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NURSING AS A PROFESSION LICENSE AND THE LICENSING BOARD LAWS GOVERNING THE NURSING PRACTICE LEGAL ASPECTS IN NURSING NURSING ETHICS MORAL RESPONSIBILITIES CONTINUING PROGRAM EDUCATIONNURSING AS A PROFESSION1. It is the branch of law, which deals with the nursing laws, lawsuits, liability, legal principles, rules and regulations, case laws and doctrines affecting the nursing practice.

a. Nursing ethicsb. Nursing legislationc. Medical ethicsd. Nursing jurisprudence2. Which of the following statements is the most important characteristic of professional nursing:

a. Provides a human resourceb. Demonstrates self controlc. Observes ethical practiced. Is community oriented3. What nursing is and ought to be is embodied in:

a. Mission statementsb. Code of Ethicsc. Philosophy of Nursingd. Standard Nursing Practice4. Nursing is best defined as a profession that:

a. Assist people toward self-careb. Help people to do activities that contribute to health recovery or peaceful deathc. Is concerned with nursing diagnosis and treatmentd. Care for people, sick or well in any health setting5. Benners Proficient nurse level is different from the other levels in nursing expertise in the context having:

a. Intuitive and analytic ability in new situations

b. The ability to organize and plan activities

c. Having attained an advanced level of education

d. A holistic understanding and perception of the client6. Which of the following is consistent regarding the establishment of the Philippine Nurses Association?

1. The first president was Mrs. Anastacia Tupas2. The first president was Mrs. Rosario Delgado

3. Organized on1922

4. Organized on 1926

a. 1 only

b. 1 and 3

c. 1 and 4

d. 2 and 3

7. The PNA code of ethics is characterized by the following EXCEPT:

a. it emphasized the dependent role of the nurse

b. it provides more realistic guide to expected practice

c. it can be used as a guidelines for professional conduct in a malpractice suit

d. it embodies rules or standards governing the conduct of members of its profession

8. An association of nurses composed of nursing service administrators in both government and private hospitals.

a. Philippine Nurses Association (PNA)b. Association of Deans and Principals of Colleges of Nursing (ADPCN)c. National League of Nurses (NLN)d. Association of Nursing Service Administrators of the Philippines (ANSAP)9. The nursing roadmap is a program of transformation of the nursing profession. The vision of nursing roadmap is for the Philippines to be the lead in promoting professional nursing in the Asia Pacific Region by the year:

a. 2020

b. 2030c. 2040d. 2050

10. The educational qualification of a nurse to become a supervisor in a hospital is:

a. At least 2 years experience as a headnurseb. BSN with at least 9 units of post graduate studies in nursing administrationc. At least 18 units of post graduate studies in nursing administrationd. Master of Arts in Nursing major in administrationLICENSE AND THE LICENSING BOARD

11. The following are the qualifications of the members of the Board of Nursing (BON) under Republic Act 9173, except:

a. Must be a natural born citizen and resident of the Philippinesb. Must be a registered nurse and a holder of Masters degree in nursing, education or other allied medical profession conferred by a college or university duly recognized by the governmentc. Must have five years of continuous practice of the profession prior to appointmentd. Must be a member of good standing of the accredited professional organization of nurses12. Which statement is true about the power of the Board of Nursing (BON) to revoke a certificate of license?

a. After a period of four years, a revoked license may be re-appliedb. A revoked license may be reapplied after two yearsc. When the BON revoked a license, it is already absolute and finald. A revoked license may be re-applied after three years13. When the member of the Board of Nursing studied and reviewed the provisions of RA 7164 and subsequently adopted the implementing guidelines, it was an exercise of their power called:

a. quasi-judicial

b. discretionary

c. quasi-legislative

d. ministerial

14. A professional license is a legal document necessary for the practice of a profession. It is best described as:

1. a proof of expertise in the delivery of health care to people

2. an evidence that one has the basic skill, knowledge and attitude to qualify for the practice

3. a privilege

4. a temporary right

5. a permanent right

a. only 2

b. 1 and 3

c. 1, 4, and 5

d. 2, 3, and 4

15. Which of the following is not true about examination and registration under Philippine Nursing Act of 2002?

a. An examinee that rates lower than sixty percent (60%) in a particular subject but have a general average of seventy-five percent (75%) will take the examination again for that subject but needs to get seventy-five percent (75%) for the said subjectb. An examinee who fails three times in the subject or subjects repeated, shall not be allowed to take a licensure examination unless he/she enrolls and passes the refresher course.c. To pass the local board examination for nurses in the Philippines, an examinee must obtain a general average rating of at least seventy-five percent (75%) with a rating of not below sixty percent (60%) in any subject.d. The scope of local board examination for nurses in the Philippines take in consideration the objectives of the nursing curriculum, the broad areas of nursing, and other health related disciplines and competencies.16. If a student nurse failed the exam in one set only, he or she could retake the exam

a. Within 30 months after the last failed examinationb. Within 24 months after the last failed examinationc. Within 18 months after the last failed examinationd. Within 12 months after the last failed examination17. All successful candidates of the examination shall be required ti take an oath of profession prior to entering the nursing practice. The schedule of mass oathtaking is

a. within 15 days after the official release of the results of the licensure examination.b. within 30 days after the official release of the results of the licensure examination.c. within 60 days after the official release of the results of the licensure examination.d. within 90 days after the official release of the results of the licensure examination.18. In the absence of Board of Nursing, Mandy knows who will administer the oath and this is the:

a. The top 1 in the licensure examb. APO/PNAc. The president of the Philippinesd. Authorized representative19. Which of the following conditions is not a ground for revocation or suspension of certificate of registration?

a. Malpractice or negligenceb. 3 consecutive incident reportsc. Gross incompetenced. Fraud in obtaining a certificate

20. An institution or organization that is responsible for approving the certificate to operate as a nursing school in the Philippines.

