7.3.2.9 Measures during Drilling and...

Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed expansion of Surkha (North) Lignite Mine project (3 MTPA to 5 MTPA in ML area of 3672 ha) located at Tehsil Ghogha, District Bhavnagar, Gujarat

Chapter-7 Additional Studies

234

CrisisManagementGroup(CMG)consistingofhighlyskilled&decisionmakingpersons

willbeidentifiedwithintheorganizationtotacklewithsuchextremesituations.

7.3.2.9MeasuresduringDrillingandBlasting

Followingmeasureswillbetakenwhiledrillingandblastingoperationsinthequarry:

Drillingandblastinginquarrywillbedoneinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthe

MinesAct,rulesandregulations;

Adequatesafetymeasureswillbetakenduringblastingoperationsinthequarryso

thatmen/machinesarenotaffected;

Groundvibrationduetoblastingwillbecontrolledbythefollowingmeasures:

1. Reducingtheexplosivechargeperdelay;

2. Reducingthespacingandburdenperblast;

3. Reducingtheamountofexplosivechargedperblast;and

4. Proper controlled rock movement during blast by using suitable initiating

sequenceanddelay.

7.4 RiskAssessmentandDisasterManagementPlan

Hazardanalysis involves the identificationandquantificationofvarioushazards (unsafe

conditions) that exist in the mines. On the other hand, risk analysis deals with the

identificationandquantificationofrisks, theplantandminingequipmentandpersonnel

areexposedto,duetoaccidentsresultingfromthehazardspresentinthemine.

Risk analysis follows an extensive hazard analysis. It involves the identification and

assessment of risks the neighboring populations are exposed to as a result of hazards

present. This requires a thorough knowledge of failure probability, credible accident

scenario, vulnerability of populations etc. Much of this information is difficult to get or

generate.Consequently,theriskanalysisisoftenconfinedtomaximumcredibleaccident

studies.



235

In the sectionsbelow, the identificationof varioushazards, probable risks in themines,

maximumcredibleaccidentanalysis,andconsequenceanalysisareaddressedwhichgives

abroadidentificationofrisksinvolvedintheproposedexpansionofminingproject.Based

ontheriskestimationdisastermanagementplanhasbeenalsobeenpresented.

7.4.1 ApproachtotheStudy

Risk involves the occurrence or potential occurrenceof someaccidents consistingof an

eventorsequenceofevents.Theriskassessmentstudycoversthefollowing:

Identificationofpotentialhazardareas;

Identificationofrepresentativefailurecases;

Visualization of the resulting scenarios in terms of fire (thermal radiation) and

explosion;

Assesstheoveralldamagepotentialoftheidentifiedhazardouseventsandtheimpact

zonesfromtheaccidentalscenarios;

Assess the overall suitability of the site from hazard minimization and disaster

mitigationpointofview;

Furnish specific recommendations on the minimization of the worst accident

possibilities;and

Preparation of broad DMP, On‐site and Off‐site Emergency Plan, which includes

OccupationalHealthandSafetyPlan.

Thecompleteminingwillbecarriedoutunderthemanagementcontrolanddirectionof

aqualifiedminemanagerholdingafirstclassmanager’scertificateofcompetency.The

DGMShasbeenregularlyissuingstandingorders,modelstandingordersandcirculars

to be followedby theminemanagement in caseof disaster, if any.Moreover,mining

staffwillbesent torefreshercourses fromtimeto timetokeepthemalert.However,

followingnatural/industrialhazardsmayoccurduringnormaloperation:

Accidentduetoexplosives;

Accidentduetoheavyminingequipment;and

Sabotageincaseofmagazine.



236

Inordertotakecareofabovehazard/disasters,thefollowingcontrolmeasureswillbe

adopted.

All safety precautions and provisions of the Mine Act, 1955, the Coal Mines

Regulation, 1957 and the Mines Rules, 1955 will be strictly followed during all

miningoperations;

Entryofunauthorizedpersonswillbeprohibited;

Firefightingandfirst‐aidprovisionsintheminesofficecomplexandminingarea;

Provisionsofallthesafetyappliancessuchassafetyboot,helmets,gogglesetc.will

bemadeavailabletotheemployeesandregularcheckfortheiruse;

Training and refresher courses for all the employees working in hazardous

premises; Under mines rules all employees of mines will have to undergo the

trainingataregularinterval;

Workingofmine,asperapprovedplansandregularlyupdatingthemineplans;

Cleaningofminefaceswillberegularlydone;

Handling of explosives, charging and blasting will be carried out by competent

personsonly;

Provision of magazine at a safe place with fencing and necessary security

arrangement;

Regular maintenance and testing of all mining equipment as per manufacturer’s

guidelines;

Suppressionofdustonthehaulageroads;

Adequatesafetyequipmentwillbeprovidedatexplosivemagazine;and

Increasing theawarenessofsafetyanddisaster throughcompetitions,postersand

othersimilardrives.

