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IIEALTH BELIEF AND HBALTH PRACTICE TO QUIT SI.IOKING
OF I{ATE PERSONEL IN THE IIOSPITAL
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Thesis Title
Nane
Degree
Thesis Supervisory
'Health Belief and Health Practice to QuitSnoking of Male Personel in the HospitalNitaya Yenchan
Hast,er of Scienee (Nursing)
Connittee
Penchan S. Monaiyapon,
I{i}ai Leesuwan, B. Sc.
Date of Graduation 14 January B.E. 2535 (
B.Ed.,M.Ed.
,lt. Ed.
1992 )
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ABSTRACT
The purpose of this research was to exan.ine therelationship anong health belief,basic conditioning factors,of 19", edueat,ion, incone, history of fanily relatedsnoking, and health practice .to quit snoking of nalepersonel in t,he hospital. The purposive sanple consistedof 162 personels regist,ered at Bangkok's hospital Hinistryof PubIic Health Thailand. The health belief was neasured
by the questionnaire developed by the investigator based
on Becker and Mainan's health belief model. The healthpractice to quit snoking was neasured by the questionnaire
developed by the investigator derived by reviewingI iLerat ures -
Results ofof health beliefpractice to quitsusceptibility (r=.
the study revealed that. total score
uas posit ively correlated with healthsnoking (r=.20,p<.01.), i.e. , perceieved.
15, p( - O5 ) and health mot ivat ion ( r= , 28,
there lrere a negatively correlated*
p( .001) . However,Copyright by Mahidol University
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betueen two factors, i.e, age, incone, and health practieeto quit snoking. (r=-.22ip<-01,r=-.21;p<.Ot). But,, therewas a positively correlat,ed, betueen history of faniryrelated snoking and health practice to quit snoking.(r=.14np( .05) . I{hen all dinensions of hearth berief and
basic cond,itioning factors irere entered into the stepwiseregression mod.el to predict health practice to quitsnoking. Hearth not ivat,ionn age and history of faniryrelated, snoking were significant predictors, and accoqntedfor L4% of variance in health practice to quit snokingwhich lras statistically significant. Health notivation ist,he best predictor of health practice t,o quit snoking..
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f,o\r r um i,{n^s'ltuHur iirrffrrg.u aiaunr:i'orirfirlrurou a s n r rd {r { il t sI I nI ffffo u rln s q r n n r :frem l n * a o fr o
r da fontru r daffT uc!n'l$xa{ufru r fau ( Chanpion
1984:73-8El Toaqsilsr*uuufisud ga fi{ 1zo esnuu4.${usrvuuug{fl { 14il1sn {q?'til t r ootudnn.ruo'
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ffi {ar ffsfr r s u ur {on r rrliffi nu r da.ro dul"*ffu,, o,q.ln
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n1rilailoou r noso{uuuiHrn ToaudtnrrrlifrCI'nu r fiu9rg rsffuToa'tffia,rsir,,rra{nyuuurrir t fiu
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drrafu{u fi.rfiusr r fiu'irfirnr:drirrfi r fioflrtlraT r *arfiutraurfiafifia aiartofio,iorirrfiooriutr?ruo?{nar.rro.snirJoru?nr fi{fir.*ro""trrO"-r*raaratufiu*r.rr*d 16 ufirrir r ilrurilnntuilrnqru^ol r lru toa6oirdrurtnrirrfiusrtff Snfruonrzddrufraru i.,r rfiunlntfrronrztruuraifiuori.r.r
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nairuurnrf,uilanraaad (Alkaloid.s) firnfiu (Nicotine) ur{firrfio(Nornicotine) fraTodfiu (Myosnine) fi.ruoinr6rfilutsrr r cu r fiua $d
n r t i ia n {o'f, , flrrn., fi np r n r r ru f, rufiud:r r,l'i r .,r n r r r r d a ff r urnn ruq o , ,qsq {ilq ia i r ru u a v n I t ilflfrn- nu t ii o n r r r o duuu i'l uust a r n : d r a r a {T r.,r$ a 1 il 1 a ffi {a91 9A
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n'lrd{1{s. **fi*aieuil:srnou**d.frrufrr firmfiu fl.r r fiuri'rt d*rrt?rfionrt
fro*r'i.il".rrtdrfiruoiadrau1fra ( u, s. Departnent, of
and tJelf are LgTr il'r.rl,uuundfurn zs303z1) lio-t-
n rrooilru r a.rilterduru*r.rn r affufi urs ae, r ra 1 n a ra Tulra**frufi a ( durat iont[t
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ua'rarsurnarirsnra A',rilfia ,, ,rnondsia rdnil:sdrn (Nerve cells)^u q & e .l , 4 q- A e . q. rrirtfr r doarnrzdu r sruf,ro* r fio'sqrnfiTnBu'trln:rfrur dail:sdrntHErr r nde
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rarafirarqdrlfi rfionr:ar r iau g I iiuatianrs rr[1sa1rnrruasdr'tff
(effects of nicotine in gastrointestine) rirtfinrrnas,tflalu'l?fiaaa{1il fiarasiofirrioatunzs Iu'lso'lr4'lr uasnlrrn*ou'lrarna{n?s !r{1s
a1u'lx $naoquoiilitrzdorurr (test-buds) atalasiar"utnrrlraartausos
firtq (effects of nicotine on cardiovascular) TeBdltfinrzuta?q
rfiufrt fialcrfiur{rfru rfirunrrrufiuTafia (n?{'tn? rquw, ilrd zlzo.L7,.fofvdl
s58'l?gru stil$fsFtil 2520: 392 )
nr rtrulra*fiaraeiadt ourfrafi.rou r o ruarfiu raffaruf oalfi?unTuno.rgt9
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ilrsrurru?oaas 60 il.rtuufiailfiuara6r r da r ilT i*rrnraufir r fioilunrrsurirjao rdu nr{uauruouonlfd (carbon-nonoxidel nr{lau'toaanlfo{(carbon-dioxid,el .tflTotrquf,nIilo{ (hydrogen sulfid.e) uaslifTorteuTdar'(ud (hydrogen cyanid,et 3.rrfiua.rdfifiun:rsdorsuuuralqlt_
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{ a .{ - uqr sn r nnil'Ifl ilnfuflililCIq1{1nut
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rir?fiar r r rfl sr ?? surilunsifis ilatdanfr o.rfru. . 4 -d- -t'
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r luTdlrliu ( benzopyr ine I do , fiua. rflt
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ua'ladfio, d,oo.nurduuoatdilrsfl ou r fiufrsufia$avaun,ts d.rounrn1ulila19lt9
aur ila tfiooTuoruuuu oun.rn r nilfitndrefiqrria r f,ufirfiufiu (Tarr il.r rrafiar9t9.4{dtd1 .re$
. uasilnautullu lt,U?'l t ilud1?flars t T{ ( Conplete Carcinogen ) drrouan
1:ndr t1nrru:ruu6.:il
I 1. rut r f'siloo ( Lung cancer I q'rnafrfifl'lrfinylnrtdrunr:
uundwui rfi do'r adr aT roilc r 6.rrJao iru'trart r fufiilsilauur* ilm :rn r:s r afi e a!