a. Philippine Nurses Association

b. Commission on Higher Education

c. Professional Regulations Commission

d. Board of Nursing

21. A nurse who would like to practice nursing in the Philippines can obtain a license to practice by:

a. Paying the examination fee before taking the board examsb. Paying the professional tax after taking the board examsc. Undergoing the interview conducted by the Board of Nursing and taking the board examsd. Passing the board exams and taking the oath of professionals22. Reciprocity of license to practice requires that the country of origin of the interested foreign nurse complies with the following conditions:

a. The Philippines is recognized by the country of origin as one that has high quality of nursing educationb. The country of origin exempts Filipinos from passing their licensure examinationc. The country of origin has similar preparation for a nurse and has laws allowing Filipino nurses to practice in their country.d. The country of origin requires Filipinos to take their own board examination23. Nurses practicing the profession in the Philippines and are employed in government hospitals are required to pay taxes such as:

a. Income tax which paid every March 15 and professional tax which is paid every January 31.b. Income tax only since they are exempt from paying professional taxc. Professional tax which is paid by all nurses employed in both government and private hospitalsd. Both income tax and professional tax24. According to RA 9173 Philippine Nursing Act of 2002, a graduate nurse who wants to take must licensure examination must comply with the following qualifications:

a. Filipino citizen or a citizen of a country where we have reciprocity; graduate of BSN from a recognized school and of good moral characterb. At least 18 years old, graduate of BSN from a recognized school and of good moral characterc. At least 18 years old, provided that when s/he passes the board exams, s/he must be at least 21 years old; SN graduate of a recognized school, and of good moral character

d. At least 21 years old, graduate of BSN from a recognized school, and of good moral character25. When the license of the nurse is revoked, it means that the nurse:

a. Will remain unable to practice professional nursingb. May apply for re-issuance of his/her license based on certain conditions stipulated in RA 9173c. Will never have her/his license re-issued since it has been revokedd. Is no longer allowed to practice the profession for the rest of her life26. A newly graduate nursing student applied at the PRC to take the Philippine Nurses Licensure Examination. To qualify she must possess the following:

1. With good health and with good moral character2. A Filipino citizen

3. Age must be 21 years old

4. Graduated from a recognized College of Nursing

a. all except 1

b. all except 3

c. 2 and 4

d. 4 only

27. The Board of Nursing can be appointed through any of the following ways, except:

a. Ad interim appointment

b. Quantum Meruit appointment

c. Hold-over appointment

d. Regular appointment

28. Hermit, a BSN graduate wishes to acquire a license. She knows that a license can be acquired through which of the following?

a. Registration by reciprocityb. Registration by a written examinationc. Registration by payment of the required feesd. Registration by temporary/special permit29. A newly registered nurse desires to obtain another license to practice intravenous therapy for his nursing profession. This is the legal basis that Registered Nurses must undergo special training on intravenous injections.

a. BON Resolution No. 08 S 1994b. BON Resolution No. 80 S 1994c. BON Resolution No. 14 S 1999d. BON Resolution No. 41 S 199930. The Commision of Higher Education cannot close down a school of nursing without:

a. A permit from the PRCb. A proper notice to the school one week before the closure of the schoolc. A recommendation from the BONd. A consultation meeting with the students of the schoolLAWS GOVERNING THE NURSING PRACTICE

31. The law is an essential component of nursing practice. The following concepts are true about laws, EXCEPT:

a. laws and ethics are closely related

b. laws govern a particular field or activity

c. laws tend to remain constant

d. laws are principles and processes that resolve disputes without resorting to physical force

32. A nurse believes that health is a fundamental right of every individual. He believes in the worth and dignity of each human being and recognizes the primary responsibility to preserve health at all costs. These statements are part of the:

a. Standards of Nursing Practiceb. Philippine Nursing Act of 2002c. Code of Good Governance for the Professionsd. Code of Ethics for Registered Nurses33. Under the new Philippine nursing law of 2002, each professional nurse must be legally accountable in all his actions, which involves proper monitoring and, recording. The legal implication of this is due to?

a. because a chart needs to be completed by handwritten words

b. if it was not written although it was performed, it is considered as not having been done at all

c. that regardless if the nurse recorded his observation or not, he shall still be accountable and liable

d. if the nurse did not document anything, he shall not be liable

34. Republic Act No. 9173, otherwise known as the Philippine Nursing Act of 2002 was implemented to define the scope of nursing practice, licensing requirements, and standards of nursing care. The Features of the Philippines Nursing Act of 2002 include the following, except:

a. The Certificate of Registration may be revoked or suspended if the nurse demonstrated unprofessional or unethical conduct.

b. A faculty in a college of nursing should have at least one (1) year of clinical practice in a field of specialization.

c. A member of the Board of Nursing should have at least ten (10) years of continuous practice of the nursing profession provided that the last five (5) years of which shall be in the Philippines.d. The Board of Nursing shall designate the places and dates of the Nursing Licensure Examination.

35. Which of the following provisions does not apply to RA 7305?

a. Encourage those qualified and with abilities to remain in government serviceb. Standardized the salaries of nurses working in the governmentc. Promotes and improves the socio-economic well-being public health workersd. Develop their skills and abilities to remain in the governmentLEGAL ASPECTS IN NURSING

36. When Nurse Raffy was about to administer the medications of Mr. Angelo, the relative of told the nurse that they buy his medicines and showed the container of medications of the Mr. Angelo. Which of the following is the most appropriate action of Nurse Raffy?

a. Bring the medications of the client to the nurses station and prepare accordingly.b. Tell the client that he will inform the physician about this.c. Put aside the medications he prepared and instead administer the clients medication.d. Hold the nurse administration of the clients medication and refer to the head nurse.37. If the nurse allows the publication of a picture of a malformed baby without the consent of the parents constitute:

a. false imprisonment

b. battery

c. invasion to right of privacy

d. defamation

38. The increased incidence of medication error is the number one problem in the unit where a nurse is assigned. During the brainstorming session of the nursing service department, probable causes were identified. Which of the following is process related?

a. Use of unofficial abbreviations

b. Failure to identify clientc. Interruptions

d. Lack of knowledge

39. Nurse Mimi gave an inaccurate dose of medication to a client. After assessment, she completes an incident report, notifies the nursing supervisor of the medication error and calls the physician to report the occurrence. Nurse Mimi understands that ana. Incident will be documented in the personnel file.b. Incident will be reported to the board of nursing.c. IR is a method of promoting quality care and risk management.d. Error will result in suspension.40. The medicine unit nurses are having their lunch at the canteen when one of them tells the group that she heard their secretary contracted the disease from her husband. The nurse violated the legal tort of a. Libelb. Negligencec. Assaultd. Slander41. An example of administrative law that affects nursing is

a. nurse practice actsb. civil rights actsc. negligence lawsd. substance abuse laws42. When a nurse is sued, the reasonable person standard asks

a. if the action was taken reasonable in the eyes of the plaintiffb. what the public considers to be reasonable actionc. what a reasonable nurse would do in similar situationd. if the institutions standards were reasonable43. In which situations may the nurse legally use restraints?

a. the client keeps asking for help to go to the bathroom and the nurse is very busyb. the critically ill client becomes violent and is removing IV lines and medical monitoringc. the client states he wants to get out of bed but the doctor has ordered bedrestd. the newly admitted client is confused as to the location of his bathroom44. If a nurse suspects a coworker is abusing chemicals, the nurse should

a. call the policeb. report the coworker to nursing administrationc. refer the coworker to a substance abuse programd. try to help the coworker45. Information in the patients chart is inadmissible in court as evidence when:

a. It has too many aberrations that are unofficialb. The clients family refuses to have it used.