Foranytypeofabovedisaster,arescueteamwillbeformedbytrainingtheminingstaff

withspecializedtraining.

7.4.2 PossibleHazardsinOpencastCoalMines



237

Therearevariousfactors,whichcancausedisasterinthemine.Theminingactivityhas

severaldisasterproneareas.TheidentificationofvarioushazardsisshowninFigure‐

7.3andthehazardsarediscussedbelow.

7.4.2.1Blasting

Mostoftheaccidentsfromblastingoccurduetotheprojectiles,astheymaysometimes

go even beyond the danger zone, mainly due to overcharging of the shot‐holes as a

result of certain special features of the local ground. Flying rocks are encountered

during initial and final blasting operations. Vibrations also lead to displacement of

adjoining areas. Dust and noise are also problems commonly encountered during

blastingoperations.

7.4.2.2Overburden

The overburden dump may cause landslides. High overburden dump created at the

quarryedgemaycauseslidingoftheoverburdendumpormaycausefailureofthepit

slopeduetoexcessiveloading,therebycausinglossoflifeandproperty.

7.4.2.3HeavyMachinery

Mostoftheaccidentsduringtransportofdumpers,trucks,proclainsandripperdozers

and other heavy vehicles are often attributable to mechanical failures and human

errors.

7.4.2.4StorageofExplosives

Theexplosivemagazinewithstoragefacilityisproposedfor3Tonneofhighexplosives,

1000noofdetonators,15000mofdetonatingcord,10TonsofAmmoniumNitrate.For

thepurposeoftransportationofexplosives,explosivevanisproposed.



238

FIGURE‐7.3:IDENTIFICATIONOFHAZARDSINOPENCASTMINE

MINE SITE

EXPLORATIOOF LIGNITE

DRILLING ANDBLASTIN

PYRITE REMOVALPLAN

FUEL (DIESEL)STORAG

DUSECOLOGICAL (LAND, AIR, WATER) NOISE FIRE

TRANSPORTATIONOF LIGNITE



239

Themainhazard associatedwith the storage, transport andhandlingof explosives is

fireandexplosion.TherulesaspertheIndianExplosivesActandRules1883shouldbe

followed forhandlingofexplosives,which includes transportation, storageanduseof

explosives.

7.4.2.5FuelStorage

Mostof theHEMMisoperatedondiesel.Hence,a licenseddieselstoragefacility from

IOCanddisbursingunitsofappropriatecapacityhasalsobeenprovided.

7.4.2.6WaterLogging

Waterloggingintheminesitecanbeavoidedbyadoptingfollowingmeasures:

Positionofwaterbodyshouldbecorrectlyknown;and

Drainingofminewaterbysuitablecapacitypumps.

7.4.2.7HazardIdentification

ClassificationofMajorHazardousSubstance

Hazardous substancesmay be classified into threemain classes: flammable substances,

unstable substances and toxic substances. The ratings for a large number of chemicals

based on flammability, reactivity and toxicity have been given in NFPA Codes 49 and

345M. The details of the fuel storages in the mine are given inTable‐7.8. Hazardous

characteristics of the major flammable materials and chemicals that are employed in

differentprocessesarelistedinTable‐7.9.

TABLE‐7.8:CATEGORYWISESCHEDULEOFPROPOSEDSTORAGETANK

Sr.No. Product No.of

Tanks

Classification DesignCapacity

(KL)

1 HSD 1 B 50

A:DangerousPetroleum B:Non‐DangerousPetroleum C:HeavyPetroleum

Source:MinePlan



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TABLE‐7.9:PROPERTIESOFFUELS/CHEMICALSUSEDATTHECOALMINE

Chemical Codes/Label TLVFBP MP FP UEL LEL

°C %

HSD Flammableliquid NotListed 360 ‐‐ 32 5.0 0.5

Source:IOCL/MSDSSheets

TLV : ThresholdLimitValue FBP : FinalBoilingPoint

MP : MeltingPoint FP : FlashPoint

UEL : UpperExplosiveLimit LEL : LowerExplosiveLimit

IdentificationofMajorHazardInstallationsBasedonGOIRules,1989(Amended

in2000)

Asystematicanalysisof thefuelsandtheirquantitiesofstoragehasbeencarriedout,to

determine threshold quantities as notified by GOI Rules and the applicable rules are

identified.TheresultsaresummarizedinTable‐7.10.