u s r 6.,r il o o ri ruru r n o d l u r fr a o r "
n r a fi 6 a'l u r $ro a r ilo fi o r r n r : duur *u. n n'i r duun
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2. uaooaililnrdur{aT.,runratarulilruar (Bronchit,is and
Enphysena) qrnnr:dr??qa?'r8r r 6lrlrsrasrlrsdrduturlzs r ndoir.rl uu'irirueuff rle aff r a o r n r t'r o il r afuus r { o t { f; .r g r a u a
"ufr silaauf,rfi udfi un T r4lrpa*
uuler"q
frtil,*r.tu*ri.lfrr fionrtrsa,rB t dotunsuu'irtuffrha'ta r {of.,rraiara{o r {oi.rfiua aeail'trlurro"u^ t unrii tot'ln'l :u^n r rt^* urlH oni l qufi oan { fi n r rdru r da
raad (Loss of eiliated. eelLst dfiasasrtadrilniauuiln.rtrtrtadfirteg
trlJ{CI?il1flnu do dn ri r r fr a { ffu o r q q s ri a't fi r fi o ru s r f .r dn't ffuo n r rnfi a q r n
ltt
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r rur rsfiTn fr u"( ila on qndn : rffufi rt e
Trnr,tnaonttn r Au r {of .r ( Chronic Bronchit is )
(Enphysena) t ilzsfin mfiarnnfis zsSz: 117 )
3. ltErfretqfit fioernnrtnroTnfrq r orurruur ( rschenicheart disease ) da-A r ffarfiuffndoraffrsT:ofl10 r aoaotil, asuofitt"fi rfiruffu
arir rrro r *rluilrs r nofr r sBruufir t.u t fit t ur1sfl 1Tuund r sirufilrrafirarrn
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rirs1firfio r fi.ouo{r?ru r nrsfiut f,uffauunts,r{uauuouanlts{ (carbon-
runTulradqcdr'tfi,irurucrtdffCIr?1\rfl'l?dan r doo r datfi r iiu
rrofirtqariufirfiarn.rrr.u"ofiu t uruadrrfi1u zsszg: 3? )
4. ltnuatoluflTs nrf 'lsra,lu'lr (Peptic ulcer) qsuul'Ifl
n r rfinrr r au a'i rfrauu"*fi frr t T rla a6e at:nu$ n?un rs r $r'lc a'lu'l r'oridtu zszezll)
s. aradoiolq (psychological ef f ect, ur*iircnurn*u.a"r{-tY
tr0ilil ?uu8il [ il$'lcrunn 0 {n 1 T6[1t I nluu ra {o fi'.r a ritucnrud6.rr dr ff r ru r'tufft , r. !. y u c { d y --- o_ { { {- utduraituanrufi r arl'tufiufirssiinduruilu uarfi'rf,4liit:o r iiarfrurHrianuas
f,u o 5r.uu*drdflqr fi n iu r rafiuri'i r tsudrr"iio u r l" ^
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t nr.oIn: r quurfitrd zszo-l4)T. ufinTu fi*:fiilnTrrur{u.orun'nrtufiqcdr'tfiiiornrr q'ril
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il:cntuatu''tt4. rdrn.rrru.o (crutch) ilonnu1{ausrdiluu*firdu.r^,
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drrl r:ndrtfrr fioarn t drrrfio t rafroua r r cufio dur 6arirt?ru'arnrr'tdfisil:rrnur
{ {. - {. dcd.rfrdadrUndonda o?'Iilaonu n't1ll r ffrlsra,ieraunir
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rioui.rtru tufiaofiqrdrnrrntoruuradtff tna.rraaia rod'tne zszz:38)ru9$g
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rrsufinnrtnesdr t f,uoodtJtrnruild'rfirgtun'rr*Esrira'tfilooadrrurrnrJTurlr.r.. { . ^e u t t
t t$,qonr?ilnu5{o{oanilT tfrr frrfiucnrunrsr$oirst f frodT t rraursdrudnffra d.rfiu9-^---4---=-.r--e.-.--^-"-,r--q- !,-,! s 4 '. * 4 ,9,r0{A t R8?nilurfl8na{UUT Il'l8\1081\i t Oiar-{.t t rludrUUu\tflO{Ft'l1et t ilO tnrUU99
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q5{q{ 384n {u r ua {il 1 q 1 fl o r r n i ru fr o ! o {il Ts drdun,r tff run 1 ?d1fi 1 rrudntu
^ - -"^ -P-'sr^'^^^ -nntulaoat fffideur darfro.rtudruf,touararrudnrrd'r runuavfl1Tilo{nuilruu'16li , [[ flB.tto{-(ue 1uu1\it[B1a,lils{nyld e
u'ruu? n1 { tJafiA r d alfi rltsdrdulfi n r T ru i rrrii o r fi rufiutufi 'lun 1 rfl a.ifiun r :fi tfiu
unsnlTiflrrl:n (Rosenst,ock 19?4:1)
