(e

.g.,

polit

ics,

adv

ertis

ing,

and

fam

ily).

22

resp

ond

appr

opri

atel

y an

d ef

fect

ivel

yto

the

emot

iona

l mea

ning

s of

mes

sage

s.us

e al

tern

ativ

e st

rate

gies

whe

nco

mm

unic

atio

n is

inap

prop

riat

e or

inef

fect

ive.

4-20

show

will

ingn

ess

to e

ngag

ein

com

mun

icat

ion

to g

ener

ate

idea

s.4-

21ap

prec

iate

how

the

sam

e m

essa

gem

ay b

e in

terp

rete

d di

ffer

ently

by

othe

rs.

23

7

Page 13: 71p.DOCUMENT RESUME. ED 423 560 CS 509 904. TITLE Competent Communicators: K-12 Speaking, Listening, and Media. Literacy Standards and Competency Statements. INSTITUTION National Communication

Fund

amen

tals

of

Eff

ectiv

e C

omm

unic

atio

n

Stan

dard

5C

ompe

tent

com

mun

icat

ors

dem

onst

rate

sen

sitiv

ity to

div

ersi

ty w

hen

com

mun

icat

ing.

Com

pete

nt c

omm

unic

ator

s..

.K

now

ledg

eB

ehav

iors

Atti

tude

5-1

expl

ain

the

conc

epts

of

indi

vidu

al, s

ocia

l, an

dcu

ltura

l div

ersi

ty.

5-2

reco

gniz

e th

e ef

fect

s of

div

ersi

ty o

nco

mm

unic

atio

n.5-

3id

entif

y st

rate

gies

for

ana

lyzi

ng a

udie

nces

.

5-4

iden

tify

stra

tegi

es a

ppro

pria

te f

or c

omm

unic

atin

gw

ith v

ario

us a

udie

nces

.

5-5

reco

gniz

e di

verg

ent p

ersp

ectiv

es.

5-6

dist

ingu

ish

betw

een

supp

ortiv

e an

d un

supp

ortiv

eau

dien

ces.

5-7

sele

ct th

e m

ost a

ppro

pria

te a

nd e

ffec

tive

med

ium

for

com

mun

icat

ing.

5-8

orga

nize

mes

sage

s so

that

mos

t lis

tene

rs c

anun

ders

tand

.5-

9as

sess

div

erge

nt p

ersp

ectiv

es.

24

5-10

use

and

crea

te m

essa

ges

that

are

cul

tura

llyin

clus

ive.

5-11

use

info

rmat

ion

abou

t aud

ienc

e m

embe

rsto

cre

ate

and

deliv

er m

essa

ges.

5-12

use

iden

tifie

d st

rate

gies

to c

omm

unic

ate

in a

n ap

prop

riat

e an

d ef

fect

ive

man

ner

with

an a

udie

nce.

5-13

reco

gniz

e an

d re

spon

d to

cul

tura

l and

soci

al d

iffe

renc

es w

ithin

an

audi

ence

.

5-14

mak

e ad

just

men

ts d

urin

g a

pres

enta

tion

to p

rom

ote

unde

rsta

ndin

g.

5-15

appr

ecia

te d

iver

sity

in s

ocie

tyan

d its

eff

ects

on

com

mun

icat

ion.

5-16

show

will

ingn

ess

to c

omm

unic

ate

with

oth

ers

who

hav

e di

verg

ent

opin

ions

.5-

17re

spec

t the

div

ersi

ty o

f op

inio

nshe

ld b

y au

dien

ce m

embe

rs.

5-18

acce

pt r

espo

nsib

ility

for

str

ateg

ies

used

to c

omm

unic

ate

with

an

unsu

ppor

tive

audi

ence

.

8

2 5

Page 14: 71p.DOCUMENT RESUME. ED 423 560 CS 509 904. TITLE Competent Communicators: K-12 Speaking, Listening, and Media. Literacy Standards and Competency Statements. INSTITUTION National Communication

Fund

amen

tals

of

Eff

ectiv

e C

omm

unic

atio

n

Stan

dard

6C

ompe

tent

com

mun

icat

ors

dem

onst

rate

the

abili

ty to

enh

ance

rel

atio

nshi

ps a

nd r

esol

ve c

onfl

ict u

sing

app

ropr

iate

and

eff

ectiv

eco

mm

unic

atio

n st

rate

gies

.

Com

pete

nt c

omm

unic

ator

s . .

.K

now

ledg

eB

ehav

iors

Atti

tude

6-1

dete

rmin

e w

hen

othe

rs d

o no

t und

erst

and.

6-2

iden

tify

lang

uage

that

may

enh

ance

rel

atio

nshi

ps.

6-3

iden

tify

lang

uage

that

may

lead

to c

onfl

ict.

6-4

dist

ingu

ish

betw

een

desc

ript

ive

and

eval

uativ

ela

ngua

ge.

6-5

ackn

owle

dge

effe

cts

of s

ocia

l and

cul

tura

ldi

vers

ity o

n co

nflic

t.

6-6

reco

gniz

e so

cial

ly a

ccep

tabl

e st

anda

rds

for

com

mun

icat

ion

beha

vior

.

6-7

desc

ribe

var

ious

pro

blem

-sol

ving

str

ateg

ies.

6-8

sele

ct r

elev

ant a

nd a

dequ

ate

evid

ence

tosu

ppor

t arg

umen

ts.

26

6-9

seek

, off

er, a

nd r

espo

nd to

info

rmat

ion

to p

rom

ote

unde

rsta

ndin

g.6-

10us

e ap

prop

riat

e la

ngua

ge to

exp

ress

conf

licts

in w

ays

that

enh

ance

rela

tions

hips

.6-

11us

e ap

prop

riat

e la

ngua

ge to

res

pond

toot

hers

' fee

lings

.6-

12de

mon

stra

te a

bilit

y to

com

mun

icat

e to

unde

rsta

nd s

ocia

l and

cul

tura

l dif

fere

nces

.

6-13

colla

bora

te to

sol

ve c

onfl

icts

.6-

14de

mon

stra

te u

se o

f ap

prop

riat

e an

def

fect

ive

conf

lict m

anag

emen

t ski

lls.

6-15

dem

onst

rate

ope

n-m

inde

d an

dem

path

ic li

sten

ing

beha

vior

s.6-

16us

e a

prob

lem

-sol

ving

seq

uenc

e to

mak

e de

cisi

ons.

6-17

dem

onst

rate

abi

lity

to b

uild

and

mai

ntai

nco

nstr

uctiv

e re

latio

nshi

ps.

6-18

dem

onst

rate

abi

lity

to c

ontr

ol th

eir

emot

ions

whe

n fa

ced

with

neg

ativ

ecr

itici

sm.

6-19

dem

onst

rate

ass

ertiv

enes

s w

hen

appr

opri

ate.

6-20

dem

onst

rate

abi

lity

to u

se a

ppro

pria

tese

lf-d

iscl

osur

e to

enh

ance

rel

atio

nshi

ps.

6-21

dem

onst

rate

abi

lity

to e

ncou

rage

oth

ers

whe

n ap

prop

riat

e to

dis

clos

e in

form

atio

n.6-

22de

mon

stra

te u

se o

f ap

prop

riat

e an

def

fect

ive

nego

tiatio

n sk

ills.

9

6-23

appr

ecia

te th

e w

ays

in w

hich

conf

lict c

an e

nhan

ce r

elat

ions

hips

.6-

24sh

ow w

illin

gnes

s to

sol

ve c

onfl

icts

in w

ays

that

enh

ance

rel

atio

nshi

ps.

6-25

show

will

ingn

ess

to f

ind

stra

tegi

esto

ove

rcom

e so

cial

and

cul

tura

lba

rrie

rs.

6-26

appr

ecia

te th

e ro

le o

f co

nflic

tre

solu

tion

in m

aint

aini

ngre

latio

nshi

ps.

6-27

show

will

ingn

ess

to e

ngag

ein

pro

blem

-sol

ving

str

ateg

ies.

6-28

resp

ect t

he d

iver

gent

opi

nion

s of

othe

rs.

27

Page 15: 71p.DOCUMENT RESUME. ED 423 560 CS 509 904. TITLE Competent Communicators: K-12 Speaking, Listening, and Media. Literacy Standards and Competency Statements. INSTITUTION National Communication

Fund

amen

tals

of

Eff

ectiv

e C

omm

unic

atio

n

10

Stan

dard

7C

ompe

tent

com

mun

icat

ors

dem

onst

rate

the

abili

ty to

eva

luat

e co

mm

unic

atio

n st

yles

, str

ateg

ies,

and

cont

ent b

ased

on

thei

r ae

sthe

tic a

nd f

unct

iona

l wor

th.

Com

pete

nt c

onun

unic

ator

sK

now

ledg

eB

ehav

iors

Atti

tude

7-1

defi

ne a

esth

etic

s.7-

2de

fine

fun

ctio

ns o

f co

mm

unic

atio

n (i

nfor

min

g,in

flue

ncin

g, r

elat

ing,

imag

inin

g, a

ppre

ciat

ing,

ritu

aliz

ing)

.7-

3de

scri

be c

onve

rsat

iona

l sty

les.

