8. Circulatory System FKM'12

8/12/2019 8. Circulatory System FKM'12

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THECARDIOVASCULAR

SYSTEM


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Introduction

The circulatorysystem is comprised of:

-the heart,

- veins,

-capillaries,

-arteries,

which work together to supplythe body tissues with

nourishmentand collect wastematerials.


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The cardiovascular system carries blood anddissolved substances to and from different places

in the body.

The Heart has the job of pumping these things around

the body.

The Heart pumps blood and substances around the

body in tubes called blood vessels.

The Heart and blood vessels together make up the

cardiovascular System.

What is the cardiovascular system?


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Functionsof the cardiovascular system:

Distribute nutrients,

Transport and exchange oxygenand carbon dioxide,

Remove wastematerials,

Distribute secretionsof endocrine glands,


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Prevent excessive bleeding,

Prevent infection, and

Regulate body temperature.


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lungs

head & arms

liver

digestive system

kidneys

legs

pulmonary artery

aorta

pulmonary vein

main vein

LeftRight

How does this system work?

Cardiovascular System


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Lungs

Body cells

Our cardiovascular system is a double circulatory system.

This means it has two parts parts.

the rightside of

the system

deals with

deoxygenatedblood.

the leftside of

the system

deals with

oxygenatedblood.


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Anatomy of the Heart

The heartis a funnel-shaped, hollow, muscularorgan that is responsible for pumping blood to allparts of the body.

The heart is located near the center of the thoracic

cavity between the lungs and is contained in thepericardial sac.

The pericardial sac supports the heart and containssome fluid for lubrication.


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HEART LOCATION

Heart is located in themediast inum area from the sternum to

the vertebral column andbetween the lungs


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The heart wall is made up of three layers.

Epicardiumouter layer of heart wall, which is also theinner layer of epicardial sac;

Endocardiuminner layer that consists ofendothelial cells, which line the heart, covers the

heart valves, and lines the blood vessels.

. Myocardiummiddle layer composed of cardiac muscle.

The cardiacmuscle is an involuntary, striated muscle

with fibers that intertwine.


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The atrioventricularvalves (AV valve)separatethe atrium and ventricle on each side of the heart.

The AV valves have flaps of tissues, called leaflets orcusps, which open and close to ensure that the blood flowsonly in one direction and does not backflow into theatriums.

The AV valve on the right side of the heart is called thetricuspidvalve because it has three leaflets (cusps).

The AV valve on the left side of the heart is called the

bicuspidvalve (or mitral valve) because it has two leaflets.The pulmonaryvalve and the aorticvalve prevent bloodfrom back-flowing into their respective ventricles.


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The pulmonary valveis located between the rightventricle and the pulmonary artery.

The aortic valveis located between the left ventricleand the aortic artery.


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How does the heart beat?

A group of cells called the sinoatrialnode(SA node)

control the beat of the heart by sending out electricalsignals to make the heart pump.


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Larry M. Frolich, Ph.D.,HumanAnatomy

Heart Innervation Heart receives visceral

motor innervation Sympathetic (speeds up)

Parasympathetic (slows

down) p. 534


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The Heart

These are arteries.They carry bloodaway from the heart.

This is a vein. It bringsblood from the body,except the lungs.

Coronary arteries,the hearts ownblood supply

The heart has four chambers

2 atria

2 ventricles

now lets look inside the heart


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Blood supply to heart wall

Rt and Lft Coronary Arteries

Branch from Ascending Aorta

Have multiple branches along heart

Sit in Coronary Sulcus

Coronary Heart Disease

Cardiac Veins

Coronary Sinus (largest)

Many branches feed into sinus

Sit in Coronary Sulcus


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A heart attackoften involves a clot in the coronaryarteries or their branches.

In this illustration,a clot is shown inthe location of #1.

Area #2 shows theportion of thedamaged heart that

is affected by the .


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The Heart

Left Ventricle

Left AtriumRight Atrium

Right Ventricle

valve

Vein from Lungs

Artery to Head and BodyArtery to Lungs

Vein from Head and Body

valve


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How does the Heart work?

blood from the

body

blood from

the lungs

The heart beat begins when the

heart muscles relaxand blood

flows into the atria.

STEP ONE


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The atria then contractandthe valves opento allow blood

into the ventricles.


STEP TWO


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The valves closeto stop blood

flowing backwards.

The ventricles contractforcing

the blood to leave the heart.

At the same time, the atria are

relaxingand once again filling with

blood.

The cycle then repeats itself.

STEP THREE


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blood from the heart gets around

the body through blood vessels

There are 3 types of blood vessels

a. ARTERY

b. VEIN

c. CAPILLARY

W ll f A t i d V i


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Walls of Arteries and Veins

Tunica externa Outermost layer

CT w/elastin and collagen

Strengthens, Anchors

Tunica media

Middle layer

Circular Smooth Muscle

Vaso-constriction/dilation

Tunica intima

Innermost layer

Endothelium

Minimize friction

Lumen


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ARTERI :

1. ARTERI BESAR

(ELASTIC ARTERY):

2. ARTERI SEDANG(MUSCULAR

ARTERY):

3. ARTERI KECIL

(ARTERIOLE):


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The VEIN

Veins carry blood towards from the heart.

thin muscle andelastic fibres

veins have valveswhich act to stop theblood from going inthe wrong direction.

body muscles surround the veinsso that when they contract tomove the body, they also squeezethe veins and push the blood alongthe vessel.