luilsr.e{.19s8 ffanurds (Hockbaun) rduouurfiorfarfiu
uasr'lfriln'l rrjiurjr.rTo adr r o rn r :i i * r."risrruf,ilfiudrcuirsdnnluuasuqfinrrruToalffnqrdrasrfi{n raiu (Kurt
--__a--, q { { e. { a,il 1 Ofr U1 81f q ofl T Til r A { ilOe A n t n a ? ! a.,ifl lto ?.lil t d ao rudnfl1u fl a \tt
tuiln. d. leso
<avualufl15 t 5flu5 t strt'lr,I qlsc{
I
Lelrin)
.{aa+
u eriasrunnaouuu"rrdlfrfun r ra or ffu unsnnriru r't ilfruo rir ruudrna r a r ian.i r9tl ,. --"uuuuruue?1rurflo6ru4rnru" (Health Belief ModerI o.rdilronrofiugauI
ra {$uuuo.,uf,a rdaffruil:n1sisrf,.,rnHi , *r.r/*rlfinr:r aurfiar o ruona Toa/eqaA
aril't an {?lqan ? til nasn t rfioRut q n a tu.rA, f a o rirunr r" r datraianr rrdtd--,r-- t -^.-e'- ---34, --re, .l a , { {$U-t 1 l{qan ? Til au'ltl8[o\runoaUdil0af,iln1Tflunnail o { r raunnrirta{d.rfrmusvtstg'(ff*uunrwadtffqT nnrrn:vrirra{ou (Becker &' lrlainan 192s311) uas
n'', r d1.. ^
e "
fr w 11 o' n t t u fr r ud nn r u au r fi a r fi uu u ut o fiu. r fi r o ffu o d fr l R.,r si o r rJf,tt9
t I u rt q ttq'tfiudn, *, ou.om 1r r 6urh aut aidn r rf, e"rirlfirlr grqfru
zIneruffornrzfidrnrud uav 3)a?,rerrtoiTvrq6nzrrourfiafiutqoilosfiu
Frt.r&trfuilrara€atnrrT:o1fi (Becker, et ar. 19??:349t ?seerlrta99a s $ r-t I g
n a sunaafruqc r fr o du'tdaoud o s orf, a I tn,lI
$avn ?'lr, trur r fiulrllunr tloaT affua{fiililc{auarail:sntz rdu finrrusnorf,seru T$ustril rlrsdlnrrnla
{ ,e, 4 ). e I
t nsrfrilQrrru t ililra eterilSqt'Iru r firlq r n'arfiut:n uasnrtfnll'rr,s1u.ta
r fiuffu toad{ls{s r raairflqrrillfirJnoa r franrriu{ ( percept ion )q!D
fierur'trJ, fl*r,..u r darudco
1u:c as u zfl uuuut.f uq ? 1il r #afr ruaanrudir ofiuo. r darirur awqA-
n ?ril aurfrsna sunnatun rtfla.lfruTtn f o*u'i.u r.re.$'lqci aorrl f, r darfrttang,uu a sR'l ?s, ta {0i a n 1 z t fi oT tn r f, uils 6 stfi troe a n s r lfi s rJ zcl s grfu o s n,r rou n
uas
f Copyright by Mahidol University
t 20
. .- sa {.- g-6[rR 1lrru A s ilAilo AUo 1 iln 1t[UsU1 n'( O ? U (Becker, et al. 1974:206 |L977'.
zg, Tt r aud6afluasoils t f,uuooanriou:n*riruiluBarua.l'rru r dafirudrRrunr
'tffto gdr r a rflsia ff ruinfr.r nH, i.u ",
*u. fi , offe a r da'lffoBur a flrgra r n'l {n 1 5
drsr:rurdr tfisar rfirUil?unr z52B:25 ilr.sqrn Rosenstock t9T4zt,.{t{{.--v{
329 ) unsfla1??'lilonaqsil$rfleinT?ilfialn r ala{qrnn''rT r ilulTo qcoo{$ntril4 t ( {{ r Q e
r doirnur ilure nafr r iilassionrz r iluTznfiuq
4a.oalq$ T{ uac tiaran ts nilsi a n 1 Td1 r \r ilTn il:c dr iu
uffrfi a'rrr rnaon 1'rruxuu ?\r ! o\rrznfr r fi offuiff
t-ut fia r fioTzefiuTrncsillqrrilzutuasfl 1rilAfistnu rdaradn r *a.t
'tdn r rfr arld: rnnt rffT utng
q1nfl1r r fiuT:nqs'tfiarao' dadraaotan.td'lun1r r fiur:n raioffr r iiut:n
I inar rdu eirttiT a nrrrdcnln o?1ilr6lrlre e?1ila18 rf,ufru
e" rfiutfii1 T: r dudfianuasnruc'l6lffuuuualuerx.tn r dafirutrnnru
firoafiffrurlrita nrriu{eia'tanrdrda.,,rtion'r:rf,ur:n n,rrfu{dan?'lilruur{ratrtn n'rtfu!fi .rrJtcTaddra rnrr?nrluacAildrrnna{fl 'l rrJififi qu r rirfiu
siourrilorno{u^"i*r (Beckern et "r. rJrs ,rsrzl T.rrdlfrrlrsurn{'u-{{e-v-y.t
uilun? 1lt I r oo'tudrnrudn Te s t fi uffeurIzfr ruilrudrn runsfirurl:druflq {a irH{ 4, q o au q .-uqg da afl {f, nu1-r,fi t fl ofl 'l TUailo fl u0fl r datflrirur aua6nttue r rr irufi alun r:ila.rfiuT:sruasinrrdraulfrBnosloorafirlil 6tudo.rtuualunfifi z
?