7-4

iden

tify

crite

ria

for

sele

ctin

g m

ater

ials

and

text

s fo

r a

give

n co

mm

unic

atio

n si

tuat

ion.

7-5

iden

tify

crite

ria

( e.

g., t

opic

, con

text

, goa

ls)

for

eval

uatin

g th

e fu

nctio

n an

d ae

sthe

tics

ofco

mm

unic

atio

n st

rate

gies

.

7-6

sele

ct s

trat

egie

s to

use

in a

giv

en c

omm

unic

atio

nsi

tuat

ion

acco

rdin

g to

thei

r fu

nctio

nal a

nd a

esth

etic

wor

th.

7-7

eval

uate

the

shor

t- a

nd lo

ng-t

erm

eff

ects

of

vari

ous

com

mun

icat

ion

stra

tegi

es.

28

7-8

appl

y cr

iteri

a to

eva

luat

e ev

ents

bas

edon

fun

ctio

n.

7-9

adap

t con

vers

atio

nal s

tyle

s to

var

ious

cont

exts

.

7-10

show

will

ingn

ess

to a

pply

ava

riet

y of

cri

teri

a in

eva

luat

ing

an a

esth

etic

eve

nt.

7-11

appr

ecia

te v

ario

us c

onve

rsat

iona

lst

yles

.

7-12

resp

ect t

he c

reat

ive

expr

essi

onof

oth

ers.

7-13

resp

ect t

he r

ight

of

othe

rs to

dif

fer

in th

eir

eval

uatio

n of

an

aest

hetic

even

t.

2 9

Page 16: 71p.DOCUMENT RESUME. ED 423 560 CS 509 904. TITLE Competent Communicators: K-12 Speaking, Listening, and Media. Literacy Standards and Competency Statements. INSTITUTION National Communication

Fund

amen

tals

of

Eff

ectiv

e C

omm

unic

atio

n

Stan

dard

8C

ompe

tent

com

mun

icat

ors

dem

onst

rate

the

abili

ty to

sho

w s

ensi

tivity

to th

e et

hica

l iss

ues

asso

ciat

ed w

ith c

omm

unic

atio

n in

a d

emoc

ratic

soc

iety

.

Com

pete

nt c

omm

unic

ator

s ...

Kno

wle

dge

Beh

avio

rsA

ttitu

de

8-1

expl

ain

the

impo

rtan

ce o

f fr

eedo

m o

f sp

eech

ina

dem

ocra

tic s

ocie

ty.

8-2

defi

ne e

thic

al c

omm

unic

atio

n.8-

11ap

ply

ethi

cal s

tand

ards

in a

ll8-

3ex

plai

n th

e im

port

ance

of

ethi

cal

com

mun

icat

ion

situ

atio

ns.

com

mun

icat

ion.

8-4

reco

gniz

e th

e ro

le o

f et

hics

in c

omm

unic

atio

n.8-

5se

lect

lang

uage

that

is r

espe

ctfu

l of

othe

rs.

8-6

sele

ct in

clus

ive

lang

uage

in a

ddre

ssin

g ot

hers

.8-

7se

lect

lang

uage

that

cla

rifi

es r

athe

r th

an o

bscu

res.

8-12

8-13

8-14

8-8

reco

gniz

e th

eir

ethi

cal r

espo

nsib

ility

to c

halle

nge

8-15

harm

ful s

tere

otyp

ical

or

prej

udic

ial c

omm

unic

atio

n.

8-9

sele

ct o

nly

info

rmat

ion

belie

ved

to b

e ac

cura

te.

8-10

anal

yze

the

effe

cts

of th

eir

com

mun

icat

ion

choi

ces

on o

ther

s.

30

mod

ify

thei

r ow

n m

essa

ges

to r

emov

est

ereo

typi

cal a

nd p

reju

dici

al la

ngua

ge.

com

pose

mes

sage

s th

at a

ccur

atel

y re

flec

tth

e or

igin

al in

tent

and

con

tent

of

the

mes

sage

.in

terp

ret m

essa

ges

to a

ccur

atel

y re

flec

tth

e in

tent

and

con

tent

of

the

mes

sage

.in

terp

ret t

he b

ehav

iors

of

othe

rs w

ithou

tm

akin

g st

ereo

typi

cal o

r pr

ejud

icia

lju

dgm

ents

.

11

8-20

appr

ecia

te th

e fr

eedo

m to

exp

ress

dive

rse

view

s in

a d

emoc

ratic

soci

ety.

8-21

show

will

ingn

ess

to d

efen

d th

efr

eedo

m o

f sp

eech

of

self

and

othe

rs.

8-22

acce

pt r

espo

nsib

ility

for

thei

r ow

nco

mm

unic

atio

n be

havi

ors.

8-23

appr

ecia

te th

e im

port

ance

of

bein

gop

en to

the

dive

rgen

t vie

ws

ofot

hers

.

8-24

show

will

ingn

ess

to s

ee b

eyon

dst

ereo

type

s to

see

k in

divi

dual

wor

th.

8-25

appr

ecia

te th

e in

tegr

ity a

ndun

ique

ness

of

com

mun

icat

ion

amon

g di

vers

e so

cial

and

cultu

ral g

roup

s.8-

26ad

voca

te r

espo

nsib

leco

mm

unic

atio

n.sh

ow w

illin

gnes

s to

take

a p

ublic

stan

d on

issu

es.

8-16

inte

rpre

t the

acc

urac

y an

d re

leva

nce

of8-

27m

ater

ial t

o be

quo

ted.

8-17

cite

sou

rces

of

evid

ence

.8-

18us

e qu

alif

iers

to in

dica

te a

lack

of

accu

racy

.8-

19co

mm

unic

ate

in a

man

ner

that

res

pect

s8-

28th

e ri

ghts

of

othe

rs.

show

will

ingn

ess

to c

halle

nge

the

unet

hica

l com

mun

icat

ion

choi

ces

of o

ther

s. 31

Page 17: 71p.DOCUMENT RESUME. ED 423 560 CS 509 904. TITLE Competent Communicators: K-12 Speaking, Listening, and Media. Literacy Standards and Competency Statements. INSTITUTION National Communication

Spea

king

Stan

dard

9C

ompe

tent

spe

aker

s de

mon

stra

te k

now

ledg

e an

d un

ders

tand

ing

of th

e sp

eaki

ngpr

oces

s.

Com

pete

nt s

peak

ers...

Kno

wle

dge

9-1

desc

ribe

the

com

pone

nts

of th

e sp

eaki

ng p

roce

ss.

9-2

desc

ribe

fac

tors

to c

onsi

der

whe

n an

alyz

ing

anau

dien

ce (

e.g.

, int

eres

ts, a

ge, e

tc.)

.9-

3id

entif

y th

e cr

iteri

a us

ed to

eva

luat

e th

e qu

aliti

esof

app

ropr

iate

and

eff

ectiv

e co

mm

unic

atio

n in

a va

riet

y of

con

text

s.9-

4id

entif

y ho

w c

omm

unic

atio

n co

ntex

t inf

luen

ces

choi

ce o

f co

mm

unic

atio

n st

rate

gies

.9-

5as

sess

how

fee

dbac

k af

fect

s th

e sp

eake

r an

d th

em

essa

ge.

32

Beh

avio

rsA

ttitu

de

9-6

use

audi

ence

ana

lysi

s to

ada

pt a

mes

sage

and

com

mun

icat

ion

beha

vior

s.9-

7ap

ply

crite

ria

to e

valu

ate

inte

rper

sona

l,sm

all g

roup

, and

pub

lic c

omm

unic

atio

n.

9-8

use

feed

back

to c

hang

e co

mm

unic

atio

nan

d en

hanc

e in

tera

ctio

ns.

9-9

use

feed

back

to a

lter

com

mun

icat

ion

goal

s.

33

12

Page 18: 71p.DOCUMENT RESUME. ED 423 560 CS 509 904. TITLE Competent Communicators: K-12 Speaking, Listening, and Media. Literacy Standards and Competency Statements. INSTITUTION National Communication

Spea

king

Stan

dard

10

Com

pete

nt s

peak

ers

dem

onst

rate

the

abili

ty to

ada

pt c

omm

unic

atio

n st

rate

gies

app

ropr

iate

lyan

d ef

fect

ivel

y ac

cord

ing

to th

e ne

eds

of th

e si

tuat

ion

and

setti

ng.

Com

pete

nt s

peak

ers

.. .

Kno

wle

dge

Beh

avio

rsA

ttitu

de

10-1

iden

tify

stra

tegi

es f

or a

ppro

pria

te a

nd e

ffec

tive

pers

onal

com

mun

icat

ion.

10-2

iden

tify

pers

onal

com

mun

icat

ion

goal

s.10

-3ex

plai

n th

e im

port

ance

of

adap

ting

com

mun

icat

ion

to th

e si

tuat

ion

and

setti

ng.

10-4

expl

ain

the

role

of

self

-dis

clos

ure

in in

terp

erso

nal

rela

tions

hips

.10

-5id

entif

y su

cces

sful

inte

rvie

win

g te

chni

ques

.

