8:00-8:15 IntroductionStuart Simmons8:15-10:00 Geology/Mineralogy Joe Moore10:00-10:30 Coffee 10:30-11:45 Fluid Chemistry Stuart Simmons11:45-12:30 ReservoirsRick Allis

Rick Allis, Joe Moore & Stuart Simmons

rickallis@utah.gov, jmoore@egi.utah.edu, ssimmons@egi.utah.edu

Geoscience Basics of Geothermal Energy

Physical: Heat & mass transfer

Temperature-pressure gradients

Permeability-porosity

Hydrology & fluid flow

Chemical: Fluid compositions

Fluid-mineral equilibria

Mineral corrosion/deposition

Hydrothermal alteration

GE

OL

OG

Y

Geoscience of Geothermal Energy

Geothermal Resources

Geothermal Resources

Wairakei 2010~235 MW capacity1729 GWh of net generation54.6 million tonnes geothermal fluid60.8 petajoules thermal>90% load factor>50 years of production

Power Cycles & Electricity Generation

liquid-dominatedreservoir

vapor-dominatedreservoir

liquid-dominatedreservoir

condensing turbines binary plant

Gra

ph

ics:

Du

ffie

ld &

Sa

ss,

20

03

>200° C ~240° C <200° C

Geothermal Power

MWth= m × (Hreservoir-H75°C)

Wa

irake

i Pro

du

ction

extensional fault

volcano-intrusion

rese

rvoi

rs <

3 k

m d

epth

Geothermal Systems: Stored vs Flowing

liquid-dominated (100-300°C) vapor-dominated (220-250°C)

enthalpy kJ/kg

1000 2000 3000

sedimentary basin

reservoir

reservoir

reservoir

reservoir