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ML-8E1, ML-8T18-Port Main Link E1 and T1 Modules

Megaplex-2100/2104 Version 12

INSTA

LLATIO

N A

ND

O

PER

ATIO

N M

AN

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The Access Company

ML-8E1, ML-8T1 8-Port Main Link E1 and T1 Modules

Megaplex-2100/2104 Version 12

Installation and Operation Manual

Notice

This manual contains information that is proprietary to RAD Data Communications Ltd. ("RAD"). No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form whatsoever without prior written approval by RAD Data Communications.

Right, title and interest, all information, copyrights, patents, know-how, trade secrets and other intellectual property or other proprietary rights relating to this manual and to the ML-8E1, ML-8T1 and any software components contained therein are proprietary products of RAD protected under international copyright law and shall be and remain solely with RAD.

The ML-8E1, ML-8T1 product name is owned by RAD. No right, license, or interest to such trademark is granted hereunder, and you agree that no such right, license, or interest shall be asserted by you with respect to such trademark. The RAD name, logo, logotype, and the terms EtherAccess, TDMoIP and TDMoIP Driven, and the product names Optimux and IPmux, are registered trademarks of RAD Data Communications Ltd. All other trademarks are the property of their respective holders.

You shall not copy, reverse compile or reverse assemble all or any portion of the Manual or the ML-8E1, ML-8T1. You are prohibited from, and shall not, directly or indirectly, develop, market, distribute, license, or sell any product that supports substantially similar functionality as the ML-8E1, ML-8T1, based on or derived in any way from the ML-8E1, ML-8T1. Your undertaking in this paragraph shall survive the termination of this Agreement.

This Agreement is effective upon your opening of the ML-8E1, ML-8T1 package and shall continue until terminated. RAD may terminate this Agreement upon the breach by you of any term hereof. Upon such termination by RAD, you agree to return to RAD the ML-8E1, ML-8T1 and all copies and portions thereof.

For further information contact RAD at the address below or contact your local distributor.

International Headquarters RAD Data Communications Ltd.

24 Raoul Wallenberg Street Tel Aviv 69719, Israel Tel: 972-3-6458181 Fax: 972-3-6498250, 6474436 E-mail: [email protected]

North America Headquarters RAD Data Communications Inc.

900 Corporate Drive Mahwah, NJ 07430, USA Tel: (201) 5291100, Toll free: 1-800-4447234 Fax: (201) 5295777 E-mail: [email protected]

© 1988–2008 RAD Data Communications Ltd. Publication No. 764-242-05/08

mailto:[email protected]


ML-8E1, ML-8T1 MP-2100/2104 Ver. 12 1

Quick Start Guide

If you are familiar with the ML-8E1 and ML-8T1 modules, use this guide to prepare it for operation.

1. Preliminary Preparations

1. Insert the module in the assigned I/O slot.

2. Refer to the site installation plan, identify the cable intended for connection to the ML-8E1, ML-8T1 connector, and connect the cable as explained below.

For ML-8T1 and ML-8E1 with balanced interfaces, use CBL-G703-8/RJ45/ST or CBL-G703-8/RJ45/ST/X:

1. Connect the 44-pin connector of the cable to the ML-8E1 or ML-8T1 front panel connector.

2. Connect the RJ-45 plug of each port interface, CH-1 to CH-8, to the prescribed user’s equipment or patch panel connector.

3. If necessary, connect the RJ-45 plug labeled STATION CLOCK to the external clock source or patch panel connector.

You can also use the open cable CBL-G703-8/OPEN/ST.

To connect the CBL-G703-8/OPEN/ST cable:

1. Connect the free cable ends in accordance with the prescribed termination method.

2. When done, connect the 44-pin male connector of the cable to the ML-8E1, ML-8T1 front panel connector.

For ML-8E1 with unbalanced E1 interfaces, use CBL-G703-8/COAX:

1. Connect the 44-pin male connector of the cable to the ML-8E1 front panel connector.

2. Connect the BNC plugs of each port interface, CH-1 to CH-8, to the prescribed user’s equipment or patch panel connectors.

TX connector serves as the transmit output of the port

RX connector serves as the receive input of the port.

Quick Start Guide Installation and Operation Manual

2 ML-8E1, ML-8T1 MP-2100/2104 Ver. 12

2. Configuration Procedure

Configure the desired external port using the command: DEF CH SS CC, where SS is the slot number, and CC is the port number (1 to 8). You can also configure all the ports at once using the command DEF CH SS *.

The configuration parameters of the ML-8E1, ML-8T1 ports and the allowed range of values of each parameter are listed below.

ML-8E1 Port Parameters

Parameter Range of Values

Connect YES

NO

Frame G.732N

G.732N-CRC4

G.732S

G.732S-CRC4

Sig. Profile 1 through 5

Line Impedance 120 Ohm BALANCED

75 ohm UNBALANCED

Idle Code 00 to FF (hexa), FF

Do not use 00, 08, 10, 12, 21,

24, 42, 49, 84, or 92

Redundancy N/A

Rx Gain SHORT HAUL

LONG HAUL

Voice OOS 00 to FF (hexa)

Data OOS 00 to FF (hexa)

OOS Signaling

FORCED IDLE

FORCED BUSY

BUSY IDLE

IDLE BUSY

Restoration Time 1 SECOND (FAST)

10 SECONDS (62411)

CCITT

Installation and Operation Manual Quick Start Guide

ML-8E1, ML-8T1 MP-2100/2104 Ver. 12 3

Parameter Range of Values

Inband Management OFF

DEDICATE PPP

DEDICATE FR

PPP FAIL DETECT

Routing Protocol NONE

PROPRIETY RIP

RIP2

PROP RIP NO NMS TX

ML-8T1 Port Parameters

Parameter Values

Connect YES

NO

Frame SF (D4)

ESF

Sig. Profile 1 through 5

Idle Code 40 to 7F and C0 to FF (hexa)

Do not use 00, 08, 10, 12, 21, 24, 42, 49, 84, or 92

Redundancy N/A

FDL Type RESPONSE

COMMAND

NONE

Line Code TRANSPARENT

B7

B8ZS

Interface CSU

DSU

Attenuation

(CSU)

Length (DSU)

CSU mode:

0 dB

7.5 dB

15 dB

22.5 dB

Quick Start Guide Installation and Operation Manual

4 ML-8E1, ML-8T1 MP-2100/2104 Ver. 12

Parameter Values

DSU mode:

000 to 133 FEET

133 to 266 FEET

266 to 399 FEET

399 to 533 FEET

533 to 655 FEET

Voice OOS 00 to FF (hexa)

Data OOS 00 to FF (hexa)

OOS Signaling

FORCED IDLE

FORCED BUSY

BUSY IDLE

IDLE BUSY

Restoration

Time

1 SECOND (FAST)

10 SECONDS (62411)

Inband

Management

OFF

DEDICATE PPP

DEDICATE FR

Routing

Protocol

NONE

PROPRIETY RIP

RIP2

PROP RIP NO NMS TX

3. Assigning Timeslots

After performing the configuration of the individual module channels it is necessary to assign main link timeslots to each connected channel.

• When using the regular (BI-DIR) or the UNI-BRD TX mode, timeslot assignment is performed using the following commands:

Use the DEF TS SS:CC command to assign full timeslots.

Use the DEF SPLIT TS SS:CC:TS command to assign a fraction of a timeslot.

• When using the UNI-BRD RX mode, timeslot assignment for the receive direction is made using the dedicated routing fields of the DEF CH command.

ML-8E1, ML-8T1 MP-2100/2104 Ver. 12 i

Contents

Chapter 1. Introduction 1.1 Overview....................................................................................................................1-1

Main Features.........................................................................................................1-1 Models ...................................................................................................................1-1

1.2 Physical Description ...................................................................................................1-2 1.3 Functional Description................................................................................................1-3

Functional Block Diagram ........................................................................................1-3 TDM Interfaces...................................................................................................1-4 Routing Matrix....................................................................................................1-4 Link Interfaces ...................................................................................................1-5 Timing Subsystem ..............................................................................................1-5 Local Management Subsystem............................................................................1-5

Link Interface Characteristics ..................................................................................1-6 ML-8E1 Port Characteristics................................................................................1-6 ML-8T1 Port Characteristics................................................................................1-6

External (Station) Clock Interface Characteristics .....................................................1-7 Handling of Alarm Conditions ..................................................................................1-8 Payload Processing .................................................................................................1-8 Processing of Channel-Associated Signaling.............................................................1-9 Timing ....................................................................................................................1-9

Internal Clock ...................................................................................................1-10 Loopback Timing ..............................................................................................1-10 External Timing.................................................................................................1-10 Station Clock....................................................................................................1-10

Diagnostics...........................................................................................................1-10 1.4 Technical Specifications............................................................................................1-11

Chapter 2. Module Installation and Operation 2.1 Safety........................................................................................................................2-1 2.2 Installing the Module..................................................................................................2-1 2.3 Connecting Cables to ML-8E1, ML-8T1 Modules ..........................................................2-2