10-6

iden

tify

stra

tegi

es f

or a

ppro

pria

te a

nd e

ffec

tive

smal

l gro

up c

omm

unic

atio

n.10

-7id

entif

y pr

oble

m-s

olvi

ng s

trat

egie

s.10

-8id

entif

y gr

oup

role

s.10

-9id

entif

y gr

oup

norm

s

10-1

0id

entif

y st

rate

gies

for

app

ropr

iate

and

eff

ectiv

epu

blic

com

mun

icat

ion.

10-1

1or

gani

ze a

mes

sage

app

ropr

iate

ly a

nd e

ffec

tivel

y.10

-12

deve

lop

an a

ppro

pria

te a

nd e

ffec

tive

intr

oduc

tion,

bod

y, a

nd c

oncl

usio

n fo

r a

spee

ch.

10-1

3ch

oose

and

nar

row

a s

peec

h to

pic

for

asp

ecif

ic o

ccas

ion.

10-1

4se

lect

app

ropr

iate

and

eff

ectiv

e su

ppor

ting

mat

eria

l bas

ed o

n to

pic,

aud

ienc

e, o

ccas

ion,

and

purp

ose.

10-1

5m

odif

y a

mes

sage

to f

it th

e au

dien

ce.

34

10-1

6us

e ve

rbal

and

non

verb

al te

chni

ques

toen

hanc

e a

mes

sage

.

10-1

7ad

apt l

angu

age

to s

peci

fic

audi

ence

s an

d10

-27

appr

ecia

te la

ngua

ge a

nd c

ultu

ral

setti

ngs.

dive

rsity

.

10-1

8de

mon

stra

te s

ucce

ssfu

l int

ervi

ewin

g

tech

niqu

es.

10-1

9us

e co

mm

unic

atio

n st

rate

gies

to a

chie

veth

e m

ajor

fun

ctio

ns o

f a

grou

p.10

-20

dem

onst

rate

bot

h ta

sk a

nd s

ocia

lco

mm

unic

ativ

e be

havi

ors

in a

sm

all

grou

p.10

-21

part

icip

ate

appr

opri

atel

y an

d ef

fect

ivel

yin

a p

robl

em-s

olvi

ng g

roup

dis

cuss

ion.

10-2

2co

mm

unic

ate

and

defe

nd a

poi

nt o

f vi

ew.

10-2

3de

mon

stra

te a

bilit

y to

pre

sent

an

appr

opri

ate

and

effe

ctiv

e in

trod

uctio

n, b

ody,

and

conc

lusi

on in

a s

peec

h.

10-2

4us

e cr

edib

le s

ourc

es f

or s

uppo

rt.

10-2

5us

e a

met

hod

of d

eliv

ery

appr

opri

ate

to th

e si

tuat

ion.

10-2

6us

e fe

edba

ck to

impr

ove

futu

re s

peec

hes.

10-2

8ap

prec

iate

rec

eivi

ng f

eedb

ack

from

oth

ers.

35

13

Page 19: 71p.DOCUMENT RESUME. ED 423 560 CS 509 904. TITLE Competent Communicators: K-12 Speaking, Listening, and Media. Literacy Standards and Competency Statements. INSTITUTION National Communication

14

Spea

king

Stan

dard

11

Com

pete

nt s

peak

ers

dem

onst

rate

the

abili

ty to

use

lang

uage

that

cla

rifi

es, p

ersu

ades

, and

/or

insp

ires

whi

le r

espe

ctin

gdi

ffer

ence

s in

list

ener

s' b

ackg

roun

ds (

race

,et

hnic

ity, a

ge, e

tc.)

.

Com

pete

nt s

peak

ers

...

Kno

wle

dRe

Beh

avio

rs11

-1

11-2

reco

gniz

e th

at la

ngua

ge u

se s

houl

d be

sen

sitiv

eto

list

ener

s' b

ackg

roun

ds.

sele

ct la

ngua

ge a

ppro

pria

te to

the

occa

sion

,pu

rpos

e, a

udie

nce,

and

con

text

.

11-3

desc

ribe

how

lang

uage

cla

rifi

es m

eani

ng a

ndor

gani

zatio

n.11

-4ev

alua

te th

e ef

fect

of

artic

ulat

ion,

pro

nunc

iatio

n,an

d gr

amm

ar o

n an

aud

ienc

e.

36

11-5

use

lang

uage

that

dem

onst

rate

s se

nsiti

vity

to c

ultu

ral a

nd in

divi

dual

dif

fere

nces

.11

-6ad

apt l

angu

age

use

to th

e au

dien

ce.

11-7

use

hum

or a

nd p

layf

ul la

ngua

geap

prop

riat

ely.

11-8

com

mun

icat

e id

eas

clea

rly

and

conc

isel

y.11

-9us

e vi

vid

lang

uage

that

app

eals

to th

e se

nses

.11

-10

use

feed

back

to m

odif

y la

ngua

ge c

hoic

es.

Atti

tude

11-1

1ap

prec

iate

the

impo

rtan

ce o

fre

spec

ting

indi

vidu

al d

iffe

renc

es.

11-1

2ap

prec

iate

the

pow

er o

f la

ngua

ge.

Page 20: 71p.DOCUMENT RESUME. ED 423 560 CS 509 904. TITLE Competent Communicators: K-12 Speaking, Listening, and Media. Literacy Standards and Competency Statements. INSTITUTION National Communication

Spea

king

Stan

dard

12

Com

pete

nt s

peak

ers

dem

onst

rate

the

abili

ty to

man

age

or o

verc

ome

com

mun

icat

ion

anxi

ety.

Com

pete

nt s

peak

ers

...K

now

ledg

eB

ehav

iors

Atti

tude

12-1

reco

gniz

e th

at a

nxie

ty is

a n

orm

al r

espo

nse

tom

any

com

mun

icat

ion

situ

atio

ns.

12-2

desc

ribe

phy

siol

ogic

al a

nd p

sych

olog

ical

reac

tions

to a

nxie

ty.

12-3

desc

ribe

the

indi

vidu

al a

nd s

ocia

l fac

tors

that

may

lead

to c

omm

unic

atio

n an

xiet

y.12

-4de

scri

be s

trat

egie

s to

hel

p m

inim

ize

and/

orm

anag

e co

mm

unic

atio

n an

xiet

y.

38

12-5

dem

onst

rate

abi

lity

to a

ppea

r co

nfid

ent

whi

le s

peak

ing.

12-6

use

stra

tegi

es th

at c

an h

elp

alle

viat

eco

mm

unic

atio

n an

xiet

y.12

-7pa

rtic

ipat

e in

var

ious

com

mun

icat

ion

situ

atio

ns p

revi

ousl

y av

oide

d.

12-8

show

tole

ranc

e fo

r sp

eake

rsw

ho a

ppea

r ne

rvou

s.12

-9sh

ow w

illin

gnes

s to

fin

d w

ays

toco

ntro

l com

mun

icat

ion

anxi

ety.

15

Page 21: 71p.DOCUMENT RESUME. ED 423 560 CS 509 904. TITLE Competent Communicators: K-12 Speaking, Listening, and Media. Literacy Standards and Competency Statements. INSTITUTION National Communication

Lis

teni

ng

Stan

dard

13

Com

pete

nt li

sten

ers

dem

onst

rate

kno

wle

dge

and

unde

rsta

ndin

g of

the

liste

ning

proc

ess.

Com

pete

nt li

sten

ers...

Kno

wle

dge

Beh

avio

rs13

-1id

entif

y th

e co

mpo

nent

s of

the

liste

ning

pro

cess

.13

-2ex

plai

n th

e re

latio

nshi

ps a

mon

g th

e co

mpo

nent

sof

rec

eivi

ng, i

nter

pret

ing,

and

res

pond

ing.

13-3

reco

gniz

e th

e ef

fect

s of

see

ing

and

hear

ing

onlis

teni

ng.

13-4

dist

ingu

ish

betw

een

hear

ing

and

liste

ning

.13

-5re

cogn

ize

the

effe

cts

of a

ttent

ion

on li

sten

ing.

13-6

desc

ribe

the

proc

ess

of d

ecod

ing

mes

sage

s.13

-7re

cogn

ize

the

effe

cts

of s

eman

tic v

aria

bles

on li

sten

ing.

13-8

desc

ribe

res

pons

e st

yles

.13

-9ex

plai

n th

e ro

le o

f fe

edba

ck in

com

mun

icat

ion.

13-1

0re

cogn

ize

the

effe

cts

of c

onte

xt o

n lis

teni

ng.

13-1

1re

cogn

ize

the

effe

ct o

f m

emor

y on

list

enin

g.13

-12

reco

gniz

e th

e in

flue

nce

of p

ersp

ectiv

e on

list

enin

g.13

-13

dist

ingu

ish

amon

g co

mm

unic

ator

s' p

ersp

ectiv

es.

13-1

4re

cogn

ize

the

shar

ed r

espo

nsib

ilitie

s of

spe

aker

san

d lis

tene

rs.