? Copyright by Mahidol University
i2I
rl l, ! "Itrtilttlil z 'ulmut{unrrfr rilafrrudnn'lun rfiolfiriT urnursaiillEuqfrnr:rnrr$drul'anerilrlra
rlrJ{..1 p.q.{fl'l'urrarn138efl1ilfl1uusl|1 rlll8t'tl fflnnrrrnlliltxtIa
raglfrnrrrlirdailimnrr(Readiness to underta'ke
reconmended eonpl iance
behaviors)l ,
t
(llodifying Factor)
a'l{1'ltt Becker & tlainan 19?5:20
(Coupliance Behavior)
+
il
- nlluil1{ta rfrarnldrnrnrlfirtl
Dl-
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n?1ilT?Iil0ql'^..
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11Il|'18
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. ilrrfinfrp1*[arn1:inr1( rtfl fi 're 1 1rI irr.r?cuuniilinrt,
ir'n, :inrr Tonrdfirsn r i.ri,I
fi18[1n11nTtR) Copyright by Mahidol University
t z2
tuuuuu aruo ?'l u r d o fi rua nn rvrfi , u" * r, {1 fr rt 5urt :^.ru ff rfiurfffi ffr;r919r
'3 rhlrs s n dtff fi ln auuo n aua s, fl 'l t r 6:L:l r aluT :n n r s"l fiuo d r o o**ra. ufiq99
il:vnouffreilsiadrfrrU S il:sntt (Becker L974:409-4l4iBecker L975:
13-20 )
1. nT ttu{fi.rTanrdtdaoda"..lriurleauttargliul4(Perceived susceptibilitY)
d { d c | _,__r{u€ tr ilua ?'lu r tr aa {ilruaTqant{dan r:rldii6o ruri,luusti.lo,lil
rnnrufislun'rrvilnfirasrR1?srturlrs nr1il,dtflo"otnstr{oonlrJluudasI
{ . -rd- -- {-ilnoa il1\iourroiT utu'trififanrd,*aonrn'ltrfiotto.iT an'ir6du fi.rfiuryn na9ql 9
, 8- d { a .sg3---.{-ff-r ua 1us.lr{a fl I a I {n'l : r ilul rolo an r trliiifr nu t fr o ila s fiuu nv fnrr drn'lulluI
-{|oIf.eL.rsrdufruonsi'rsfl'u ( T{fl'tust dzduttt 2530:26)
lun t t s s o \tgryllr l 6urh a& ---- s- .
r il a 10 ?lJfl 112US dBl:n a ti t..r UTIUOU
ufirqsdrulrflTofl'l??u?fi.rronrdrds.rnaot'ltt r 6urhsr6 3 6ru do
(Becker Lgl4?83,
{ il' aA I
1.1 n?1il[flOnilnAn1T?U?qA t5n lUtrafifio1n"lrufifl
utalutradfio..u r dofiar
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t
a
f; ', rat'an.rnffr r fiuf;rru:.ufi t n afr o rn r :u rri ou
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fl 'r r r irLrleaff r an..r dut
t
luuuruaruoI 1r r il afi rudnn'ruI
--t{arq-g4q-t"r-to fl a ?'lilqq 8il [ ilililc q anila ?'ltl
drfrrururnn'irilqirdur f,anurdru ( Hochbaun
*
il 1n1u?'l Idrilr ia r stquwndra€aifi n T tiilsfi aT:n
ludrudnnruo tsss'lria or Tltun r tifisilafiu{ t d r 3- I
[ 6[a{ilo{gruaanxl}r I quil?Buuuo r riou'trj94. r It.z n'tTo'loesturot6ilragionrttdonr'tru:uu5$no{Tragl
1958 z I-2Bl naiae'irn15ffil.aq-q-1,
uasil flnflun6[{fl 11ilcq I0u6lIisi aT o n rd, *u oui, n. s r fiut :nfru r iiuilq {addr ffzuCopyright by Mahidol University
7.3I
t
dqrei.rarntfrqnoa r fr on r:rIfiilfi nu r dacnnru99
.r $ Au 4$fl '116fl 11?s fl t iluq 1uluil'1fl
uu i r n T rtu ifi .rT o n r d r ia.-r ei o n r : r fi o1tn fr un r tjiiifi $uo r il fi ruusdr r a r r i'rrafirdfie,rrrfirufiudluntturn (Heinzelnan 1966;EIIing,et a1.1962
frr.rtu Becker tsrl: 410 ; Har ral tslzz rBT -t4z) frrirufiaaduu'irfi
nrrilf,ilfrudlunronr (d+d ronrail?ind zsst:s9;cordis,et al. 196es
205-216; St i 1lnan ,J, z LZL-I22 ; Langl ie LllTT zZ44)
srnn,rrdnrrii'suarurrEo rlo t oa{tstff*rrt'ir lnoadfinr:fu{ronra, d,oo,onrr rn'o1toor,fiu*..rudrdrurarnrrfianjT ud ToalfinrrHirufi olun r trliiiBsru r da ila sfiuTtnunerdt r d?rdrnru fi .rfiun r r iuiri oTan'rd
r-..t!!