Connection Data.....................................................................................................2-2 CBL-G703-8/RJ45/ST Cable .................................................................................2-2 CBL-G703-8/RJ45/ST/X Cable ..............................................................................2-3 CBL-G703-8/OPEN/ST Cable................................................................................2-4 CBL-G703-8/COAX Cable.....................................................................................2-5

Connecting Cables to the Module Ports ...................................................................2-7 2.4 Normal Indications .....................................................................................................2-8

Chapter 3. Configuration 3.1 Introduction...............................................................................................................3-1 3.2 ML-8E1, ML-8T1 Configuration Sequence....................................................................3-1 3.3 Configuring ML-8E1 Port Parameters ..........................................................................3-2 3.4 Configuring ML-8T1 Port Parameters ..........................................................................3-5

Selecting the System Timing Source ........................................................................3-7 3.5 Assigning Timeslots....................................................................................................3-8 3.6 Displaying Module Status Information ........................................................................3-8

Table of Contents Installation and Operation Manual

ii ML-8E1, ML-8T1 MP-2100/2104 Ver. 12

Chapter 4. Troubleshooting and Diagnostics 4.1 Overview....................................................................................................................4-1 4.2 Diagnostics ................................................................................................................4-1

User-Controlled Port Loopbacks ..............................................................................4-2 Local Port Loopback ...........................................................................................4-2 Remote Port Loopback .......................................................................................4-3

Network-Controlled Port Loopbacks (ML-8T1 Ports only) ............................................4-4 Network-Activated LLB .......................................................................................4-4 Network-Activated PLB.......................................................................................4-4 Network-Activated CSU Loopback.......................................................................4-5

Loopbacks on Timeslots..........................................................................................4-5 Local Loopback on Selected Port Timeslots.........................................................4-5 Remote Loopback on Selected Port Timeslots.....................................................4-6

4.3 Troubleshooting Instructions......................................................................................4-7 4.4 Technical Support ......................................................................................................4-8

ML-8E1, ML-8T1 MP-2100/2104 Ver. 12 1BOverview 1-1

Chapter 1

Introduction

1.1 Overview

This manual describes the technical characteristics, applications, installation and operation of the ML-8E1 and ML-8T1 Main Link modules for the Megaplex-2100/2104 integrated access multiplexer system.

For details regarding the integration of the ML-8E1, ML-8T1 modules in Megaplex systems and systems applications, refer to the Megaplex-2100/2104 Installation and Operation Manual.

Main Features

The main function of ML-8E1 and ML-8T1 modules is to provide the Megaplex with 8 interfaces to external E1 or T1 links, respectively. The modules handle all the framing and signaling processing tasks necessary for interfacing to external links.

The modules support flexible payload routing, independently configurable for each port, at the individual timeslots (DS0) level. This enables routing individually selected timeslots (including timeslots with split assignment) to other modules installed in the Megaplex chassis, via the internal TDM buses. The module also supports unidirectional broadcast applications.

The ML-8E1, ML-8T1 modules recover the timing of each received E1/T1 stream, and therefore can also provide chassis timing reference signals for the nodal Megaplex-2100 timing subsystem. ML-8E1, ML-8T1 transmit timing can be locked to the Megaplex nodal timing.

Models

The ML-8E1, ML-8T1 modules are offered in two models:

• ML-8E1 – 8 port I/O module with E1 interfaces.

• ML-8T1 – 8 port I/O module with T1 interfaces.

Chapter 1 Introduction Installation and Operation Manual

1-2 2BPhysical Description ML-8E1, ML-8T1 MP-2100/2104 Ver. 12

1.2 Physical Description

The ML-8E1, ML-8T1 modules occupy one I/O slot in the Megaplex chassis. Typical panels are shown in Figure 1-1. The module panels include 8 status indicators (one for each port), one station clock indicator and one 44-pin D-type female connector for all the ports.

Figure 1-1. ML-8E1, ML-8T1 Module Panels

ML-8E1

LINK

STATUS

CLOCK

1357

2468

E1

ML-8E1

ML-8T1

LINK

STATUS

CLOCK

1357

2468

T1

ML-8T1

The functions of each port status indicator are as follows:

• Lights steadily in green when the corresponding port is operating properly and is active

• Lights in red when the corresponding port detects loss of synchronization, loss of signal or a red alarm

• Off when the corresponding port is not connected.

The Clock indicator:

• Lights steadily in green when station clock is selected and indicates a good signal

• Off when the station clock port is not selected there is loss of signal.

Installation and Operation Manual Chapter 1 Introduction

ML-8E1, ML-8T1 MP-2100/2104 Ver. 12 3BFunctional Description 1-3

1.3 Functional Description

Functional Block Diagram

Figure 1-2 shows the functional block diagram of the ML-8E1, ML-8T1 modules.

ML-8E1, ML-8T1

Link 1

Link 4

RoutingMatrix

LinkInterface 1

LinkInterface 4

TDM

A B

us

Timing andClock Signals

InternalTiming

Generator

InternalClock & TimingSignals

Main Clock

Fallback ClockClock

Generator

ClockSelection

RX Clocksfrom LinkInterfaces

ControlTo Link Interfaces

Man

agem

ent B

us

LocalManagement

...

...

. . .

...

Link 5

Link 8

LinkInterface 5

LinkInterface 8

...

.

.

.

.

.

.TDM

Bus HInterface

TDMBus A

Interface

...

.....

.....

.....

TDM

H B

us

Station Clock StationClock

Station ClockInterface (via

Adaptor Cable)

Figure 1-2. ML-8E1, ML-8T1 Functional Block Diagram


1-4 3BFunctional Description ML-8E1, ML-8T1 MP-2100/2104 Ver. 12

The ML-8E1, ML-8T1 module includes the following main subsystems:

• TDM bus interfaces

• Routing matrix

• Link interface subsystem

• Timing subsystem

• Local management subsystem.

TDM Interfaces

The ML-8E1, ML-8T1 modules have eight independent TDM bus interfaces, one for each Megaplex TDM bus. Each TDM bus interface is used to connect timeslots from the corresponding bus to the internal routing matrix of the ML module, in accordance with the commands received from the CL module.

Although the ML module supports all the TDM buses, it is not always possible to use all the buses. This occurs because in any Megaplex chassis, the maximum number of TDM buses that can be actually used is determined by the modules installed in the chassis: the maximum number cannot exceed the smallest number of buses supported by any module in the chassis, which can vary from 2 to 8.

Routing Matrix

The ML-8E1, ML-8T1 module includes a routing matrix that controls the routing of timeslots within the module. Matrix routing is user-programmable, under the control of the CL module, and enables connecting any timeslot between any two ports. As a result, the matrix can be used to perform the following functions:

• Control the signal flow between the link interfaces and the 8 TDM buses.

• Connect timeslots from I/O channels of modules installed in the Megaplex to the desired main link interface. This is performed by connecting the desired timeslots from the TDM buses to a link interface.

• Bypass timeslots between the main link interfaces located on ML-8E1, ML-8T1 modules, without requiring bandwidth on the chassis TDM buses. This is performed by directly connecting the desired timeslots from one main link interface to the other link interface.

• Bypass timeslots from main links located on other modules to the main link interfaces located on the ML module. This bypass does require bandwidth on the TDM buses.

• Perform unidirectional routing of timeslots, and broadcasting from one timeslot to multiple destinations.

The unidirectional broadcast routing mode is supported for all the I/O modules installed in the chassis

The bidirectional broadcast routing mode is supported for a limited set. The complete list of the module supporting this mode can be found in Chapter 1 and Chapter 7 of the Megaplex-2100 Installation and Operation Manual.

• When using channel-associated signaling, the matrix also routes the signaling information associated with each channel in parallel with the channel data.



The matrix also controls the flow of inband management traffic between the CL module and the appropriate link interfaces. As shown in Figure 1-2, the management connection uses a different communication channel and therefore does not occupy timeslots on the TDM buses.

In addition to payload routing, the ML-8E1, ML-8T1 routing matrix is also used to activate local and remote loopbacks at the timeslot level on the ML-8E1, ML-8T1 internal ports.

Link Interfaces

The ML-8E1, ML-8T1 modules have independently configurable link interfaces, one for each external port. The ML-8E1 interfaces operate at the 2.048 Mbps (E1), and the ML-8T1 interfaces operate at 1.544 Mbps (T1).

Each link interface includes a framer and a line interface unit (LIU). The functions of the link interfaces are as follows:

• The transmit path of each interface generates the data stream in accordance with the framing mode selected by the user. The data stream may also include the signaling information in the format corresponding to the selected framing standard.

The framer automatically adds the appropriate overhead. Unused timeslots are filled with a user-specified idle code. The resulting data stream is then sent through the LIU to the line, in accordance with the applicable standard.

• The LIU in the receive path of each interface recovers the received data stream and the associated clock. The resulting data stream is processed by the framer, which synchronizes to the frame and extracts the payload and signaling information.