c. The handwriting is not legible

d. The client objects to its use

46. Joy, age 15, got pregnant and was abandoned by her boyfriend. She visited a doctors clinic and asked the nurse if she could have an abortion. What should be the initial response of the nurse?

a. Why not think it over and then decide after careful assessment of the situation.b. What are your feelings about abortion?c. You should not feel that way.d. You seek advise from your parents.47. Because of too much workload, Nurse Andy accidentally gave 2 tablets instead of the ordered one tablet. Nurse Andy reports this to the head nurse and the physician is also notified. Nurse Andy monitors carefully the client for untoward effects that could happen. Can the client sue Nurse Andy for malpractice?

a. Yes, because foreseeability is presentb. No, because the client was not harmedc. Yes, because the nurse made an error in medicationd. No, because the nurse notified the physician right away48. he nurse restrains a patient who is of sound mind and is not in danger of injuring himself or others is said to be liable for what?

a. Invasion of Privacyb. False Imprisonmentc. Assaultd. Battery49. A surgical instrument was left in the body of the client after the appendectomy. The negligence of the act can be established under what doctrine?

a. Res Ipsa Loquitur

b. Captain of the Shipc. Good Samaritan Lawd. Respondeat Superior50. A patient is terminally ill and has asked the nurse to witness a will. Which statement is true?

a. the nurse should help the patient draw up a will

b. the nurse has a legal obligation to act as a witness to a will

c. Only lawyer or family member can act as a witness to a will. It a nurse acts as a witness the will may automatically be declared invalid

d. the nurse should make sure that the patient is of sound mind, is lucid, and understands what he or she is doing

51. During the investigation, it was decided to call the watcher to testify what she knows about the case. The watcher can be compelled to be presented in the next hearing if the investigating body issues which of the following

a. subpoena

b. subpoena duces tecum

c. injunction

d. summon

52. Who among the following cannot legally give consent to any medical or surgical treatment?

1. emancipated minor

2. a minor person

3. an unconscious or imbecile person

4. a person accused of civil interdiction

a. all except 1

b. all except 2

c. 3 and 4

d. 1, 2, 3, and 4

53. When the patient is asked to testify in court, s/he must abide by the ethical principle of:

a. Informed consentb. Autonomyc. Privileged communicationd. Solidarity54. When the doctor orders do not resuscitate, this means that

a. The patient need not be given food and water after all s/he is dyingb. The nurses and the attending physician should not do any heroic or extraordinary measures for the patientc. The patient need not be given ordinary care so that her/his dying process is hastenedd. The nurse need not give due care to the patient since s/he is terminally ill55. Nurse Neon working in a neonatal care unit is being sued. An expert witness is called. The expert witness would be

a. a neonatal intensive care nurseb. the chief of nursing in the hospitalc. a faculty member is an university school of nursingd. a physician who specializes in neonatology56. The relative of an admitted client is a physician. He asks the nurse for the clients chart. The relative is not the physician on the case. The best response for the nurse is to

a. call the supervisorb. tell the physician where the chart is but not actually give it to the physicianc. ask the client for written consent before allowing the relative to see the chartd. extend professional courtesy and let him see the chart57. Which statement is true about fraud?

a. it is oral information given to a third party that causes damage to someones reputationb. it results from a deliberate deception intended to produce unlawful gainc. it is written information given to a third party that causes damage to someones reputationd. it results from revealing confidential information without persons permission58. Which statement is not true regarding consent?

a. the client must be mentally competent to give consentb. informed consent is required for emergency life-threatening proceduresc. consent forms must be obtained for invasive proceduresd. benefits and risk of the procedure should be explained to the client by the health care provider before consent is obtained59. Which of the following conditions will establish the Doctrine of Res Ipsa Loquitor in a case sued against three nurses? Select all that apply.

1. That the injury was caused by an irresistible force, one that is unforeseen and inevitable.2. That the injury was caused by an agency within the control of the defendant.

3. That the plaintiff himself did not engage in any manner that would tend to bring about the injury.

4. That the injury was of such nature that it would not normally occur unless there was a negligent act on the part of someone.

a. all except 1

b. all except 4

c. 2 and 3 only

d. 1, 2, 3, and 4

60. Which of the following laws require a nurse to report a peer who is keeping a portion of narcotics ordered for a client?

a. Malpractice lawsb. Civil Court lawsc. Reporting lawsd. Jurisdiction laws61. These are the persons who have knowledge on the commission of the crime, without participating therein:

a. Principalsb. Vice-principalsc. Victimsd. Accessories62. After a severe injury to the back, the client is in the ambulance heading towards the emergency department. While being transported, the straps of the stretcher where the client is laid down, accidentally broke and the client fell on the floor hitting his head. In this situation, the nurse is:

a. Free from any negligence that caused harm to the patientb. Not responsible because of the doctrine of respondeat superiorc. Liable along with the employer for the use of defective equipment that harmed the clientd. Totally responsible for negligence63. When a research study involves subjects who are 16 years of age:

a. only legally declared emancipated minors may participate

b. consent is necessary only if the study poses a substantial risk to subjects

c. subjects can render their own consent

d. parental permission is necessary

NURSING ETHICS

64. Which of the following is a true statement about anonymity or confidentiality?

a. Confidentiality means that the subject has the right to determine the time and circumstances under which private information is sharedb. Confidentiality means that data obtained are known only to the researcherc. Anonymity means that the subjects identity cannot be linked, even by the researcher, to data obtainedd. Anonymity means that the researcher agrees not to link the information collected with the subject when reporting study findings65. Historically, subjects have been treated carelessly, without consideration of physical or psychological harm. This is a violation of what basic human right?

a. Right to fair treatmentb. Right of informed consentc. Right to protection from discomfort and harmd. Right of self-determination66. Which one of the following situations is an example of coercion?

a. Subject responses can be linked with their identityb. Subjects are misinformed about the purpose of the researchc. People become research subjects and are exposed treatments without being aware of itd. Subjects feel that their case will be adversely affected if they refuse to participate in a research study67. Which of the following is the best example of the ethical principle of fidelity?

a. Being a good friend to the client by sharing secrets

b. Doing whatever the physician or client wants you to do

c. Keeping a promise to return to the client at a given time

d. Saving the client money by not wasting supplies

68. Which of the following laws stating that nurses must adopt the Filipino Nurses Code of Ethics?

a. RA 7164b. RA 9173c. BON Resolution No. 220d. BON Resolution No. 1469. When a negligence case is brought against a nurse, it is necessary to prove liability. Which element is not essential for proof of liability?

a. causationb. injuryc. witnessesd. duty70. The medicine unit nurse noted that after she has rendered tepid sponge bath, the clients temperature remain unchanged. The nurse knew that if that was the case, she would have to continue doing TSB. But she still had another client to attend to, so the nurse charted instead a normal temperature reading so that she would not have to redo the TSB. Which of the following ethical principle did she violate?