13-1

5di

stin

guis

h be

twee

n pa

ssiv

e an

d ac

tive

liste

ning

.13

-16

iden

tify

liste

ning

pur

pose

s.13

-17

asse

ss v

aria

tions

in s

peak

ers'

and

list

ener

s'pu

rpos

es f

or c

omm

unic

atin

g.13

-18

asse

ss d

iffe

renc

es in

spe

aker

s' a

ndlis

tene

rs' m

eani

ngs

for

wor

ds.

13-1

9pr

edic

t pro

blem

s re

sulti

ng f

rom

var

iatio

ns in

spea

kers

' and

list

ener

s' p

urpo

ses

for

com

mun

icat

ing.

4 0

13-2

0de

mon

stra

te a

bilit

y to

foc

us a

ttent

ion

on a

spe

aker

's m

essa

ge.

13-2

1of

fer

appr

opri

ate

and

effe

ctiv

efe

edba

ck.

13-2

2ad

apt l

iste

ning

beh

avio

rs to

acco

mm

odat

e th

e lis

teni

ng s

ituat

ion.

13-2

3pr

actic

e ap

prop

riat

e an

d ef

fect

ive

mem

ory

stor

age

and

retr

ieva

l str

ateg

ies.

13-2

4pr

actic

e ac

tive

liste

ning

.

16

Atti

tude

13-2

5ap

prec

iate

the

impo

rtan

ce o

flis

teni

ng.

13-2

6sh

ow w

illin

gnes

s to

list

en.

13-2

7ac

cept

res

pons

ibili

ty f

orhe

arin

g a

mes

sage

and

look

ing

at th

e sp

eake

r.13

-28

acce

pt r

espo

nsib

ility

for

foc

usin

gat

tent

ion

on a

mes

sage

.

13-2

9ad

voca

te c

onte

xts

cond

uciv

e to

appr

opri

ate

and

effe

ctiv

e lis

teni

ng.

13-3

0ac

cept

sha

red

resp

onsi

bilit

y fo

rsu

cces

sful

com

mun

icat

ion.

13-3

1ac

cept

res

pons

ibili

ty f

orac

tivel

y lis

teni

ng to

a m

essa

ge.

Page 22: 71p.DOCUMENT RESUME. ED 423 560 CS 509 904. TITLE Competent Communicators: K-12 Speaking, Listening, and Media. Literacy Standards and Competency Statements. INSTITUTION National Communication

Lis

teni

ng

Stan

dard

14

Com

pete

nt li

sten

ers

dem

onst

rate

abi

lity

to u

se a

ppro

pria

te a

nd e

ffec

tive

liste

ning

ski

lls f

or a

giv

en c

omm

unic

atio

n si

tuat

ion

and

setti

ng.

Com

pete

nt li

sten

ers

. . .

Kno

wle

dRe

Beh

avio

rsA

ttitu

de14

-1

14-2

14-3

14-4

14-5

14-6

reco

gniz

e th

e se

quen

ces

of c

ompo

nent

s in

volv

edin

the

liste

ning

pro

cess

.re

cogn

ize

vari

ous

type

s an

d pu

rpos

es o

f lis

teni

ng.

reco

gniz

e sk

ills

uniq

ue to

eac

h lis

teni

ng ty

pe a

ndpu

rpos

e.re

cogn

ize

the

liste

ner's

rol

e an

d re

spon

sibi

lity

in a

com

mun

icat

ion

situ

atio

n.se

lect

app

ropr

iate

and

eff

ectiv

e lis

teni

ng r

espo

nses

acro

ss a

var

iety

of

com

mun

icat

ion

situ

atio

ns.

reco

gniz

e re

spon

ses

to m

essa

ges

as e

vide

nce

ofen

gagi

ng o

r ha

ving

eng

aged

in th

e lis

teni

ng p

roce

ss.

14-7

reco

gniz

e si

lenc

e as

a f

orm

of

com

mun

icat

ion.

14-8

dist

ingu

ish

amon

g va

riou

s re

ason

s fo

r a

spea

ker's

sile

nce.

14-9

reco

gniz

e th

at li

sten

ing

for

appr

ecia

tion

is h

ighl

ype

rson

al.

14-1

0ev

alua

te th

eir

own

liste

ning

beh

avio

r.

14-1

1ad

apt p

urpo

ses

for

liste

ning

with

the

spea

ker's

pur

pose

for

spe

akin

g.14

-12

appl

y sk

ills

appr

opri

ate

to e

ach

type

and

purp

ose

for

liste

ning

.14

-13

use

and

resp

ond

to tu

rn-t

akin

g si

gnal

sdu

ring

a c

omm

unic

atio

n in

tera

ctio

n.14

-14

dem

onst

rate

atte

ntiv

enes

s th

ough

ver

bal

and

nonv

erba

l beh

avio

rs.

14-1

5se

ek u

nder

stan

ding

of

a m

essa

ge b

yen

gagi

ng in

que

stio

ning

, per

cept

ion-

chec

king

, sum

mar

izin

g, a

nd p

arap

hras

ing.

14-1

6pr

actic

e em

path

ic li

sten

ing

skill

s.

14-1

7m

onito

r th

eir

own

liste

ning

beh

avio

r.

17

14-1

8ac

cept

res

pons

ibili

ty to

impr

ove

com

preh

ensi

ve, c

ritic

al, e

mpa

thic

,an

d ap

prec

iativ

e lis

teni

ng s

kills

.

14-1

9sh

ow w

illin

gnes

s to

acc

ept

liste

ning

rol

es a

nd r

espo

nsib

ilitie

sin

var

ious

com

mun

icat

ion

situ

atio

ns.

14-2

0re

spec

t a s

peak

er's

rig

ht to

cho

ose

to b

e si

lent

.

14-2

1re

spec

t the

rig

ht o

f ot

hers

to h

ave

oppo

sing

vie

wpo

ints

.

Page 23: 71p.DOCUMENT RESUME. ED 423 560 CS 509 904. TITLE Competent Communicators: K-12 Speaking, Listening, and Media. Literacy Standards and Competency Statements. INSTITUTION National Communication

Lis

teni

ng

Stan

dard

15

Com

pete

nt li

sten

ers

dem

onst

rate

abi

lity

to id

entif

y an

d m

anag

e ba

rrie

rs to

list

enin

g.

Com

pete

nt li

sten

ers

. ..

Kno

wle

dRe

Beh

avio

rsA

ttitu

de15

-1re

cogn

ize

liste

ning

bar

rier

s in

com

mun

icat

ion

situ

atio

ns.

15-2

reco

gniz

e th

e re

latio

nshi

p be

twee

n lis

teni

ngbe

havi

ors

and

self

-est

eem

.15

-3re

cogn

ize

the

effe

cts

of b

iase

s on

list

enin

g.15

-4re

cogn

ize

the

effe

cts

of c

lose

-min

dedn

ess

on li

sten

ing.

15-5

reco

gniz

e th

e ef

fect

s of

pre

conc

eive

d at

titud

eson

list

enin

g.15

-6re

cogn

ize

the

effe

cts

of in

diff

eren

ce o

n lis

teni

ng.

15-7

reco

gniz

e th

e ef

fect

s of

em

otio

nal i

nvol

vem

ent

on li

sten

ing.

15-8

reco

gniz

e th

e ef

fect

s of

sel

f-ab

sorp

tion

onlis

teni

ng.

15-9

reco

gniz

e th

e ef

fect

s of

impa

tienc

e on

list

enin

g.15

-10

reco

gniz

e th

e ef

fect

s of

phy

sica

l con

ditio

ns o

nlis

teni

ng.

15-1

1re

cogn

ize

the

effe

cts

of m

enta

l sta

te o

n lis

teni

ng.

15-1

2re

cogn

ize

the

effe

cts

of r

ecei

ver

appr

ehen

sion

on

liste

ning

.

44

15-1

3de

mon

stra

te a

bilit

y to

man

age

inte

rnal

and

exte

rnal

dis

trac

tions

.

18

15-1

4ac

cept

res

pons

ibili

ty f

or m

anag

ing

inte

rnal

and

ext

erna

l bar

rier

s to

liste

ning

.15

-15

show

will

ingn

ess

to v

alid

ate

othe

rsby

list

enin

g to

them

.

45

Page 24: 71p.DOCUMENT RESUME. ED 423 560 CS 509 904. TITLE Competent Communicators: K-12 Speaking, Listening, and Media. Literacy Standards and Competency Statements. INSTITUTION National Communication

Med

ia L

itera

cy

Stan

dard

16

Med

ia li

tera

te c

omm

unic

ator

s de

mon

stra

te k

now

ledg

e an

d un

ders

tand

ing

of th

e w

ays

peop

le u

se m

edia

in th

eir

pers

onal

and

pub

lic li

ves.

Med

ia li

tera

te c

omm

unic

ator

s...

Kno

wle

dRe

Beh

avio

rsA

ttitu

de16

-1re

cogn

ize

the

cent

ralit

y of

com

mun

icat

ion

inhu

man

end

eavo

rs.

16-2

reco

gniz

e th

e im

port

ance

of

com

mun

icat

ion

for

educ

atio

nal p

ract

ices

.16

-3re

cogn

ize

the

role

s of

cul

ture

and

lang

uage

inm

edia

pra

ctic

es.