Out-of-service conditions are reported by inserting user-specified OOS codes.

In addition, the link interface collects performance diagnostic data in accordance with the applicable standards.

Timing Subsystem

The timing subsystem performs the following main functions:

• Generates the internal clock and timing signals required by the transmit path. These signals are locked to the Megaplex nodal timing.

• Generates main and fallback clock signals for the main Megaplex timing subsystem, derived from the recovered data streams of user-selected ports, in accordance with the commands received from the CL module.

• Provides an interface to the external (station) clock.

Local Management Subsystem

The local management subsystem performs two main functions:

• Controls the operation of the various circuits located on the ML-8E1, ML-8T1 module in accordance with the commands received from the CL module through the Megaplex management channel.

Note



• Stores the application software of the ML-8E1, ML-8T1 module. The software can be updated through the CL module.

• Controls the routing of management traffic through the desired link interfaces, in accordance with the management mode selected by the user for each link interface.

RAD equipment with E1, respectively T1 interfaces can also be managed inband, using a dedicated timeslot, by the same network management system that manages the Megaplex unit, for example, RADView.

Link Interface Characteristics

ML-8E1 Port Characteristics

The E1 link interfaces of the ML-8E1 modules meet the applicable requirements of ITU-T Rec. G.703, G.704, G.706, G.732 and G.823. The link interfaces use the HDB3 line code.

The modules support two line interfaces:

• 120Ω balanced line interface. The nominal balanced interface transmit level is ±3V.

• 75Ω unbalanced interface. The nominal unbalanced interface transmit level is ±2.37V.

Only one of these interfaces can be active at any time. Since each interface requires a different adapter cable, the port interface can sense the type of connected cable.

The E1 line interfaces have integral LTUs, which enable long-haul operation with line attenuation up to 33 dB. The line interface can also emulate a DSU interface, for short-haul applications: in this case, the maximum line attenuation is 10 dB.

Each module port can be independently configured in accordance with the desired ITU-T framing mode and signaling formats:

• Basic G.704 framing (identified as G.732N) with or without support for CRC-4 in accordance with ITU-T Rec. G.706. This framing mode can be used for applications that require CCS.

• G.704 framing with timeslot 16 multiframe (identified as G.732S), with or without support for CRC-4. This framing mode (referred to as G.704 multiframe mode), is used for applications that require CAS.

The support for the CRC-4 option (including the E bit) allows the carrier to monitor the transmission performance of the links to the ML-8E1 ports.

Timeslot 0 is terminated at each port. For CAS modes, timeslot 16 is also terminated at each port.

The user can also select specific timeslots to be transferred (the DS0 cross-connect mode).

ML-8T1 Port Characteristics

The T1 link interfaces of the ML-8T1 modules meet the applicable requirements of AT&T TR-62411, ANSI T1.403, and ITU-T Rec. G.703, G.704. Jitter performance



complies with the requirements of AT&T TR-62411. The interfaces are compatible with virtually all carrier-provided T1 services.

Zero suppression is user-selectable, separately for each port: transparent (AMI) coding, B7ZS, or B8ZS. For clear channel capability, it is necessary to use B8ZS.

The link interfaces have 100 Ω balanced interfaces.

Each T1 line interface has an integral CSU, which enables operation with line attenuations up to 34 dB. The nominal transmit level is ±3V. The CSU transmit level can be attenuated by 7.5, 15, or 22.5 dB, for compliance with FCC Rules Part 68A.

The line interface can also emulate a DSU interface. When configured for DSU emulation, the line transmit signal is user-adjustable for line lengths of 0 to 655 feet in accordance with AT&T CB-119.

Each module port can be independently configured in accordance with the desired framing mode:

• D4 (SF) framing (12 frames per multiframe)

• ESF framing (24 frames per multiframe), with full support for FDL.

The ports support the collection of statistical diagnostics per ANSI T1.403, thereby allowing the carrier to monitor the transmission performance of the links to the ML-8T1.

The signaling and link overhead, for example, the FDL, are terminated at each port.

External (Station) Clock Interface Characteristics

The ML-8E1, ML-8T1 modules include an external (station) clock interface, which can be used to lock the nodal timing of the Megaplex to an external clock signal, for example, a signal provided by a GPS-based timing source, the clock signals provided by an SDH add/drop multiplexer (ADM), or other suitable clock source.

The external clock interface is incorporated into the ML-8E1, ML-8T1 adaptor cables. The clock connectors include the following inputs and outputs:

• External clock input:

In the ML-8E1 modules, balanced (120 Ω), which accepts a 2048 kHz “all-ones” AMI-coded clock signal per ITU-T Rec. G.703.

In the ML-8T1 modules, balanced (100 Ω) interface, which accepts a 1544 kHz “all-ones” AMI-coded clock signal per ITU-T Rec. G.703.

• External clock outputs that provide clock signals derived from the Megaplex nodal timing:

In the ML-8E1 modules, balanced (120 Ω) interface, which outputs a 2048 kHz AMI-coded clock signal.

In the ML-8T1 modules, balanced (100 Ω) interface, which outputs a 1544 kHz “all-ones” AMI-coded clock signal per ITU-T Rec. G.703.

The structure of the external clock interface provides a convenient way to distribute clock signals to several equipment units installed in close proximity, e.g., in the same equipment rack (the clock interface connectors can be



simply connected in a daisy-chain configuration), as shown in Figure 1-3. In this application, the clock source is connected to the external clock input in the station clock interface, and serves as the nodal timing reference. The nodal clock signal, appearing at the external clock output, is connected to the external clock input of the next Megaplex, and so on.

Note that only the first Megaplex receives the reference signal: the other units receive the clock signal from the Megaplex nodal timing subsystem, which has Stratum 4E characteristics.

ML-8E1

Clock Source(GPS-Based Timing Source,

SDH/SONET ADM, etc.)

Megaplex Units

CLOCK

ML-8E1

CLOCK

ML-8E1

CLOCK

ML-8E1

CLOCK

Figure 1-3. Clock Distribution Using ML-8E1 Station Clock Interface

Handling of Alarm Conditions

The external ports support two types of indications in the individual timeslots: idle timeslots and out-of-service (OOS) indications.

• Idle Timeslot Indication. A special code can be transmitted in empty timeslots (timeslots which do not carry payload).

• OOS Indications. The OOS code is inserted in individual timeslots to signal the equipment routed to one of the module ports that the link connected to the external port is out-of-service (e.g., because of red alarm or loss of frame synchronization).

The idle code and OOS indications can be independently configured for each module port. Moreover, separate OOS codes can be transmitted in the timeslots, in accordance with the type of payload carried by each timeslot (voice or data). For ML-8E1 modules using the G.704 multiframe mode, the signaling OOS code can also be selected.

Payload Processing

The ML-8E1, ML-8T1 modules support three main types of payload per timeslot:

• Data timeslots: timeslots which are transparently transferred from port to port. In general, it is assumed that no CAS is associated with data timeslots.

• Voice timeslots: timeslots carrying PCM-encoded payload, with A-law companding for ML-8E1 ports and μ-law companding for ML-8T1 ports.

In general, CAS is always associated with voice timeslots, and therefore it must also be converted when necessary.

• Management timeslots: with framed signals, one timeslot can be assigned in any port to carry management traffic. Such timeslots are always directed to the CL management subsystem, for processing.



The flow of payload carried by data and voice timeslots is normally bidirectional (full duplex connection). However, as explained in the Megaplex-2100/2104 Installation and Operation Manual, it is also possible to define unidirectional flows, called unidirectional broadcasts, from one source (a timeslot of a source port) to multiple destinations (each destination being a selected timeslot of another port).

Processing of Channel-Associated Signaling

The ML-8E1, ML-8T1 modules support channel-associated signaling. For flexibility, the user can specify the following signaling format conversions:

• Conversion of signaling information received through a link, in order to match any specific internal Megaplex signaling interpretation conventions.

• Conversion of the internal signaling information to the format used by the equipment connected to Megaplex links.

Each link can use different receive and transmit translation rules. These translation rules are defined by means of signaling profiles, explained in the Megaplex-2100/2104 Installation and Operation Manual.

A profile enables the user to select the translation of each individual signal bit. The available selections are A, B, C, D (value copied from the corresponding incoming bit), ~A, ~B, ~C, ~D (inverted value of corresponding incoming bit), 0 (always 0), and 1 (always 1).

In addition to the translation of individual bits, the receive path conversion section can also be used to define the signaling bit patterns that indicate the busy and idle states.

Timing

The receive path of each ML main link port can use the clock signal recovered from the corresponding received line signal.

The transmit path timing is derived from the nodal clock used by the Megaplex. The nodal clock source can be selected in accordance with system requirements, from one of the following options:

• Internal clock

• Clock derived from one of the received clock signals, using one of the following methods:

Loopback timing (timing locked to the clock signal recovered from the receive signal of a selected main link)

External timing (timing locked to the external (receive) clock supplied to a selected high-speed Megaplex data channel)

• Station clock.

