8= SOUTH-AMERICA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 569
8=SOUTH-AMERICA geosector
édition princeps DU RÉPERTOIRE DE LA LINGUASPHÈRE 1999-2000
publiée en ligne et mise à jour dès novembre 2012
foundation edition THE LINGUASPHERE REGISTER 1999-2000 published online & updated from November 2012
This geosector covers 121 sets of languages (= 415 outer languages, comprising 964 inner languages) spoken or
formerly spoken by traditional "Amerindian" communities across South America and southern Meso-America (since
before the arrival of speakers of Indo-European languages, principally [51=] Español and Português, but also [51=] Français and [52=] English and Nederlands).
13 sets are treated within three phylozones, 80=, 82= and 88=, while the remaining 110 sets are classified
geographically within seven geozones. Geozone 81= covers languages spoken by communities in southern Meso-America and parts of northern South America, and the geozones 83=, 84= and 85=, in geographic sequence, cover languages spoken by communities in the Andean regions, southward as far as Tierra del Fuego. Geozones 86=, 87=
and 89= cover languages spoken by communities in the Mato Grosso, in the Amazon Basin and in northeastern Brazil.
80= CARIBIC phylozone 81= INTER-OCEAN geozone 82= ARAWAKIC phylozone
83= PRE-ANDES geozone 84= ANDES geozone 85= CHACO-CONE geozone 86= MATO-GROSSO geozone 87= AMAZON geozone 88= TUPIC phylozone 89= BAHIA geozone
In spelling the reference-names of languages spoken in areas where [51=] Español is in general use, the usages of
the letters /c/ or /qu/ are normally preferred to use of the letter /k/, and the usage of /ch/ to the use of /sh/. In areas where [51=] Português is in general use, the usage of the letter /x/ is preferred to use of /sh/.
Before consulting the following tables, please see Guide to the Register in Volume One
Les données supplémentaires ou améliorées sur les langues et communautés traitées sous ce secteur seront accueillies
ici : ré[email protected]
Additional or improved data on languages and communities covered by this sector will
be welcomed here : [email protected]
COLUMN 1 & 2 layers of reference codes and reference-names
COLUMN 3
other nomenclature and notes
COLUMNS 4 & 5
nation-states scale of (+ provinces) and speakers
80= CARIBIC phylozone
covers the "wider Carib", "Cariban" or Yucpa+ Bakairi set;
comprising 1 set of languages (= 37 outer languages) spoken by widely scattered communities in northern South America,
and formerly on islands of the Caribbean:
80-A YUCPA+ BAKAIRI
Brazil; Colombia; French Guiana; Guyana; Surinam; Venezuela; formerly also on Caribbean islands (most recently, Trinidad & Tobago)
4
80-A YUCPA+ BAKAIRI set
CARIBAN, "wider" carib comprising widely scattered languages, classified within 11 chains ; largely submerged < [51=] Español, [51=] Português or [52=] English
80-AA YUCPA+ YAPRERIA chain
yukpa
80-AAA YUCPA+ YAPRERIA net
80-AAA-a Yucpa yuko, yukpa, yupa, shaparu, chake, "carib" motilón, motilón-N. #motilón, motilón in [51=] Español = «hairless» Sierra de Perijá mountains
Colombia (Magdalena; Guajira); also Venezuela (Zulia)
3
80-AAA-aa 'césar' César upper valley Colombia.…
80-AAA-ab codazzi codozzi Augustín Codazzi Colombia.…
80-AAA-ac maracas Colombia.…
80-AAA-ad iroka Colombia.…
80-AAA-b Yaprería northern Sierra de Perijá mountains Venezuela (Zulia) 1
80-AAA-ba yaprería japrería, manso* (Zulia) 1
80-AAA-c Coyaima* ¶extinct for several generations Colombia (Tolima) 0
80-AAA-ca coyaima (Tolima) 0
page 570 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition
80-AB OPÓN+ CARARE chain
karare X
80-ABA OPÓN+ CARARE net X
80-ABA-a Opón+ Carare Magdalena tributaries Colombia (Santander) 0
80-ABA-aa opón opone Opone river (Santander)
80-ABA-ab carare Carare river (Santander) 0
80-AC CARINYA chain GALIBI, carib "proper"
80-ACA CARINYA net
80-ACA-a Carinya karinya, kari'nya, kalinya, kariña, carinña, cariña, galibí, carib, caribe, kribisi, caraiben, caribice, caribisce, caribisi, cariniaco geographically fragmented
Venezuela; Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; Brazil (Amapá)
4
80-ACA-aa carinya-W. murato, myrato, marato, maraworno, marworno Orinoco lower valley: Ciudad Bolívar environs… (formerly) Sucre mountains Nuria plateau Barima valley… Barama valley
Venezuela (Sucre; Monagas; Anzoátegui; Bolívar); Guyana (Essequibo)
4
80-ACA-aaa chayma chaima, sayma, warapiche, guaga-tagare Venezuela…
80-ACA-aab tabajari Venezuela…
80-ACA-aac abarima+ barama (Essequibo)
80-ACA-ab carib-C. submerged < [52=] Sranan Coppename lower valley Surinam (Saramacca) 3
80-ACA-ac carib-E. tyrewuju Surinam (Marowijne); French Guiana (St.Laurent du Maroni; Cayenne); Brazil (Amapá)
3
80-ACA-aca maroni-N. "lower" maroni Marowijne, Maroni lower valley (Marowijne; St.Laurent du Maroni)
80-ACA-acb maroni-S. "upper" maroni Marowijne, Maroni upper valley (Marowijne; St.Laurent du Maroni)
80-ACA-acc approuague Approuague valley (Cayenne)
80-ACA-acd oyapuck Oyapuck, Oiapoque valley (Cayenne; Amapá)
80-ACA-ace uacá in [51=] Português: galibí do Uacá Uacá valley (Amapá)
80-AD E'NYAPA chain PANARE
80-ADA E'NYAPA net
80-ADA-a E'nyapa Cuchivero river Venezuela (Bolívar) 3
80-ADA-aa e'nyapa panare, panari, eye, abira (Bolívar) 3
80-AE MAPOYO+ WAYÂNA chain
mapoyo+ makiritari
80-AEA MAPOYO+ YABARANA net
"middle" orinoco ¶spoken by decimated and dispersed riverine groups
80-AEA-a Mapoyo+ Wanai ¶nearly extinct in 1970's Apure river Venezuela (Amazonas) 1
80-AEA-aa mapoyo mapayo, mapoye, mapoi, nepoye (Amazonas)
80-AEA-ab wanai (Amazonas)
80-AEA-b Yabarana+ Wokiare Manapire river Venezuela (Amazonas) 1
80-AEA-ba yabarana yavarana, yauarana (Amazonas)
80-AEA-bb curasicana (Amazonas)
80-AEA-bc wokiare uaiquiare, guayqueri (Amazonas)
80-AEB MAQUIRITARI+ WAYUMARÁ net
80-AEB-a Maquiritari makiritari, maquiritare, maquiritai, makiritare, ye'cuana Orinoco tributaries: Paragua middle river… Padamo river
Venezuela (Bolívar; Amazonas); also Brazil (Roraima)
3
80-AEB-aa maquiritari-A. maquiritari "proper" Venezuela…
80-AEB-ab ye'cuana yekuana, maiongong, mayongong Venezuela…
80-AEB-ac de'cuana wainungomo Venezuela…
80-AEB-ad cunuana Venezuela…
80-AEB-ae pawana Venezuela…
80-AEB-af soto Venezuela…
80-AEB-ag ihuruana Venezuela…
80-AEB-ah maitsi Venezuela…
80-AEB-b Wayumará Brazil (Roraima) 0*
80-AEB-ba wayumará wajumará, uaimare, guimara (Roraima) 0*
80-AEC TIVERICOTO+ YAO net
X
80-AEC-a Tivericoto Venezuela (Monagas) 0
80-AEC-aa tivericoto tiverikoto ¶extinct (Monagas) 0
80-AEC-b Yao Trinidad & Tobago; French Guiana 0
80-AEC-ba yao ¶extinct Trinidad & Tobago; French Guiana 0
80-AED WAYÂNA+ URUCENA net
GUAYANA
80-AED-a Wayâna+ Urucena wayana Maroni river… Tapanahoni upper river… across Tumucumaque highlands… Paru+ Jari upper rivers
Surinam (Marowijne); French Guiana (St.Laurent du Maroni); Brazil (Pará; Amapá)
3
80-AED-aa wayâna oayana, wajana, wayana "proper", guayana "proper", uaiana, oiana, oyana
(Marowijne); (St.Laurent du Maroni); (Pará; Amapá)
8= SOUTH-AMERICA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 571
80-AED-ab rucuyen roucouyene, roucouyenne (Marowijne)…
80-AED-ac urucena urucuiana, urukuyana, alukuyana (Marowijne)…
80-AED-ad upurui (Marowijne)…
80-AF YAWAPERÍ+ MAKUXÍ chain
80-AFA MAKUXÍ+ ARECUNA net
80-AFA-a Makuxí Pacaraima highlands Venezuela (Bolívar); Brazil (Roraima); Guyana (Essequibo)
3
80-AFA-aa makuxí makushi, macusi, macussi, teweya, teueia (Bolívar); (Roraima); (Essequibo)
80-AFA-b Arecuna+ Taulipang Pemón, pemong Gran Sabana… Venezuela (Bolivár); Brazil (Roraima); Guyana (Essequibo)
3
80-AFA-ba are-cuna ari-cuna, are-kuna, jari-cuna, pemong "proper" (Bolivár); (Essequibo) 3
80-AFA-bb taulipang taurepan, taurepâ (Roraima) 2
80-AFA-bc camara-coto camara-cota, kamaraga-kok (Bolivár)…
80-AFA-bd dai-gok (Bolivár)…
80-AFA-be potsawu-gok pishau-co (Bolivár)…
80-AFA-c Acawayo+ Patamona
Capón, kapong Guyana (Essequibo); also Venezuela (Bolivár); Brazil (Roraima)
3*
80-AFA-ca acawayo akawaio, acewaio, akawai, acahuayo, waicá (Essequibo); (Bolivár); (Roraima) 3