, doonronrt t fioTtoi.r r iiuflqion*d.frrg'tunr:rirurauqn'nrrr n'rrr]frfifinurd.
flo.rfiuinrrl:nnarunnn (Beckern et ar. 19? zz20l-2o6iLgr 4: zos-216;L977:354-355)
2..ur-
n ITTUTn {n't'lu tuu it n a tTtn (Perceived severity)
luuuuuaruellurdaffrucnnrurfitfiSunrraailffuir ufirnnn99qsnrsufinfrsTonrd, da{0irn.r r froorru r 6lrhauff.6".u fiA.rrd, fiun.t
"t--_.-!_ !a..-.y A q I { r e .r 4I t{8 {lrJ0nqvfl Tustu-(t4 t fl o!t6lCIfl Ttruttruna1un1T5flB'l unnaqcgtasruntrru r dotd,.{o8"t{rlirer.lilrilrlrsfrtdosulrwaflrsrnun?uur{oarl{n'la in'lq f,r.rfiuonrutuarotouoir Rtrrudtrutznlunr:d'l{'ru uasunu,tnnrsffinrnorrnrdra i.rqs
-Audt)t iluut'rdfiuauu?fifiuqfint:ru*rrufialunr:Tflr'l r iofru ( Becker Lsl 4?B4l
q
qg a
1'rn T'18 {'tufl'l T?s 8Ha18qilu$tu?1 n r t Tl{fi .r e ? 1il Tuu ?.r n a tTrniin r r ruffruott-ffudnrturnfiluqst'nttildsnluourfra (HRB=health related, behavior)
rdu n r tfinur r fi a r fi uT ro't ilu Tolrarfir,rl'i T n'r r iu{ r fi a r filo r ril ruu r { r 0 {!! I'
Ttq fi o r r Hf,rufiuda d r sru rn frun r rrr'r frunfi frufruT ro (Cunnings, otaI- 1979:639-649;Rundo1l & Uheeler 1929:19L-2OOt frerf,a(Mikhail 1981:691 lffneiT rfr.rnrrdnr,rna{rHn,nufr (Kegetesr tuilftd. 1963 uasnr:finrrnooofido^""*" (Tash, et al ) luilest. 1969 r,ru.ir
t$n l T ru?Er { Ft ?'lrJ ?uu r { B a sT t oili e r r ru ff rufiudn'r s u r n fi un r ril ,r
sr r ? s r d afl a,r fiu9tti} ilrgurdrnrruf,u ( Kegeles 1963; Tash, et al. tgog cite in lrikhail
Copyright by Mahidol University
a
t
24
tl1981369)'tifurdarruu (Heinzelmann 1962:73-81) ftrj'(f irffileadfu
fiir'rff:urfinsnrrrlruur\r qslfinrrrirrusotunr:fiurtt"ri1us'lriuil?"fir.{ rr o - C - t*tr$ailasfluTzorurnru driuaunvorus (Charney,et, aI.1967:188-195)
rl s .t'lu'i 1 r r to T dfi n r r f l {fi ',r n r 1 il tun r { r o sT r n1fi n r rru d r ru fr o1un r :'[r1a rustz6t= uanqrniltuafiunasnruv (Nelson, et al. 1978:9031 ffstduoatn
nrzfinpr'3i'ir ff rt r e *fi n r r Tu fffi .r o r 1il rur ? { fl o $R'l ? s n 1 r u 6uTa fi q d,,r'tfi!trluq!tr
er r r rt'i rrt fr o t un r r n r u n ru n r r ru ffuT a fi n't fr dn'i r ffrl e s fi 't d iu {fi .r e r 1 }r ruu r { r o rttulut
R1 rsn,l 1il6uTafr nd.r q" r fiutfi i rqrnn r ti ia6.rnd r r ilr.rfiun'n r ratdoonfi a.r
fiu fi.,rrrurfii -duA.rdr.r*'rfin rrrirrufi alunr:inrrq" r fluneirudilnT rffl!fi sn r rru ruu rs n o rTrsilHan :snud a i'r sn'r auaeilnil1nnrsfi snuo r.lru urn..if,ff.rfinr:finnrfitriaooefra.rduilir ffrleadrfitrunrrTnrr,fl*r"r" r ?a1u'lu1
qsr{sofl 1 ?rlififr n'riliruusri'l rrufi on.lSuilrcnrua r r il af;Rnau. ofir. ilin T :ffrr
#fi .,r n r T u ruu r s r a tT r n non r r u fi rufiudfi ln a r u * r ru fi a't r*n . l *nr r a ri r .rr d fi fi a
drfirunr.rafiB (dR1$, tuufir zdzl: zs3fios1 nT afiufi zF293B1) uaut.
nr:ilnrrnr.ruruJttrfi (Andeoli 1981 zBZTI ul'irn?,trlrdadruesnrq,
r a s ff il r s fl ffo r r u i r u fi ar d fi o r r H n o n 0i'r .r fiufr .r r ufr r un r r ff u {fi rT o n r d r d s o si a
ntrsuntnffau e?1sr?uur.rdasT:n uasilrsTadfira.rnr:ti*. udr6rdua{r,t
o'r q fi ilq isfi r ui q1 q?.rfi ar n si a n r :fi oiul qtfi n r T H * a rfi a r o s ff rl r s s 1 n n r :frnyl
{, I u qner,tuillvru?'l e?1ilfl41 nrrrurCInfitra rl:sdrnT{o.onirrfiut:o uasur\iq.ttqtfifin r tir{nr ril Tu$ ? {r a sTrnurnu{ofio s q*ai{araei oo r rt { rruruoo'lu
nr:rjifiBquqrrunrtTnrruasriruusrir ( Becker L.gT 42,4tZ; 19?S: 1E ) 6sfiu
n T t 6l To e'l u ruu I { n a .rT rni s fi sr r r ru f, lfi ud fi ue r r u * erdi a1un r ril a.r iluff nrrstdnn r ruu a s dr r r r n d ru r au qfi n r :ru o r r I i atno o lun r r ff np 1 s a { fi rl r g't fi
3. nr:iuifr..rrlr"T"rrinaonrri(Perceived benefits and costs)
qrnnrrfinvriiafie.i'lurrudo.rtfr rfiu'ir rl:sdrduqslfinrrru* eru fi alun'r rrJififi 0 r st Fir uusxir ffr r rT frorru r da'irnT srtififiqu,luc"fi
t
*rJrlrinfrnrulunrzflosfi'u n-rrduffu utanrrffnrrTrs
Is s g Y$6l{uufl15TltTfl{Copyright by Mahidol University
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rJrvTa drlraiartrv RnBfl 1u fl a {fl 1 r ffnu'r