The main characteristics of each timing mode are explained below.



Internal Clock

The source for the internal timing signals is a crystal oscillator located in the ML module, having an accuracy of ±30 parts per million (ppm). This accuracy corresponds to a Stratum 4 clock.

The internal timing mode can be used in point-to-point links and in independent networks. In any system, only one unit may operate with internal timing: all the other units must use loopback timing to ensure synchronization. In this way, the unit that operates with internal timing is the clock source and determines the timing of the entire network.

Loopback Timing

With loopback timing, the main link transmit clock is locked to the receive clock derived from the receive data of the same port. The user can select the port to serve as the reference for the nodal clock of the Megaplex system.

This mode is recommended when the main link port is connected to a digital transmission network, e.g., the national network or a private carrier network, because this locks the timing reference of the Megaplex unit to the accurate timing source used by the network.

External Timing

In the external timing mode, the Megaplex nodal timing is synchronized to the receive signal supplied to one of the high-speed data modules installed in the unit. The desired channel is selected by the network management station or supervision terminal operator.

Station Clock

In the station clock mode, the Megaplex nodal timing is synchronized to the external clock signal supplied to the external clock interface located on the ML-8E1, ML-8T1 adapter cables.

Diagnostics

The ML-8E1, ML-8T1 module includes testing and diagnostic functions at the port and timeslot level that can be controlled by the operator using Megaplex system management:

• Local main link loopback (where the main link transmit signal is looped back to the input of the main link receive path).

• Remote main link loopback (toward the remote Megaplex).

Local and remote loopbacks can also be activated on individual timeslots.

For ML-8T1 ports, the testing capabilities also include network-activated local loopback (LLB), payload loopback (PLB) and CSU loopback (CSU).

The modules support the collection of performance diagnostics on ML-8E1 ports using the CRC-4 function, and in accordance with ANSI T1.403 for ML-8T1 ports. In addition, the M8T1 modules provide local support of ESF diagnostics in accordance with AT&T Pub 54016.

Note


ML-8E1, ML-8T1 MP-2100/2104 Ver. 12 4BTechnical Specifications 1-11

1.4 Technical Specifications

General Type of Links • ML-8E1 – 8 E1 ports

• ML-8T1 – 8 T1 ports

ML-8E1 Interface Type and Bit Rate E1, 2.048 Mbps

Line Interface • 4-wire, 120Ω balanced

• Coax, 75Ω unbalanced

Line Code HDB3

Standards Compliance ITU-T Rec. G.703, G704, G.732

Framing • Basic G.704 framing (G732N) with or without CRC-4 per ITU-T Rec. G.704

• Timeslot 16 multiframe (G732S), with or without CRC-4 per ITU-T Rec. G.704

Transmit Level • ±3V ±10%, balanced

• ±2.37V ±10%, unbalanced

Receive Level Software selectable:

• 0 through -10 dB for short haul mode

• 0 through -33 dB for long haul (LTU) mode

Jitter Performance Per ITU-T Rec. G.823

Surge Protection Per ITU-T Rec. K.21

ML-8T1 Interface Type and Bit Rate T1, 1.544 Mbps

Standards Compliance AT&T TR-62411, AT&T Pub 54016, ANSI T1.107, ANSI T1.403

Line Interface 4-wire, 100Ω balanced

Line Code Bipolar AMI

Zero Suppression • Transparent (no zero suppression)

• B7ZS

• B8ZS

Framing • SF (D4)

• ESF


1-12 4BTechnical Specifications ML-8E1, ML-8T1 MP-2100/2104 Ver. 12

Transmit Levels • DSU emulation: ±3V ±10%, software adjustable, measured at 0 through 655ft

• CSU mode: 0, -7.5, -15, -22.5 dB software-selectable LBOs

Receive Level Software selectable:

• 0 through 10 dB for short-haul (DSU) mode

• 0 through 34 dB for long-haul (CSU) mode

Jitter Performance Per AT&T TR-62411

Connector 44-pin D-type female for all ports. Adapter cables available from RAD

Diagnostics User-Controlled Port Loopbacks

• Local loopback on each module port

• Remote loopback on each module port

Network-Controlled Port Loopbacks (ML-8T1 Ports only)

• Network line loopback (LLB)

• Network payload loopback (PLB), available with ESF framing

• Network CSU loopback (CSU)

Timeslot Loopbacks • Local loopback

• Remote loopback

Timing Internal Oscillator ±30 ppm

Allowed Clock Range in Loopback, External, and Station Clock Modes

±50 ppm

External (Station) Clock

Interface 2048 kHz, ITU-T Rec. G.703 balanced (input and output)

Bit Rate • 1.544 Mbps (T1) (AMI)

• 2.048 Mbps (E1) (AMI)

Connectors Via adapter cables

Indicators Status Indicator per Link Dual-color indicator:

• Lights steadily in green when the port is connected and carries traffic

• Lights in red during local loss of synchronization or red alarm

• Off when not connected


ML-8E1, ML-8T1 MP-2100/2104 Ver. 12 4BTechnical Specifications 1-13

Clock indicator

• Lights steadily in green when station clock is selected and indicates a good signal

• Off when station clock port is not selected or there is loss of signal

Configuration Programmable via Megaplex management system


1-14 4BTechnical Specifications ML-8E1, ML-8T1 MP-2100/2104 Ver. 12

ML-8E1, ML-8T1 MP-2100/2104 Ver. 12 Connecting Cables to ML-8E1, ML-8T1 Modules 2-1

Chapter 2

Module Installation and Operation

This chapter provides installation and operation instructions for ML-8E1 and ML-8T1 modules.

The information presented in this chapter supplements the general Megaplex installation, configuration and operation instructions contained in the Megaplex Installation and Operation Manual.

2.1 Safety

Before performing any internal settings, adjustment, maintenance, or repairs, first disconnect all the cables from the module, and then remove the module from the Megaplex enclosure. No internal settings, adjustment, maintenance, and repairs may be performed by either the operator or the user; such activities may be performed only by a skilled technician who is aware of the hazards involved. Always observe standard safety precautions during installation, operation, and maintenance of this product.

The ML-8E1, ML-8T1 module contains components sensitive to electrostatic discharge (ESD). To prevent ESD damage, always hold the module by its sides, and do not touch the module components or connectors.

2.2 Installing the Module

Refer to the system installation plan and insert the module into the prescribed I/O slot of the Megaplex chassis.

The module starts operating as soon as it is plugged into an operating chassis. At this stage, ignore any alarm indications.

Warning

Caution

Chapter 2 Module Installation and Operation Installation and Operation Manual

2-2 Connecting Cables to ML-8E1, ML-8T1 Modules ML-8E1, ML-8T1 MP-2100/2104 Ver. 12

2.3 Connecting Cables to ML-8E1, ML-8T1 Modules

Connection Data

The ML-8E1, ML-8T1 ports are terminated in a 44-pin D-type female connector.

The functions of the port pins depend on the module type, ML-8E1 or ML-8T1.

For ML-8E1 modules, the module connector supports both the unbalanced and balanced interfaces. At any time, only one type of interface can be active (the interface selected by the user): balanced or unbalanced. For the ML-8T1 modules, the module connector supports only balanced interfaces. The following adaptor cables are available for the balanced interface:

• CBL-G703-8/RJ45/ST: this cable is used for connection of ML-8E1, ML-8T1 modules to balanced interface equipment with RJ-45 connector pinout “1,2 Rx – 4,5 Tx”

• CBL-G703-8/RJ45/ST/X: this cross-cable is used for connection of ML-8E1, ML-8T1 modules to balanced interface equipment with RJ-45 connector pinout “1,2 Tx – 4,5 Rx”

• CBL-G703-8/OPEN/ST: this cable is terminated in free leads that can be connected to any terminal block or connector appropriate for your application.

The unbalanced ML-8E1 interface requires a different adapter cable: CBL-G703-8/COAX. The station clock with unbalanced interface is not available in the current version.

The following sections describe the available adapter cables, and the functions of the 44-pin connector pins for each interface type.

CBL-G703-8/RJ45/ST Cable

The CBL-G703-8/RJ45/ST is a 2-meter long cable for ML-8T1 modules, and for ML-8E1 modules using the balanced interface.

Figure 2-1 shows the cable construction.

CBL-G703-8/RJ45/ST

Ch. 1

Ch. 2

Ch. 3

Ch. 4

Ch. 6

Ch. 7

Ch. 8

Ch. 5

ST-CLK Station Clock

Figure 2-1. CBL-G703-8/RJ45/ST Cable

Installation and Operation Manual Chapter 2 Module Installation and Operation


Table 2-1 presents the cable wiring and identifies the interface connector pin assignment.