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M. Frolich Ph.D. Human Anatom

Artery/Vein differences

Arteries (aa.) Veins (vv.)Direction

of flow

Blood Away fromHeart

Blood to Heart

Pressure Higher Lower

Walls THICKER: Tunicamedia thicker than

tunica externa

THINNER: Tunicaexterna thicker

than tunica mediaLumen Smaller Larger

Valves No valves Valves (see next)


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The CAPILLARY

Capillaries link Arteries with Veins

the wall of a capillaryis only one cell thick

they exchange materialsbetween the blood andother body cells.

The exchange of materials

between the blood and thebody can only occur throughcapillaries.


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artery vein

capillariesbody cell

The CAPILLARYA collection of capillaries is known as a capillary bed.


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AORTA

I. AORTA ASCENDENS :

- A. CORONARIA

DEXTRA ET SINISTRA

II. ARCUS AORTA

III. AORTA DESCENDENS

:

A. AORTA THORACALIS

B. AORTA ABDOMINALIS

II ARCUS AORTA


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II. ARCUS AORTA :

1. A.

BRACHIOCEPHALICA:

a. A. SUBCLAVIA DEXTRA

b. A. CAROTIS COMMUNIS

DEXTRA:

- A. CAROTIS INT.DEXTR.

- A. CAROTIS EXT.

DEXTR.

2. A. CAROTIS COMMUNISSINISTRA:

- A. CAROTIS INT. SIN.

- A. CAROTIS EXT. SIN.

3. A. SUBCLAVIA SINISTRA.

III A AORTA THORACALIS


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III. A. AORTA THORACALIS:

1. Aa. INTERCOSTALIS

2. Aa. BRONCHIALIS

3. Aa. ESOPHAGEALIS

III B AORTA ABDOMINALIS


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III.B. AORTA ABDOMINALIS

1. Aa. PHRENICA ABD. DEXTRAET SINISTRA

2. A. COELIACA3. Aa. SUPRARENALIS MEDIA

DEXTRA ET SINISTRA

4. Aa. RENALIS DEXTRA ETSINISTRA

5. Aa. TESTICULARIS /OVARICA DEXT. ET SIN.

6. A. MESENTERICA SUP.

7. A. MESENTERICA INF.

8. Aa. LUMBALIS

9. Aa. ILIACA COMMUNIS:- Aa. ILIACA EXTERNA

- Aa. ILIACA INTERNA


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ARTERI UNTUK LEHER DAN KEPALA


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ARTERI UNTUK LEHER DAN KEPALA

1. A. CAROTIS EXTERNA

2. A. CAROTIS INTERNA

3. A. VERTEBRALIS

4. A. MENINGICA MEDIA

ARTERI UNTUK EXTREMITAS SUPERIOR


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ARTERI UNTUK EXTREMITAS SUPERIOR

A. AXILLARIS

A. BRACHIALIS

A. RADIALIS

A. ULNARIS


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ARTERI UNTUK EXTREMITAS INFERIOR

A. FEMORALIS

A. POPLITEA

A. TIBIALIS ANTERIOR

A. TIBIALIS POSTERIOR

A. DORSALIS PEDIS

Aa. PLANTARIS

MEDIALIS ET LATERALIS


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TEMPAT TEMPAT UNTUK PALPASI ARTERI


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TEMPAT-TEMPAT UNTUK PALPASI ARTERI

(NADI)

VENNAE BESAR


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VENNAE BESAR

ATRIUM DEXTRM

I. V. CAVA SUPERIOR V.

AZYGOS

Vv. BRACHIOCEPHALICA

DEXTRA ET SINISTRA

Vv. JUG INT. Vv.SUBCLAVIA

DEXT/SIN DEXT/SIN


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II. V. CAVA INFERIOR:

1. Vv. PHRENICA

INFERIOR

2. Vv. HEPATICA

3. Vv. SUPRARENALIS

4. Vv. RENALIS

5. V. TESTICULARIS/OVARICA DEXTRA

6. Vv. LUMBALIS

7. Vv. ILIACA COMMUNIS

DEXTRA ET SINISTRA


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VENNAE EXTREMITAS SUPERIOR


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VENNAE EXTREMITAS SUPERIOR

V. SUBCLAVIA

V. AXILLARIS

V. CEPHALICA--------- V. BASILICA

VENNAE MANUS

------ V. MEDIANA CUBITI

VENNAE EXTREMITAS INFERIOR


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VENNAE EXTREMITAS INFERIOR

V. ILIACA EXTERNA

V. FEMORALIS

V. POPLITEA V.SAPHENA

MAGNA

V. SAPHENA

PARVA

VENNAE PEDIS


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8. Circulatory System FKM'12

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