a. autonomy

b. confidentiality

c. veracity

d. justice

71. Which of the following nursing professional values is the best described as acting in accordance with an appropriate code of ethics and accepted standards of practice?

a. autonomy

b. integrity

c. human dignity

d. social justice

72. Nurse Pandy learns that his co staff nurse in the unit steals medicine from one patient, substitutes it with a cheaper brand, and sells the stolen one to another patient. Nurse Pandy recognizes that there are at least two ethical principles violated with his act. They are:

a. justice and beneficence

b. non maleficence and justice

c. beneficence and veracity

d. veracity and non-maleficence

73. Which document refers specifically to the clients right for an advance directive?

a. Patients Bill of Rightsb. International Council of Nurses Code for Nursesc. American Nurses Association Code for Nursesd. Canadian Nurses Association Code of Ethics74. A 58-year-old client felt better after 5 days but recognizing the severity of his illness, he executes a document authorizing the wife to transact any form of business in his behalf in addition to all decisions relative to his confinement this document is referred to as:

a. Living will

b. Medical records

c. Power of attorneyd. Informed consent

75. While in the ICU, he executes the documents that list medical treatment he chooses to refuse in case his condition becomes severe to a point that he will be unable to make decisions for himself. This document is:

a. Power of attorney

b. Last will and testament

c. Living will

d. Informed consent

76. The National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research identified three ethical principles relevant to the conduct of research involving human subjects. These included respects for person, beneficence, and:

a. justice b. freedomc. equityd. equality77. Mrs. Pili has been confined in a semi-private room for 2 days until another client came. The new client asks the nurse what is the condition of Mrs. Pili. The nurse should

a. Advise him that all clients condition are held in confidence.b. Explain in laymans term the condition of the new client.c. Tell him to ask the new client himself.d. Ask the client what he wants to know.78. The nurse has a responsibility to perform nursing care activities based upon standards of practice. This means that:

a. practices observed by nurses ensure quality care.b. nursing action performed by the nurse is based on scientific knowledge.c. nursing activities performed by the nurse are at an acceptable level.d. minimum level of performance is accepted to ensure high quality care.79. To provide quality nursing care to various clients in any setting, the most important tool of the nurse is:

a. Observation skills for data collection

b. Possession of scientific knowledge about the client needs

c. Understanding of various nursing diagnosis

d. Critical thinking to decide appropriate nursing actions

80. What is the purpose of having a Code of Ethics for nurses?

a. To delineate the scope and areas of nursing practiceb. To identify the professional conduct expected of nursesc. To define the roles and functions of the nursed. To identify the nursing action recommended for a health care situation81. When the nurse saves a drowning victim, the nurse is upholding what ethical principle?

a. Beneficenceb. Fidelityc. Veracityd. Justice82. Which of the following is included in the patients bill of rights?

a. to send and receive mail

b. to be told the cost of services

c. to be given privacy when receiving care

d. all of the above

83. Which statement in the Code for Nurses justifies whistle blowing?

a. The nurse participates in activities that contribute to the ongoing development of the professions body of knowledgeb. the nurse assumes responsibility and accountability for individual nursing judgments and actionsc. the nurse acts to safeguard the client and the public when health care and safety are affected by the incompetent , unethical, or illegal practice of any persond. the nurse exercises informed judgment and use individual competence and qualifications as criteria in seeking consultation, accepting responsibilities, and delegating nursing activities to others84. What action by the nurse demonstrates culturally sensitive care? a. Avoids questions about male-female relationships.b. Applies knowledge of a cultural group unless a client embraces Western customs.c. Explains the differences between Western medical care and cultural folk remedies.d. Asks permission before touching a client.85. Nurse Sergio, an operating room nurse, is distressed after knowing that clients are not informed that some disposable equipment and supplies like trocars, catheters are reused on clients during minimally invasive surgeries without their knowledge. Which ethical principle of the client is violated?

a. Nonmaleficenceb. Autonomyc. Veracityd. Justice86. Every nurse is responsible for his own acts which includes all these but one:

a. Health care service only to those belonging to his race, creed, social status, etc.

b. primary, secondary and tertiary care

c. performances while on duty or off duty

d. providing first aid and emergency

87. Nurses agree to be advocates for their clients. Practice of advocacy calls for the nurse to:

a. Document all clinical changes in the medical record in a timely mannerb. Assess the clients point of view and prepare to articulate this point of viewc. Seek out the nursing supervisor in conflicting situationsd. Work to understand the law as it applies to the clients clinical condition88. If a nurse assesses a client for pain and then offers a plan to manage the pain, the principle that encourages the nurse to monitor the clients response to the plan is:

a. Respect for autonomyb. Beneficencec. Fidelityd. NonmaleficenceMORAL RESPONSIBILITIES

89. Euthanasia is an ethical dilemma, which confronts nurses in the ICU because:

a. Decisions has to be made based on societal norms

b. A clients legal right to exist with the nurses professional obligation

c. A decision has to be made quickly, often stressful conditions.

d. The choices involved do not appear to be clearly right or wrong

90. Which statement best describes the ethical theory of teleology?

a. It was postulated by Immanuel Kantb. It states that one should act only if the action is based on a universal principlec. It is also known as the categorical imperatived. It states that the value of a situation is determined by its consequences91. A client has a terminal illness and is unable to eat. The decision is made not to give the client IV feedings. This is an example of

a. passive euthanasiab. active euthanasiac. allocation of scarce resourcesd. assisted suicide92. Nurses should be aware that the following collaborative interventions can be considered as passive euthanasia. Identify which one is NOT considered as passive euthanasia.

a. Withdrawing the nasogastric tube in patients with nutritional requirement is administered by tube onlyb. Administering pain medication that may lead respiratory arrestc. Withhold I.V therapy in patients whose only source of fluid is via the parenteral route.d. Delaying oxygen administration93. Which statement best describes morality?

a. Being dependent on the 4 Principles of behaviorb. Adherence to specific Codes of Conductc. Commitment to an individual value systemd. Adherence to defined institution defined rules of behavior94. When a nurse makes a decision based on the reasoning that good consequences will outweigh bad consequences, she is following which theory?

a. Utilitarian theoryb. Deontological theoryc. Moralist theoryd. Formalist theory95. During the nurse tour of duty, very often they are confronted with ethical dilemma. In their decision-making, which of the following would require application of the Principle of Beneficence?