aflo1ila1flT:rr'tfr (Mikhail 1981:81)'lt-.q.-rsr4'r'r {o ?'lil [ s atuil:sininrwt o tn I T ?fln'l
r ff rt q1u+i ruuvriru n y oildr rnsi 1 { "l fiiln ? 1l.t'iart fi o'!un r r ?nrr
t
t
o r r ru duTafi sr d.r't d fi o a T u ffrufiudfilo r ru ir I fi atun r t f,nrr r dufiuI
-.-don1T 5ui t fr a rfrun llildu r rld o.rra5o orJd:zooi r.r1l[t
vrqfin:trudnR'lvfrosfrrlra d'o.rfrnrrdsdurfrruuruffurf.ur c1nn1rr,)rylrl't$9
:ratruiiarrir{t Toafinrfla (Mikhail 1981:?ol drilrf irnrrasnulu! e ' o u.-
q q
o runr t5ntr'tt{a'lu1nr a.rffrlrsfrfio a unoffrffrleafi{auoflafro silrydlfiuo rrrugtI
a'ln6irurn s r ril.tsidco rnra6o'tdilaio* r ilo drurafifinqvrtififiwqfin rrrudrRrwI
odr.-r'1il t rautsdru orr*r'f riirruruoo'lunr:ffnrrruul6'r dtalurrsfiff.rf ilurilqfi.r
al n d n o t fr o ri r uuo l un r t rJ ifr sr-ff e rn { ol ur r s dfr u r r au n r rr$, nia r fiuar a ff r t r d s .r
fl a { s rra € o n r t ?fl 81 u'r'r o ri T .r u a :rtur r a n4r fr fuu arun r : fnprw u a u'r ^
dri o u. nc
uay"tfl t ?a1u'ru dtrj'tf i rnrtffu{ r do rfildo r r,rairf,riorufizunsi oo rrr {rrfia'tut!D
n1??nu1 fitnrrfinp'lno{ r no{ r saua"f,r{n (Tirre} } & Hart 1980:
t
dAA.il0n5'$a00
i..rrir't rlaisrq 6 n r : u dq cf r s a on ll v
ttfrnurn r r u f,rufiudtiln 1 { il? n
rltsTedtlsa.rnrmjifias|u or"lsl
(Backer,
et aL.I974:205;1975316) uavq1nfl1:finrrrotdlnn (Kegeles 1969:t
10-115 cite in Becker & lrlainan 1975316) fifinrrfrsilqis*rilro.lnT tfiriru*rrutuTrJtun?il60nro\rrusL{srlrnruoqn ul'irfrufr.rf,rrififintuairu
lurtir {fi s rJtvT s rdtrrfl 1 rfl 1 n m q r da ffura. u" I tou. nu uqniu" v sy Liu u rn ?o
qsdr'tilei'n r rua.n rfirrodo'aooErfi a tfiun T tfinrr n a rn o^i ru ( Hal lal 198 2 :
140 ) dsr.,'i rn r:iutfi.rrltsrTadrlna {rfl 1rn ? ?s r frrutfir aou r a'.$a dr.rdli'r r druo
firiaufirufiuffiunarru*iufirrrrn.rinrr uasrnr:dnn'lro{ iloar n,rafiur{
(zszrBz\ uil'iT ffrlrsI:erfittqtro t aoaodilf,irn'rrfiflD.t r fiuRou'rl:rruJri.ttfiorTlt.irnfio'tunrrffnrrd arir.r'trfrnrufiuror.oo.udrfiara'lunrtau do
qrnnr:dnu1!0{$?.0$sail nrrirUTrU (2526: 116 I ruuirnrrilHfi.rrJrstadilqs
- r4a q u tlv I { _
fl a {fl 1 55flr1'lil}la?leldrurrturnuo t tu trruil a1un r tiltl:s;ntuar fl 1Til'lor?q
.r trffrfirm r atu r fr oo un vfl 1 rsr rue nfi'rrafin r a rffde a r il1ux'luq9c
uasnt:finrrnordRru 1tufir (ZszB:1o8) uui "rn rr Tutruff T uf, r a sffrlr s
490 ) vrli rn r:Tutfi..r arJattolun r:il$fi6rrufier rufirufiudvrr rarLfiuo'lru irufio!t Copyright by Mahidol University
it z6
rariderr\l'f lt ? 1Af fr rin 1 5 5ili A ild1 Tn
llt llt I
dril'tf irnr:Trr{fi.rlunrroori'rfi{fi'rs uasfinrr nrdfiur{ (zlzs?2s)
llt<lI'luasn'lTaQn,l'Iil [ 0 T8q
fi n r trflrufrudfirh rufr alun r r
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ilio'lun rtn runrdrrafinfla {iloruasnr rrirunril,tor?qorufio w?{!f soru n'lrttt
iruTru (2r.26:11o1 uuiru:{q{lqdruarnrrpfie'frJfinrrrufrrtfiudnr..ruenfrugt
nr:fuilrsn.tus r ari 1 sdrir r dru a usi aran r rdnrrtisfirrido a n ff o s fi'nn r :frnrrdnrirruffr f ffuri nr:ilnrrno.rfin r ao{uaoo*r (ililler, et al. 1984 zzrold : r a'r ru't T'i'r s, e r u ff s? q dq slfrn r T u,i r ru fi a1un r : f nrr r a s ffd r u n*fi n ff r u, fr ,fi rtqq r a nrur a ritult{ua 1a 1a "tdfrn e ruf,rfiuffrun r r sodrurad n r zfuilrsnru
tunr:rjifiBnufioaqrlfisr'lil*rrufi atunrttnrrd r flufiu2.
rJ z s T s driu n s ri r 1 f i r f, $ a o a c u o rJ d : : n ei r .,r "lI
6nprua sn r r rudru'r rntff riru, afi svrq6n r rru'tfi n r rn *eruilt o1un r : 6nr*r't fr
4. urrqttr
urtqs'lq'tffuri urtq.rtqfrrudnRtu (Health l,[ot ivation)tu1iltI
il.rraursfr{er1iluaflsi't.sna.sortufirataqrrru{finfinfiofionnrrffr, rosAt r {rv . - i, d - 3
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o rfru run:fidunsafinrrrufrosnlrnqtanrdrtuooroor:rfio1981s 70 ) I rlr Iltnuttqt'tqfirudrnruqsiteiruqrfinfiuirrufiuilqiafirunrrTuteirsr lficin
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narn*ufialunrtinrr T:nrdudfion (Rosenstocklg?S z4ol-4o3t ul,i,r
nrr1finrril ? r fr arfruTrnnrrfiunn rmrudrJz -ttlu .