80-AFA-cb patamona in [80=] Macushi: 'ingari-kó', 'ingari-có', 'ingari-kí', 'ingari-cí' (=«bush-
community») (Essequibo) 3
80-AFA-cc erema-gok* (Essequibo)
80-AFA-d Purucoto Venezuela (Bolivár); Brazil (Roraima)
0*
80-AFA-da puru-coto i-puri-coto, puri-coto, poro-coto, uru-coto (Bolivár); (Roraima) 0*
80-AFB SAPARÁ+ PAUXIANA net
X
80-AFB-a Sapará Brazil (Roraima) 0*
80-AFB-aa sapará (Roraima) 0*
80-AFB-b Pauxiana+ Paravilhana
Brazil (Roraima) 0*
80-AFB-ba pauxiana pawixiana, paushiana, pawishiana, pauchiana, pauchi, pauxi-W. (Roraima) 0*
80-AFB-bb paravilhana paravilyana ; perhaps transition < [80=] Waiwai+ Hishkaryana (Roraima) 0
80-AFC YAWAPERÍ+ BOANARÍ net
80-AFC-a Boanarí Brazil (Amazonas) 0
80-AFC-aa boanarí bonarí (Amazonas) 0
80-AFC-b Yawaperí+ Waimirí Brazil (Amazonas; Roraima) 3*
80-AFC-ba atruahí atroaí, atroarí, atrowari, atroahy Brazil
80-AFC-bb ki'nya Brazil
80-AFC-bc waimirí uaimirí, wahmirí Brazil
80-AFC-bd yawaperí yawaperí "proper", yauaperi, yauapery, jauaperí, jawaperí Jauaperí river
Brazil
80-AFC-be crixana crishana Brazil
80-AFC-bf piriutite Brazil
80-AFC-bg tiquiría Brazil
80-AG APALAÍ chain
80-AGA APALAÍ net
80-AGA-a Apalaí Brazil (Pará) 2
80-AGA-aa apalaí aparai, apalay (Pará) 2
80-AH TIRIYÓ+ WAIWAI chain
80-AHA TIRIYÓ+ CARIHONA net
80-AHA-a Carihona karijona, karihona, tsahá Vaupés valley… Caqueta valley Colombia (Vaupés; Caqueta; Amazonas)
2
80-AHA-aa carihona-'vaupés' Vaupés upper valley (Vaupés)
80-AHA-ab jianá-coto hianá-coto, omagua, hianacoto-umaua, umaua, umawa Vaupés middle valley
(Vaupés)
80-AHA-ac yari* Yari valley: above El Capitán waterfalls (Caqueta)
80-AHA-ad carihona-'caqueta' carijona-caqueta Caqueta lower valley (Amazonas)
page 572 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition
80-AHA-b Tiriyó+ Akuriyo Tapanahoni upper river… Mapari river Surinam (Marowijne); Brazil (Pará) 3
80-AHA-ba tiriyó tiriyó "proper", trio, tirió (Marowijne); (Pará) 3
80-AHA-bb piano-cotó* piana-kotó, pau-cutu, paru-kutu, para-cutu, paru-koto #this name, in its various forms, is associated also with other related idioms in the area
Essequibo upper river
(Marowijne); (Pará)
80-AHA-bc akuriyo akoerio, akuri, akurijo, akurio, akuliyo, wama, wayari-curi, oyari-coulet, tiriyó-metesem, tiriyó-metesen, trio-metesem, trio-metesen Tapanahoni upper river
(Marowijne); (Pará)
80-AHA-bd cumayena kumayena, ocomayana (Marowijne)
80-AHA-c Saluma Anamu upper valley Brazil (Pará) 2
80-AHA-ca saluma (Pará) 2
80-AHB WAIWAI+ CHIQUIANA net
¶languages spoken by decimated and dispersed riverine groups
80-AHB-a Chiquiana shikuyana, sikiana, sikiâna, shikiana, chikena, chiquena Brazil (Pará; Amazonas); also Venezuela (Bolívar)
1
80-AHB-aa sikiana Iricoumé highlands: Cafuini river… Turuna+ Itapi headwaters (Pará) 1
80-AHB-ab chiquiana-N.* (Bolívar) 0
80-AHB-b Kaxuyana+ Warikyana
Imabu river… Trombetes river Brazil (Pará) 2
80-AHB-ba kaxuyana kaxuiâna, kax'yana, kaxúyana, kashujana, kachuana (Pará) 2
80-AHB-bb warikyana warikiana (Pará) 2
80-AHB-bc pawiyana pawixi, pawishi, pauxi-E. (Pará) 2*
80-AHB-c Waiwai+ Hishkaryana*
Essequibo upper valley southwards to Mapuera+ Jatapu+ Nhamundá
upper valleys
Guyana (Rupununi); Brazil (Pará;
Amazonas)
3
80-AHB-ca waiwai uaiuai, uaieue, ouayeone (Rupununi); (Pará; Amazonas)
80-AHB-cb katawian katwena, katuena, katawina, cachuena, catawian, catauian (Pará; Amazonas); (Rupununi)
80-AHB-cc charuma parukoto-charuma (Pará; Amazonas); and/or
(Rupununi)
80-AHB-cd sherewyana xerewyana, xereu (Pará; Amazonas)
80-AHB-ce hishkaryana hixkariana, hixkaryana, hichkaryana (Pará; Amazonas)
80-AHB-cf chawiyana (Pará; Amazonas); and/or (Rupununi)
80-AHB-cg kumiyana (Pará; Amazonas); and/or
(Rupununi)
80-AHB-ch sokaka (Pará; Amazonas); and/or
(Rupununi)
80-AHB-ci wabui (Pará; Amazonas); and/or
(Rupununi)
80-AHB-cj faruaru (Pará; Amazonas); and/or
(Rupununi)
80-AI BAKAIRI+ ARARA chain
80-AIA ARARA+ TXIKÃO net
80-AIA-a Arara+ Ajujure near Arataú river Brazil (Pará) 2*
80-AIA-aa arara-parirí arara-do-pará (Pará) 1
80-AIA-ab ajujure (Pará) 1
80-AIA-b Apiacá+ Apingi Brazil (Pará) 0
80-AIA-ba apiacá-N. distinct from [85=] Apiacá (Pará) 0
80-AIA-bb apingi (Pará) 0
80-AIA-c Txikão+ Tunuli
Xingu upper valley: Xingu park Brazil (Mato Grosso) 2
80-AIA-ca txikão chicao, txikân, txicão, txixão (Mato Grosso)
80-AIA-cb tunuli tonore (Mato Grosso)
80-AIA-d Yarumá Xingu upper valley: Xingu park Brazil (Mato Grosso) 0*
80-AIA-da yarumá jarumá ¶perhaps extinct (Mato Grosso) 0*
80-AIA-e Yuma Brazil (Rondônia) 0
80-AIA-ea yuma juma distinct from [85=] Juma (Rondônia) 0
80-AIB BAKAIRI+ MATIPUHY net
Xingu river-basin
80-AIB-a Bakairí Arinos upper valley… Xingu headwaters Brazil (Mato Grosso) 2
80-AIB-aa bakairí bacairí, kura (Mato Grosso) 2
80-AIB-b Matipuhy+ Nahukuá Amonap, Xingu upper valley: Xingu park Brazil (Mato Grosso) 0*
80-AIB-ba kuikuro kuikuru, guicurú, kurkuro, cuicutl (Mato Grosso) 2*
80-AIB-bb matipuhy matipú (Mato Grosso) 1
80-AIB-bc mariape* mariape-nahuqua (Mato Grosso) 1
80-AIB-bd nahukuá nakukwá, nafukwá, nahuqua (Mato Grosso) 1
80-AIB-be kalapaló apalakiri, apalaquiri (Mato Grosso) 2*
8= SOUTH-AMERICA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 573
80-AJ PALMELA chain X
80-AJA PALMELA net X
80-AJA-a Palmela Brazil (Rondônia) 0
80-AJA-aa palmela (Rondônia) 0
80-AK 'PIMENTEIRA' chain X
80-AKA 'PIMENTEIRA' net X
80-AKA-a 'Pimenteira' Brazil (Piauí) 0
80-AKA-aa 'pimenteira' (Piauí) 0
page 574 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition
81= INTER-OCEAN geozone
covers the "Inter-Ocean" reference area, composed of sets
not covered by any phylozone; comprising 16 sets of languages (= 47 outer languages) spoken by communities in southern Meso-America and northern South America, from
the Pacific to the Caribbean coast:
81-A MAM+ MATAGALPA 81-B PECH 81-C RAMA 81-D MALÉKU+ KWERESA 81-E NGOBERE+ TUKURÁ 81-F COFÁN
81-G PAÉZ+ COCONUCO 81-H COAIQUER+ TSÁCHI 81-I HIRAHARA+ GAYÓN 81-J TACAME 81-K PUMÉ 81-L TIMOTE+ MUCUCHI 81-M BETOY 81-N YURIMANGI
81-O CAMSÁ 81-P GUARAO
including (with zone 87=) a number of languages sometimes
known as 'macú', 'makú', 'maco', an unscientific term applied by outsiders to certain indigenous communities in the interior of Colombia and Venezuela, and in adjacent Brazil
Colombia; Costa Rica; Ecuador; Guyana; Honduras; Nicaragua; Panama; Surinam; Venezuela
5
81-A MAM+ MATAGALPA set
MISUMALPAN, miskito+ sumo, part of "wider" chibchan grouping
81-AA MAM+ MATAGALPA chain
81-AAA MAM+ CABO net MÍSKITU
81-AAA-a Mam+ Cabo mískitu, miskito, mísquito, márquito, mosquito Costa de Mosquito coast: Caratasca lagoon… Perlas lagoon
Honduras (Gracias a Dios); Nicaragua (Zelaya)
5
81-AAA-aa mískitu-V. "vehicular" miskito Costa de Mosquito coast (Gracias a Dios); (Zelaya)
81-AAA-ab mam "honduran" mískito (Gracias a Dios) 4
81-AAA-ac tawira tauira (Zelaya)
81-AAA-ad baymuna baymunana, baldam (Zelaya)
81-AAA-ae wanki wangki (Zelaya)
81-AAA-af cabo kabo (Zelaya)
81-AAB TAWAHKA+ ULWA net
SUMO
81-AAB-a Tawahka+ Ulwa sumo, sumu, soumo, sumoo inland from Costa de Mosquito coast Honduras (Gracias a Dios); Nicaragua (Zelaya)
3
81-AAB-aa tawahka+ bawihka sumo-N., "honduran" sumo (Gracias a Dios) 2
81-AAB-aaa tawahka tahuajca, tauahca (Gracias a Dios)
81-AAB-aab bawihka (Gracias a Dios)
81-AAB-aac panamaka (Gracias a Dios)
81-AAB-ab ulwa+ kukra sumo-S., "nicaraguan" sumo (Zelaya) 3
81-AAB-aba ulwa wulwa, woolwa, 'lua, ulua (Zelaya)
81-AAB-abb kukra cucra (Zelaya)
81-AAC MATAGALPA+ CACAOPERA* net
X
81-AAC-a Cacaopera cakaopera ¶extinct San Miguel hinterland El Salvador 0
81-AAC-aa cacaopera El Salvador 0
81-AAC-b Matagalpa ¶extinct Cordillera Isabella range… Cordillera Entre Ríos range Nicaragua (Nueva Segovia… ); Honduras (El Paraíso)
0
81-AAC-ba matagalpa (Nueva Segovia… ); (El Paraíso) 0
81-B PECH set PAYA, part of "wider" chibchan grouping
81-BA PECH chain
81-BAA PECH net
81-BAA-a Pech* Dulce Nombre de Culmí… Santa María del Carbón Honduras (Olancho) 2
81-BAA-aa pech* paya, taya, tawka, seco (Olancho) 2
81-C RAMA set part of "wider" chibchan grouping