a. A confused 70-year-old lady needs restraints for protection from fall even if this makes her more agitated.b. A young patient who has asked not to receive tube feeding due to intense pain.c. A 3rd day post cholecystectomy client requests narcotic injection every 4 hours.d. A young father of three boys with advanced lung cancer asks that all known regimen be done to prolong his life despite no improvement.96. The doctrine that the general welfare of society is the proper goal of an individuals actions rather than egoism; the branch of philosophy that concerns the distinction between right from wrong on the basis of a body of knowledge, not just on the basis of opinions

a. ethicsb. altruismc. valued. manualCONTINUING PROGRAM EDUCATION

97. The nurse join a continuing education program for the purpose of

a. Getting in touch with colleagues in nursing

b. Updating knowledge and skills related to field of interestc. Enhancing basic knowledge

d. Earning credits for license renewal

98. A new graduate who is seeking employment decides to attend training on IV therapy program offered by an accredited nursing organization. This is:

a. Continuing educationb. Advanced trainingc. In-service educationd. Professional training99. The objectives of continuing professional education programs in nursing are the following, EXCEPT:

a. Augment the nurse educational preparation for admission to the practice of his professionb. Protect and promote the general welfare of the public by attaining the highest standards and quality in the practice of professionc. Make available latest trends in the profession brought by scientific and technological advancement in the professiond. Make the professional globally competitive by maintaining capability for delivering professional services100. Continuing Professional Education (CPE) is mandated in the PRC Modernization Act of

a. RA 977b. RA 9173c. RA 8981d. PD 223

ANSWERS AND CONCEPT ILLUMINATIONS1. ANSWER: D.

CONCEPT ILLUMINATION

Nursing jurisprudence deals specifically with nursing legalities encompassing the laws, lawsuits, rules, and regulations that affect the practice. Nursing ethics is related to all principles of right conduct as they apply to the profession. Nursing legislation are the specific laws applied to nursing. Medical ethics is about the right conduct in the practice of medicine.

2. ANSWER: C.


A profession must always observe the presence of ethics. The profession must recognize its obligations to society by insisting that its members live up to an established code of ethics.

3. ANSWER: C.


Nursing is an occupation requiring a unique body of knowledge and skills to serve society. The philosophy of nursing embodies what the nursing profession is and ought to be. Mission statements dictates that actions of the professional to attain its goals and objectives. The Code of Ethics states that the nurse has the responsibility encompassing promotion of health, prevention of illness, alleviation of suffering, and restoration of health. Standards of Nursing Practice provide guidelines to describe what a reasonably prudent person would do under similar circumstances.

4. ANSWER: A.


Nursing is people and client oriented. The nursing profession aims to give what the society needs in terms of health care and apply its knowledge and skills to serve the society.

5. ANSWER: D.


The proficient performer perceives situations as wholes rather than in terms of chopped up parts or aspects, and performance is guided by maxims. This holistic understanding improves the proficient nurse's decision-making; it becomes less labored because the nurse now has a perspective on which of the many existing attributes and aspects in the present situation are the important ones. Proficient nurses understand a situation as a whole because they perceive its meaning in terms of long-term goals.

6. ANSWER: D.


The Philippine Nurses Association was organized on October 22, 1922 upon the initiation of Mrs. Anastacia Tupas. Its first president was Mrs. Rosario Delgado. 7. ANSWER: A.


The code of ethics of the Philippine Nurses Association do not emphasize the dependent roles of a nurse, rather it stress out the independent fuctions of a nurse. The code of ethics truly provides more realistic guide to expected practice. It can also be used as a guideline for professional conduct in a malpractice suit and it embodies rules or standards governing the conduct of members of its profession. 8. ANSWER: B.


ANSAP, founded in 1968, is composed of nursing service administrators in both government and private hospitals. It initiated the development of Standards of Nursing Service and Practice.

9. ANSWER: B.


According to the Board of Nursing, the nursing roadmap continues to be a challenge to the nursing profession. The vision of the nursing roadmap is that by 2003, the Philippines shall be the lead in promoting Professional Nursing in the Asia Pacific Region.10. ANSWER: B.


According to RA 9173 sec. 29, the educational qualification to be a supervisor in a hospital is at least nine units of postgraduate studies in nursing administration. A masters degree in nursing is required for the chief nurse of a secondary or tertiary hospital.

11. ANSWER: C.


According to the Republic Act 9173, to qualify as a member of the Board of Nursing (BON), one should have at least 10 years of continuous practice of the nursing profession prior to appointment, the last five years of which is in the Philippines. The other qualifications are as follows:

1. Must be a natural born citizen and resident of the Philippines2. Must be a member of good standing of the accredited professional organization of nurses3. Must be a registered nurse and a holder of Masters degree in nursing, education or other allied medical profession conferred by a college or university duly recognized by the government12. ANSWER: A.


According to R.A. 9173, the suspension of the certificate of registration/professional license shall be for a period not to exceed four (4) years. A revoked license may be reapplied after this period.13. ANSWER: C.


The quasi-legislative power of the Board of Nursing enables them to review and approve, adopt, issue, and promulgate guidelines and regulations to the improvement of the practice of nursing and for the proper and full enforcement of the provisions of the Philippine Nursing Act of 2002 or the Republic Act 9173. 14. ANSWER: D.


A license is a legal document given by the government that permits a person to offer to the public his or her skills and knowledege in a particular jurisdiction. It is a privilege and a temporary right under standards and kimitations. It is given to a person as evidence that one has the basic skill, knowledge and attitude to qualify for the practice. 15. ANSWER: B.


The Phillipine Nursing Act of 2002 or the Republic Act 9173 do not include the provision that if an examinee fails three times in the subject or subjects repeated, he or she should first pass the refresher course prior to taking the licensure examination again. The other statements are within the provisions of the Republic Act 9173.16. ANSWER: B.


Renewal examination shall be taken within two years or 24 months after the last faile exam.

17. ANSWER: A.


The schedule of mass oathtaking is within 15 days after the official release of the results of the licensure examination, which is included in the press release issued by the Professional Regulation Commission.

18. ANSWER: D.


All successful candidates of the examination shall be required ti take an oath of profession before the Board or any government official authorized to administer oaths prior to entering the nursing practice.

19. ANSWER: B.


Having 3 consecutive incident reports is not a ground for revocation or suspension of certificate of registration. The prohibitions in yhe nursing practice when the license is suspended or revoked are

1. Without certificate of registration or professional license

2. Fraud in obtaining a certificate

3. Falsely advertises as a registered nurse

4. Assistance to illegal practice not lawfully accepted

5. Malpractice or negligence

6. Gross incompetence20. ANSWER: B.


The Commission on Higher Education is the institution or organization that is responsible for approving the certificate to operate as a nursing school.

21. ANSWER: D.


For a nurse to obtain a license to practice nursing in the Philippines, s/he must pass the board examinations and then take the oath of professionals before the Board of Nursing.

22. ANSWER: C.


According to the Philippine Nurses Act of 2002, foreign nurses wanting to practice in the Philippines must show proof that his/her country of origin meets the two essential conditions: a) the requirements for registration between the two countries are substantially the same; and b) the country of origin of the foreign nurse has laws allowing the Filipino nurse to practice in his/her country just like its own citizens.