Table 2-1. CBL-G703-8/RJ45/ST Cable Wiring

44-Pin Connector 44-Pin Connector

Channel RJ-45

Connector Pin Function

RJ-45

Connector

Pins

Channel RJ-45


RJ-45

Connector

Pins

31 RX Ring 1 37 RX Ring 1

17 RX Tip 2 23 RX Tip 2

16 TX Ring 4 22 TX Ring 4 1 CH-1

1 TX Tip 5

5 CH-5

7 TX Tip 5




3 TX Tip 5

6 CH-6

9 TX Tip 5




4 TX Tip 5

7 CH-7

10 TX Tip 5




6 TX Tip 5

8 CH-8

12 TX Tip 5

24 RX Ring 1

27 RX Tip 2

21 TX Ring 4 9 ST-CLK

18 TX Tip 5

CBL-G703-8/RJ45/ST/X Cable

The CBL-G703-8/RJ45/ST is a 2-meter long cable for ML-8T1 modules, and for ML-8E1 modules using the balanced interface.

Figure 2-1 shows the cable construction. Table 2-2 presents the cable wiring and identifies the interface connector pin assignment.



CBL-G703-8/RJ45/ST/X

Ch. 1

Ch. 2

Ch. 3

Ch. 4

Ch. 6

Ch. 7

Ch. 8

Ch. 5

ST-CLK Station Clock

Figure 2-2. CBL-G703-8/RJ45/ST/X Cable

Table 2-2. CBL-G703-8/RJ45/ST/X Cable Wiring

44-Pin Connector 44-Pin Connector

Channel RJ-45


RJ-45

Connector

Pins

Channel RJ-45


RJ-45

Connector

Pins




1 TX Tip 2

5 CH-5

7 TX Tip 2




3 TX Tip 2

6 CH-6

9 TX Tip 2




4 TX Tip 2

7 CH-7

10 TX Tip 2




6 TX Tip 2

8 CH-8

12 TX Tip 2

24 RX Ring 4

27 RX Tip 5

21 TX Ring 1

Station Clock ST-CLK

18 TX Tip 2

CBL-G703-8/OPEN/ST Cable

CBL-G703-8/OPEN/ST cable is 2m-long cable for ML-8T1 and ML-8E1 modules using the balanced interface, terminated in free leads that can be connected to any terminal block or connector appropriate for your application.



Figure 2-3 shows the cable construction. Table 2-3 presents the cable wiring and identifies the pair functions.

CBL-G703-8/OPEN/ST

Figure 2-3. CBL-G703-8/OPEN/ST Cable

Table 2-3. CBL-G703-8/OPEN/ST Cable Wiring

44-Pin Connector 44-Pin Connector Channel

Pin Function Pair Color Channel

Pin Function Pair Color

31 Rx Ring White 37 Rx Ring White

17 Rx Tip Blue 23 Rx Tip Brown/Blue

1 Tx Tip Orange 7 Tx Tip Grey/Blue 1

16 Tx Ring White

5

22 Tx Ring White


32 Rx Tip Green 39 Rx Tip White/Orange

3 Tx Tip Brown 9 Tx Tip Orange/Green 2

2 Tx Ring White

6

8 Tx Ring White


20 Rx Tip Grey 26 Rx Tip Orange/Brown

4 Tx Tip White/Blue 10 Tx Tip Grey/Orange 3

19 Tx Ring White

7

25 Tx Ring White


36 Rx Tip Orange/Blue 42 Rx Tip White/Green

6 Tx Tip Green/Blue 12 Tx Tip Green/Brown 4

5 Tx Ring White

8

11 Tx Ring White

24 RX Ring White 15 Cable Type White

27 RX Tip Blue

Cable Type Indication 30 GND Green

21 TX Ring White 9 (ST-CLK)

18 TX Tip Orange

CBL-G703-8/COAX Cable

CBL-G703-8/COAX is a 2-meter long cable for ML-8E1 modules using the unbalanced E1 interface. Figure 2-4 shows the cable construction.



RX

TXCh. 8

RX

TXCh. 7

RX

TXCh. 3

RX

TXCh. 2

RX

TXCh. 1

CBL-G703-8/COAX

Figure 2-4. CBL-G703-8/COAX Cable

Table 2-4 presents the cable wiring and identifies the interface connector pin assignment. As listed in the table, in this cable pin 15 (cable type sensing) is wired to pin 30 (frame ground): this enables the ML-8E1 module to differentiate between the connection of this cable and the connection of the CBL-G703-8/RJ45 cable.

44-Pin Connector 44-Pin Connector Table 2-

4. CBL-

G703-

8/COAX

Cable

WiringC

hannel

Function

Pin Function

BNC

Contact

Channel Function

Pin Function

BNC

Contact

31 Ring 37 Ring Shield

29 Frame Ground Shield

29 Frame Ground RX

17 Tip Center

RX

23 Tip Center

1 Tip Center 7 Tip Center

16 Ring 22 Ring

1

TX


5

TX




44 Frame Ground RX

32 Tip Center

RX

39 Tip Center


2 Ring 8 Ring

2

TX


6

TX




29 Frame Ground RX

20 Tip Center

RX

26 Tip Center


19 Ring 25 Ring

3

TX


7

TX




44 Frame Ground RX

36 Tip Center

RX

42 Tip Center


5 Ring 11 Ring

4

TX


8

TX




Cable Type Sensing 15 Sense Input –

Signal Ground 30 Ground –

Frame Ground 44 Cable Shield –

Connecting Cables to the Module Ports

Using the site installation plan, identify the cable intended for connection to the ML-8E1 or ML-8T1 connector, and connect the cable to the module connector as explained below.

To connect the CBL-G703-8/RJ45/ST and CBL-G703-8/RJ45/ST/X cables:

1. Connect the 44-pin connector of the cable to the ML-8E1 or ML-8T1 front panel connector.

2. Connect the RJ-45 plug of each port interface (the plugs are marked CH-1 to CH-8) to the prescribed user’s equipment or patch panel connector. Insulate unused connectors, to prevent accidental short-circuiting of their exposed contacts to metallic surfaces.

3. If necessary, connect the RJ-45 plug labeled STATION CLOCK to the external clock source or patch panel connector.

To connect the CBL-G703-8/OPEN/ST cable:

1. Connect the free cable ends in accordance with the prescribed termination method.

2. When done, connect the 44-pin male connector of the cable to the ML-8E1, ML-8T1 front panel connector.

To connect the CBL-G703-8/COAX cable:

1. Connect the 44-pin male connector of the cable to the ML-8E1 front panel connector.

2. Connect the BNC plugs of each port interface (the plugs are marked with the number of the port) to the prescribed user’s equipment or patch panel connectors. Pay attention to correct connection:

TX connector: serves as the transmit output of the port

RX connector: serves as the receive input of the port.


2-8 Normal Indications ML-8E1, ML-8T1 MP-2100/2104 Ver. 12

2.4 Normal Indications

The status of each ML-8E1, ML-8T1 link is indicated by a separate indicator.

During normal operation, after communication with the remote equipment is established, the port indicators of the ML-8E1, ML-8T1 module must light steadily in green.

If the other communication equipment on the link is not yet operative, the port indicator will light in red. The indicator must turn green (or flash in green) as soon as the link with the remote equipment is established.

The indicators of ports not configured as connected are off.

ML-8E1, ML-8T1 MP-2100/2104 Ver. 12 ML-8E1, ML-8T1 Configuration Sequence 3-1

Chapter 3

Configuration

3.1 Introduction

This chapter provides specific configuration information for the ML-8E1, ML-8T1 module.

The configuration activities are performed by means of the management system used to control the Megaplex-2100 unit. The instructions appearing in this chapter assume that you are familiar with the management system being used:

• Supervision terminal or Telnet. Refer to the Megaplex-2100/2104 Installation and Operation Manual for instructions.

• Network management system, e.g., the RADview network management system (refer to the RADview User's Manual for instructions).

For general instructions, additional configuration procedures, and background information, refer to the Megaplex-2100/2104 Installation and Operation Manual.

3.2 ML-8E1, ML-8T1 Configuration Sequence

To configure an ML-8E1, ML-8T1 module and put it into service:

1. Configure the desired external port using the command: DEF CH SS CC, where SS is the slot number, and CC is the port number (1 to 8). You can also configure all the ports at once using the command DEF CH SS *.

2. When necessary, modify the system timing reference using the DEF SYS command.

3. Configure timeslot utilization for each module port using the DEF TS and DEF SPLIT TS commands.

Before configuring the module, it is necessary to define the appropriate signaling profiles, using the DEF PROFILE command.

Make sure to plan ahead the configuration sequence, because Megaplex-2100 databases can be updated only after correctly completing the configuration activities: any sanity error will prevent saving the changes to the database being modified. For example, a common cause of sanity errors that may prevent updating the database is that timeslots need to be assigned to ports of other modules that will be served to the ML-8E1, ML-8T1 ports.

Note

Note

Chapter 3 Configuration Installation and Operation Manual

3-2 Configuring ML-8E1 Port Parameters ML-8E1, ML-8T1 MP-2100/2104 Ver. 12

3.3 Configuring ML-8E1 Port Parameters

Table 3-1 lists the ML-8E1 port parameters.