16-4

iden

tify

pers

onal

and

pub

lic m

edia

pra

ctic

es.

16-5

iden

tify

pers

onal

and

pub

lic m

edia

con

tent

,fo

rms,

and

pro

duct

s.16

-6an

alyz

e th

e hi

stor

ical

and

cur

rent

way

s in

whi

chm

edia

aff

ect p

eopl

e's

pers

onal

and

pub

lic li

ves.

16-7

anal

yze

med

ia e

thic

al is

sues

.

46

16-8

acce

ss in

form

atio

n in

a v

arie

tyof

med

ia f

orm

s.

16-9

illus

trat

e ho

w p

eopl

e us

e m

edia

in th

eir

pers

onal

and

pub

lic li

ves.

19

16-1

0ar

e m

otiv

ated

to e

valu

ate

med

iaan

d co

mm

unic

atio

n pr

actic

es in

term

s of

bas

ic s

ocia

l val

ues

such

as f

reed

om, r

espo

nsib

ility

, pri

vacy

and

publ

ic s

tand

ards

of

dece

ncy.

47

Page 25: 71p.DOCUMENT RESUME. ED 423 560 CS 509 904. TITLE Competent Communicators: K-12 Speaking, Listening, and Media. Literacy Standards and Competency Statements. INSTITUTION National Communication

Med

ia L

itera

cy

20

Stan

dard

17

Med

ia li

tera

te c

omm

unic

ator

s de

mon

stra

te k

now

ledg

e an

d un

ders

tand

ing

of th

e co

mpl

ex r

elat

ions

hips

am

ong

audi

ence

s an

d m

edia

con

tent

.

Med

ia li

tera

te c

omm

unic

ator

s...

Kno

wle

dge

17-1

iden

tify

med

ia f

orm

s, c

onte

nt, a

nd p

rodu

cts.

17-2

reco

gniz

e th

at m

edia

are

ope

n to

mul

tiple

inte

rpre

tatio

ns.

17-3

expl

ain

how

aud

ienc

e m

embe

rs in

terp

ret

mea

ning

s.

Beh

avio

rsA

ttitu

de

17-4

desc

ribe

how

med

ia p

ract

ition

ers

dete

rmin

eth

e na

ture

of

audi

ence

s.17

-5ex

plai

n ho

w m

edia

soc

ializ

e pe

ople

.17

-6ev

alua

te id

eas

and

imag

es in

med

ia w

ith p

ossi

ble

indi

vidu

al, s

ocia

l and

cul

tura

l con

sequ

ence

s.

4 8

17-7

crea

te s

tand

ards

to e

valu

ate

med

iaco

nten

t, fo

rms,

and

pro

duct

s.

17-8

illus

trat

e ho

w m

edia

con

tent

, for

ms,

and

audi

ence

inte

rpre

tatio

ns a

relin

ked

to v

iew

ing

prac

tices

.

17-9

are

mot

ivat

ed to

rec

ogni

ze th

eco

mpl

ex r

elat

ions

hips

am

ong

med

ia c

onte

nt, f

orm

s, a

ndau

dien

ce p

ract

ices

.

4 z3

Page 26: 71p.DOCUMENT RESUME. ED 423 560 CS 509 904. TITLE Competent Communicators: K-12 Speaking, Listening, and Media. Literacy Standards and Competency Statements. INSTITUTION National Communication

Med

ia L

itera

cy

Stan

dard

18

Med

ia li

tera

te c

omm

unic

ator

s de

mon

stra

te k

now

ledg

e an

d un

ders

tand

ing

that

med

ia c

onte

nt is

pro

duce

d w

ithin

soc

ial a

nd c

ultu

ral c

onte

xts.

Med

ia li

tera

te c

omm

unic

ator

s...

Kno

wle

dge

Beh

avio

rsA

ttitu

de

18-1

iden

tify

the

prod

uctio

n co

ntex

ts o

f m

edia

con

tent

and

prod

ucts

.18

-2id

entif

y th

e so

cial

and

cul

tura

l con

stra

ints

on

the

prod

uctio

n of

med

ia.

18-3

iden

tify

the

soci

al a

nd c

ultu

ral a

genc

ies

that

regu

late

med

ia c

onte

nt a

nd p

rodu

cts.

18-4

eval

uate

the

idea

s an

d ae

sthe

tics

in m

edia

cont

ent a

nd p

rodu

cts.

50

18-5

dem

onst

rate

how

med

ia c

onte

nt a

ndpr

oduc

ts a

re p

rodu

ced

with

in s

ocia

lan

d cu

ltura

l con

text

s.18

-6de

mon

stra

te h

ow s

ocia

l and

cul

tura

lre

gula

tions

aff

ect m

edia

con

tent

and

prod

ucts

.

21

18-7

are

mot

ivat

ed to

exa

min

eth

e re

latio

nshi

ps a

mon

g m

edia

cont

ent a

nd p

rodu

cts

and

the

larg

er s

ocia

l and

cul

tura

l con

text

sof

thei

r pr

oduc

tion.

51

Page 27: 71p.DOCUMENT RESUME. ED 423 560 CS 509 904. TITLE Competent Communicators: K-12 Speaking, Listening, and Media. Literacy Standards and Competency Statements. INSTITUTION National Communication

Med

ia L

itera

cy

Stan

dard

19

Med

ia li

tera

te c

omm

unic

ator

s de

mon

stra

te k

now

ledg

e an

d un

ders

tand

ing

of th

e co

mm

erci

al n

atur

e of

med

ia.

Med

ia li

tera

te c

omm

unic

ator

s...

Kno

wle

dRe

Beh

avio

rsA

ttitu

de19

-1ex

plai

n ho

w m

edia

org

aniz

atio

ns o

pera

te.

19-2

iden

tify

the

soci

al a

nd c

ultu

ral a

genc

ies

that

regu

late

med

ia o

rgan

izat

ions

.19

-3co

mpa

re m

edia

org

aniz

atio

ns to

oth

er s

ocia

l and

cultu

ral o

rgan

izat

ions

.

52

19-4

dem

onst

rate

the

rela

tions

hips

bet

wee

nm

edia

org

aniz

atio

ns a

nd m

edia

dist

ribu

tion

prac

tices

.

19-5

are

mot

ivat

ed to

ana

lyze

the

hist

oric

al a

nd c

urre

nt w

ays

inw

hich

med

ia o

rgan

izat

ions

oper

ate

in r

elat

ions

hip

tode

moc

ratic

pro

cess

es.

22 53

Page 28: 71p.DOCUMENT RESUME. ED 423 560 CS 509 904. TITLE Competent Communicators: K-12 Speaking, Listening, and Media. Literacy Standards and Competency Statements. INSTITUTION National Communication

Med

ia L

itera

cy

Stan

dard

20

Med

ia li

tera

te c

omm

unic

ator

s de

mon

stra

te a

bilit

y to

use

med

ia to

com

mun

icat

e to

spe

cifi

c au

dien

ces.

Med

ia li

tera

te c

omm

unic

ator

s ...

Kno

wle

dge

Beh

avio

rsA

ttitu

de20

-1id

entif

y su

itabl

e m

edia

to c

omm

unic

ate

for

spec

ific

purp

oses

and

out

com

es.

20-2

iden

tify

the

role

s an

d re

spon

sibi

litie

s of

med

iapr

oduc

tion

team

s.20

-3an

alyz

e th

eir

med

ia w

ork

for

tech

nica

l and

aes

thet

icst

reng

ths

and

wea

knes

ses.

20-4

reco

gniz

e th

at th

eir

med

ia w

ork

has

indi

vidu

al,

soci

al, a

nd e

thic

al c

onse

quen

ces.

20-5

refl

ect u

pon

how

thei

r m

edia

lite

racy

wor

k re

late

sto

eve

nts

outs

ide

of s

choo

l lea

rnin

g.

54

20-6

prac

tice

mul

tiple

app

roac

hes

tode

velo

ping

and

pre

sent

ing

idea

s.20

-7st

ruct

ure

med

ia m

essa

ges

to b

epr

esen

ted

in v

ario

us m

edia

for

ms.

20-8

assu

me

acco

unta

bilit

y fo

r th

e in

divi

dual

,so

cial

, and

eth

ical

out

com

es o

f th

eir

wor

k.

23

20-9

are

mot

ivat

ed to

app

reci

ate

how

thei

r m

edia

lite

racy

wor

ken

hanc

es s

elf-

expr

essi

on,

educ

atio

n, a

nd c

aree

r op

port

uniti

es.

55

Page 29: 71p.DOCUMENT RESUME. ED 423 560 CS 509 904. TITLE Competent Communicators: K-12 Speaking, Listening, and Media. Literacy Standards and Competency Statements. INSTITUTION National Communication

24

SUPP

LE

ME

NT

AL

IN

FOR

MA

TIO

N

Man

y us

ers

of th

is d

ocum

ent m

ay f

ind

it he

lpfu

l to

read

the

supp

lem

enta

l inf

orm

atio

n pr

ovid

ed in

this

sec

tion.