81-CA RAMA chain
81-CAA RAMA net
81-CAA-a Rama Rama Cay coast & hinterland Nicaragua 1*
81-CAA-aa rama ¶24 speakers in 1980's submerged < [52=] Rama-Cay Nicaragua 1*
8= SOUTH-AMERICA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 575
81-D MALÉKU+ KWERESA set
GUATUSO, part of "wider" chibchan grouping
81-DA MALÉKU+ KWERESA chain
81-DAA MALÉKU+ KWERESA net
81-DAA-a Maléku+ Kweresa watuso+ wetar Costa Rica (Alajuela) 2
81-DAA-aa maléku-jaíka watuso, guatuso Costa Rica 2
81-DAA-ab kweresa wétar, güetar, corobici ¶extinct Costa Rica 0
81-E NGOBERE+ TUKURÁ set
chibchan-E., part of "wider" chibchan grouping
81-EA NASO chain TERIBE
81-EAA NASO net
81-EAA-a Naso teribe, térraba, tiribi, tirribi, nortenyo, quequexqueterraba community Caribbean coast
Costa Rica; Panama (Bocas del Toro)
3
81-EAA-aa naso-W. ¶5 speakers in 1990's (Limón) 1
81-EAA-ab naso-E. Teribe valley… Changuinola valley (Bocas del Toro) 3
81-EB BRUNCA+ CABÉCAR chain
"WIDER"-TALAMANKA, "wider" takamanca
81-EBA BRUNCA net
81-EBA-a Brunca ¶5 speakers (all women) in 1980's Pacific coast: Playa Bonita… Golfito… Punta Burica peninsula
Costa Rica (Puntarenas); Panama (Chiriquí)
3
81-EBA-aa brunca boruca, borunca, burica, burunca, brunka (Puntarenas); (Chiriquí) 3
81-EBB CABÉCAR+ BRIBRI net
81-EBB-a Cabécar Costa Rica (Turriabla) 3
81-EBB-aa cabécar kabékar, chirripó, including corrhue, xorrhue (Turriabla) 3
81-EBB-aaa chirripó Cerro Cirripó highlands (Turriabla)
81-EBB-aab telire Telire valley (Turriabla)
81-EBB-aac 'estrella' (Turriabla)
81-EBB-aad ujarrás (Turriabla)
81-EBB-aae tucurric (Turriabla)
81-EBB-b Bribri Lari+ Telire+ Uren valleys Costa Rica (Limón; Puntarenas); also Panama
3
81-EBB-ba bribri talamanca "proper", talamanka "proper" (Limón; Puntarenas); also Panama 3
81-EBB-baa salitre-cabagra (Limón; Puntarenas)
81-EBB-bab amubre-katsi (Limón; Puntarenas)
81-EBB-bac coroma (Limón; Puntarenas)
81-EC NGOBERE+ BUGLERE chain
81-ECA NGOBERE+ BUGLERE net
81-ECA-a Ngobere ngäbere, guaymi, waimí Chiriquí lagoon & hinterland Panama (Bocas del Toro; Veraguas); also Costa Rica
4
81-ECA-aa ngobere-W. mobe, valiente (Bocas del Toro) 4
81-ECA-ab ngobere-E. tole, chiriqui (Bocas del Toro; Veraguas) 4
81-ECA-b Buglere nortenyo, muriré Serranía de Tabasará highlands Panama (Veraguas) 3
81-ECA-ba sabanero veraguas-sabanero (Veraguas) 1*
81-ECA-bb bokotá bokwetá, bogotá, bofota, bobota, bocota, bukueta (Veraguas) 3
81-ED CÓWGI+ ICA chain ARWAKO-NORTH, "highland" aruak
81-EDA CÓWGI net COGUI
81-EDA-a Cówgi Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta northern & western mountain-slopes Colombia (Magdalena…) 3
81-EDA-aa cówgi cogui, coghui, kogi, káugian, cágaba, kaggaba (Magdalena…) 3
81-EDB ICA net
81-EDB-a Ica Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta southern mountain-slopes Colombia (El César) 3
81-EDB-aa ica ihka, ika, ijca, ijka, ike, ikö, aruaca, arhuaco, bintuk, bíntukua, bíntucua (El César) 3
81-EDC WIWA net MALAYO
81-EDC-a WIWA Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta southern & eastern mountain-slopes
#proliferation of names (see below) suggests more than one component idiom
Colombia (El César; La Guajira) 2
81-EDC-aa wiwa malayo, dinima, wamaka, guamaca, marocasero, maracasero, marocacero, arosario, sanhá, sanja, sanka
(El César; La Guajira) 2
81-EE CHIMILA chain ARAWAKO-SOUTH
81-EEA CHIMILA net "lowland" aruak
81-EEA-a Chimila shimizya Valledupar environs: lowlands between Magdalena river & Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta mountains
Colombia (Magdalena) 2
81-EEA-aa caca-weranos Caca Weranos (Magdalena)
81-EEA-ab 'san-jorge' Jorge (Magdalena)
page 576 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition
81-EF CHIBCHA+ TUNEBO chain
"NARROW"-CHIBCHAN
81-EFA TUNEBO net
81-EFA-a Tunebo-W. aguas-blancas Colombia (Santander del Sur) 3*
81-EFA-aa tunebo-W. (Santander del Sur) 3*
81-EFA-b Tunebo-E. "highland" tunebo Sierra Nevada de Cocuy highlands & eastwards Colombia (Santander del Sur;
Boyacá; Arauca); also Venezuela
3
81-EFA-ba tunebo-cobaría Satocá… Calafita… Tegría… Cobaría (Boyacá; Arauca)
81-EFA-bb tunebo-'angosturas' "angosturas" ¶nearly extinct in 1983's (Arauca) 1*
81-EFA-bc tunebo-tame "barro-negro", tame Tame-SW.: Barro Negro… San Lope… Tabías (Arauca) 2
81-EFA-c Chibcha Colombia central highlands Colombia 0
81-EFA-ca chibcha muisca, mosca ¶extinct Colombia 0
81-EG CUNA chain
81-EGA CUNA net
81-EGA-a Cuna kuna Panama; Colombia (Chocó; Antioquia)
4
81-EGA-aa cuna-'san-blas' "san-blas" cuna Golfo de San Blas off-shore islets and coast… plus
migration to Colón & Panamá cities and to banana-plantations Panama 4
81-EGA-aaa 'san-blas'-A. "insular" cuna Panama
81-EGA-aab chuana chucuna Panama
81-EGA-aac cueva Panama
81-EGA-aad bayano including alto-bayano. maje Panama
81-EGA-ab cuna-SE. "long-hair" cuna, in [51=] Español: caimán nuevo Golfo de Uurubá coast
Colombia; Panama 3
81-EGA-aba paya+ pucuro Paya… Pucuro villages Panama 2
81-EGA-abb cuna-'colombia' (Chocó; Antioquia) 2
81-EH BARÍ* chain
81-EHA BARÍ net
81-EHA-a Barí* Sierra de Perijá mountains… Oro+ Catatumo valley Colombia; Venezuela (Zulia) 3
81-EHA-aa barí "chibchan" motilón, motilone, barira, dobocubí, mape, cunguasaya #in
[51=] Español = «hairless» distinct from [80=] Yucpa ("Carib" Motilón)
(Zulia) 3
81-EI TUKURÁ + NOANAMA chain
81-EIA TUKURÁ+ NOANAMA net
; probable linguistic continuum #in an area of confused and
overlapping ethnolinguistic nomenclature
81-EIA-a Tukurá+ Tadó* Emberá, empera, berã, bera, epera, embena, epena, chocó, 'cholo' #emberá= «community»
Panama; Colombia (Antioquia; Choco; Caldas; Cordoba; Valle del Cauca)
4
81-EIA-aa sambú emberá-panama, darién, dariena, andágueda, part of 'emberá-N.' Sampú valley… Serranía del Darién mountains
Panama
81-EIA-ab atrato part of 'emberá-N.', including rio-sucio Atrato valley… Sucio lower valley
(Antioquia; Choco)
81-EIA-ac tukurá río-verde, part of 'emberá-N.' southwest of Uraba gulf (Choco)
81-EIA-ad catío* katio, epera-catio, evabida Cordillera Occidental northwest foothills (Cordoba; Antioquia) 4
81-EIA-ada murrí Murrí valley (Cordoba)
81-EIA-adb dabeiba Sucio upper valley: Dabeiba (Antioquia)
81-EIA-adc sinu Sinu upper valley (Cordoba)
81-EIA-add ngverá san-jorge San Jorge valley (Cordoba)
81-EIA-ade cauca including arma, cenu Cauca lower valley (Antioquia) 0
81-EIA-ae caramanta+ sitará Andes town… Cristiania… Caramantá (Antioquia; Caldas) 2*
81-EIA-af chamí including anserma Cordillera Occidental northern highlands: Anserma…
(Choco; Antioquia; Caldas) 4*
81-EIA-ag tadó embená-tadó Cordillera Occidental western foothills: San Juán upper valley (Tadó)
(Choco) 3*
81-EIA-ah baudó Baudo valley (Choco)
81-EIA-ai saija 'emberá-S.', epena-saija, epera-pedea, saixa, basarado, basurudo Naya coast
(Valle del Cauca; Cauca) 3
81-EIA-aj runa* Colombia 0
81-EIA-b Noanama waunana, wounan, wounaan, noenama, nonama, woun-meu, waumeo, chocama, chanco
Colombia (Valle del Cauca); Panama
3
81-EIA-ba noanama-N. "panamanian" waunana Panama 3
81-EIA-bb noanama-S. "colombian" waunana (Valle del Cauca)
8= SOUTH-AMERICA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 577
81-F COFÁN set KOFAN, part of "wider" chibchan
81-FA COFÁN chain
81-FAA COFÁN net
81-FAA-a Cofán kofan, kofán, a'i, kofane Colombia (Putumayo); Ecuador (Napo)
2
81-FAA-aa cofán-N. (Putumayo) 2
81-FAA-ab 'santa-rosa' Santa Rosa de Sucumbíos (Napo) 2
81-FAA-ac 'aguarico' Aguarico upper valley (Napo) 2
81-G PAÉZ+ COCONUCO set
PAEZAN, paesan, part of "wider" paezan
81-GA COCONUCO+ GUAMBIANO chain
81-GAA COCONUCO+ GUAMBIANO net
81-GAA-a Coconuco Colombia (Cauca) 2*
81-GAA-aa coconuco kokonuko, wanaka* (Cauca)
81-GAA-b Totoró Colombia (Cauca) 0*
81-GAA-ba totoró (Cauca)
81-GAA-c Guambiano+ Mogés wambiano Colombia (Cauca) 3
81-GAA-ca guambiano guambia (Cauca) 3
81-GAA-cb mogés moguez (Cauca)
81-GB PAÉZ+ ANDAQUÍ chain
81-GBA PAÉZ+ PANZALEO net
81-GBA-a Paéz+ Pitayo Cordillera Central mountains: Popayán… Paéz Colombia (Huila) 4
81-GBA-aa paéz paes (Huila)
81-GBA-ab pitayo (Huila)