Table 3-1. ML-8E1 Port Parameters

Parameter Function Values

Connect Determines whether the E1 port is

connected to an internal bus

YES E1 port is connected.

NO E1 port is disconnected. You can still configure

the E1 port, so that it will operate when needed.

Default: NO

Frame Selects the port framing mode.

It is recommended to select a

framing mode that supports CRC-4.

This enables the collection of

performance monitoring data

G.732N – The port handles the traffic as a basic G.704

framed signal, with the CRC-4 option disabled. The port

terminates the E1 overhead.

G.732N-CRC4 – The port handles the traffic as a basic

G.704 framed signal, with the CRC-4 option enabled.

The port terminates the E1 overhead.

G.732S – The port handles the traffic as a G.704

framed signal with multiframe structure based on

timeslot 16, with the CRC-4 option disabled. The port


G.732S-CRC4 – The port handles the traffic as a G.704

framed signal with multiframe structure based on

timeslot 16, with the CRC-4 option enabled. The port


Default: G.732S

Sig. Profile Selects the signaling profile that

specifies the interpretation of the

signaling information transmitted

and received by the corresponding

link.

The number of the profile appears

in brackets, after the optional

profile name.

The signaling profiles and their

names are defined by means of the

DEF PROFILE command

The available range is 1 through 5.

Default: 1

Line

Impedance

Selects the interface type and the

line Impedance.

All the module ports use the same

interface type (the last selection

before database updating is

retained and applied to all the

ports)

120 Ohm BALANCED – balanced interface. Use the

CBL-G703-8/RJ45/ST adapter cable.

75 ohm UNBALANCED – unbalanced interface. Use the

CBL-G703-8/COAX/ST adapter cable.

Default: 120 Ohm BALANCED

Installation and Operation Manual Chapter 3 Configuration

ML-8E1, ML-8T1 MP-2100/2104 Ver. 12 Configuring ML-8E1 Port Parameters 3-3


Idle Code Selects the code transmitted to fill

idle (unused) timeslots in the

frames transmitted through this

port

The available selections are 00 to FF (hexa).

Do not select 00, 08, 10, 12, 21, 24, 42, 49, 84, or 92

as the idle code.

Default: FF

Redundancy Controls the use of port

redundancy - reserved for future

versions

N/A

Rx Gain Determines the maximum

attenuation of the receive signal

that can be compensated for by

the port receive path, to obtain the

BER performance required by the

standards

SHORT HAUL – Maximum allowable attenuation of 10dB,

relative to the nominal transmit level.

The lower attenuation may actually improve the

performance when operating over relatively short line

sections, especially when operating over multi-pair

cables in which significant interference is generated by

the signals carried by other pairs.

LONG HAUL – Maximum allowable attenuation of 33 dB,

relative to the nominal transmit level.

Default: SHORT HAUL

Voice OOS Selects the code transmitted during

out-of-service periods on the

timeslots defined as voice timeslots


Default: 00

Data OOS Selects the code transmitted by the

port during out-of-service periods

on the timeslots defined as data

timeslots


Default: 00

OOS Signaling

Determines the state of the

signaling bits during out-of-service

periods.

This parameter is displayed only

after selecting G.732S framing

FORCED IDLE – The signaling bits are forced to the idle

state during out-of-service periods.

FORCED BUSY – The signaling bits are forced to the busy

state during out-of-service periods.

BUSY IDLE – The signaling bits are forced to the busy

state for 2.5 seconds, then switch to the idle state until

the out-of-service condition disappears.

IDLE BUSY – The signaling bits are forced to the idle

state for 2.5 seconds, then switch to the busy state

until the out-of-service condition disappears.

Default: FORCED IDLE

Restoration

Time

Used to change the frame

synchronization algorithm, to

reduce the time required for the

port to return to normal operation

after local loss of synchronization

1 SECOND (FAST) – After 1 second.

10 SECONDS (62411) – Similar to the requirements of

AT&T TR-62411 (after 10 seconds).

CCITT – Complies with ITU-T Rec. G.732.

Default: CCITT


3-4 Configuring ML-8E1 Port Parameters ML-8E1, ML-8T1 MP-2100/2104 Ver. 12


Inband

Management

Controls the transfer of inband

management traffic through this

port.

OFF – The transfer of management traffic is disabled.

DEDICATE PPP – The transfer of management traffic is

enabled. The management traffic is transferred in a

dedicated timeslot, using synchronous PPP over HDLC

encapsulation.

DEDICATE FR – The transfer of management traffic is

enabled. The management traffic is transferred in a

dedicated timeslot, using Frame Relay encapsulation

(under DLCI 100) in accordance with RFC 2427.

Default: OFF

Routing

Protocol

When the transfer of inband

management traffic is enabled,

controls the transmission of RIP2

routing tables.

Transmitting these tables enables

other equipment to use the RIP2

routing protocol for management

traffic carried through this port.

This parameter is not displayed

when Inband Management is OFF

NONE – Routing of management traffic is not

supported.

PROPRIETY RIP – Management traffic is routed using

RAD proprietary routing protocol.

RIP2 – In addition to the RAD proprietary routing

protocol, RIP2 routing is also supported.

PROP RIP NO NMS TX – Same as RIP2, but the routing

tables transmitted through this port do not include

information on the network management stations

(NMS) learned by the Megaplex-2100.

Default: NONE


ML-8E1, ML-8T1 MP-2100/2104 Ver. 12 Configuring ML-8T1 Port Parameters 3-5

3.4 Configuring ML-8T1 Port Parameters

Table 3-2 lists the ML-8T1 port parameters.

Table 3-2. ML-8T1 Physical Port Parameters


Connect See Table 3-1

Frame Determines the framing mode for

this port

SF (D4) – The port handles the traffic as an SF framed

signal with robbed bit signaling (12 frames per

multiframe).

ESF – The port handles the traffic as an ESF framed

signal with robbed bit signaling (24 frames per

multiframe).

Default: ESF

Sig. Profile See Table 3-1 The available range is 1 through 5.

Default: 1

Idle Code Selects the code transmitted to fill

idle (unused) timeslots in the

frames transmitted through this

port

The available selections are 40 to 7F and C0 to FF

(hexa).

Do not select 00, 08, 10, 12, 21, 24, 42, 49, 84, or 92

as the idle code.

Default: 7F

Redundancy See Table 3-1

FDL Type Controls the operating mode of

the FDL.

This option can be selected only

when the framing mode is ESF,

otherwise this field shows N/A,

and cannot be changed

RESPONSE The Megaplex only answers commands

received through the FDL, and thus

does not initiate FDL traffic.

COMMAND The Megaplex can initiate polling by

sending commands through the FDL.

NONE FDL is ignored.

Default: RESPONSE

Line Code Determines the line code used by

the port, and the zero suppression

method

TRANSPARENT – Transparent (AMI) coding. No

processing for zero suppression.

B7 – AMI line code with B7ZS coding for zero

suppression.

B8ZS – AMI line code with B8ZS coding for zero

suppression. This selection provides clear channel

capability.

Default: B8ZS

Interface Selects the port interface

characteristics

CSU – The port provides a CSU interface.

DSU – The port provides a DSU interface.

Default: CSU


3-6 Configuring ML-8T1 Port Parameters ML-8E1, ML-8T1 MP-2100/2104 Ver. 12


Attenuation

(CSU)

Length (DSU)

Attenuation (CSU)

Determines the relative output

transmit level of the port (see

Note). The transmit level must be

adjusted to ensure reliable

operation of the network

The following selections are available in the CSU mode:

0 dB — No attenuation.

7.5 dB — Attenuation of 7.5 dB relative to the nominal

transmit level.

15 dB — Attenuation of 15 dB relative to the nominal

transmit level.

22.5 dB — Attenuation of 22.5 dB relative to the

nominal transmit level.

Default: 0 dB

Note:This adjustment is used to minimize the interference caused by your transmit signal to other users that transmit their signals on other pairs of the same cable. The required setting depends mainly on the length of the cable that connects between the T1 port and the first repeater down the line.

Repeaters are usually located every mile, and therefore, they are designed to optimally

handle signals attenuated by one mile length of cable. If the T1 port were closer, the

repeater would receive your signal at a higher level. This will not significantly improve the

handling of your signal, but will certainly increase the interference coupled from your pair to

repeaters that serve other pairs in the cable. To prevent this, you can select an attenuation

value that will bring your signal level closer to the expected repeater signal level. This is

achieved by connecting, as required, one, two, or three artificial line sections in series with

your T1 transmit signal. Each line section introduces a nominal attenuation of 7.5 dB

(equivalent to the attenuation of approximately 1000 feet of cable). Your system

administrator or data carrier will tell you the proper setting for each port.

Attenuation

(CSU)

Length (DSU)

Length (DSU)

Controls the line transmit signal

characteristics of the port.