TABLE‐7.10:APPLICABILITYOFGOIRULESTOFUEL/CHEMICALSTORAGE

Sr.

No.

Chemical/

Fuel

Listedin

Schedule

TotalQuantity

(KL)

ThresholdQuantity(T)

forApplicationofRules

5,7‐9,13‐15 10‐12

1 HSD 3(1) 1X50 25MT 200MT

Source:MinePlan&MaterialSafetyDataSheets

FireExplosionandToxicityIndex(FE&TI)Approach

BasedontheGOIRules,thehazardousfuelsusedintheproposedmineareidentified.Fire

andExplosionarethelikelyhazards,whichmayoccurduetothefuelstorages.Hence,Fire

andExplosionindexhasbeencalculatedforstorageinmine.DetailedestimatesofFE&TI

aregiveninTable‐7.11.



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TABLE‐7.11:FIREEXPLOSIONANDTOXICITYINDEXFORSTORAGEFACILITIES

Sr.No. Chemical TotalQuantity F&EI Category TI Category

1 HSD 1X50KL 8.1 Light ‐ ‐

Source:MinePlan&MaterialSafetyDataSheets

SafetyMeasuresattheMinesite Adequatecarehasbeentaken indecidingthesizeof thebenchfortheworkingas

wellasultimatepit.

Thebenchesareproperly slopedat anangleof70degree toavoidanyspillageof

benches.

Adequate drainage system at the top of the pit and also on the benches shall be

madetopreventerosionofthebenches.

The quarrieswill be protected by garland drains around the periphery for storm

waterdrainage.

Aminimum safe distance of 100‐mwill be kept between the surface edge of the

quarry and the nearest public building, roads etc. When the surface edge of the

quarry approacheswithin a limit of 300m from any road, public building special

permission from DGMS will be taken to conduct controlled blasting to prevent

damage/injurytopubliclifeandproperty;and

Allminingoperationsbothwithinthequarryandoutsidewillbeconductedasper

the conditions laid down byDGMS and under the strict supervision of competent

personsappointedundertheCoalMinesRegulations,1957.

PrecautionaryMeasurestoAvoidAccidentsDuetoBlasting:

TheprovisionslaiddownintheCoalMineRegulation,1957relatedtoBlastingshall

strictlybefollowed.Howeversomeofthemainprovisionsarewrittenhere‐

Shots shall notbe firedexceptduring thehoursofdaylight.Theholes chargedon

anyparticulardayshallbefiredonthesameday.

Adequateblastingsheltersorotherprotectionshallbeprovidedatmines.



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Theshot‐firershallgivesufficientwarningbyeffectivesignalsovertheentirearea

fallingwithinaradiusofdangerzone.

Multi‐shotexplodershallbeused.Ashot‐firerwillfiremaximum120Shots.

Duringtheapproachandprogressofelectricalstorm,adequateprecautionsshallbe

taken.

Thechargeintheholeshallbesodecided&delayshouldbeprovidedinsuchaway

thatthePeakParticleVelocity(PPV)donotexceedtheThresholdLimit.

PrecautionaryMeasurestoPreventtheOverburdenDumpFailures:

Astudystonewallshouldbebuiltaroundthetoeofeachinactivedumpatadistance

ofabout50mfromthetoe.

To prevent the failure of overburden slopes, especially during rainy season,

followingprecautionsneedtobetakenagainstthishazard:

a. Properterracingofthedumpslope,withmaximumbenchheightof10m.

b. Adequate drainage system to be provided in each lift of the dump to prevent

erosionofthedumpsides.

Plantingvegetationasearlyaspossibleovertheoverburdendumpslopes.

The drainage channels along the overburden dump toes provide additional

protection.

While doing this, a distance of over 15m should be left between the overburden

dumpandthetoedrain.

PrecautionaryMeasurestoPreventAccidentsduetoTrucksandDumpers:

All transportationwithin themainworkingshallbecarriedoutdirectlyunder the

supervisionandcontrolofthemanagement.

The vehiclesmust bemaintained in good repairs and checked thoroughly at least

once a week by the competent person authorized for the purpose by the

Management.