23. ANSWER: B.


According to the Magna Carta for Public Health Workers, government nurses are exempted from paying professional tax. Hence, as an employee in the government, s/he will pay only the income tax.

24. ANSWER: A.


RA 9173 section 13 states that the qualifications to take the board exams are: Filipino citizen or citizen of a country where the Philippines has reciprocity; of good moral character and graduate of BSN from a recognized school of nursing. There is no explicit provision about the age requirement in RA 9173 unlike in RA7164 (old law)

25. ANSWER: B.


RA 9173 sec. 24 states that for equity and justice, a revoked license maybe re-issued provided that the following conditions are met: a) the cause for revocation of license has already been corrected or removed; and, b) at least four years has elapsed since the license has been revoked.

26. ANSWER: B.


In the qualifications for admission to the licensure examination, this does not include the minimum age of 21 years. The specific age of applicants to take the examination to be at least 21 years (from RA 877 to RA 4704) or at least 18 years (from RA 7164) has been deleted. The Philippine Nursing Act of 2002 does not have any age requirement and age limitation.

27. ANSWER: B.


Quantum meruit is not a way of appointing the Board of Nursing; rather it is the compensation of the Board Members. They are paid based on the principle of Quantum meruit, which means, as much as they deserve.

28. ANSWER: B.


Registration is the recording the names of persons who have qualified under the law to practice their respective profession. When a BSN graduate would like to acquire a license, registration by examination is the most appropriate and legal way. This is done by taking and passing the licensure examination.

29. ANSWER: A.


The legal basis that Registered Nurses must undergo special training on intravenous injections is the BON Resolution No. 08 S 1994.

30. ANSWER: C.


The Board of Nursing also has the power when the Commission on Higher Education likes to close down a nursing school. The Board of Nursing has the power since it is the agency that creates the licensure examination, to who the passing rate of the nursing schools are noted.

31. ANSWER: C.


Laws tend to remain constant is not accurate because laws are continuously changed or amended for the improvement of the practice of the profession. Laws and ethics are closely related because the ethical principles applied by a nurse are based on the consequences stated in the laws. Laws govern a particular field or activity to make a jurisdiction for the profession. Laws are principles and processes that resolve disputes without resorting to physical force.

32. ANSWER: D.


Article I, Section 1 of the Amended Code of Ethics for Nurses states, Health is a fundamental right of every individual. The Filipino registered nurse, believing in the worth and dignity of each human being, recognizes the primary responsibility to preserve health at all cost. This responsibility encompasses promotion of health, prevention of illness, alleviation of suffering, and restoration of health. However, when the foregoing is not possible, assistance towards a peaceful death shall be his/her obligation.33. ANSWER: B.


The Philippine Nursing Act of 2002 states that if an action is not documented, though performed is considered not done or performed by the nurse. The nurse is legally accountable for the actions done and not done for the client. The chard, which contains the nursing care provided, is strong evidence in court.

34. ANSWER: D.


The body that designates the places and dates of the Nursing Licensure Examination is the Professional Regulations Commission and not the Board of Nursing. 35. ANSWER: B.


RA 7305 is entitled Magna Carta of Public Health Workers. Under this law, salary scales are specified as well as the different allowances provided. Standardization of the salaries of nurses working in the government is not specified in this law. The signficant objectives are stated in the remaining options, they are:

1. Encourage those qualified and with abilities to remain in government service2. Promotes and improves the socio-economic well-being public health workers3. Develop their skills and abilities to remain in the government.36. ANSWER: B.


Since medication prescription is not within the scope of nursing practice, the physician must be informed as he is allowed and has the right to prescribe medications to the client. In this case, the nurse must inform the physician so that he can decide whether to consider the drug or discard it.

37. ANSWER: C.


The right to privacy is the right to be left alone, the right to be free of unwarranted publicity view as well as the right to live ones life without having anyones name, picture or provate affairs made public against ones will. The situation violates the right to privacy of the client by publicly revealing a malformed baby without the parents consent.

38. ANSWER: B.


Clinical guidelines in administering medications before administering the a medication, identify the client correctly using the appropriate means of identification, such as checking the identification bracelet and/or asking clients to state their name

39. ANSWER: C.


Documentation of unusual occurrence, incidents, and accidents, and of the nursing actions taken as a result of an occurrence, is internal to the institution or agency and allows the nurse and administration to review the quality of care and determine any potential risks present.

40. ANSWER: D.


Defamation takes place when something untrue is said (slander) or written (libel) about a person resulting in injury to that persons good name and reputation. Ootion C occurs when aperson puts another person in fear of harmful or offensive contract. Negligence involves the actions of professionals that fall below the standard of care for a specific professional group.

41. ANSWER: A.


Administrative law deals with protection of the rights of citizens. The Nurse Practice Act is an example of this is the law that defines and regulates nursing practice. It determines the scope of practice for licensed practical nurses and registered nurses and differentiates the practice of nursing from the practice of medicine.42. ANSWER: C.


Reasonable person or a prudent person would or would not perform in a similar circumstance.43. ANSWER: B.


A patient who is violent, and is removing the IV line and medical monitoring, can legally be restrained to prevent injury. Nevertheless, an order for restraint must be secured from the health care provider within 24 hours.44. ANSWER: B.


The prudent and reasonable nurse would report the co-worker to the nursing administration so as to stop the alleged abuse of chemicals. The nurse abusing chemicals may not deliver proper and safe nursing care, which will be detrimental to the patients.45. ANSWER: A.


Too many aberrations that are unofficial in the chart leads to confusion therefore it is not acceptable in the court.

46. ANSWER: B.


The nurse should assess the clients insight and feelings towards abortion and its effects. With this, the nurse can address therapeutically the dilemma of the patient and could enter the fact that abortion is illegal, not acceptable, and is an immoral act.

47. ANSWER: B.


Malpractice is professional negligence. This means that the negligence occurred while the person was performing as a professional. Six elements must all be present for a case of nursing malpractice to be proven.

1. The client or plaintiff must demonstrate some type of harm or injury as a result of the breech of duty

2. A link must exist between the nurses act and the injury suffered

3. The nurse must have/should have relationship with the client that involves providing care and following an acceptable standard of care

4. If malpractice caused this injury, the nurse is held liable for damages that may be compensated

5. It must be proved that the harm occurred as a direct result of the nurses failure to follow the standard of care

6. Something was done that should not have been done or nothing was done when it should have been done.

48. ANSWER: B.


This situation is an example of False Imprisonment. It is the unjustifiable detention of a person without a legal warrant to confine the person. Take for example, even though a nurse may suggest under some circumstances that a patient remain in bed, the client must not be detained against the will of the client.