81-GBA-ac paniquita panikita (Huila)
81-GBA-b Panzaleo Cordillera Central mountains Ecuador (Pichincha; Cotopaxi;
Tungurahua)
0
81-GBA-ba panzaleo pansaleo (Pichincha; Cotopaxi; Tungurahua) 0
81-GBB ANDAQUÍ net X
81-GBB-a Andaquí Cordillera Central eastern slopes Colombia (Huila; Caquetá) 0
81-GBB-aa andaquí andakí (Huila; Caquetá)
81-H COAIQUER+ TSÁCHI set
BARBAKOAN, barbacoano, part of "wider" paezan
81-HA COAIQUER+ BARBACOAS chain
81-HAA COAIQUER+ BARBACOAS net
81-HAA-a Coaiquer+ Awa coaiquer Cordillera Central western slopes Colombia (Cauca; Nariño); Ecuador (Carchi)
3
81-HAA-aa coaiquer kwaiker, koaiker, cuaiquer, quaiquer, telembí (Cauca) 4
81-HAA-ab awa coaiquer-S. (Carchi) 3*
81-HAA-b Barbacoas+ Pasto* Barbacoas Colombia (Nariño); Ecuador (Carchi)
0
81-HAA-ba barbacoas Barbacoas (Nariño) 0
81-HAA-bb muelyama muellama (Nariño) 0
81-HAA-bc pasto (Nariño); (Carchi) 0
81-HB TSÁCHI+ TSÁFIKI chain
cayapa+ 'colorado'
81-HBA TSÁCHI net CAYAPA
81-HBA-a Tsáchi Cayapas river & tributaries: 5 enclaves Ecuador (Esmeraldas) 3
81-HBA-aa tsá-chi cha-chi, cayapa, kayapa; cha'-palaachi; tsá-che-la, cha-chilla community
(Esmeraldas) 3
81-HBB TSÁFIKI net COLORADO
81-HBB-a Tsáfiki Santo Domingo de los Colarados: forest west of Quito Ecuador (Pichincha; Los Ríos) 3
81-HBB-aa tsá-fiki 'colorado' community (Pichincha; Los Ríos) 3
81-I HIRAHARA+ GAYÓN set
X
81-IA HIRAHARA+ GAYÓN chain
X
81-IAA HIRAHARA+ GAYÓN net
X
81-IAA-a Hirahara Cordillera de Mérida northern foothills Venezuela (Falcón) 0
81-IAA-aa hirahara jirajara (Falcón) 0
81-IAA-b Ayomán Cordillera de Mérida northern foothills Venezuela (Lara) 0
81-IAA-ba ayomán ayamán (Lara) 0
page 578 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition
81-IAA-c Gayón Cordillera de Mérida northern foothills Venezuela (Lara) 0
81-IAA-ca gayón coyón (Lara) 0
81-J TACAME set ESMERALDA, part of tacame+ pumé grouping X
81-JA TACAME chain X
81-JAA TACAME net X
81-JAA-a Tacame Esmeralda coast Ecuador (Esmeraldas) 0
81-JAA-aa tacame esmeralda, takame (Esmeraldas) 0
81-K PUMÉ set YARURO, part of tacame+ pumé grouping
81-KA PUMÉ chain jaruro
81-KAA PUMÉ net
81-KAA-a Pumé Capanaparo swamps and northwards Venezuela (Apure; Amazonas) 3
81-KAA-aa pumé pumeh, yaruro, yaruru, jaruro, llaruro, yuapín Venezuela (Apure; Amazonas) 3
81-L TIMOTE+ MUCUCHÍ set
X
81-LA TIMOTE+ MUCUCHÍ chain
X
81-LAA TIMOTE+ MUCUCHÍ net
X
81-LAA-a Timote+ Cuica timoteano Cordillera de Mérida highlands Venezuela (Mérida) 0
81-LAA-aa timote (Mérida) 0
81-LAA-ab cuica kuika (Mérida) 0
81-LAA-b Mutús+ Loco* near Pueblo Llano: Mutús Venezuela (Barinas) 2
81-LAA-ba mutús mutu (Barinas) 2
81-LAA-bb loco (Barinas)
81-LAA-c Mucuchí+ Maripú Cordillera de Mérida highlands Venezuela (Mérida) 0
81-LAA-ca mucuchí mukuchi, mucuchí "proper" (Mérida) 2
81-LAA-cb maripú mirripú Cordillera de Mérida highlands Venezuela (Mérida) 2
81-M BETOY set X
81-MA BETOY chain X
81-MAA BETOY net X
81-MAA-a Betoy Colombia (Arauca) 0
81-MAA-aa betoy (Arauca) 0
81-N YURIMANGI set X
81-NA YURIMANGI chain X
81-NAA YURIMANGI net X
81-NAA-a Yurimangi Yurimangi valley Colombia (Valle de Cauca) 0
81-NAA-aa yurimangi yurumangi (Valle de Cauca) 0
81-O CAMSÁ set
81-OA CAMSÁ chain
81-OAA CAMSÁ net
81-OAA-a Camsá Sibundoy valley Colombia (Putumayo) 3
81-OAA-aa camsá kamsá, kamse, kamemtxa, sibundoy, coche Sibundoy valley (Putumayo) 3
81-P GUARAO set WARAO
81-PA GUARAO chain
81-PAA GUARAO net
81-PAA-a Guarao "wider" guarao, warao, guarano, guarauno, tivativa Orinoco delta-
coast: Marowijne, Maroni lower valley ¶a few elderly speakers each side of Venezuela-Guyana frontier; also (perhaps extinct) each side of Guyana-Surinam frontier
Venezuela (Sucre; Monagas; Delta Amacuro); Guyana (Barima-Waini; Upper Demerara-Berbice); Surinam (Nickerie)
1
81-PAA-aa guarao-A. warao "proper", warrau, uarow, arao-te Venezuela
81-PAA-ab guasay Venezuela
81-PAA-ac mariusa araguao Venezuela
81-PAA-ad hoanarau Venezuela
81-PAA-ae cocuina Venezuela
81-PAA-af changuane* Venezuela
8= SOUTH-AMERICA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 579
82= ARAWAKIC phylozone
covers the "Maipuran" ("Maipurean") or "Core Arawakan" grouping, part of the "wider Arawakan" hypothesis; comprising
2 sets of languages (= 50 outer languages) formerly spoken by communities in the Caribbean and spoken at end 20
th
century by widely scattered communities in Meso-America
and South-America, from Guatemala and Belize to French Guiana and northern Brazil, Peru and Bolivia:
82-A WAYÚU+ BANIWA 82-B ASHÁNINGA+ YANESHA
originally Cuba; Haiti+ Dominican Rep.; Puerto Rico; Jamaica…; in
20th cent: Belize; Bolivia; Brazil;
Colombia; Dominica; French Guiana; Guatemala; Guyana; Honduras; Peru; St.Vincent; Surinam; Venezuela
5
82-A WAYÚU+ BANIWA set
MAIPURAN-NORTH
82-AA TAINO notional chain
82-AAA TAINO notional net
82-AAA-a Taino Greater Antilles archipelago ¶probably extinct by 18th century originally Cuba; Haiti+ Dominican Rep.; Puerto Rico; Jamaica…
82-AAA-aa taino representing at least one language for each major island originally Cuba; Haiti+ Dominican Rep.; Puerto Rico; Jamaica…
82-AB GARIFUNA+ 'DOMINICAN' chain
KALÍPHONA.
82-ABA Garifuna+ 'Dominican' net
kalíphona, inyeri-kalíphona, kalipona, "island carib" influence < [80=] Cariban; original [82=] Inyeri language was preserved by Arawakan women in communities dominated from 15th century by Carib males
speaking one or more [80=] Carib languages
82-ABA-a 'Dominican' kalíphona-N. ¶extinct since early 1920's Dominica island Dominica 0
82-ABA-aa 'dominican' Dominica 0
82-ABA-b Garífuna+ 'Vincentian'
kalíphona-S.St.Vincent island; deported late 18th cent. to Central
America
formerly St.Vincent; deportation> Belize; Guatemala; Honduras
5
82-ABA-ba garifuna "black carib" ¶speakers arrived as deportees from St.Vincent island in
1790's current dialects to be established Gulf of Honduras coast Belize; Guatemala; Honduras; also
Nicaragua 5
82-ABA-bb 'vincentian' ¶extinct since 1920's St.Vincent island St.Vincent 0
82-AC WAYÚU+ AROWÁK chain
WAHIRO
82-ACA WAYÚU+ ALILE net
82-ACA-a Wayúu wahiro "proper" La Guajira peninsula… Lago de Maracaibo west
shore Colombia (La Guajira); Venezuela (Zulia)
5
82-ACA-aa wayúu guajiro, wahiro, goahiro, goajiro, guajira (La Guajira); (Zulia) 5
82-ACA-b Alile+ Toa Paraujano, parahujano, parauhano, anyu ¶20 speakers or less in
1970's Tablazo bay: Guasare mouth Venezuela (Zulia) 1
82-ACA-ba alile (Zulia)
82-ACA-bb toa (Zulia)
82-ACB AROWÁK net
82-ACB-a Arowák arahuaco, arowak, aruak, aruaki, lokono geographically fragmented Venezuela (Delta Amacuro); Guyana (Essequibo; Demerara; Berbice); Surinam (Nickerie); French Guiana (St.Laurent du Maroni; Cayenne)
3
82-ACB-aa arowák-W. Isla Corocoro coast… west of Essequibo estuary (Delta Amacuro); (Essequibo) 3*
82-ACB-ab arowák-C. coast & swamps around Berbice estuary… Courantyne, Corantijn valley
(Demerara; Berbice); (Nickerie) 3*
82-ACB-ac arowák-E. Mana middle valley… Courcibo valley (St.Laurent du Maroni; Cayenne) 2
82-AD ATORAÍ+ MAOPIDYÁN chain
WAPIXANA, wapixána, wapitxana, wapisiana, vapidiana
82-ADA ATORAÍ+ MAOPIDYÁN net
82-ADA-a Atoraí+ Maopidyán geographically fragmented Kanuku mountains>S.: Rupunini valley… Uraricuera valley
Guyana (Essequibo); Brazil (Roraima); also Venezuela (Bolívar)
4
82-ADA-aa atoraí ator'ti, dauri Guyana and/or Brazil
82-ADA-ab mawakua Guyana and/or Brazil
82-ADA-ac maopidyán maopidian, mapidian, maopityan, maiopitian Guyana and/or Brazil
82-ADA-ad mawayana mahuayana Guyana and/or Brazil
82-ADA-ae amariba ¶perhaps extinct Guyana and/or Brazil
page 580 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition
82-AE PALIKÚR+ MARAWÁN chain
82-AEA PALIKÚR+ MARAWÁN net
82-AEA-a Palikúr+ Marawán French Guiana (Cayenne); Brazil (Amapá)
3
82-AEA-aa palikúr palikour, palicur, palijur Oyapock, Oiapoque river (Cayenne); (Amapá) 3
82-AEA-ab marawán+ karipurá Brazil (Amapá) 0
82-AF TSASE+ JUKUNA chain
82-AFA TSASE+ ACHAGUA net
82-AFA-a Achagua Colombia (Meta; Boyaca); also Venezuela
2
82-AFA-aa achagua ajagua, xagua, achagwa (Meta; Boyaca) 2