243

Road signs shall be provided at each and every turning point especially for the

guidanceofthedriversatthenight.

Toavoiddangerwhilereversingthetracklessvehiclesespeciallyattheembankment

andtippingpoints,allareasforreversingoflorriesshouldasfaraspossiblebemade

manfree.

Astatutoryprovisionof the fences, constanteducation, trainingetc.will goa long

wayinreducingtheincidentsofsuchaccidents.

Generally, oversize rocks shall be dealt with in the pit by secondary blasting.

However, for haul trucks at the dumpwith such oversizematerials, the following

recommendationsaregiven.

a. Loadconsistingoflargerocksmustnotbeovertheedge.Thisisunsafeandmay

damageequipment.

b. Suchloadmustbeinside.

Dumpingofoverburdenorwastematerialbydumpersanddozerswillbegoverned

byCodeofDumping,whichisalreadyformulated&implemented.

ThemovementofthedumperswillbegovernedundertheCodeofTrafficrulewhich

isalreadyformulated&implemented.

7.4.3 DisasterManagementPlan

Thedisastermanagementplanisaimedtoensuresafetyoflife,protectionofenvironment,

protection of installation, restoration of production and salvage operations in this same

orderofpriorities.Foreffectiveimplementationofthedisastermanagementplan,itshould

bewidelycirculatedandpersonneltrainingthroughrehearsals/drills.Theobjectiveofthe

disastermanagementplanistomakeuseofthecombinedresourcesofthemineandcola

washerytheoutsideservicestoachievethefollowing:

1. Effecttherescueandmedicaltreatmentofcasualties;

2. Safeguardotherpeople;

3. Minimizedamagetopropertyandtheenvironment;

4. Initiallycontainandultimatelybringtheincidentundercontrol;

5. Identifyanydead;



244

6. Providefortheneedsofrelatives;

7. Provideauthoritativeinformationtothenewsmedia;

8. Securethesaferehabilitationofaffectedarea;and

9. Preserve relevant records and equipment for the subsequent inquiry into the

causeandcircumstancesoftheemergency.

Ineffect,itistooptimizeoperationalefficiencytorescuerehabilitationandrendermedical

helpandtorestorenormalcy.

EmergencyOrganization(EO)

Itisrecommendedtosetupanemergencyorganization.Aseniorexecutive(MineManager)

whohascontrolovertheaffairsoftheminewouldbeheadingtheemergencyorganization.

Hewould be designated as site controller. As per the general organization chart, in the

mines, the mines manager would be designated as the Incident Controller (IC). The

incidentcontrollerwouldbereportingtothesitecontroller.

Each incident controller, for himself, organizes a team responsible for controlling the

incidence with the personnel under his control. Shift In‐chargewould be the reporting

officer,whowouldbring the incidence to thenoticeof the incidence controller and site

controller.

Emergency co‐ordinatorswouldbeappointedwhowouldundertake the responsibilities

like fire fighting, rescue, rehabilitation, transport and provide essential and support

services. For this purposes, Security in‐charge, personnel department, essential services

personnelwouldbeengaged.Allthesepersonnelwouldbedesignatedaskeypersonnel.

In each shift, electrical supervisor, electrical fitters, pump house in‐charge and other

maintenance staffwouldbedrafted for emergencyoperations. In theeventofpoweror

communicationsystemfailure,someofstaffmembersinthemineofficeswouldbedrafted

andtheirserviceswouldbeutilizedasmessengersforquickpassingofcommunications.

Allthesepersonnelwouldbedeclaredasessentialpersonnel.



245

EmergencyCommunication(EC)

Whoevernoticesanemergencysituationsuchasfire,growthoffireetc.wouldinformhis

immediate superior and Emergency Control Centre (ECC). The person on duty in the

emergency control centrewould appraise the site controller. Site Controller verifies the

situation from the incident controller of that area or the Shift In‐charge and takes a

decisionaboutanimpendingonsiteemergency.Thiswouldbecommunicatedtotheentire

incident controllers, emergency co‐ordinators. Simultaneously, the emergency warning

systemwouldbeactivatedontheinstructionsofthesitecontroller.