Thi

s se

ctio

n in

clud

es:

A b

ackg

roun

d de

scri

ptio

n of

the

circ

umst

ance

s un

der

whi

ch th

e st

anda

rds

proj

ect b

egan

.A

sum

mar

y of

the

proc

esse

s us

ed to

dev

elop

the

Stan

dard

s an

d C

ompe

tenc

y St

atem

ents

.C

rite

ria

used

to d

evel

op a

nd e

valu

ate

the

Com

pete

ncy

Stat

emen

ts.

Ver

bs f

rom

Blo

om's

Tax

onom

y us

ed in

the

Com

pete

ncy

Stat

emen

ts.

A d

iscu

ssio

n of

issu

es th

at e

mer

ged

as im

port

ant w

hile

dev

elop

ing

the

Com

pete

ncy

Stat

emen

ts.

Bac

kgro

und

In 1

983,

the

Nat

iona

l Com

mis

sion

on

Exc

elle

nce

in E

duca

tion

publ

ishe

d A

Nat

ion

at R

isk,

cri

ticiz

ing

educ

ator

s fo

r th

e qu

ality

of th

eir

wor

k. P

resi

dent

Geo

rge

Bus

h m

et w

ith th

e na

tion'

sgo

vern

ors

at a

n E

duca

tion

Sum

mit

and

com

mis

sion

ed th

eN

atio

nal E

duca

tion

Goa

ls P

anel

. The

pan

el s

et f

orth

six

bro

adta

rget

s fo

r ed

ucat

iona

l im

prov

emen

ts th

at b

ecam

e kn

own

asG

oals

200

0. T

he n

atio

nal e

duca

tion

refo

rm le

gisl

atio

n, G

oals

2000

: Edu

cate

Am

eric

a A

ct, p

ropo

sed

the

deve

lopm

ent o

fst

anda

rds

ina

num

ber

ofsu

bjec

tar

eas,

incl

udin

gco

mm

unic

atio

n (U

S D

epar

tmen

t of

Lab

or, 1

991)

. As

a re

sult,

com

mun

icat

ion

has

a ve

ry r

eal p

rese

nce

in e

duca

tion

refo

rm

effo

rts,

as

illus

trat

ed in

Obj

ectiv

e 5

of th

e or

igin

al G

oal 5

of

the

Goa

ls 2

000

prog

ram

:G

oal 5

: By

the

year

200

0, e

very

adu

lt A

mer

ican

will

be

liter

ate

and

will

pos

sess

the

know

ledg

e an

d sk

illne

cess

ary

to c

ompe

te in

a g

loba

l eco

nom

y an

d ex

erci

seth

e ri

ghts

and

res

pons

ibili

ties

of c

itize

nshi

p.O

bjec

tive

5: T

he p

ropo

rtio

n of

col

lege

gra

duat

es w

hode

mon

stra

te a

n ad

vanc

ed a

bilit

y to

thin

k cr

itica

lly,

com

mun

icat

eef

fect

ivel

y,an

d so

lve

prob

lem

sw

illin

crea

se s

ubst

antia

lly. (

Nat

iona

l Edu

catio

n G

oals

Pan

el,

1992

, p. 1

6)

The

Pro

cess

for

Dev

elop

ing

the

Stan

dard

s

The

dev

elop

men

t of

stan

dard

s in

the

lang

uage

art

s be

gan

in th

esu

mm

er o

f 19

92 w

hen

the

Inte

rnat

iona

l Rea

ding

Ass

ocia

tion

(IR

A),

the

Nat

iona

l Cou

ncil

of T

each

ers

of E

nglis

h (N

CT

E),

and

the

Cen

ter

for

the

Stud

y of

Rea

ding

at t

he U

nive

rsity

of

Illin

ois

initi

ated

the

Stan

dard

s Pr

ojec

t for

Eng

lish

Lan

guag

e

Art

s. I

n 19

96, N

CA

, its

man

agem

ent s

taff

and

mem

bers

,de

velo

ped

and

publ

ishe

d Sp

eaki

ng, L

iste

ning

, and

Med

iaL

itera

cy S

tand

ards

for

K-1

2 E

duca

tion.

The

Sta

ndar

ds w

ere

dist

ribu

ted

by m

ail t

o st

ate

and

loca

l sch

ool d

istr

icts

and

teac

her

educ

atio

n in

stitu

tions

acr

oss

the

coun

try.

As

a re

sult,

5 7

Page 30: 71p.DOCUMENT RESUME. ED 423 560 CS 509 904. TITLE Competent Communicators: K-12 Speaking, Listening, and Media. Literacy Standards and Competency Statements. INSTITUTION National Communication

man

y sc

hool

dis

tric

ts n

ow h

ad m

ater

ials

to s

uppo

rt m

anda

tes

for

the

incl

usio

n of

com

mun

icat

ion

educ

atio

n in

reg

iona

l and

stat

e st

anda

rds

prog

ram

s. M

any

scho

ol s

yste

ms

bega

n a

revi

ew

25

of th

e co

mm

unic

atio

nsk

ills

alre

ady

addr

esse

din

thei

rpr

ogra

ms.

The

Pro

cess

for

Dev

elop

ing

the

Com

pete

ncy

Stat

emen

ts

The

dev

elop

men

t of

the

Stan

dard

s co

mpl

eted

the

firs

t ste

p of

the

prop

osed

pro

ject

. Onc

e th

e St

anda

rds

wer

e co

mpl

eted

, the

seco

nd p

hase

deve

lopm

ent o

f C

ompe

tenc

y St

atem

ents

for

the

Stan

dard

swas

und

erta

ken.

NC

A h

ad tw

o go

als

for

the

new

com

pete

ncy

stat

emen

ts:

the

Com

pete

ncy

Stat

emen

ts m

ust b

eus

eful

to K

-12

teac

hers

, and

they

mus

t be

grou

nded

in th

elit

erat

ure

of th

e co

mm

unic

atio

n di

scip

line.

The

refo

re, i

nclu

ded

on th

e ta

sk f

orce

wer

e co

mm

unic

atio

n su

bjec

t mat

ter

expe

rts

asw

ell a

s K

-12

lang

uage

art

s an

d E

nglis

h te

ache

rs w

hose

pur

pose

was

to g

ive

feed

back

fro

m a

teac

her's

per

spec

tive.

Exi

stin

gN

CA

publ

icat

ions

that

addr

esse

dK

-12

com

mun

icat

ion

skill

s an

d kn

owle

dge

wer

e us

ed to

com

pile

apr

elim

inar

y lis

t of

Stan

dard

s-ba

sed

Com

pete

ncy

Stat

emen

ts.

The

ses

publ

icat

ions

wer

e N

CA

Gui

delin

es: E

ssen

tial S

peak

ing

and

Lis

teni

ng S

kills

for

Ele

men

tary

Sch

ool S

tude

nts

(6th

Gra

deL

evel

)(1

982)

, NC

A G

uide

lines

: Spe

akin

g an

d L

iste

ning

Com

pete

ncie

s fo

r H

igh

Scho

ol G

radu

ates

(19

87),

Gui

delin

esfo

rD

evel

opin

gO

ral

Com

mun

icat

ion

Cur

ricu

lain

Kin

derg

arte

n th

roug

h T

wel

fth

Gra

de (

1991

), K

-12

Ora

lC

omm

unic

atio

nT

each

erT

rain

ing

Wor

ksho

pM

anua

l,(V

olum

es 1

-5)

(199

2), K

-12

Cur

ricu

lum

Gui

delin

es (

1994

), a

ndSp

eaki

ng a

nd L

iste

ning

Com

pete

ncie

s(1

994)

.In

divi

dual

cont

ribu

tions

from

NC

A m

embe

rs w

ho h

adge

nera

ted

benc

hmar

ks o

r co

mpe

tenc

y st

atem

ents

for

one

or

mor

e of

the

58

Stan

dard

s w

ere

adde

d to

the

list,

and

a m

atri

x of

the

Com

pete

ncy

Stat

emen

ts w

as d

evel

oped

to li

nk e

ach

stat

emen

tto

one

or

mor

e of

the

K-1

2 St

anda

rds.

Whi

le th

e m

atri

x w

as b

eing

com

pile

d, a

dev

elop

men

t tas

kfo

rce

was

for

med

and

cha

rged

with

the

goal

of

deve

lopi

ng a

fina

l doc

umen

t con

tain

ing

com

pete

ncy

stat

emen

ts to

enh

ance

the

valu

e of

the

stan

dard

s fo

r te

ache

rs. T

he f

irst

task

con

fron

ted

by th

e de

velo

pmen

t tas

k fo

rce

was

to a

rtic

ulat

e a

set a

cri

teri

a(s

ee p

age

26)

for

the

Com

pete

ncy

Stat

emen

tsw

hat w

ould

ago

od c

ompe

tenc

y lo

ok li

ke a

nd b

e lik

e?"