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5. ilc{a'ieuu""do r ila nirue a
tl{odifying and Enabling factors)
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uonqrnflqisfr{ 4 ilrsnrr flsffeuusirfiuffuo.udrdu.
ilasfilnrtiu{ uasdtaraToaotz{eionrrudoruqfin::ru rdoflo.,rfiufnrr{raruufrr flq{a*rild1{t 'tfruri il:sdrnr Tnr.rd{r.r fiounfi rlifirufiud uas
n r tdfiudrluludrud r or ?n r fl uff r u rttnr.mqfi n : truf, s nHfi r fufi s dr 6rgde o d.rua
'tfruri
rqrle.Ua a$qafl 5 Tilfl 1 Tila { fl u7nu1 6ffl R'llrto 2 I qrnn rrfinrT if, aruuiT firurJrfilfirunlu
nrrrirura nrrr*rtiio'lunrrflo.sfiuinprdln'ru'tfiadrrdrir r duat
ffeurlrffruilrcdrnr rdu o'tr tsfitnr:dnsr srilu :ra1d dnrunrudrurd
uasg'lusnt.rfi.rntitnrrufirufiuffiunrrru*rrufialunrrinrrffrha (Becker &tl
Mainan 19803113-131) unsfi'ruiltnrtfrruf,toru rriu rdauuardtr?n'fu4{-{.f-qrr{^s.nraua r ? t iluilqs snilanr$na0orrui rufratun r rflo sfiuuas fnrr ( Becker
& Mainan 19?5;11-1G) A:rfif iruuilua,ua?rrurdaff.udnnru*f,oouuu"rrd!,4.loet^{2 0 n ? 1 et [ fi 0t4 T fl n'l T TlJ T 3 a { iln o a'tu t t o { n a {6f !fl 'lrrl
s .''uqd n r rru au'r fr a r o'a fl o.r fiuT r n n o r ler oa't ff
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d;-Jo--,)eer qurlr 4"1fr uqn'n : zu dfifrffu uu'i rdrru r rntfln r rru r doffrurnnrur rrirul B uas!u9v
', iltrynd r fuqi.rtff e'on r tr]ififro rrlciruusriruasnr rinrrr otuoniFtuu'.g
nlTa?ileilo'lt41T nrt'lils'r u""ufifigrruuua?,tsrrdacnnrudsrilunor-nrrrufit99'v8- - d t dna'l?ll,lun?u-(un'l{il?fl (Becker, of al.1975:16) dtnrdauaynoil
(Kasl & Cobb 1966 z246-2491 1ffri,rulil$atuFt?.lru Udoff.ruAnnrw'frjrlrvans{99
lflrlrL'i r uanq'1fliudrrur tnrirur anqfrnrrruourfra'1ffuff'l fr.rfrarnoion rrffoiulei .suq 4ns cu0ustCIu I rt o o dlunr r r r 6lrle s dnfre a 6'{ r'r g { run r tdnurit'asi of rJfi
tI
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I Copyright by Mahidol University
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firoo{fiuuosrtnrv (Pederson L.Linda, et aI.1984:573-bI0 ) tffrirn'r rBnrrfi ruuuuariln ?'lu r dofrT ucrn r$frilq r rr drruuoalun r rrJdfffi
0'lile1uvu1uiln8-aun13tan5fililut? ,| c
3oB nu lru'ir uiluur,f un'1.ru r dofiT rrdnnrunonrrrufirufrudfiunrruifi6nT rusirI
uuvri'r s o.r nun i'tun'', r r fi n duuu *u a s d'r ru r : n1 flu uuu r^r ua tl n r d o ff rudnn rll9tt
drurenr: l6nnrrura*tfi s-G rdouufi{qrn'rfiTreiruulrdr99
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(rndirect risk Preventice Healt,h Behaviorsl rtu nrtTotfiruffe
silyfru:n nrzaanrirfi.,rnra nrtu?Tnsa.tu'lr nr:1il4r nr:'tiluufiuqu*nd{ q u.s -e a a u.e { Y {r$aqrrq$m nrr'trlTrnfi6ufiuTro nrtliliun1?or?i[ila{qurunfiurarTro
|!9re{tle,-.-esrl{"1 wqCInrriln"l\tsrt\tfrilo sfr'u1tsr'lfr ( Direct i istr Preventive
Health Behaviors) rdu n'lrfiilTn fl1tta'uouu nrsdilufid aurfradrutl
ilnnato I d 1 n.'l rAfl ts1 uuudr : r c ff ourafi'.r nrinfi r o ri r s r fiuffnoa r gff {u d 1 I ilssu9rllt
.-.{qa,tq.s'trjfrriiatrdntura.rrafis druau 383 Ftu r{an'l?Anrrwu'ir nrriuifi.rrlrcg
Tgdfinosnrtrjififi unsfl 1t ;il{frs arJat:a r a {n1 tilfiffi frnr rrufltfruf ilr{vs
$ q a fl ? Til n 1 { o o il u n s$ q 6 n I r il n'r s o r {fi fl a.r fiuT r sr't fr
a.tddtt iutdun I q Jsuautunn (Giannett i J-Vincent, et al.