The transmit signal mask is

selected in accordance with the

transmit line length, to meet

DSX-1 requirements, as specified

by AT&T CB-119

The following selections are available in the DSU mode:

• 000 to 133 FEET

• 133 to 266 FEET

• 266 to 399 FEET

• 399 to 533 FEET

• 533 to 655 FEET

Select the value corresponding to the length of the

cable (in feet) connected between the port connector

and the network access point

Default: 000 to 133 FEET

Voice OOS See Table 3-1

Data OOS See Table 3-1

OOS Signaling See Table 3-1

Restoration

Time

Used to change the frame

synchronization algorithm, to

reduce the time required for the

port to return to normal operation

after local loss of synchronization

1 SECOND (FAST) – After 1 second.

10 SECONDS (62411) – Similar to the requirements of

AT&T TR-62411 (after 10 seconds).

Default: 10 SECONDS (62411)

Inband

Management

See Table 3-1


ML-8E1, ML-8T1 MP-2100/2104 Ver. 12 Configuring ML-8T1 Port Parameters 3-7


Routing

Protocol

See Table 3-1

Selecting the System Timing Source

The ML-8E1, ML-8T1 modules can be used to provide the system timing reference, either by selecting one of their ports as timing reference, or by selecting the station clock port as timing reference.

The system timing source is selected using the DEF SYS command.

To select a ML-8E1, ML-8T1 module port as timing reference:

1. The first row of the timing source selection part contains the master and fallback clock source selection fields.

2. In the Mode row, select RX CLOCK or INTERNAL under the Master and Fallback columns, in accordance with the prescribed timing source.

3. If INTERNAL has been selected for both the Master and Fallback columns, pressing <Enter> finishes the command.

However, if RX CLOCK is selected in at least one of these columns, pressing <Enter> displays the new row, used to select the I/O slot of the module which provides the timing reference signal.

4. Select the I/O slot of a ML module connected to the link providing the timing reference, and then select, in the Ch row, the number of the desired external port, EX1 to EX8.

A typical display, as seen after making the desired selections, is shown below.

Master Fallback

Mode: RX CLOCK INTERNAL

Slot: IO-1 N/A

Ch : EX1 N/A

5. To finish, press <Enter>.

To use the station clock source:

1. Perform Steps 1, 2 described above.

2. To use the external (station) clock source, select the I/O slot of the ML module to which the station clock is connected, and then select, in the Ch row, the number of the external clock port, EX9.

3. You can select as fallback source the station clock connected to another ML module. For example, you can connect the clock signals provided by an SDH add/drop multiplexer (ADM), which are derived from the SDH network timing, as timing references, as shown in Figure 3-1. The application shown in this figure combines chaining with the use of redundant clock sources.


3-8 Displaying Module Status Information ML-8E1, ML-8T1 MP-2100/2104 Ver. 12

Megaplex 1

Clock 1Clock 2

Megaplex 2

CO N T R OL-DC E

C ON T R O L D T E

A L A R M

MA J MIN

O N T ST

M CL -2

C ON T R O L-D CE

C O NT RO L D T E

A LA R M

MA J MI N

O N T ST

M CL -2

CO NTRO L- DC E

CO NT RO L DT E

A L A RM

MA J MIN

ON TS T

M C L - 2

CO N T R OL-DC E

CO N T R OL DT E

A L A R M

MA J MIN

O N T ST

M CL -2

Master FallbackMode: RX CLOCK RX CLOCKSlot: IO-3 IO-4Ch : EX3 EX3

Master FallbackMode: RX CLOCK RX CLOCKSlot: IO-3 IO-4Ch : EX3 EX3

SDH/SONETNetwork

ADM

Figure 3-1. Using the Station Clock as Nodal Timing Reference

A typical display, as seen after making the desired selections, is shown below.

Master Fallback

Mode: RX CLOCK RX CLOCK

Slot: IO-3 IO-4

Ch : EX3 EX3

4. To finish, press <Enter>.

3.5 Assigning Timeslots

After performing the configuration of the individual module channels it is necessary to assign main link timeslots to each connected channel.

• When using the regular (BI-DIR) or the UNI-BRD TX mode, timeslot assignment is performed using the following commands:

Use the DEF TS SS:CC command to assign full timeslots.

Use the DEF SPLIT TS SS:CC:TS command to assign a fraction of a timeslot.

• When using the UNI-BRD RX mode, timeslot assignment for the receive direction is made using the dedicated routing fields of the DEF CH command.

The timeslot assignment for both modes is explained in the Megaplex-2100/2104 Installation and Operation Manual.

3.6 Displaying Module Status Information

You can read the type of interface and the configuration parameters of the ML-8E1, ML-8T1 module using the DSP ST CH SS command. For a general description of this command, refer to Appendix F of the Megaplex-2100/2104 Installation and Operation Manual.


ML-8E1, ML-8T1 MP-2100/2104 Ver. 12 Displaying Module Status Information 3-9

After entering the DSP ST CH SS command, you will see the first section of the module status data form. This section displays the interface type for each module interface, where EX1 to EX8 stand for the E1/T1 link interfaces and EX3 stands for the station clock interface. A typical screen for ML-8E1 is shown below:

Hardware Config/Status Port EX9: STATION BALANCED Port EX1: LINK BALANCED Port EX2: LINK UNBALANCED Port EX3: LINK BALANCED Port EX4: LINK UNBALANCED Port EX5: LINK BALANCED Port EX6: LINK UNBALANCED Port EX7: LINK BALANCED Port EX8: LINK BALANCED

After this section is displayed, press <Enter> to display the other port configuration and status data. For a description of the displayed parameters, refer to Table 3-1 and Table 3-2.


3-10 Displaying Module Status Information ML-8E1, ML-8T1 MP-2100/2104 Ver. 12

ML-8E1, ML-8T1 MP-2100/2104 Ver. 12 Diagnostics 4-1

Chapter 4

Troubleshooting and Diagnostics

4.1 Overview

This chapter explains the specific diagnostic functions of the ML-8E1, ML-8T1 modules. The chapter also includes troubleshooting instructions.

The alarm messages generated by the ML-8E1, ML-8T1 modules are explained in the Megaplex-2100/2104 Installation and Operation Manual.

The diagnostic information presented in this chapter supplements the general Megaplex diagnostics instructions contained in the Megaplex-2100/2104 Installation and Operation Manual.

If you need additional support for this product, see Section 4.4 for technical support information.

4.2 Diagnostics

The ML-8E1, ML-8T1 modules support test and loopback functions at the following levels:

• Port level. The port diagnostic functions include:

User-controlled loopbacks:

Local loopback: this loopback returns the port transmit signal to the input of the port receive path

Remote loopback: this loopback returns the port receive signal toward the remote Megaplex

Network-controlled loopbacks (only for ML-8T1 ports):

Network line loopback (LLB)

Network payload loopback (PLB)

Network CSU loopback (CSU).

• Timeslot level. The diagnostic capabilities at the individual timeslot level include the following test and loopbacks:

Local loopback per timeslot

Chapter 4 Troubleshooting and Diagnostics Installation and Operation Manual

4-2 Diagnostics ML-8E1, ML-8T1 MP-2100/2104 Ver. 12

Remote loopback per timeslot.

The following sections explain each test and loopback supported by ML-8E1, ML-8T1 modules.

Note that the activation of a loopback disconnects the local and remote equipment served by the ML-8E1, ML-8T1. Therefore, when you initiate a loopback, you have the option to limit its duration to a selectable interval in the range of 1 through 30 minutes. After the selected interval expires, the loopback is automatically deactivated, without operator intervention. However, you can always deactivate a loopback activated on the local Megaplex before this time-out expires.

When using inband management, always use the time-out option; otherwise, the management communication path may be permanently disconnected.

The connection of a loopback on the master (active) link of a redundant pair may cause the activation (flipping) of an alternative database. To prevent database flipping, you must configure the duration of the loopback to be shorter than the out-of-service delay defined for the corresponding link fail event.

User-Controlled Port Loopbacks

Local Port Loopback

The local port loopback is used to test the path of the signals intended for transmission through a selected ML-8E1, ML-8T1 port: this path starts at the other port(s) within the same Megaplex chassis that are connected to the selected port, passes through the CL module, and continues up to the port line interface. Within the tested ML-8E1, ML-8T1 module, the path includes most of the line interface circuits serving the selected port, and the operation of the routing circuits that handle the port signals within the module.

The local port loopback signal path is shown in Figure 4-1.

Megaplex-2100

Other PortInterface

BusInterface

.....

Port 8

Port 1

ML-8E1 or ML-8T1 1" "

.......

Figure 4-1. Local Port Loopback Signal Path

As shown in Figure 4-1, when a local loopback is activated on an ML-8E1, ML-8T1 port, the port transmit signal is returned to the input of the same port receive path at a point just before the line interface. The local port must receive its own signal, and thus it must be frame-synchronized. In addition, each I/O module connected to the corresponding port must also receive its own signal: in general,

Caution

Installation and Operation Manual Chapter 4 Troubleshooting and Diagnostics


the result is that these modules are synchronized and do not generate alarm indications.