EmergencyResponsibilities

Theresponsibilitiesofthekeypersonnelareappendedbelow:

SiteController

Onreceivinginformationaboutemergencyhewouldrushtoemergencycontrolcentreand

takechargeofECCandthesituationswhichallaregivenbelow:

Assesses the magnitude of the situation on the advice of incident controller and

decides;

Whethertheaffectedareaneedstobeevacuated;

Whetherpersonnelwhoareatassemblypointsneedtobeevacuated;

DeclaresEmergencyandordersforoperationofemergencysiren;

Organizesannouncementbypublicaddresssystemaboutlocationofemergency;

Assesseswhich areas are likely to be affected, or need to be evacuated or are tobe

alerted;

Maintainsacontinuousreviewofpossibledevelopmentandassessesthesituationin

consultationwithIncidentControllerandotherKeyPersonnelastowhethershutting

themineoperationrequiredandifevacuationofpersonsisrequired;

DirectspersonnelforRescue,rehabilitation,transport,fire,brigade,medicalandother

designatedmutualsupportsystemslocallyavailable,formeetingemergencies;



246

Controls evacuationof affectedareas, if the situation is likely togooutof controlor

effects are likely to go beyond the mine boundary, informs to District Emergency

Authority,Police,Hospitalandseekstheirinterventionandhelp;

Informsthestatutoryauthorities;

Givesapublicstatementifnecessary;

Keeps record of chronological events and prepares an investigation report and

preservesevidence;and

OncompletionofOnSiteEmergencyandrestorationofnormalcy,declaresallclearand

ordersforallclearwarning.

IncidentController

Assemblestheincidentcontrolteam;

Directsoperationswithintheaffectedareaswiththeprioritiesforsafetytopersonnel,

minimizedamagetopropertyandenvironmentandminimizethelossofmaterials;

Directstheshuttingdowntheoperationsandareaslikelytobeadverselyaffectedby

theemergency;

Ensuresthatallkeypersonnelhelpissought;

Provides advise and information to the Fire and Security Officer and the Local Fire

Servicesasandwhentheyarrive;

Ensures that all non‐essential workers/staff of the affected areas evacuated to the

appropriateassemblypoints,andtheareasaresearchedforcausalities;

Hasregardtotheneedforpreservationofevidencesoastofacilitateanyinquiryinto

thecauseandcircumstanceswhichcausedorescalatedtheemergency;

Co‐ordinateswithemergencyservicesatthesite;

Providestoolsandsafetyequipmenttotheteammembers;

Keepsintouchwiththeteamandadvisethemregardingthemethodofcontroltobe

used;and

KeepstheSiteControllerofEmergencyinformedoftheprogressbeingmade.



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EmergencyCoordinator‐Rescue,FireFighting

Onknowingaboutemergency,rushestoECC;

HelpstheincidentControllerincontainmentoftheemergency;

Ensurefirepumpsinoperatingconditionsandinstructspumphouseoperatortoready

foranyemergencywithstandbyarrangement;

Guidesthefirefightingcrewi.e.firemen,trainedminepersonnelandsecuritystaff;

Organizesshiftingthefirefightingfacilitiestotheemergencysite,ifrequired;

Takes guidance of the Incident Controller for fire fighting as well as assesses the

requirementsofoutsidehelp;

Arrangestocontrolthetrafficattheincidentarea;

Directsthesecuritystafftotheincidentsitetotakepartintheemergencyoperations

underhisguidanceandsupervision;

EvacuatesthepeopleinthemineorinthenearbyareasasadvisedbySiteController;

Searchesforcasualtiesandarrangesproperaidforthem;

Assemblessearchandevacuationteam;

Arrangesforsafetyequipmentforthemembersofthisteam;

Decideswhichpathstheevacuatedworkersshouldfollow;and

Maintainslawandorderinthearea,andifnecessaryseeksthehelpofpolice.

Emergency Coordinator ‐ Medical, Mutual Aid, Rehabilitation, Transport and

Communication

In the event of failure of electric supply and thereby internal telephone, sets up

communicationpointandestablishescontactwiththeEmergencyControlCentre(ECC).

Organizesmedical treatment to the injured and if necessarywill shift the injured to

nearbyhospitals;

Mobilizesextramedicalhelpfromoutside,ifnecessary;

Keepsalistofqualifiedfirstaidersofthefactoryandseektheirassistance;

Maintainsfirstaidandmedicalemergencyrequirements;

Makessurethatallsafetyequipmentaremadeavailabletotheemergencyteam;



248

AssistsSiteControllerwithnecessarydataandtocoordinatetheemergencyactivities;

AssistsSiteControllerinupdatingemergencyplan,organizingmockdrillsverification

ofinventoryofemergencyfacilitiesandfurnishingreporttoSiteController;

MaintainsliaisonwithCivilAdministration;

Ensureavailabilityofcanteenfacilitiesandmaintenanceofrehabilitationcentre;

LiaisonwithSiteController/IncidentController;

Ensuretransportationfacility;

Ensures availability of necessary cash for rescue/rehabilitation and emergency

expenditure;

Controlsrehabilitationofaffectedareasondiscontinuationofemergency;and

Makesavailablediesel/petrolfortransportvehiclesengagedinemergencyoperation.