82-AFA-b Amarizana Colombia (Meta) 0
82-AFA-ba amarizana (Meta) 0
82-AFA-c Tsase Piapoko Colombia (Vaupés; Vichada; Guainia); Venezuela (Amazonas); also Brazil (Amazonas)
3
82-AFA-ca tsase dzase, dzaze (Vaupés; Vichada; Guainia); Venezuela (Amazonas)
3
82-AFB CAVIYARI net
82-AFB-a Caviyarí Cananarí river Colombia (Amazonas) 2*
82-AFB-aa caviyarí kaviyarí, kawiyarí, cabiyari, cabiuarí, cauyarí, kauyarí, cuyare, kawillary Colombia (Amazonas) 2*
82-AFC INAHISHANA net WAINUMÁ X
82-AFC-a Inahishana Brazil (Amazonas) 0
82-AFC-aa inahishana wainumá, wai, waima, wainumi, wainambi, waipi, yanuma (Amazonas) 0
82-AFD ANAUYÁ* net X
82-AFD-a Anauyá Venezuela (Amazonas) 0
82-AFD-aa anauyá (Amazonas) 0
82-AFE GUAREQUENA+ MANDAHUACA net
WAREKENA
82-AFE-a Guarequena* Guainía valley… Isana, Içana valleys Brazil (Amazonas); Venezuela (Amazonas); Colombia (Guainía)
2
82-AFE-aa guarequena guarekena, arequena, urequema, warekena, walékhena, warekeña, werekena, uerequema, werikena
Brazil (Amazonas); Venezuela (Amazonas); Colombia (Guainía)
2
82-AFE-b Mandahuaca mandawaka Brazil (Amazonas); Venezuela (Amazonas)
3
82-AFE-ba mandahuaca mandauaca, mandawáka, ihini, arihini, maldavaca, cunipusana, yavita, mitua Casiquiare river… Baria river
Brazil (Amazonas); Venezuela (Amazonas)
3
82-AFE-c Xiriana* insufficent data for certain classification within this net Demeni tributaries… Rio Negro left-bank tributaries
Brazil (Amazonas) 2*
82-AFE-ca xiriana shiriana, xiriâna (Amazonas) 2*
82-AFF JUMANA+ PASE net X
82-AFF-a Jumana Río-Negro area Brazil (Amazonas) 0
82-AFF-aa jumana Brazil (Amazonas) 0
82-AFF-b Pase Río-Negro area Brazil (Amazonas) 0
82-AFF-ba pase Brazil (Amazonas) 0
82-AFF-c Kaiwishana Río-Negro area Brazil (Amazonas) 0
82-AFF-ca kaiwishana Brazil (Amazonas) 0
82-AFG YUCUNA+ GARU net
82-AFG-a Yucuna Caquetá tributary: Miriti+ Parana valley Colombia (Amazonas) 3
82-AFG-aa yucuna yukuna, jukuna, chukuna, matapí Colombia (Amazonas) 3
82-AFG-b Garu Colombia (Caquetá) 2*
82-AFG-ba garu guaru (Caquetá)
82-AG BANIWA+ TARIANA chain
82-AGA TARIANA net
82-AGA-a Tariana tariáno, taliáseri Vaupés river Brazil (Vaupés); formerly also Colombia (Vaupés)
3*
8= SOUTH-AMERICA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 581
82-AGB BANIWA+ MAPANAI* net
KARU, including tapuya, tapuia kadawa-purtana, cadaua-puritana, kadau-purítana #the names tapuya and kadawa-purtana have each been applied to several idioms in an area of confused and variable
ethnolinguistic nomenclature
82-AGB-a Ipeca+ Cúrrim Brazil (Amazonas); Colombia (Vaupés; Guainia); Venezuela (Amazonas)
3*
82-AGB-aa cúrrim curripaco, curipaco, kuripaco, kurripaco, kuripako, koripako, korispaso, korripako, karupaka Isana, Içana river… Guainia river… Inírida rivers
Colombia (Vaupés; Guainia); Venezuela (Amazonas)
3*
82-AGB-ab unhun enhen, onhon Brazil (Amazonas)
82-AGB-ac ipeca pato-tapuya, pato-tapuia, cumata, ipeka, ipeca-tapuia, ipeka-tapuya, ipeka-tapuia, pacu, paku-tapuya, payuliene, payuáliene, palioariene Isana, Içana river
Brazil (Amazonas) 2
82-AGB-ad waliperi veliperi Brazil (Amazonas)
82-AGB-b Baniwa+ Wadzoli Huhúteni, karru, carútana, karutana, kurútana Isana, Içana middle
river… Ayarí, Aiari river Colombia (Amazonas); Venezuela (Amazonas); Brazil (Amazonas)
4
82-AGB-ba baniwa-N. baniva-N., avani, ayane, abane Colombia (Amazonas); Venezuela (Amazonas)
0
82-AGB-bb quirruba* Colombia (Amazonas); Venezuela (Amazonas)
0
82-AGB-bc baniwa-S. baniua-do-içana, maniba, baniva-S., baniba, issana Río Negro valley… Isana, Içana valley
Colombia (Amazonas); Venezuela (Amazonas); Brazil (Amazonas)
3
82-AGB-bd kohoroxitari classification with Baniwa-S. to be confirmed Rio Negro valley… Brazil (Amazonas) 2
82-AGB-be hohodene hohodena Brazil (Amazonas)
82-AGB-bf siusí suisy, suisy-tapuia, siusy-tapuya, seuci, siuci, siusi Brazil (Amazonas)
82-AGB-bg adaru Brazil (Amazonas)
82-AGB-bh arara Brazil (Amazonas)
82-AGB-bi dzaui dzawi Brazil (Amazonas)
82-AGB-bj adzáneni tatú Brazil (Amazonas)
82-AGB-bk yauarete jauarete, yawareté, yawarete-tapuya Brazil (Amazonas)
82-AGB-bl yurupari jurupari, yurupari-tapuya Brazil (Amazonas)
82-AGB-bm máulieni kawa Brazil (Amazonas)
82-AGB-bn mapache Brazil (Amazonas)
82-AGB-bo wadzoli uadzoli Brazil (Amazonas)
82-AGB-bp urubu Brazil (Amazonas)
82-AGB-c Mapanai+ Katapolítani
Brazil (Amazonas) 2*
82-AGB-ca katapolítani Brazil (Amazonas)
82-AGB-cb moriwene sikuriyú Brazil (Amazonas)
82-AGB-cc mapanai ira Brazil (Amazonas)
82-AGB-d Yabaana* insufficent data for certain classification within this net Marauiá+ Cauaboris headwaters
Brazil (Amazonas) 1
82-AGB-da yabaana jabaana, yabaâna, yabarana Brazil (Amazonas) 1
82-AH BARÉ+ YAVITERO chain
82-AHA BARÉ+ GUINAO net
82-AHA-a Guinao+ Temomoyamo
Venezuela (Bolívar) 0
82-AHA-aa guinao ginao, quinhao, guaniare, inao (Bolívar)
82-AHA-ab temomoyamo* temomeyeme (Bolívar)
82-AHA-b Baré+ Barawana barawana, barauna, barauana, ihini, arihini, maldavaca, cunipusana, yavita, mitua Guainía valley… Casiquiare valley… Río Negro upper valley
Venezuela (Amazonas); Brazil (Amazonas)
2
82-AHA-ba baré barawâna-N. Venezuela (Amazonas) 2
82-AHA-bb barawana baré-S., "brazilian" baré Brazil (Amazonas) 1
82-AHA-c Marawá* insufficent data for certain classification within this net Brazil (Amazonas) 0
82-AHA-ca marawá* (Amazonas) 0
82-AHB YAVITERO net X
82-AHB-a Yavitero ¶extinct since 1980's Venezuela 0
82-AHB-aa yavitero yavitano, paraene Venezuela 0
82-AI RESÍGARO chain
82-AIA RESÍGARO net
82-AIA-a Resígaro near Putumayo river Peru (Loreto); Colombia (Amazonas)
1
82-AIA-aa resígaro resígero (Loreto); (Amazonas) 1
page 582 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition
82-AJ MANAO+ KARIAÍ chain
X
82-AJA MANAO net X
82-AJA-a Manao Brazil (Amazonas) 0
82-AJA-aa manao Brazil (Amazonas) 0
82-AJB KARIAÍ net X
82-AJB-a Kariaí Brazil (Roraima) 0
82-AJB-aa kariaí (Roraima) 0
82-AK TUBARÃO+ MASAKÁ* chain
insufficent data for certain classification
82-AKA TUBARÃO+ MASAKÁ net
82-AKA-a Tubarão+ Masaká Brazil (Rondônia) 2*
82-AKA-aa tubarão aikaná, huari, wari, uari, corumbiara, kolumbiara (Rondônia)
82-AKA-ab masaká massacá (Rondônia)
82-B ASHÁNINGA+ YANESHA set
MAIPURAN-SOUTH
82-BA YANESHA+ CHAMICURO chain
82-BAA CHAMICURO net
82-BAA-a Chamicuro tributary of Huallaga river Peru (Loreto) 2
82-BAA-aa chamicuro chamicura, chamicolo (Loreto) 2
82-BAB YANESHA net AMUESHA
82-BAB-a Yanesha Pachitea+ Perea headwaters Peru (Pasco; Junín) 3
82-BAB-aa yanesha amuesha, amuese, amueixa, amoishe, amagues, amage, omage, amajo, amaje, amuetamo
(Pasco; Junín) 3
82-BB ASHÁNINGA+ MACHIGUENGA* chain
CAMPA, kampa
82-BBA ASHÁNINGA+ MACHIGUENGA net
82-BBA-a Asháninga+ Casharari
campa-NW. Peru (Huánuco; Pasco; Loreto; Junín; Cuzco); also Brazil (Acre; Amazones)
4
82-BBA-aa asháni-nga asháni-nca, asháninca-campa (Huánuco; Pasco; Loreto) 4
82-BBA-ab ashéni-nga ashéni-nca, ashéninca-campa (Loreto…) 3
82-BBA-ac pajonal part of pajonal-campa Gran Pajonal highlands (Pasco; Junín; Loreto)
82-BBA-ad ats-iri at-iri, part of pajonal-campa (Loreto…)
82-BBA-ae ucay-ali Ucayali valley (Loreto) 3
82-BBA-af unini Ucayali upper valley: Unini (Loreto)
82-BBA-ag pichis Pichis valley (Pasco) 3
82-BBA-ah perene Perené upper valley (Junín) 3
82-BBA-ai apurucay-ali Apurimac valley (Cuzco)
82-BBA-aj cashar-ari kashar-ari, jurua-purus 2 (Cuzco*…) 2
82-BBA-b Machiguenga+ Cogapacori
campa-SE. Peru (Junín; Cuzco; Loreto; Madre de Dios)
4
82-BBA-ba no-matsigue-nga no-matsiguenga-campa, no-matsigenga, at-iri (Junín) 3
82-BBA-bb caquinte caquinte-campa, kakinte, poyenisate, 'cachomash-iri', 'kachomas-iri' Picha valley… Mayapo valley… Poyeni valley
(Cuzco)
82-BBA-bc machigue-nga matsige-nga, matsiga-nga, matsige-nka, macheye-nga Urubamba valley… Mishagua valley… Camisea valley… Picha valley… Manu valley…
(Cuzco; Loreto; Madre de Dios) 3
82-BBA-bd mañaries (Cuzco*…)
82-BBA-be cogapac-ori (Cuzco*…) 2
82-BC PIRO+ APURIÑA chain
82-BCA PIRO+ CANAMARÉ net
82-BCA-a Piro+ Canamaré geographically fragmented Peru (Loreto); Brazil (Acre); formerly Bolivia (Pando)
3