49. ANSWER: D.


A legal term for the Latin, meaning the thing speaks for itself, this doctrine (Res Ipsa Loquitur) states that harm may not be traced to a specific health care provider but it does not normally occur unless there has been a negligent act. The term is used when the harm that resulted from negligence and the responsibility for the harm are clear and so obvious that anyone would agree on it. The plaintiff need not explain further to prove the defendants liability.

50. ANSWER: D.


A will is a legal declaration of ones intentions upon death. The nurses obligations in the execution of the will is that the nurse should note the soundness of mind of the patient, that he or she understood the act of making a will, and that there was freedom from fraud or undue influence. The person making the will should also be above 18 years old.

51. ANSWER: A.


Subpeona serves ti direct a witness to appear and give testimoy on the date and time ordered by the court. Subpoena duces tecum is incorrect because this requires a witness to bring necessary documents that could clarify the matter in issue.

52. ANSWER: A.


Consent to medical or surgical procedures should be signed by the patient or his authorized representative or legal guardian upon admission. This should be done prior to any medical or surgical procedures. A minor or those below 18 years old, in unconscious, without sound mind or imbecile, and a person accused are not legally allowed to sign the consent. An emancipated minor can sign a consent because he or she is lives independently.

53. ANSWER: C.


All confidential information that comes to the knowledge of the nurse in the care of her/his patients is considered privileged communications. Hence, the nurse is not allowed to just reveal the confidential information arbitrarily. The nurse may only be allowed to break the seal of secrecy in certain conditions. One such condition is when the court orders the nurse to testify in a criminal or medico-legal case.

54. ANSWER: B.


Do not resuscitate is a medical order, which is written, on the chart after the doctor has consulted the family and this means that the members of the health team are not required to give extraordinary measures but cannot withhold the basic needs like food, water, and air. It also means that the nurse is still duty bound to give the basic nursing care to the terminally ill patient and ensure that the spiritual needs of the patient is taken cared of.

55. ANSWER: A.


A neonatal care nurse would be an expert witness having been a nurse and been exposed to the specialized unit will qualify her as an expert witness.

56. ANSWER: C.


Any person not related to the delivery of patient care is not allowed to see the chart of the client. This is to promote confidentiality.

57. ANSWER: B.


An example of fraud is false claiming of benefits. For instance, deliberately changing a procedure classification to obtain greater reimbursement and separating procedures in order to be paid for each of them.

58. ANSWER: B.


When emergency life threatening procedures are needed to save the life of the patient, an informed consent may not be required.

59. ANSWER: A.


Item 1 is not under the doctrine of Res Ipsa Loquitor. If an irresistible force, one that is unforeseen and inevitable caused the injury, this is the doctrine of Force Majeure. Three conditions are required ti establish a defendants negligence without proving specific conducts. This is about the doctrine of Res Ipsa Loquitor. They are:

1. That the injury was caused by an agency within the control of the defendant.

2. That the plaintiff himself did not engage in any manner that would tend to bring about the injury.

3. That the injury was of such nature that it would not normally occur unless there was a negligent act on the part of someone.

60. ANSWER: C.


Reporting laws in each state require a professional to report incompetent practice, client abuse, and professional impairment. Malpractice laws, jurisdiction laws, and civil court laws may vary from state to state. 61. ANSWER: D.


Accessories are those who, having knowledge of the commission of the crime, either as the principals or accomplices, take part subsequently to its commission by profiting themselves or assisting the offender to profit from the effects of the crime by concealing or destroying the body of the crime or the evidence.

62. ANSWER: C.


One important duty of the nurse is to make sure that the equipments used in procedures and treatments is not defective. The nurse should have checked first the functionality of the instruments and objects that will be used for the clients. Because the client was harmed due to the negligent action of the nurse, the nurse is considered liable along with the employer.

63. ANSWER: D.


Parental permission is necessary for subjects under 18 years of age. Option A is incorrect because subjects under the age of 18 can participate, but they cannot render their own consent unless they are legally declared emancipated minors. Option B is incorrect because consent is always necessary. Option C is incorrect because subjects under the age of 18 cannot render their own consent.

64. ANSWER: C.


To maintain anonymity, no one must be able to trace the data of the participant. In option A, the subjects right to determine the time and circumstances under which private information is shared is called the right to privacy and dignity. In option B, confidentiality means that only the researcher knows the identity of the participant. In option D, to maintain anonymity, even the researcher does not know the identity of the participant.65. ANSWER: C.


This is a breach of right to protection from discomfort and harm. Option A refers to treating participants fairly and giving them what they are owed or due. Option B refers to the right of the participant to know about the study, its importance, the rights of participants, and risks and benefits of participation. Option D refers to the right to choose whether or not to participate.66. ANSWER: D.


When subjects fear reprisal or withholding of benefits related to their decision to participate in research, they are feeling coerced. Option A is an example of lack of confidentiality or anonymity, not coercion. Option B is an example of lack of informed consent, not coercion. Option C is an example of lack of consent, not coercion.67. ANSWER: C.


The ethical principle of fidelity is about keeping actual implicit promises. An example is keeping a promise to return to the client at a given time. Sharing secrets to a client is ethically wrong for a nurse. Doing whatever the physician or client wants you to do is not appropriate. The nurse can decide for himself or herself based on his or her own values and virtues, as well as based on the nursing standards. Saving the client money by not wasting supplies is an example of beneficence.

68. ANSWER: C.


The Filipino Nurses Code of Ethics was adopted under the Republic Act 9173 and promulgated by the Board of Nursing under Resolution No. 220 series of 2004 last July 14, 2004. 69. ANSWER: C.


For negligence or malpractice to exist, the following elements must be present: duty, a break of duty occurs, causation and injury.

70. ANSWER: C.


The ethical principle of veracity or truth telling is violated. To maximize the efficiency of health care, the nurse and the other health care providers are bound to tell the truth. The nurse should have not charted a normal temperature if the clients temperature is unchanged after providing tepid sponge bath. The nurse should also continue in giving the bath.

71. ANSWER: B.


Maintaining the integrity of the nursing profession is about acting in accordance with an appropriate code of ethics and accepted standards of practice. Autonomy is allowing the patient to make his or her decision about his treatment. Human dignity is what the nurse is protecting that is why individualized and professional care should be provided. The principle of justice is about the right to demand to be treated justly, fairly, and equally.

72. ANSWER: D.


The principles violated are veracity and non-maleficence. When the nurse steals the medicine and substitutes a cheaper one, non-maleficence is violated. According to this ethical principle, the nurse should do no harm and avoid inflicting harm to the client. Selling the stolen medicine violates the principle of veracity or truth telling because the nurse who steals the medication did not inform the patient buying the stolen drug that the drug is from another patient.

73. ANSWER: A.


In number 4 of the Patients Bill of Rights it states: The patient has the right to have an advance directive concerning treatment or designating a surrogate decision maker with the expectation that the hospital will honor the intent of that directive.74. ANSWER: C.