EmergencyCoordinator‐EssentialServices

HewouldassistSiteControllerandIncidentController;

MaintainsessentialserviceslikeDieselGenerator,Water,FireWater,powersupplyfor

lighting;

Givesnecessaryinstructionsregardingemergencyelectricalsupply,isolationofcertain

sectionsetc.toshiftin‐chargeandelectricians;and

Ensures availability of adequate quantities of protective equipment and other

emergencymaterials,sparesetc.

GeneralResponsibilitiesofEmployeesduringanEmergency

During an emergency, it becomesmore enhanced and pronouncedwhen an emergency

warningisraised,theworkersin‐charge,shouldadoptsafeandemergencyshutdownand

attendanyprescribeddutyasessentialemployee.Ifnosuchresponsibilityisassigned,he

shouldadoptasafecoursetoassemblypointandawaitinstructions.Heshouldnotresort

tospreadpanic.Ontheotherhand,hemustassistemergencypersonneltowardsobjectives

ofDMP.



249

7.4.4 EmergencyFacilities

EmergencyControlCentre(ECC)

Forthetimebeing,MineOfficeBlockisidentifiedasEmergencyControlCentre.Itwould

have external Telephone, Fax, Telex facility. All the Site Controller/ Incident Controller

Officers,SeniorPersonnelwouldbelocatedhere.Also,itwouldbeanelevatedplace.

The following information and equipment are to be provided at theEmergencyControl

Centre(ECC):

Intercom,telephone;

P&Ttelephone;

Safecontainedbreathingapparatus;

Firesuit/gastightgoggles/gloves/helmets;

Handtools,winddirection/velocitiesindications;

Publicaddressmegaphone,handbell,telephonedirectories;

InternalP&T,factorylayout,siteplan;

Emergencylamp/torchlight/batteries;

Planindicatinglocationsofhazardinventories,sourcesofsafetyequipment,workroad

plan,assemblypoints,rescuelocationvulnerablezones,escaperoutes;

Hazardchart;

Emergencyshut‐downprocedures;

Nominalrollofemployees;

Listofkeypersonnel,listofessentialemployees,listofEmergencyCo‐ordinators;

Dutiesofkeypersonnel;

Addresswithtelephonenumbersandkeypersonnel,emergencycoordinator,essential

employees;and

Important address and telephone numbers including Government agencies,

neighboringindustriesandsourcesofhelp,outsideexperts,populationdetailsaround

theMine.



250

AssemblyPoint

3 Numbers of assembly points are already provided wherein employees who are not

directly connected with the disaster management would be assembled for safety and

rescue. Emergency breathing apparatus, minimum facilities like water etc. would be

organized.

Inviewofthesizeofminepitarea,differentlocationsshouldbeearmarkedasassembly

points.Dependinguponthelocationofhazard,theassemblypointsaretobeused.

EmergencyPowerSupply

Mine facilities are connected to power supply from the GSEB. In the event of any grid

supply failure,DieselGeneratorsareprovidedat themine,which isoperatedassoonas

anypowerfailureoccurs.Thuswaterpumps,minelightingandemergencycontrolcentre,

administrative building and other auxiliary services are connected to emergency power

supply.Inalltheblocksflameprooftypeemergencylampswouldbeprovided.

FireFightingFacilities

First aid fire fighting equipment suitable for emergency are being maintained in each

operationareasofthemineasperstatutoryrequirements.

LocationofWindSock

Onthetopoftheadministrationblock,windsockisinstalledtoindicatedirectionofwind

foremergencyescape.

EmergencyMedicalFacilities

Stretchers,gasmasksandgeneralfirstaidmaterialsfordealingwithchemicalburns,fire

burnsetc.arebeingmaintainedinthemedicalcentreaswellasintheemergencycontrol

room.Privatemedicalpractitionershelpisbeingsoughtduringemergencies.Government

hospitalwouldbeapproachedforemergencyhelp.



251

Names of medical personnel, medical facilities in the area are prepared and displayed.

Necessary specific medicines for emergency treatment of burns patients and for those

affectedbytoxicitywouldbemaintained.