82-BCA-aa piro maniteneri-W., piro "proper", pirro, pira Urubamba… Ucayali valleys (Loreto) 3
82-BCA-ab contaquiro chontakiro (Loreto)
82-BCA-ac simirinch simirinche, simiranch (Loreto)
82-BCA-ad manitenerí piro-E., manchineri, machinere, maxinéri, manchinere, manitenere Acre upper left bank
(Acre)
82-BCA-ae 'mashco'-piro cujareno, cujarenño, inñapari, inamari, 'mashco' ¶nomadic Cujar valley… Purus valley… Tahuamanu upper valley… Mishagua valley… Piedras valley
(Madre de Dios); (Acre); (formerly Pando)
2*
82-BCA-af canamaré kanamaré (Acre) 0
8= SOUTH-AMERICA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 583
82-BCB APURIÑA* net
82-BCB-a Apuriña ipurinân, apurina, ipurina, jurua-purus Acre+ Purus river: Rio Branco… Manaus (fragmented riverine communities over a length of 1000 miles)
Brazil (Acre; Amazonas) 3
82-BCB-aa apuriña-A. Brazil (Acre and/or Amazonas)
82-BCB-ab kangite Brazil (Acre and/or Amazonas)
82-BCB-ac popeng-are Brazil (Acre and/or Amazonas)
82-BCB-ad zuruahá coxodoá Brazil (Acre and/or Amazonas)
82-BD BAURE+ MOJO chain
82-BDA BAURE net
82-BDA-a Baure west of Itonamas river Bolivia (El Beni) 1*
82-BDA-aa baure (El Beni) 1*
82-BDB MOJO+ BANURE net
82-BDB-a Mojo moxo, moxos, mojos, "ignaciano+ trinitario" Tijamuchi upper valley Bolivia (El Beni) 4
82-BDB-aa 'ignaciano' (El Beni)
82-BDB-ab 'loretano' part of "trinitario" (El Beni)
82-BDB-ac 'javierano' part of "trinitario" (El Beni)
82-BDB-b Banure Bolivia (El Beni) 2
82-BDB-ba banure chiquimiti, chikimiti Bolivia (El Beni) 2
82-BDB-c Pauna+ Paikone Bolivia (Santa Cruz) 0
82-BDB-ca pauna paunaca (Santa Cruz) 0
82-BDB-cb paikone paiconeca (Santa Cruz) 0
82-BE TERENA+ GUANA chain
82-BEA TERENA+ GUANA net
82-BEA-a Terena 4
82-BEA-aa terena terêna, tereno, etelena Brazil (Mato Grosso) 4
82-BEA-b Guana Brazil (Mato Grosso) 0
82-BEA-ba guana kinikinao, chuala, chana, paraná-E., kinihinao, equinao ¶extinct (Mato Grosso) 0
82-BF PARESÍ+ SARAVECA chain
82-BFA PARESÍ+ SARAVECA net
82-BFA-a Paresí+ Saraveca Planalto do Mato Grosso plateau Brazil (Mato Grosso) 2
82-BFA-aa paresí paressí, parecís (Mato Grosso)
82-BFA-ab haliti* (Mato Grosso)
82-BFA-ac saraveca (Mato Grosso)
82-BG WAURA+ YAWALAPITI chain
82-BGA WAURA+ YAWALAPITI net
82-BGA-a Waura+ Custenau Xingu river-basin Brazil (Mato Grosso) 2
82-BGA-aa custenau kustenau (Mato Grosso) 0
82-BGA-ab mehináku mehinaco, mahinaku, minaco (Mato Grosso) 2
82-BGA-ac waurá uaura, aura (Mato Grosso) 2
82-BGA-b Yawalapití Brazil (Mato Grosso) 1
82-BGA-ba yawalapití jaulapiti, yaulapiti (Mato Grosso) 1
page 584 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition
83= PRE-ANDES geozone
covers the "Pre-Andes" reference area, composed of sets not
covered by any phylozone; comprising 20 sets of languages (= 73 outer languages) spoken by communities in South America along the eastern margins of the Andes:
83-A COFÁN 83-B MURUI+ OKAINA 83-C ANDOQUE 83-D BORA+ MIRAÑA 83-E SHUAR+ AGUAJUN 83-F CHAYAHUITA+ JEVERO 83-G SHIMACU+ ITUCALI 83-H CÁYAPWI+ IQUITO
83-I YAMÉO+ NIXAMWI 83-J ITE'TSHI 83-K OMURANO 83-L CANDOXI+ CHAPARA 83-M YURAKARE+ MANSINYO 83-N CASHIBO+ JUANAWO 83-O CHAPACURA+ TORÁ 83-P ITONAMA+ SARAMO
83-Q CAYUBABA 83-R BAGUAJA+ ISIAMA 83-S MOSETEN+ TSIMANÉ 83-T TEHUELCHE+ ONA
including languages sometimes known as 'maina' or 'mayna',
an outsiders' term applied indifferently to a variety of indigenous languages in Peru and adjacent countries
From Ecuador to Bolivia, "Amerindian" languages in the Pre-Andes area are frequently submerged < [84=] Quechua+ Quichua, as well as by [51=] Español.
Argentina; Bolivia; Brazil; Chile; Colombia; Ecuador; Peru
4
83-A COFÁN set
83-AA COFÁN chain
83-AAA COFÁN net
83-AAA-a Cofán kofan, kofane, a'i Colombia (Putumayo); Ecuador (Napo)
2
83-AAA-aa cofán-NW. "santa-rosa" San Miguel valley: Santa Rosa de Sucumbio & downstream
(Putumayo); (Napo) 2
83-AAA-ab cofán-SE. aguarico-2 Aguarico valley (Napo) 2
83-B MURUI+ OKAINA set witotoan, part of "wider" witotoan
83-BA MURUI+ OKAINA chain
83-BAA MURUI+ NÜPODE net
HUITOTO, witoto, minica+ murui
83-BAA-a Murui murui-huitoto, including bue Caquetá lower river… Amazonas upper
river: Caraparana… Putumayo… Leticia valleys
Colombia (Amazonas); Peru (Loreto); Brazil (Amazonas)
3
83-BAA-aa murui-N. Colombia… 3
83-BAA-ab murui-C. Peru… 3
83-BAA-ac murui-S. Brazil… 0
83-BAB-a Nüpode+ Noaiko* Minica, meneka, minika, meneca-huitoto Caquetá lower river (Isla de los Monos)… Caguan river (Sanvicente del Caguan)
Colombia (Amazonas); Peru (Loreto); Brazil (Amazonas)
3
83-BAB-aa nüpode nipode Colombia; Peru; also Brazil
83-BAB-ab noaiko-muína muinane-meneca, part of non-linguistic muinana, muinani, muenam distinct from neighbouring [83=] Bora (Muinane-Bora)
Colombia; also Peru 3
83-BAC NONUÑA net X
83-BAC-a Nonuña perhaps including hairuya Peru (Loreto) 0*
83-BAC-aa nonuña nonuya, nyonuhu, achote, achiote (Loreto) 0*
83-BAD COERUNA net X
83-BAD-a Coeruna Brazil (Amazonas) 0
83-BAD-aa coeruna koeruna (Amazonas) 0
83-BAE ANDOQUERO net X
83-BAE-a Andoquero Colombia (Amazonas) 0
83-BAE-aa andoquero andokero, miraña, carpana (Amazonas) 0
83-BAF OCAINA+ DUKAIYA net
83-BAF-a Ocaina+ Dukaiya Ampicayu valley… Putumayo valley Peru (Loreto); also Colombia (Amazonas)
2
83-BAF-aa ocaina okaina Peru (Loreto); also Colombia (Amazonas)
83-BAF-ab dukaiya Peru (Loreto)…
83-BAF-ac ibo'tsa Peru (Loreto)…
83-BAG OREJÓN net X
83-BAG-a Orejón Peru (Loreto) 0
83-BAG-aa orejón koihoma, koto (Loreto) 0
8= SOUTH-AMERICA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 585
83-C ANDOQUE set part of "wider" witotoan
83-CA ANDOQUE set
83-CAA ANDOQUE set
83-CAA-a Andoque Caqueta valley: Aduche tributary Peru (Loreto); Colombia (Amazonas)
2
83-CAA-aa andoque andoke Peru (Loreto); Colombia
(Amazonas)
2
83-D BORA+ MIRAÑA set miranyan, borano, part of "wider" witotoan
83-DA BORA+ MIRAÑA chain
83-DAA BORA+ MIRAÑA net "wider" bora
83-DAA-a Bora+ Faai* Caqueta valley Colombia (Amazonas); Peru (Loreto)
2
83-DAA-aa bora muinane-bora, part of non-linguistic muinana, muinani, muenam distinct from neighbouring [83=] Noaiko-Muína (Muinane-Meneca)
Colombia; Peru
83-DAA-ab faai* Colombia; Peru
83-DAA-ac imihita* Colombia; Peru
83-DAA-b Miraña Caqueta valley: Miraña environs… Putumayo valley: Puca Urco environs
Colombia (Amazonas); Peru (Loreto); Brazil (Amazonas)
3
83-DAA-ba miraña bora-miraña, miraña, miranya, miranha (Amazonas); (Loreto); (Amazonas) 3
83-E SHUAR+ AGUAJUN set
"WIDER"-JIVARO, "wider" hivaro, part of hívaro+ kawapánan
83-EA SHUAR+ AGUAJUN chain
83-EAA SHUAR+ AGUAJUN net
83-EAA-a Shuar+ Huambisa Jivaro, hívaro, xíbaro, xívaro, jibaro, chiwaro Ecuador (Pastaza; Morona-Santiago); Peru (Loreto; Amazonas)
4
83-EAA-aa shuar jivaro-W., shuara Central Andes forested eastern slopes Ecuador (Morona-Santiago) 4
83-EAA-ab achuara achuar+ shiwiar, achual, achuale, including shiwiar Ecuador (Pastaza, Morona-Santiago), Peru (Loreto)
3
83-EAA-aba achuara-N. jivaro-N. Pastaza valley Bobonaza valley Ecuador (Pastaza; Morona-Santiago)
83-EAA-abb achuara-S. jivaro-S. Morona valley Tigre valley Peru (Loreto)
83-EAA-ac huambisa huambiza, wambisa Santiago valley (Amazonas)
83-EAA-b Aguajun Marañon middle river & tributaries Peru (Amazonas; Loreto) 4
83-EAA-ba aguajun aguaruna, awaruna, awahun, ahuajun (Amazonas; Loreto) 4
83-F CHAYAHUITA+ JEVERO set
"kahuapanan", cahuapanano
83-FA CHAYAHUITA+ JEVERO chain
83-FAA CHAYAHUITA+ YAMORAÍ net
83-FAA-a Chayahuita+ Yamoraí
between Marañon & Huallaga valleys Peru (Loreto; San Martín) 3
83-FAA-aa chayahuita chayahuita "proper", chayawita, chawi, tsaahui, chayhuita, chayabita, shayabit, balsapuertino, paranapura foothills west of Huallaga river
Peru
83-FAA-ab cahuapana kahuapana, cahuapa, kawapaná Peru
83-FAA-ac yamoraí Peru
83-FAB JEVERO net
83-FAB-a Jevero Jeberos district Peru (Loreto) 3
83-FAB-aa jevero jebero, jevero, hevero, xebero, chebero, shewélo, xihuila (Loreto) 3
83-G SHIMACU+ ITUCALI* set
URARINA
83-GA SHIMACU+ ITUCALI chain
83-GAA SHIMACU+ ITUCALI net
83-GAA-a Shimacu+ Itucali urarina, oruariña, oruarinya Marañon left bank tributaries: Chambira+ Tigre etc.