A power of attorney (POA) or letter of attorney in common law systems or mandate in civil law systems is an authorization to act on someone else's behalf in a legal or business matter. The person authorizing the other to act is the principal or granter (of the power), and the one authorized to act is the agent or attorney-in-fact.

75. ANSWER: C.


A living will is one form of advance medical directive. Advance medical directives pertain to treatment preferences and the designation of a surrogate decision-maker in the event that a person should become unable to make medical decisions on their own behalf.

76. ANSWER: A.


The three ethical principles are respect for person, beneficence, and justice. Freedom, equity, and equality are not included in the three ethical principles identified by the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research. 77. ANSWER: A.


All the information of a client should be held with confidentiality because the information is given by the client based on trust to the health care team giving direct care. The patient and the significant others are entitle to know facts within the limits determined by the physician. Other clients and health care providers who do not give direct care to the client should not be given the information regarding the clients condition.

78. ANSWER: C.


The standards of practice of a nurse state that scope and the activities that the nurse is allowed to practice without the order of other superiors. However, the standars should be nursing activities performed by the nurse are at an acceptable level.

79. ANSWER: D.


Nurses at all levels manage regardless of the size or nature of their work settings. They are concerned with operational management, and nursing care management. Therefore, the nurse must use critical thinking to decide appropriate nursing actions.

80. ANSWER: B.


Code of ethics is a set of ethical principles that are generally accepted by all members of a profession. It states the groups expectations and standard of behavior.

81. ANSWER: A.


This situation is a prime example of beneficence. Nurses are obligated to do good that is to implement actions that will benefit others.

82. ANSWER: D.


The patients bill of rights includes the rights that the patient and his or her family are subject to experience and be given privilege with during hospitalization. Some of the patients bill of rights includes that the patient has the right

1. to send and receive mail

2. to be told the cost of services

3. to be given privacy when receiving care

4. to considerate and respectful care

5. to make decisions about the plan of care prior to and during the course of treatment

6. to have an advance directive

7. to convey consideration to his privacy

8. to inspect all communications and recording pertaining to his or her care

9. to consent or decline to participate to a proposed research

10. to be informed of hospital policies and practices

83. ANSWER: C.


In the International Council of Nurses Code for Nurses, it states that the nurse takes appropriate action to safeguard the individual when a coworker or any other person endangers his case. 84. ANSWER: D.


Physical contact, such as touching the head, in some cultures is a sign of respect, whereas in others, it is strictly forbidden. So asking permission before touching a client demonstrates culturally sensitive care.

85. ANSWER: C.


The principle that is violated is the principle of veracity or telling the truth. Nonmaleficence is the duty to do no harm. Autonomy is the right to make ones own decision. Justice is defined as giving what is due.

86. ANSWER: A.


The nurse should incorporate on his or her practice the ethical principle of justice. Every patient, without consideration to the social status, race, or creed, should be treated justly, fairly, and equally. The nurse should give what is due care for every patient.

87. ANSWER: B.


As an advocate, the nurse needs to understand the clients point of view and then be prepared to verbalize that point of view to others involve in the clients care. Understanding the law, seeking advice from a manager, and providing careful documentation are not examples of being an advocate but they can all help. 88. ANSWER: C.


Fidelity means keeping the promises that are made. If the nurse offers to manage pain, then the nurse needs to follow through and ensure that the pain is controlled. Respect for autonomy refers to the commitment to include clients in decisions regarding all aspect of their care. Beneficence means taking positive actions to help others. Nonmaleficence means doing no harm. 89. ANSWER: D.


Euthanasia is direct killing of people who may not have committed any crime observing of death. Mercy killing is not practiced in the Philippines, until now there have been unresolved arguments since it will lessen the incentive of medical research. Euthanasia is becoming an ethical dilemma because the actions in mercy killing should be weight for the advantages and disadvantages. The choices are not clear to be right to end the suffering of the client, to be wrong, as killing is an immoral conduct.90. ANSWER: D.


In teleology, the outcome of an action, not the action itself, is the criterion for measuring the goodness of that action.

91. ANSWER: A.


Passive euthanasia is letting the person die but not giving client IV feedings. Active euthanasia is doing something that kills a patient. Active suicide is when an individual make an effort to kill himself/shooting or hanging himself.

92. ANSWER: B.


This is not considered passive euthanasia but considered as active euthanasia. Passive euthanasia involves the withdrawal of extraordinary means of life support or withholding life sustaining therapy. On the other hand, Active euthanasia involves action to bring out death directly. Passive euthanasia is the characteristic of the other choices.

93. ANSWER: C.


Morality refers to the social concensus about moral conduct for human beings and society. Commitment to an individual value system becomes the basis for deciding whether an action is right or wrong, good or evil, and proper or improper.

94. ANSWER: C.


The moralist theory aggrees with the moral principles and one of which is the moral principle of double effect. Double effect is taken into account when a nurse is faced on a situation, which may have both goo dand bad effects, however, the good consequences should outweigh bad consequences.95. ANSWER: D.


The principle of beneficence pertains to maximizing the good for the best benefit of the client. When a young father would like to prolong life despite no improvement, this means that the remaining positive aspect is maximized for the benefit of his three sons. The other options pertain to non-maleficence wherein the client is put on restraint to prevent harm, though pain is inflicted because restraints elevates the agitation of the client, not giving tube feeding so as not to aggravate the pain of the client, and giving narcotic to lessen pain though narcotic could result to respiratory distress.

96. ANSWER: A.


Ethics is related to all the principles of right conduct and the distinction between right from wrong on the basis of a body of knowledge, not just on the basis of opinions. 97. ANSWER: B.


The main objective of CEP is to provide and ensure the continuous education of the registered professional with the latest trends in the profession brought about by modernization and scientific and technological advancement

98. ANSWER: B.


Advanced training refers to continuing education programs offered by professional organizations representing various nursing specialties. In this situation, the nurse who is currently seeking employment enrolls in a continuing education program (such as a Basic IV Therapy Course) in order to improve not only their practice but also plan for wider horizons in their career in nursing. In other words, it will be up to the individual nurse to decide, based on his/her competencies, interests, career goals, and life circumstances, the kind of continuing education that is most appropriate for him/her.99. ANSWER: A.


Augmenting the nurses educational preparation for admission for professional practice is the purpose of advanced training. This is a part of the continuing education. The question is asking for the objectives in general, not the specific purposes of each professional development activity. The others are all the objectives of the Continuing Education Program. Its objectives are:

100. ANSWER: C.


The PRC Modernization Act is also the same with Republic Act 8981. There is no RA 977, it should have been RA 877 as the Philippine Nursing Law on June 19, 1953. RA 9173 is the Philippine Nursing Act of 2002. Presidential Decree 223 created the Professional Regulation Commission and prescribed its powers and functions.

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