Breathing apparatus and other emergency medical equipment are provided and

maintained. The help of nearby industrialmanagement’s in this regardwould taken on

mutualsupportbasis.

Ambulance

Anambulancewithdriveravailabilityinalltheshifts,emergencyshiftvehicleisensured

andmaintainedtotransportinjuredoraffectedpersons.Numberofpersonsaretrainedin

firstaidsothat,ineveryshiftfirstaidpersonnelwouldbeavailable.

7.4.5 EmergencyActions

EmergencyWarningCommunicationofemergencyismadefamiliartothepersonnelinsidethemineandpeople

outside.Anemergencywarningsystemisalsoestablished.

EvacuationofPersonnel

In theeventofanemergency,unconnectedpersonnelhave toescape toassemblypoint.

Operatorshavetotakeemergencyshutdownprocedureandescape.TimeOfficemaintains

acopyofdeploymentofemployeesineachshift.Ifnecessary,personscanbeevacuatedby

rescueteams.

AllClearSignalAlso,attheendofanemergency,afterdiscussingwithIncidentControllersandEmergency

Co‐ordinators,theSiteControllerordersanallclearsignal.Whenitbecomesessential,the

site controller communicates to thedistrict emergencyauthority, police and fire service

personnel regarding help required or development of the situation into an Off‐Site

Emergency.



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7.4.6 General

EmployeeInformation

During an emergency, employees are warned by raising siren in specific pattern.

Employeesareprovidedwith informationrelated to firehazards,antidotesand firstaid

measures.Thosewhowoulddesignateaskeypersonnelandessentialemployeesshouldbe

giventrainingtoemergencyresponse.

Co‐ordinationwithLocalAuthoritiesKeepinginviewofthenatureofemergency,twolevelsofcoordinationarepracticed.Inthe

caseofanOnSiteEmergency,resourceswithintheorganizationwouldbemobilizedandin

theeventextremeemergencylocalauthoritieshelpshouldbesought.

In the eventof anemergencydeveloping intoanoff siteemergency, local authorityand

DistrictemergencyAuthority(normallytheCollector)wouldbeappraisedandunderhis

supervision,theOffSiteDisasterManagementPlanwouldbeexercised.Forthispurpose,

the facilities that are available locally, i.e. medical, transport, personnel, rescue

accommodation, voluntary organizations etc. would be mustered. Necessary rehearsals

andtrainingintheformofmockdrillsshouldbeorganized.

MutualAid

Mutual aid in the form of technical personnel, runners, helpers, special protective

equipment, transport vehicles, communication facility etc. should be sought from the

neighboringindustrialmanagement’s.

MockDrills

Emergency preparedness is an important aspect of planning in Industrial Disaster

Management. Personnel’s trained suitably and prepared mentally and physically in

emergency response throughcarefullyplanned, simulatedprocedures. Similarly, thekey

personnelandessentialpersonnelshouldbetrainedintheoperations.



253

ImportantInformation

Important informationsuchnamesandaddressesofkeypersonnel,essentialemployees,

medical personnel, transporters address, address of those connected with Off Site

Emergency suchasPolice, LocalAuthorities,FireServices,DistrictEmergencyAuthority

arepreparedandmaintained.

7.4.7 Off‐SiteEmergencyPreparednessPlan

Thetaskofpreparingtheoff‐siteemergencyplanlieswiththedistrictcollector.However,

the off‐site plan will be prepared with the help of the local district authorities. The

proposedplanwillbebasedonthefollowingguidelines.

AspectsProposedtobeConsideredintheOff‐SiteEmergencyPlan

Themainaspectswhichshouldbeincludedintheemergencyplanare:

Organization

Detailsof commandstructure,warningsystems, implementationprocedures,emergency

controlcentres,namesandappointmentsofincidentcontroller,sitemaincontroller,their

deputiesandotherkeypersonnel.

Communications

Identification of personnel involved, communication centre, call signs, network, lists of

telephonenumbers.

SpecializedKnowledge

Detailsofspecialistbodies, firmsandpeopleuponwhomitmaybenecessarytocalle.g.

thosewithspecializedknowledgeoffirecontrol.



254

VoluntaryOrganizationsDetailsoforganizers,telephonenumbers,resourcesetc.

ChemicalInformation

Detailsofthehazardoussubstancesstoredorprocedureoneachsiteandasummaryofthe

riskassociatedwiththem.