Note however that there are modules that cannot receive their own signal, for example modules with Ethernet interfaces: these module do enter an alarm state while a local loopback is activated.

To provide a keep-alive signal to the transmission equipment serving the link under test while the loopback is activated, the port line interface transmits an unframed “all-ones” signal (AIS) to the line. AIS reception will cause the remote equipment to lose frame synchronization while the loopback is connected. This is normal and does not necessarily indicate a fault.

Remote Port Loopback

The remote port loopback is used to test the line interface circuits of a selected ML-8E1, ML-8T1 external port. This test also checks the transmission plant connecting the remote equipment to the corresponding port of the ML-8E1, ML-8T1 module.

The remote port loopback signal path is shown in Figure 4-2.

When a remote loopback is activated on one of the ML-8E1, ML-8T1 ports, that port returns the received signal to the remote unit, via the transmit path. The received signal remains connected as usual to the receive path of the corresponding port. To correct transmission distortions, the returned signal is regenerated by the corresponding line interface circuits.

The remote loopback should be activated only after checking that the remote unit operates normally with the local port loopback. In this case, the remote unit must receive its own signal, and thus it must be frame-synchronized. The effect on the individual modules is mixed, as explained above for the local loopback.

If the local Megaplex unit operates normally with the local port loopback, then while the remote loopback is connected the local unit should receive a valid signal, and thus it must be frame-synchronized.

The remote port loopback should be activated at only one of the two Megaplex connected in a link, otherwise an unstable situation occurs.

The remote port loopback signal path is shown in Figure 4-2.

Megaplex

Other PortInterface

BusInterface

.....

Port 8

Port 1

ML-8E1 or ML-8T1

.......

Figure 4-2. Remote Port Loopback Signal Path



Network-Controlled Port Loopbacks (ML-8T1 Ports only)

ML-8T1 ports support the following types of network-controlled loopbacks:

• Network line loopback (LLB).

• Network payload loopback (PLB).

• Network controlled CSU loopback (CSU).

The LLB and RLB loopbacks are activated by means of the FDL, and therefore are supported only in the ESF framing mode. The CSU loopback is supported in both the SF (D4) and ESF framing modes.

Network-Activated LLB

The network line loopback is a remote loopback activated on a port interface after receiving the appropriate activation code from the network. The loopback is activated within the analog line interface (LIU); the returned signal is regenerated to correct transmission distortions.

The loopback returns the received signal through the transmit path, and after being activated it remains connected and transfers transparently the received signals until the deactivation code is detected. This enables the network operator to perform transmission tests on the line.

The loopback signal paths are shown in Figure 4-3. While the loopback is activated, the transmit path of the port is disconnected from the internal module circuits at the loopback point.

The loopback can only be activated when ESF framing is used. The activation and the deactivation are performed by commands transmitted through the FDL.

Megaplex

Other PortInterface

BusInterface

.....

Port 8

Port 1

ML-8T1

.......

T1Network

Figure 4-3. Network Activated Line Loopback (LLB), Signal Paths

Network-Activated PLB

The network payload loopback is a remote loopback activated on a port interface after receiving the appropriate activation code from the network. The loopback is activated within the framer of the port interface, and therefore the received signal is demultiplexed and then rebuilt before being returned toward the line. As a result, this loopback tests all the circuits that handle the T1 signal.

The loopback returns the received signal through the transmit path, and after being activated it remains connected until the deactivation code is detected.



Loopback signal paths are shown in Figure 4-4. While the loopback is activated, the transmit path of the port is disconnected from the internal module circuits at the loopback point.

The loopback can only be activated when ESF framing is used. The activation and the deactivation are performed by commands transmitted through the FDL.

Megaplex

Other PortInterface

BusInterface

.....

Port 8

Port 1

ML-8T1

.......

T1Network

Figure 4-4. Network Activated Payload Loopback (PLB), Signal Paths

Network-Activated CSU Loopback

The network CSU loopback is similar to the network-activated loopback described above (see Figure 4-3 for signal paths) but its activation/deactivation are performed by codes that are are detected by the framer, and therefore it can be be used in both the SF (D4) and ESF framing mode.

Loopbacks on Timeslots

Local Loopback on Selected Port Timeslots

The local loopback on timeslots of a ML-8E1, ML-8T1 port is used to return the transmit payload carried by selected timeslots of the tested port through the same timeslots of the receive path. The timeslots looped back remain connected to the transmit path of the port, but the corresponding timeslots received from the remote end are disconnected.

This test is recommended for testing signal paths between an I/O port of another module, which needs only a fraction of the available bandwidth, and the ML-8E1, ML-8T1 port.

The loopback is activated within the ML-8E1, ML-8T1 routing matrix, and only on the timeslots specified by the user during the activation of the loopback. As a result, there is no disturbance to services provided by means of the other timeslots of the same port: only the flow of payload carried by the specified timeslots is disrupted.

The signal paths for a local loopback on timeslots are shown in Figure 4-5.

You can activate the loopback on any individual timeslot, or on several arbitrarily selected timeslots.

When the loopback is activated on timeslots of a port which is part of a redundancy pair, the CL module automatically activates the loopback on the same timeslots of the other port of the pair.



This convenience feature is also available for loopback deactivation: the deactivation command can be issued to either one of the ports of the redundancy pair (even if it has been activated by a command to the other port).

Megaplex

Other PortInterface

BusInterface

.....

Port 8

Port 1

ML-8E1 or ML-8T1

.......

RM

Legend:RM - Routing Matrix

RM

Figure 4-5. Local Loopback on Selected Port Timeslots, Signal Paths

Remote Loopback on Selected Port Timeslots

The remote loopback on timeslots of a ML-8E1, ML-8T1 port is used to return the receive payload carried by selected timeslots of the tested port through the same timeslots of the transmit path. The corresponding timeslots received from the local equipment are disconnected.

This test is recommended for testing signal paths from a remote equipment unit, through the selected timeslots of the ML-8E1, ML-8T1 port, to an I/O port of another module, which needs only a fraction of the available bandwidth, and the ML-8E1, ML-8T1 port.

The loopback is activated within the ML-8E1, ML-8T1 routing matrix, and only on the timeslots specified by the user during the activation of the loopback. As a result, there is no disturbance to services provided by means of the other timeslots of the same port: only the flow of payload carried by the specified timeslots is disrupted.

The signal paths for a local loopback on timeslots are shown in Figure 4-6.

The other features related to loopback activation/deactivation described above for the local loopback on timeslots are also applicable to the remote loopback.


ML-8E1, ML-8T1 MP-2100/2104 Ver. 12 Troubleshooting Instructions 4-7

Megaplex

Other PortInterface

BusInterface

.....

Port 8

Port 1

ML-8E1, ML-8T1CL

.......

RM

Legend:RM - Routing Matrix

RM

Figure 4-6. Remote Loopback on Selected Port Timeslots, Signal Paths

4.3 Troubleshooting Instructions

In case a problem occurs, check the displayed alarm messages and refer to the Megaplex-2100/2104 Installation and Operation Manual for their interpretation.

If the problem is detected the first time the module is put into operation, perform the following preliminary checks before proceeding:

• Check for proper module installation and correct cable connections, in accordance with the system installation plan.

• Check the module configuration parameters in accordance with the specific application requirements, as provided by the system administrator.

• If the Megaplex nodal clock is to be locked to the clock recovered from one of the ports of the ML-8E1, ML-8T1 module, make sure a suitable fallback clock source is configured and provides a good clock signal.

If after collecting all the relevant information, the problem appears to be related to the operation of one of the ML-8E1, ML-8T1 ports, perform the actions listed below, until the problem is corrected:

• Make sure that no test has been activated on the corresponding ML-8E1, ML-8T1 port. Use the Megaplex management system to find the active test or loopback and deactivate it.

Note


4-8 Technical Support ML-8E1, ML-8T1 MP-2100/2104 Ver. 12

• Activate the local loopback on the corresponding port. If the indicator of the corresponding local port lights in green while the loop is connected, the problem is external. Check cable connections, and the transmission equipment providing the link to the remote unit.

• You can rapidly check the link to the remote Megaplex unit by activating the remote port loopback at the remote unit. If the link operates OK, the indicator of the corresponding local port lights in green.

If the test fails, there is a problem with the transmission through the network, or with the ML-8E1, ML-8T1 modules. Repeat the test after carefully checking all the configuration parameters of the module and its ports. If the problem persists, replace the module and check again.

4.4 Technical Support

Technical support for this product can be obtained from the local distributor from whom it was purchased.

For further information, please contact the RAD distributor nearest you or one of RAD's offices worldwide. This information can be found at www.rad.com (offices – About RAD > Worldwide Offices; distributors – Where to Buy > End Users).

http://www.rad.com/

24 Raoul Wallenberg Street, Tel Aviv 69719, Israel

Tel: +972-3-6458181, Fax +972-3-6483331, +972-3-6498250

E-mail: [email protected], Web site: http://www.rad.com

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Publication Number: 764-242-05/08

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