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Lecture 14 Content
Orientation in analytical plotters
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Orientation in analytical plotters– No mechanical motions are needed– Inner, relative, and absolute orientations are
performed computationally – Only the appropriate measurements have to be
completed prior to computations– Orientations are performed quicker and more
precise than in the case of analogue stereoplotters
– Analytical plotters require image coordinates of the fudicial marks, camera calibration report, ground control points
– Least squares computations is done using the colinearity and coplanarity conditions to generate the stereo model
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ANALYTICAL PLOTTERS– Development possible with advances in
computers, digital encoders and servosystems– Use exact mathematical calculations to define
stereomodel– Capabilities
Precisely measure x and y photo coordinates on both photos of a stereopair
Accurately move to defined x and y photo locations
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Wild BC-1Wild BC-1
Zeiss P-3Zeiss P-3
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ADVANTAGES OF AP No optical or mechanical limitations in forming models• Great versatility• Can handle vertical, tilted, low oblique,
convergent, high oblique, panoramic, terrestrial images, and satellite images
Accommodate photography from any focal length camera
Provide superior results than analog plottersOptical and mechanical errors are not introduced
Can correct for any combination of systematic errors
Take advantage of redundant observations and incorporate into least squares solution
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Root Mean Square Error (RMSE)Root Mean Square Error (RMSE)Indication of accuracy of transformationIndication of accuracy of transformation
GCP coordinates transformed
into new coordinate
systemPoints can then be RE-transformed
into old coordinate
system
RMS Error
X residual
Y residual
Retransformed GCP
Source GCP
RMS value in what units?PIXELS of original image
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SOFTCOPY PLOTTERS– Similar to analytical plotters
Rely on digital imagery
Less expensive and more versatile than analytical plotters
Essential component – computer with high resolution graphics display– Must be capable of displaying both photos
simultaneously
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– Present day analytical plotters are compact and are typically high end workstations
– At the Geomatics Program (TU) use is made of Imagine software that is available on desktop PCs, and Dat\EM workstation which is executed on a dedicated dual processor high end PC which is integrated with a customized version of the AutoCAD software.
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SOFTCOPY PLOTTERS
Leica Socet Set ZI ImageStation
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VR Mapping– VrOne is a powerful photogrammetric
vector collection and editing system with Digital Terrain Modeling and image display capability.
– VrTwo allows the orientation of a stereo pair of photographs and the extraction of three-dimensional data using VrOne.
– Cardinal Systems, LLC is a provider of software for use in the mapping industry.
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– VrTwo is comfortable to the eyes and also VrTwo is comfortable to the eyes and also comfortable to the pocket. Running on comfortable to the pocket. Running on standard PCs, total hardware costs are kept standard PCs, total hardware costs are kept to a minimum.to a minimum.
– The power of VrTwo is derived from the The power of VrTwo is derived from the seamless integration into the VrOne vector seamless integration into the VrOne vector collection and editing system.collection and editing system.
– Single models may be oriented for VrTwo Single models may be oriented for VrTwo using the Orient VrTwo program. This using the Orient VrTwo program. This program provides project management, program provides project management, camera and coordinate management along camera and coordinate management along with inner, relative and absolute orientations. with inner, relative and absolute orientations.
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… The End …