MeteorologicalInformation

Arrangements for obtaining details of whether conditions prevailing at the time and

whetherforecasts.

HumanitarianArrangements

Transport, evacuation centres, emergency feeding treatment of injured, first aid,

ambulances,temporarymortuaries.

PublicInformation

Arrangementsfordealingwiththemediapressoffice;b]informingrelatives,etc.

Assessment

Arrangementsfor:(a)collectinginformationonthecausesoftheemergency;(b)reviewing

theefficiencyandeffectivenessofallaspectsoftheemergencyplan.

RoleoftheEmergencyCo‐ordinatingOfficer

The various emergency services should be co‐ordinated by an emergency co‐ordinating

officer(ECO),whowillbedesignatedbythedistrictcollector.TheECOshouldliaiseclosely

with the site main controller. The ECO should inform the DGMS authorities in case of

accidents as per the statutory requirement.Againdependingon local arrangements, for

very severe incidents/accidents with major or prolonged off‐site consequences, the



255

external control should be passed to a senior local authority administrator or even an

administratorappointedbythecentralorstategovernment.

RoleoftheLocalAuthority

The duty to prepare the off‐site plan lies with the local authorities. The emergency

planningofficer(EPO)appointedshouldcarryouthisdutyinpreparingforawholerange

of different emergencieswithin the local authority area. TheEPO should liaisewith the

works, to obtain the information to provide the basis for the plan. This liaison should

ensurethattheplaniscontinuallykeptuptodate.

ItwillbetheresponsibilityoftheEPOtoensurethatallthoseorganizationswhichwillbe

involvedoffsiteinhandlingtheemergency,knowoftheirroleandareabletoacceptitby

having for example, sufficient staff and appropriate equipment to cover their particular

responsibilities.Rehearsalsforoff‐siteplansshouldbeorganizedbytheEPO.

RoleofPolice

Formaldutiesofthepoliceduringanemergencyincludeprotectinglifeandpropertyand

controlling traffic movements. Their functions should include controlling bystanders

evacuating the public, identifying the dead and dealing with casualties, and informing

relativesofdeathorinjury.

RoleofFireAuthorities

Thecontrolofafireshouldbenormallytheresponsibilityoftheseniorfirebrigadeofficer

whowouldtakeoverthehandlingofthefirefromthesiteincidentcontrolleronarrivalat

thesite.Theseniorfirebrigadeofficershouldalsohaveasimilarresponsibilityforother

events, such as explosions. Fire authorities in the region should be apprised about the

location of all stores of flammable materials, water supply points and fire‐fighting

equipment.Theyshouldbeinvolvedinon‐siteemergencyrehearsalsbothasparticipants

and,onoccasion,asobserversofexercisesinvolvingonlysitepersonnel.



256

RoleofHealthAuthorities

Health authorities, includingdoctors, surgeons,hospitals, ambulances, and soon, should

haveavitalparttoplayfollowingamajoraccident,andtheyshouldformanintegralpartof

theemergencyplan.

Formajorfires,injuriesshouldbetheresultoftheeffectsofthermalradiationtoavarying

degree,andtheknowledgeandexperiencetohandlethisinallbutextremecasesmaybe

generallyavailableinmosthospitals.

Majoroff‐siteincidentsarelikelytorequiremedicalequipmentandfacilitiesadditionalto

those available locally, and a medical “mutual aid" scheme should exist to enable the

assistanceofneighboringauthoritiestobeobtainedintheeventofanemergency.

RoleofGovernmentSafetyAuthority

Thiswillbethefactoryinspectorateavailableintheregion.Inspectorsarelikelytowantto

satisfy themselves that the organization responsible for producing the off‐site plan has

made adequate arrangements for handling emergencies of all types including major

emergencies.Theymaywishtoseewelldocumentedproceduresandevidenceofexercise

undertakentotesttheplan.

Intheeventofanaccident,localarrangementsregardingtheroleofthefactoryinspector

will apply. These may vary from keeping a watching brief to a close involvement in

advisingonoperationsincaseinvolvementinadvisingonoperations.

7.5 CorporateSocialResponsibility(CSR)

Alldevelopmentalworksneedstobecarriedoutkeepinginmindthepotentialneedsof

the localpeopleof thearea.Underall circumstances, theneeds (economic, socialand

cultural)ofthelocalpeoplehavetobeproperlyandadequatelyaddressed.

Socio‐economic profile of the study area revealed that mining and associated sector

wouldbemajorsourceofemployment.Localpeoplewouldbebenefitedbyincreasein

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