1 e 8 s z z 4 t- z 4il'tfft r o r r "r{fi
silqia?.run n ei r sfiursra'i r s fralura*un" frd r fi n1S9 I I
*rtura*luffrlesTrnfirlqunsuaoorfiaadariluTrtuarura uu'ir nrrflifi.r$tru99
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'lrtuatna{unsnfuc (t{einberger, et aI. 198131253:Aho
cite in Janz .and. Becker 1984:8) tdfinrra-sqrlilrdoffT uannrufiut
strs95^ruqantrilfl't:duuui uru'irnrtilifrttanrg t da.rei on rr r fioTrn n'rtfufffr.rnts1l|
Tnnn a sn r sauura* ilo r rerf,ufiudfiulrqd n ? riln 1 r r incuun*lltMlI
t Copyright by Mahidol University
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3-cq--i{ut4euofl s 1 nud { s.r n 1 Tstnrl is I n I n I ? n 0 { fl llo ? 1 st I d a 0 1udnfl 'lltu a u
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Eru t o t o i r'rfifi adr6runr safifi udn'r rdnur r du r d s rfiuflnfi uuui rnruuun 1 r6u
ifr 'rTon rd t ta.rsi oa T t r fi oilc r f s r fi T untifi o r rruf,rufiu#fiuerr rr i rufi o1un'l rotrqtfirurufiranur o{ roa 1 1u 4 zotndrufieadT .,rile rrurtoffrucrn.rlro'-te12,3nT?q l01U$O'tgOU t 0{ I Uillll\tO?{ [ n1ilU
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u81u1a s uds fit:rf rlttsl\tflOrnffrunsrril:uarura .iruru Lz6 rru uu'irI'{e.-Duct^-
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urrrufio rracn.tTa?uErrfirnfinno.rffrlra r il.1r4?1u unsqlD
dnru luufir (zszll frnrrolruflrufiud:ou.i.rror.ru, f afiruI
dsnrufiuErrrt*rrufio1un r:?nrr n a sfirlr aTrne r ril6uTafisrdt uru,ir nr rfiu9sgl
ffr'rnr rru1uu t s n a tTraunsfl'lrfflffr.rrLtstsf dua"cirtffi ral o,rffrle ero r rrufiuluq$91
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nrtila sfrur rn fi {ssn6i rrfi.rd arlf,
a r r u ilufrud rcr$'i r { ileiadut rufirn r : rlififi nu r do r caulu*
c rnnr rfinr*riiaua r sn'lu url,i'r ffruu:drfiaralunrrdrursfi.r.Au-{a--!. 1
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nr:iutj:snruard:aIdo' rdu o.dilraoo uasffilrad{a,rafinssraa.rfiura?o
ji 'tridulqnut os ?o.o riiuf,ruurdrir'tfrrre orrrirrr.roatunrrinrT rdrioan#.ttusilriaannfra.rfiunrrfinurra.rdfiruruT rursind (zssz.l duuir orqeirsfiu
,ta a ri r lfi n r : rJififi n u r d a il a s fi un r uT : n n a gail.r a r dufi r drd r .r fi u a d r .r r il fi fi a
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uvrndun" r {rrafi rilrq a6iru: ru *eu.,r ruiir*, d u', il".r fi rn r rrlfifiBeru, d, oor
auuH*fiufi'rrrifiiltofiner fiiisi.rautqilqcdrfirurJt6'rua.otoa'ls r fiuflqiag9!I!89
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, uu'i riln eru ffufiudfiun r rru drHfi o'tun r r inyr( rril?n fiunonierrl zsz4z9?;Blackwel1
al 1980.227-28O) uasrn?rstd{ertiiotu
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L-z zvlrvr2altunlrilnnuasrratfirodadsrdau. s,tn
n'rrt?rJT?il514{1un'rrfrnrri6sro\rroid (Davis) Ifrd'r.rfrsr.'ls\i1un1T
ilnprrorsrourlunr"*r (cobb, et ar. ) fiutrir fidtoraunriigru"nr.rI
r dtran'q ff.roilsirfrnqs'tritfio r ru irrufi a'tun rt inur ffrn r tdnr,t! a { r undua tr ardsa (Bates and. Ariel) do,r'irfrdn'nrrilnp'rfiasfrnqs"tri{rrufiolunrz
Tnrr (cite in Davis 1968 zzzq-l,ry uafl1'lnfrfioruu'i.rcdunrrfinrr
fiu5 ruvnr.r fr ru r rtrrnfi efiufrn r r nfirfiudfru| { -i.o .-yv s .a
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nrril{srn r {rrofirdlinT rdrnr$erfioafrrs lufrrunrrrJififiou r daso4uqu*
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n r :frnr rt utv 6'usi'l u a s't d ei a ss c r o r1 qt de{ a drn'lu
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a'nBuadon'rtrtfrfifiortrf ruuvriroirsrurn r ue I eo{uac'(iluilu ( Becker tr
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rl:v.iril u.nu.nffff {uilr'ls { 1ui{sci r {rd, du. ff. ofi'uflqisnr.rff ssrlr.i r r dru
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fi e u I rdeu r r n rirur an r :r|fififi ,r,, d, o., t c duura*
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n'lr1{* ? d r f,r rtrc findruf,lfiuduro*o uufruu ou tvu'i r t f, r ri'rur rfiu..6 { i"
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Overall F (3,158)=9.23,p(.001
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KaLs Lsro:367t fruu'iru:{q{lqfirudnnrvriier,lilfrerfiudfiun.tu.ntrqf,u
u:rqrlq r rjiau t dfroufirarfinfiu'trir fionr:rlififiou t daflo.:fiuT:era1iluod d r v . u 4.
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uuutofiu qrffo 'rffufi'uu rsq s'lq1fiudn t ads sq tnq? 1il r SlrJr a
et al Lg77:349 )
f Copyright by Mahidol University
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* Copyright by Mahidol University
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I
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* Copyright by Mahidol University
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