The

cri

teri

a an

d m

atri

x of

Com

pete

ncy

Stat

emen

ts w

ere

dist

ribu

ted

to th

e ta

sk f

orce

. Tw

o re

view

s of

the

draf

t doc

umen

toc

curr

ed b

efor

e a

grou

p of

sub

ject

mat

ter

spec

ialis

ts, K

-12

teac

hers

, and

com

mun

icat

ion

educ

atio

n ex

pert

s w

as a

ssem

bled

to w

ork

as a

fac

e-to

-fac

e te

am. T

hat t

eam

fin

aliz

ed th

e se

t of

Stan

dard

s-ba

sed

Com

pete

ncy

Stat

emen

ts. N

CA

's L

egis

lativ

eC

ounc

il an

d E

duca

tion

Polic

ies

Boa

rd a

ppro

ved

the

docu

men

tan

d a

requ

est f

rom

the

on-s

ite te

am to

rev

ise

the

1996

Stan

dard

s an

d re

-alig

n th

e C

ompe

tenc

y St

atem

ents

in th

eap

prov

ed d

ocum

ent w

ith th

e ne

w S

tand

ards

.T

he S

tand

ards

wer

e re

vise

d, th

e C

ompe

tenc

y St

atem

ents

re-

alig

ned

and

inso

me

case

s re

vise

d, a

nd th

e la

test

ver

sion

, with

the

appr

oval

of

the

NC

A E

duca

tiona

l Pol

icie

s B

oard

, app

ears

in th

is d

ocum

ent.

59

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26

Cri

teri

a U

sed

to D

evel

op th

e C

ompe

tenc

y St

atem

ents

The

cri

teri

a us

ed to

dev

elop

and

ref

ine

the

Com

pete

ncy

Stat

emen

ts s

tate

that

the

Com

pete

ncy

Stat

emen

ts w

ill:

be g

roun

ded

in th

e co

mm

unic

atio

n di

scip

line;

focu

s on

aca

dem

ic p

erfo

rman

ce b

ut a

lso

exte

nd to

and

be

rele

vant

to c

omm

unic

atio

n in

the

hom

e, a

t wor

k, a

nd in

soc

ial

inte

ract

ions

;

com

bine

per

tinen

t kno

wle

dge,

app

ropr

iate

ski

lls, a

nd a

ttitu

des

with

out p

ursu

ing

one

at th

e ex

pens

e of

the

othe

r;

be s

peci

fic

enou

gh to

allo

w f

or th

e de

velo

pmen

t of

a co

re c

urri

culu

m;

not d

icta

te h

ow m

ater

ial i

s ta

ught

, but

be

usef

ul in

gui

ding

the

inst

ruct

iona

l pro

cess

;

be te

acha

ble,

obs

erva

ble,

and

ass

essa

ble,

allo

win

g fo

r th

e fa

ct th

at th

e C

ompe

tenc

y St

atem

ents

may

hav

e di

ffer

ing

leve

ls o

fac

cess

ibili

ty, s

ome

mor

e ea

sily

ass

esse

d th

an o

ther

s;

be m

anag

eabl

e gi

ven

time

cons

trai

nts

inhe

rent

in p

ublic

edu

catio

n, w

hile

equ

itabl

y re

pres

entin

g ea

ch a

spec

t of

com

mun

icat

ion

in th

e K

-12

Stan

dard

s: f

unda

men

tals

, spe

akin

g, li

sten

ing,

and

med

ia li

tera

cy;

be p

rese

nted

in a

sta

ndar

d an

d co

nsis

tent

for

mat

, usi

ng la

ngua

ge th

at is

cle

ar a

nd u

nder

stan

dabl

e to

teac

hers

, par

ents

, and

stud

ents

;

be r

igor

ous

and

chal

leng

ing

to a

ll st

uden

ts' c

apab

ilitie

s;

refl

ect t

he b

elie

f th

at th

e ac

quis

ition

of

know

ledg

e, m

aste

ry o

f sk

ills,

and

cul

tivat

ion

of a

ttitu

des

are

deve

lopm

enta

l pro

cess

esin

whi

ch s

tude

nts

show

gro

wth

in le

arni

ng f

rom

gra

des

K-1

2.

61_

6 0

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27

Blo

om's

Tax

onom

y

The

Com

pete

ncy

Stat

emen

ts w

ere

alig

ned

with

Blo

om's

Tax

onom

y so

that

they

wou

ld in

corp

orat

e m

easu

rabl

e ve

rbs

fam

iliar

to K

-12

teac

hers

. Com

pete

ncy

Stat

emen

ts th

at b

egin

with

ver

bs lo

cate

d un

der

the

head

ings

of

know

ledg

e, c

ompr

ehen

sion

, ana

lysi

s, s

ynth

esis

,an

d ev

alua

tion

are

alig

ned

with

the

know

ledg

e co

mpo

nent

of

the

com

pete

ncy

mod

el. C

ompe

tenc

y St

atem

ents

that

beg

in w

ith v

erbs

loca

ted

unde

r th

e ap

plic

atio

n he

adin

g co

rres

pond

with

the

beha

vior

com

pone

nt.

1) K

now

ledg

e: T

he s

tude

nt r

ecal

ls o

r re

cogn

izes

info

rmat

ion.

defi

nelis

tna

me

repe

atla

bel

mem

oriz

ere

call

rela

te

2) C

ompr

ehen

sion

: The

stu

dent

cha

nges

info

rmat

ion

into

a d

iffe

rent

sym

bolic

for

m o

f la

ngua

ge.

desc

ribe

expl

ain

iden

tify

reco

gniz

ere

stat

edi

scus

slo

cate

repo

rt

3) A

pplic

atio

n: T

he s

tude

nt s

olve

s a

prob

lem

usi

ng th

e kn

owle

dge

and

appr

opri

ate

gene

raliz

atio

n.ap

ply

dram

atiz

eof

fer

inte

rpre

till

ustr

ate

dem

onst

rate

prac

tice

tran

slat

eci

tecr

eate

mod

ify

use

seek

com

mun

icat

e m

onito

rad

apt

resp

ond

topa

rtic

ipat

ead

just

4) A

naly

sis:

The

stu

dent

sep

arat

es in

form

atio

n in

to c

ompo

nent

par

ts.

com

pare

deba

tedi

ffer

entia

tequ

estio

ncr

itici

zedi

agra

mdi

stin

guis

han

alyz

e

5) S

ynth

esis

: The

stu

dent

sol

ves

a pr

oble

m b

y pu

tting

info

rmat

ion

toge

ther

that

req

uire

s or

igin

al, c

reat

ive

thou

ght.

arra

nge

com

pose

desi

gnor

gani

zepr

opos

eco

nstr

uct

form

ulat

epr

epar

e

6) E

valu

atio

n: T

he s

tude

nt m

akes

qua

litat

ive

judg

men

ts a

ccor

ding

to s

et s

tand

ards

.as

sess

estim

ate

judg

epr

edic

tse

lect

choo

seev

alua

tera

te

Blo

om's

Tax

onom

y do

es n

ot r

ecog

nize

the

attit

ude

dim

ensi

on o

f co

mpe

tenc

e; th

eref

ore,

on-

site

team

mem

bers

and

sch

olar

s fa

mili

arw

ith th

e co

mpe

tenc

y m

odel

gen

erat

ed th

e fo

llow

ing

verb

s us

ed u

nder

the

attit

ude

head

ing.

7) A

ttitu

de: T

he s

tude

nt r

ecog

nize

s th

e w

orth

of

som

e kn

owle

dge

or o

f a

beha

vior

and

ther

efor

e ch

oose

s to

act

acc

ordi

ngly

.ap

prec

iate

valu

ere

spec

tad

voca

teis

mot

ivat

edac

cept

res

pons

ibili

tysh

ow w

illin

gnes

s

6263

Page 33: 71p.DOCUMENT RESUME. ED 423 560 CS 509 904. TITLE Competent Communicators: K-12 Speaking, Listening, and Media. Literacy Standards and Competency Statements. INSTITUTION National Communication

Issu

es

Whi

le d

evel

opin

g th

e C

ompe

tenc

y St

atem

ents

, sev

eral

issu

esem

erge

d re

late

d to

div

ersi

ty, c

lari

fica

tion

of te

rms

used

in th

eC

ompe

tenc

y St

atem

ents

, con

cept

ual s

truc

ture

use

d fo

r th

edo

cum

ent,

and

the

purp

ose

of th

e do

cum

ent.

Dis

cuss

ion

ofth

ese

issu

es f

ollo

ws.

The

Nat

ure

of C

ompe

tenc

e.C

omm

unic

atio

n co

mpe

tenc

etr

aditi

onal

ly h

as e

ncom

pass

ed k

now

ledg

e, b

ehav

iors

, and

attit

udes

, or

wha

t a s

tude

nt s

houl

d kn

ow a

nd u

nder

stan

d, w

hat

a st

uden

t sho

uld

be a

ble

to d

o, a

nd th

e ex

tent

to w

hich

ast

uden

t sho

uld

be m

otiv

ated

or

favo

rabl

y di

spos

ed to

use

thei

rkn

owle

dge

and

beha

vior

s to

com

mun

icat

e w

ith o

ther

s. M

ost

teac

hers

and

adm

inis

trat

ors

are

com

fort

able

with

the

incl

usio

nof

kno

wle

dge

and

beha

vior

s in

a c

ompi

latio

n of

com

pete

ncie

sor

exp

ecta

tions

for

stu

dent

lear

ning

. How

ever

, the

re is

som

ede

bate

abo

ut th

e in

clus

ion

of a

ttitu

des.

