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Basic techniquesof liberation and

thinning

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CRITERIAS TO SELECT CROP TREES IN THE

NATURAL FOREST STANDS:

1. Average spacing 7 m,

2. Local commercial/marketable tree species,

3. Largest in diameter at its place,

4. Healthy stem and crown,

5. If diameter > 40 cm,

6. If tree species conserved by the government.

CRITERIAS TO SELECT CROP TREES IN THE

MAN MADE FOREST STANDS:

1. Largest in diameter,

2. Healthy stem and crown,

5. If possible, evenly distributed.

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Liberation/thinning intensity

Light: just removal of direct competitor.

Heavy: removal of direct competitor,

removal of damaged trees,

removal of some part dense trees.

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How to select crop trees

M M

M

1 2 3

1st case:

If there are 3 merantis can be selected for croptrees nearby, choose the best one (no 2).

Remove immediately its competitor (no 1). Tree

no 3 does not necessary to be removed.

M

M

1 2

2nd case:

Tree no 1 with diameter 90 cm, damaged, with

high crown. Tree no 2 young healthy meranti.Choose tree no 2 as a crop trees. Tree no 1

does not necessary to be removed, because it is

not a competitor.

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N

M

1 2

M M N

N

1 2 3 4

3rd

case:Tree no 1 is not commercial tree species, d > 40

cm with healthy stem. One small healthy tree is

under the tree (no 2). Select tree no 1 as a crop

tree, because it has already grown up. Tree no 2

doesnt need to be removed.

4th case:

Tree no 1 is an unknown non commercial tree.

Tree no 2 is big meranti with damaged stem

(bent and hollowed). Tree no 3 is healthy

meranti. Tree no 4 is not tree species. Select

tree no 3 as a crop tree. Remove tree no 2

and 4. Let tree no 1.

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M M

M N N

N N

N

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

5th case:

Two young trees of meranti grow

adjacently (no 3 and no 4). There is no

other meranti tree around the area. Select

both of the trees no 3 dan 4 as an unit ofcrop trees. Trees no 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, dont to e

removed because they are not competitor.

M K

1 2

6th case:

Tree no 1 red meranti d = 5 cm. Tree no 2 dipterocarpus d

= 8 cm. Both of the trees are healthy and vigorous. Select

tree no 1 as a crop tree. Dipterocarpus should be killed

because of competing meranti. Diameter increment of

exposed meranti is 1,5 cm/th, whereas diameter

increment of exposed dipterocarpus is 1,1 cm/th. In next

35 yrs, diameter of meranti can be {5+(33x1,5)}=54,5 cm,

whereas d of keruing if it is liberated will be {8+(33x1,1)}=

44,3 cm. therefore in such case, it is preferred to selectmeranti than dipterocarpus.

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N N

1 2

500 ml 600 gr 5 lt

7th case:

Tree no 1 is a harder wood species with a healthy

trunk with d 77 cm. Tree no 2 is a hardest wood

tree species Shorea laevis with d 86cm. Select

both of the two large trees as crop trees although

the trees grow near together and oblique. Dont

kill one of them, because both of them has ready

to be used.

Tools:

Tools for tree poisoning: plastic bottle of 500

ml, ax of 600 gram, and jerrycan of 5 lt.

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Application:

Stem of impeder tree should be gashed around by

ax. Wound should be open to make easy waterenter the wood. Wound deeps 1-2 cm into the

sapwood.

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Obstacles:Timber stand improvement is not implemented by the forest

companies

No motivation of the forestry investors.

Concessioners feel no security for futureforestry bussiness (land conflict, yield conflict

between company and local community).

No control capacity of the Forest Services all

levels.

It is needed other variant of silviculture.

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