Peru (Loreto) 3
83-GAA-aa shimacu shimaku, chimaku (Loreto)
83-GAA-ab itucali itukale (Loreto)
83-GAA-ac singacuchusca singakuchuska (Loreto)
83-GAA-ad arucuye aracuye (Loreto)
83-GAA-ae chambira huambisa (Loreto)
83-GAA-af waorani (Loreto)
page 586 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition
83-H CÁYAPWI+ IQUITO set
; including languages submerged < the advance of [84=] Quechua+
Quichua (Pastaza), in an area between Napo & Pastaza rivers
83-HA CÁYAPWI+ CHIRIPUNU chain
83-HAA CÁYAPWI+ CONAMBO net
ZAPARO
83-HAA-a Cáyapwi+ Conambo Curaray valley… Bobanza valley Peru (Loreto), migration> Ecuador (Pastaza)
2
83-HAA-aa cáyapwi sáparo, zaparo, zaparoano, zápara, káyapwi, kayapwé Peru (Loreto)
83-HAA-ab conambo konambo Conambo valley Peru (Loreto)
83-HAB CHIRIPUNU+ SIMICAI net
ARABELA+ ANDOA
83-HAB-a Chiripunu+ Simicai Peru (Loreto) 2
83-HAB-aa chiripunu arabela, chiripuno Napo tributary: Arabela valley (Loreto) 2
83-HAB-ab aushiri auxira Napo right bank tributaries (Loreto) 0
83-HAB-ac simicai andoa, simikai, shimigae, semigae, gae, gaye ¶5 speakers in 1980's
submerged < [84=] Quechua+ Quichua (Pastaza) Pastaza valley (Loreto) 1
83-HB IQUITO+ CAHUARÁN chain
83-HBA IQUITO+ CAHUARÁN net
83-HBA-a Iquito+ Cahuarán Nanay valley Peru (Loreto) 2
83-HBA-aa iquito ikito, iquita, quiturran (Loreto) 2
83-HBA-ab amacacore* amakakore, hamacore (Loreto)
83-HBA-ac puca-uma* puka-uma (Loreto)
83-HBA-ad cahuarán kawarán, cawaran, cahuarano ¶5 speakers in 1970's submerged <
[84=] Quechua+ Quichua (Pastaza) Nanay valley (Loreto) 1*
83-I YAMÉO+ NIXAMWI set
yawan, peban, peba-yaguan
83-IA YAMÉO+ NIXAMWI chain
83-IAA YAMÉO net
83-IAA-a Yaméo Amazon+ Manañon left-bank: Tigre… Nanay tributaries Peru (Loreto) 1*
83-IAA-aa yaméo ¶perhaps extinct (50 speakers in 1920's) (Loreto) 1*
83-IAB PEBA net X
83-IAB-a Peba Peru (Loreto) 0*
83-IAB-aa peba peva (Loreto) 0*
83-IAC NIXAMWI net YAGUA
83-IAC-a Nixamwi Amazon valley: Iquitos to Colombia & Brazil frontiers Peru (Loreto) 3
83-IAC-aa nixamwi yagua, yahua, llagua, yegua, yava (Loreto) 3
83-J ITE'TSHI set TAUSHIRO
83-JA ITE'TSHI chain
83-JAA ITE'TSHI net
83-JAA-a Ite'tshi off Tigre valley: Intutu environs Peru (Loreto) 1
83-JAA-aa ite'tshi taushiro, pinchi, pinche (Loreto) 1
83-K OMURANO set X
83-KA OMURANO chain X
83-KAA OMURANO net X
83-KAA-a Omurano Peru (Loreto) 0
83-KAA-aa omurano omurana, numurana, humurana, roamaina, umurano (Loreto) 0
83-L CANDOXI+ CHAPARA set
83-LA CANDOXI+ CHAPARA chain
83-LAA CANDOXI+ CHAPARA net
83-LAA-a Candoxi+ Chapara Morona valley… Pastaza valley… Huitoyacu valley… Chapuli valley Peru (Loreto) 3
83-LAA-aa candoxi kandoshi, candoshi (Loreto)
83-LAA-ab chapara shapra, kandoashi (Loreto)
83-LAA-ac murato* morato (Loreto)
8= SOUTH-AMERICA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 587
83-M YURACARE+ MANSINYO set
83-MA YURACARE+ MANSINYO chain
83-MAA YURACARE+ MANSINYO net
83-MAA-a Yuracare+ Mansinyo north of Cordillera de Cochabamba mountains Bolivia (Beni; Cochabamba) 3
83-MAA-aa yuracare yura (Beni; Cochabamba)
83-MAA-ab mansinyo (Beni; Cochabamba)
83-MAA-ac soloto (Beni; Cochabamba)
83-N CASHIBO+ JUANAWO set
PANOAN, part of pano+ takanan classification into chains and nets to be reviewed #the suffix recorded as -nawa, -naawa, -naua, -nahua (or -nauo, -navo) has been standarised as -nawa (or -nawo) in reference-names in this set, alongside the suffixes -bo (or -bu) and -waca (for -huaca)
83-NA CASHIBO+ CASHINAWA chain
83-NAA CASHIBO+ NOCAMAN net
83-NAA-a Cashibo+ Cacataibo hagueti, managua Aguaytia… San Alejandro valleys Peru (Loreto) 3
83-NAA-aa cashi-bo cashi, kashi-bo, caxi-bo, caci-bo, cahi-vo (Loreto) 2
83-NAA-ab cacatai-bo kakatai-bo (Loreto) 2
83-NAA-b Nocaman ¶presumed extinct; 3 speakers reported in 1920's Inuya headwaters… Amueya valley… Tamaya valley
Peru (Loreto) 0
83-NAA-ba nocaman nocoman, nokaman Peru (Loreto) 0
83-NAB PISABO+ PAHENBAQUEBO* net
TAPICHE
83-NAB-a Pisabo+ Mayubo Peru (Loreto); Brazil (Acre; Amazonas)
4*
83-NAB-aa mayu-bo mayu, mayo between Tapiche & Blanco valleys (Loreto) 0*
83-NAB-ab pisa-bo pisa-hua, pisa-gua between Tapiche & Blanco valleys (Loreto) 4
83-NAB-b Pahenbaquebo+ Capanawa
transition < Panoan-CE. Tapiche valley… Buncuya valley (Loreto) 2
83-NAB-ba capa-nawa capa-nahua, kapa-nawa separate identity from [83=] Capa-nawa-2 to
be confirmed
(Loreto) 2
83-NAB-bb pahenbaque-bo pahenbaque (Loreto)
83-NAC SHIPIBO+ MARÚBO net
83-NAC-a Shipibo+ Pichobo "wider" shipiUcayali middle valley Peru (Loreto) 4
83-NAC-aa shipi-bo shipi (Loreto)
83-NAC-ab coni-bo coni, koni-bo, coni-ba (Loreto)
83-NAC-ac pisqui-bo pisqui (Loreto)
83-NAC-ad shete-bo shete, sete-bo, seti-bo, xiti-bo (Loreto)
83-NAC-ae manoita (Loreto)
83-NAC-af isco-nawa isco-nahua, isco-baque-bu Callaria valley (Loreto) 1
83-NAC-ag picho-bo picho, picho-bu Tahuania valley (Loreto) 0
83-NAC-ah saboi-bo saboi Tahuania valley (Loreto)
83-NAC-b Capanawa Canchyuaya hills Peru (Loreto) 3
83-NAC-ba capa-nawa-2 capa-nahua 2 separate identity from [83=] Capa-Nawa (in
Pahenbaquebo+ Capanawa net) to be confirmed (Loreto) 3
83-NAC-c Marúbo+ Corubo Curuçá+ Ipixuna+ Javarí headwaters Brazil (Amazonas) 2
83-NAC-ca marú-bo marú, maruba, marova (Amazonas)
83-NAC-cb coru-bo koru (Amazonas)
83-NAC-d Waninnawa+ Sanainawa*
Catucina, katukina, catuquína-juruá Gregório valley Brazil (Amazonas; Acre) 3
83-NAC-da wanin-nawa (Amazonas and/or Acre)
83-NAC-db kaman-nawa kaman-naua, kama-nawa 2 (Amazonas and/or Acre)
83-NAC-dc arara-shawa-nawa shawa-nawa-arara (Amazonas and/or Acre)
83-NAC-dd arara-wa (Amazonas and/or Acre)
83-NAC-de arara-pina (Amazonas and/or Acre)
83-NAC-df sanai-nawa sanai-nawa-cana (Amazonas and/or Acre)
83-NAC-e Remo between Tapiche & Calleria valleys… Moa headwaters Peru (Loreto); Brazil (Acre) 0
83-NAC-ea remo rheno (Loreto); (Acre)
83-NAD PANABO net X
83-NAD-a Panobo Ucayali middle valley Peru (Loreto) 0
83-NAD-aa pano-bo pana, pano, huaria-pano, waria-pano, manoa, pelado (Loreto)
page 588 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition
83-NAE PUINAWA+ MORUNAWA* net
83-NAE-a Puinawa+ Yahuanawa
Brazil (Amazonas; Acre); also Peru 3
83-NAE-aa xipi-nawa xipi-náwa, xipi-nahua (Amazonas; Acre) 0
83-NAE-ab pui-nawa poya-náwa, pui-nahua, poia-nááua, pui-nahuam Jumá tributary: Môa valley
(Acre) 2
83-NAE-ac yahua-nawa yawa-nawa, iaua-naua, jawa-naua, yahua-nahua (Acre) 2
83-NAE-b Parquenawa+ Kamanawa
Peru (Ucayali; Madre de Dios); Brazil (Acre)
3
83-NAE-ba parque-nawa parque-nahua, manu-park-panoan, nahua Panagua valley: Madre de Dios
Peru+ Brazil frontier
83-NAE-bb tushi-nawa tushi-nahua Peru+ Brazil frontier
83-NAE-bc kama-nawa kama-nahua Peru+ Brazil frontier
83-NAE-c Morunawa+ Paconawa
Envira, Embira headwaters Peru (Ucayali); Brazil (Acre) 2
83-NAE-ca moru-nawa moro-nawa, moru-nahua Peru…
83-NAE-cb horu-nawa horu-nahua, horu-dahua, fore-dafa Peru…
83-NAE-cc paco-nawa paco-nahuaCuranja+ Purus valleys Peru…
83-NAF CASHINAWA+ YAMINAWA net