Dis

cuss

ion

surr

ound

ing

that

deba

tere

late

sto

whe

ther

inst

ruct

ion

can

impa

ct a

stu

dent

's a

ttitu

des,

whe

ther

itis

appr

opri

ate

to tr

y to

impa

ct a

ttitu

des,

and

fur

ther

, whe

ther

any

impa

ct o

n at

titud

es c

an b

e m

easu

red.

Tha

t deb

ate

asid

e,be

caus

e co

mm

unic

atio

n sc

hola

rs ty

pica

lly in

clud

e at

titud

es in

mod

els

of c

omm

unic

atio

n co

mpe

tenc

e, a

ttitu

des

are

incl

uded

in th

is d

ocum

ent.

Tho

se a

ttitu

des

are

pres

ente

d as

goa

ls to

whi

ch a

stu

dent

mig

ht a

spir

e. I

f an

inst

ruct

or o

r ad

min

istr

ator

choo

ses

to m

easu

re o

r ev

alua

te a

ttitu

des,

that

mea

sure

men

t and

eval

uatio

n sh

ould

mak

e us

e of

sta

ndar

dize

d an

d fu

lly te

sted

64

28

self

-rep

ort a

sses

smen

t ins

trum

ents

. The

res

ults

sho

uld

not b

eus

ed a

s th

e so

le s

ourc

e fo

r de

term

inin

g pl

acem

ent,

exem

ptio

n,or

aca

dem

ic a

chie

vem

ent o

f a

stud

ent.

Div

ersi

ty. R

ecog

nitio

n of

and

res

pect

for

div

ersi

ty in

reg

ard

toin

divi

dual

s as

wel

l as

cultu

ral g

roup

s ar

e fu

ndam

enta

l to

the

effe

ctiv

e ed

ucat

ion

and

prep

arat

ion

for

life

of e

very

hum

anbe

ing.

The

unp

rece

dent

ed m

obili

ty a

nd in

crea

sed

cont

act o

fpe

rson

s fr

om d

iver

se e

thni

c, c

ultu

ral,

natio

nal,

and

expe

rien

tial

back

grou

nds

have

cre

ated

the

need

for

gre

ater

und

erst

andi

ng o

fan

d se

nsiti

vity

to th

e ex

iste

nce

and

rich

ness

of

such

div

ersi

ty.

Ext

ensi

ve r

esea

rch

has

conf

irm

ed th

at la

ck o

f su

ffic

ient

know

ledg

e an

d un

ders

tand

ing

of s

ocia

l div

ersi

ty c

ontr

ibut

es to

the

spre

ad a

nd m

aint

enan

ce o

f th

ough

ts, b

elie

fs, a

ttitu

des,

and

beha

vior

sw

hich

fost

eran

unhe

alth

yen

viro

nmen

tfo

rin

terp

erso

nal a

ndin

terc

ultu

ral

rela

tions

. As

anes

sent

ial

com

pone

nt to

thei

r st

ruct

ured

edu

catio

n an

d pr

epar

atio

n fo

rlif

e, A

mer

ican

chi

ldre

n an

d yo

uth

need

to r

ecei

ve a

ccur

ate

know

ledg

e of

div

ersi

ty a

nd n

eed

to d

evel

op th

e as

soci

ated

attit

udes

and

beh

avio

rs d

urin

g th

e sc

hool

yea

rs, u

nder

the

guid

ance

of

an a

ppro

pria

tely

trai

ned

teac

her.

The

refo

re, i

t is

esse

ntia

lth

atSt

anda

rds

and

Com

pete

ncy

Stat

emen

tsin

com

mun

icat

ion

for

K-1

2 ed

ucat

ion

incl

ude

spec

ific

con

tent

that

addr

esse

sth

eis

sue

ofdi

vers

ity.

The

com

pete

ncy

stat

emen

ts in

this

doc

umen

t wer

e de

velo

ped

with

that

fac

t in

min

d.

65

Page 34: 71p.DOCUMENT RESUME. ED 423 560 CS 509 904. TITLE Competent Communicators: K-12 Speaking, Listening, and Media. Literacy Standards and Competency Statements. INSTITUTION National Communication

29

Cla

rifi

catio

n of

Ter

ms.

As

with

any

edu

catio

nal d

ocum

ent,

it is

nec

essa

ry f

or th

ose

who

use

it to

be

able

to u

nder

stan

d it.

Thu

s, w

hat

follo

ws

is a

list

ing

and

desc

ript

ion

of c

erta

in te

rms

and

phra

ses

that

mig

ht h

ave

diff

eren

t mea

ning

s fo

r di

ffer

ent r

eade

rs.

The

term

div

ersi

ty s

ubsu

mes

the

follo

win

g de

scri

ptor

s:cu

ltura

let

hnic

soci

also

cio-

econ

omic

educ

atio

nal

sexu

al p

refe

renc

eag

eex

peri

entia

lge

nder

The

term

non

verb

al s

ubsu

mes

the

follo

win

g de

scri

ptor

s:vo

calic

sbo

dy la

ngua

geco

mm

unic

atio

n m

essa

ges

othe

r th

an s

poke

n m

essa

ges

The

term

s ap

prop

riat

e, e

ffec

tive,

and

eth

ical

are

use

d th

roug

hout

the

docu

men

t. C

omm

unic

atio

n sc

hola

rs h

ave

disc

usse

d th

ese

thre

eco

ncep

ts e

xten

sive

ly, a

s th

ey r

elat

e to

com

mun

icat

ion.

Wha

t fol

low

s is

a d

iscu

ssio

n of

how

thes

e te

rms

are

used

in th

is a

nd r

elat

edpu

blic

atio

ns.

App

ropr

iate

indi

cate

s th

at a

com

mun

icat

ion

beha

vior

is p

erfo

rmed

with

in th

e co

nfin

es o

f a

set o

f ex

pect

atio

ns, g

uide

lines

, or

rule

s,co

mm

only

agr

eed

to b

y m

ost p

eopl

e fo

r th

e gi

ven

com

mun

icat

ion

situ

atio

n. T

he c

omm

unic

atio

n be

havi

or m

ay o

r m

ay n

ot h

ave

been

succ

essf

ul in

acc

ompl

ishi

ng it

s go

al.

Eff

ectiv

e in

dica

tes

that

a c

omm

unic

atio

n be

havi

or is

suc

cess

ful i

n ac

com

plis

hing

the

goal

s of

the

com

mun

icat

or, b

ut it

may

not

hav

ebe

en p

erfo

rmed

acc

ordi

ng to

app

ropr

iate

gui

delin

es.

Eth

ical

indi

cate

s th

at a

com

mun

icat

ion

beha

vior

is b

oth

appr

opri

ate

(res

pect

s gu

idel

ines

) an

d ef

fect

ive

(acc

ompl

ishe

s go

als

ofco

mm

unic

ator

), a

nd th

at it

is p

erfo

rmed

with

a c

once

rn f

or th

e ef

fect

of

the

beha

vior

on

ever

yone

invo

lved

. Whi

le it

may

be

diff

icul

t to

dete

rmin

e if

suc

h co

ncer

n is

taki

ng p

lace

, som

e in

fere

nces

can

be

mad

e ba

sed

on o

bser

ving

com

mun

icat

ion

beha

vior

s.

6667

Page 35: 71p.DOCUMENT RESUME. ED 423 560 CS 509 904. TITLE Competent Communicators: K-12 Speaking, Listening, and Media. Literacy Standards and Competency Statements. INSTITUTION National Communication

30

The

term

s va

lue,

res

pect

, and

app

reci

ate

(as

wel

l as

othe

rs)

are

freq

uent

ly u

sed

in th

e at

titud

es s

ectio

n of

the

Com

pete

ncy

Stat

emen

ts,

to in

dica

te a

stu

dent

's w

illin

gnes

s to

exh

ibit

a pa

rtic

ular

beh

avio

r. I

n no

way

is N

CA

or

this

doc

umen

t sug

gest

ing

that

it is

the

orga

niza

tion'

s pl

ace

to d

icta

te w

hat p

erso

nal v

alue

s st

uden

ts, t

each

ers,

or

adm

inis

trat

ors

shou

ld h

old.

Ins

tead

, the

se te

rms

are

used

tosu

gges

t tha

t kno

wle

dge

can

be im

part

ed a

nd b

ehav

iors

can

be

taug

ht, b

ut o

nly

stud

ents

who

val

ue a

nd a

re m

otiv

ated

to u

se th

ekn

owle

dge

and

exhi

bit t

he b

ehav

iors

can

be

cons

ider

ed c

ompe

tent

com

mun

icat

ors.

6 8

6 9

Page 36: 71p.DOCUMENT RESUME. ED 423 560 CS 509 904. TITLE Competent Communicators: K-12 Speaking, Listening, and Media. Literacy Standards and Competency Statements. INSTITUTION National Communication

Pub

lishe

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