83-NAF-a Amawaca+ Inuvaceu Sepahua valley… Curiuja valley… Ucayali upper valley… Inuya valley… Mapuya valley… Purus valley
Peru (Ucayali; Cuzco; Madre de Dios); Brazil (Acre)
3
83-NAF-aa ama-waca ama-huaka, ama-wáka, ama-guaco, amue-haque, amen-guaca Peru…
83-NAF-ab sa-yaco sa-yako, sa-yacu Peru…
83-NAF-ac inu-vaceu Peru…
83-NAF-ad viwi-vaceu Peru…
83-NAF-b Cashinawa+ Sheminawa*
kashi-nahua, kaxi-nawá, kaxy-nawa, kaxi-nauá, caxi-nawá Curanja… Purus valleys
Peru; Brazil (Amazonas) 3
83-NAF-ba cashi-nawa cashi-nahua, kashi-nahua, kaxi-nawá, kaxy-nawa, kaxi-nauá, caxi-nawá
Peru…
83-NAF-bb nukuini Peru…
83-NAF-bc neha-nawa Peru…
83-NAF-bd shemi-nawa shemi-nahua Peru…
83-NAF-c Sharanawa+ Chandinawa
Purus upper drainage… Envira, Embira upper drainage Peru (Loreto); Brazil (Acre) 3
83-NAF-ca shara-nawa shara-nahua Peru…
83-NAF-cb mari-nawa mari-náwa, mari-nahua Peru…
83-NAF-cc chandi-nawa chandi-nahua Peru…
83-NAF-d Yaminawa+ Shaonawa
Huacapishtea… Mapuya valleys Peru (Madre de Dios); also Brazil; and migration> Bolivia (Pando)
3
83-NAF-da yami-nawa jami-nawá, yami-nahua, yumi-nahua, yama-nawa Peru…
83-NAF-db masta-nawa masta-nahua Peru…
83-NAF-dc masro-nawa masro-dawa, masro-nahua Peru…
83-NAF-dd cujareño* Peru…
83-NAF-de nishi-nawa nishi-dawa, nishi-nahua Peru…
83-NAF-df chito-nawa chito-dawa, citto-nahua Peru…
83-NAF-dg shao-nawa shao-dawa, shahua-nahua, shao-nahua Peru…
83-NAG ATSAWACA+ YAMIACA net
X
83-NAG-a Atsawaca+ Yamiaca ¶20 speakers in 1904 Tambopata tributary: Carama valley… Inambari tributary: Chaspa valley
Peru (Madre de Dios) 0
83-NAG-aa atsa-waca atsa-huaca (Madre de Dios)
83-NAG-ab yam-iaca (Madre de Dios)
83-NB MATSÉS+ MAYORUNA chain
83-NBA MATSÉS+ MAYORUNA net
83-NBA-a Matsés+ Mayoruna matse, matís ; a possible fusion of related idioms spoken by refugee
groups near Tapiche headwaters Peru (Loreto); Brazil (Acre; Amazonas)
3
83-NBA-aa matsés Peru… 3
83-NBA-ab mayoruna majoruna, maxuruna, majuruna, mayiruna, maxirona, magirona, mayuzuna
Peru…
83-NC CASHARARÍ chain
83-NCA CASHARARÍ net
83-NCA-a Cashararí Jurua valley… Purus valley Brazil (Amazonas) 2
83-NCA-aa cashar-arí kashar-ari (Amazonas) 2
8= SOUTH-AMERICA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 589
83-ND CULINO chain X
83-NDA CULINO net X
83-NDA-a Culino near Peru frontier apparently distinct from [87=] Kulina (Kulino) in
same geographic area Brazil (Amazonas) 0
83-NDA-aa culino (Amazonas) 0
83-NE XANINAWA chain X
83-NEA XANINAWA net X
83-NEA-a Xaninawa shani-nawa Brazil (Acre) 0*
83-NEA-aa xani-nawa (Acre) 0*
83-NF INUBU+ MANANAWA* chain
SENSI X
83-NFA INUBU+ MANANAWA net
X
83-NFA-a Inubu+ Mananawa senti, tentiUcayali right-bank Peru (Loreto) 0
83-NFA-aa inu-bu inu, ynu-bu (Loreto)
83-NFA-ab runu-bu runu (Loreto)
83-NFA-ac casca (Loreto)
83-NFA-ad mana-nawa mana-nahua (Loreto)
83-NG JUANAWO+ CHÁCOBO chain
"panoan"-S.
83-NGA PACAHUARA net
83-NGA-a Pacahuara Bolivia (Pando; El Beni); also Brazil 2
83-NGA-aa paca-huara paca-wara Bolivia (Pando; El Beni) 1*
83-NGB CHÁCOBO net
83-NGB-a Chácobo Bolivia (El Beni) 2
83-NGB-aa cháco-bo (El Beni) 2
83-NGC JAUNAWO+ PAMANA net
CARIPUNA
83-NGC-a Jaunawo+ Pamana karipuna, caripuná-do-guaporé, caripuná-de-rondônia distinct from [88=] Karipuna-Paraná Jaru valley… Jamery valley… Urupa valley…
Cabecciras valley… Candeias valley
Brazil (Rondônia) 1*
83-NGC-aa jau-nawo jua-nauo, jua-navo (Rondônia)
83-NGC-ab jacaria (Rondônia)
83-NGC-ac pama-na pama (Rondônia)
83-O CHAPACURA+ TORÁ* set
CHAPACURAN, chapacurano
83-OA TORÁ chain "chapacuran"-N.
83-OAA TORÁ net
83-OAA-a Torá Marmelos lower valley Brazil (Amazonas) 1
83-OAA-aa torá toraz ¶17 speakers in 1980's Brazil (Amazonas) 1
83-OB ITENE+ WANYAM chain
"chapacuran"-C.
83-OBA ITENE+ ITOREAUHIP net
83-OBA-a Itene+ Itoreauhip more, guarayo Mamoré+ Itenez confluence ¶nearly extinct Bolivia (El Beni) 1*
83-OBA-aa itene iten, iteneo, itenez (El Beni)
83-OBA-ab itoreauhip (El Beni)
83-OBB WANHAM+ ABITANA* net
83-OBB-a Wanham+ Cujuna ¶nearly extinct Bolivia (Rondônia) 1*
83-OBB-aa wanham wanyam (Rondônia)
83-OBB-ab pawumwa (Rondônia)
83-OBB-ac cujuna cuijuna (Rondônia)
83-OBB-ad mataua matama (Rondônia)
83-OBB-ae urunumacan (Rondônia)
83-OBB-b Abitana+ Cumana Bolivia (Rondônia) 1*
83-OBB-ba abitana (Rondônia)
83-OBB-bb cumana (Rondônia)
83-OBB-bc cutinaa (Rondônia)
83-OBB-c Cabixí* Planalto dos Parecís slopes ¶perhaps extinct Brazil (Mato-Grosso) 1*
83-OBB-ca cabixí kabixí, cabichí, cabishi distinct from [86=] Cabixi (Mato Grosso) 1*
83-OBC CHAPACURA+ JARÚ net
"chapacuran"-S.
83-OBC-a Jarú+ Urupá Brazil (Rondônia) 2
83-OBC-aa urupá (Rondônia)
83-OBC-ab jarú (Rondônia)
page 590 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition
83-OBC-b Orowari+ Uomo Brazil (Rondônia) 3
83-OBC-ba oro-wari pakaás-novos, pacaás-novos, pakaá-nova, pacaha-novo Pacaás Novos hills
(Rondônia)
83-OBC-bb uomo (Rondônia)
83-OBC-c Quitemoca+ Napeca Bolivia (Santa Cruz) 0
83-OBC-ca quitemo-ca kitemo, kitemo-ca (Santa Cruz) 0
83-OBC-cb nape-ca (Santa Cruz) 0
83-OBC-d Chapacura+ Huachir Bolivia (Santa Cruz) 0
83-OBC-da chapacura txapacura, txapakura, tapacura (Santa Cruz) 0
83-OBC-db huachir (Santa Cruz) 0
83-P ITONAMA+ SARAMO* set
83-PA ITONAMA+ SARAMO chain
83-PAA ITONAMA+ SARAMO net
83-PAA-a Itonama+ Saramo Itonomas valley ¶perhaps extinct Bolivia (El Beni) 1*
83-PAA-aa itonama (El Beni)
83-PAA-ab machoto (El Beni)
83-PAA-ac saramo (El Beni)
83-Q CAYUBABA set
83-QA CAYUBABA chain
83-QAA CAYUBABA net
83-QAA-a Cayubaba ¶nearly extinct north of Santa Ana Bolivia (El Beni) 1*
83-QAA-aa cayubaba cayuwaba, cayuvava (El Beni) 1*
83-R BAGUAJA+ ISIAMA set
TAKANAN, part of pano-takanan
83-RA BAGUAJA+ TOROMONA chain
'chama'
83-RAA BAGUAJA+ HUANAYO net
83-RAA-a Baguaja+ Huanayo Ese'eha, ese-ejja, ese-eja, ese-exa, tiatinagua, íchamaí Madre de Dios upper valley… Tambopata valley… Heath valley… Madidi valley
Peru (Madre de Dios; Punu); Bolivia (La Paz)
3
83-RAA-aa bagua-ja bagua-jairi Peru…
83-RAA-ab mohino Peru…
83-RAA-ac chun-cho Peru…
83-RAA-ad echo-ja Peru…
83-RAA-ae guara-yo huara-yo, tambopata-guarayo Peru…
83-RAA-af huana-yo Peru…
83-RAA-ag quinaqui kinaki Peru…
83-RAB TOROMONA net X
83-RAB-a Toromona Bolivia (Pando… ) 0
83-RAB-aa toromo-na turamo-na, toromono (Pando… ) 0
83-RB CAVINEÑA chain
83-RBA CAVINEÑA net
83-RBA-a Cavineña including many extinct unlisted idioms Beni lower valley… (formerly) Madre de Dios valley
Bolivia (Pando; El Beni) 3
83-RBA-aa cavineña cavinenyo, kavineño, kavinya (Pando; El Beni) 3
83-RC ISIAMA+ ARAONA chain
83-RCA ARAONA+ CAPECHENE net
83-RCA-a Araona+ Capechene Manupari valley Bolivia (Pando); also Brazil (Acre) 2
83-RCA-aa arao-na ¶language of moiety "1" Bolivia…
83-RCA-ab cavi-na* kavi-na, kavi-nya, cari-na, kari-na ¶language of moiety "2" possible relationship with neighbouring [83=] Cavinenya to be investigated
Bolivia…
83-RCA-ac capeche-ne kapache-ne Bolivia…
83-RCA-ad mabenaro Bolivia…
83-RCB ISIAMA+ TUMAPASA net
TACANA
83-RCB-a Isiama+ Tumapasa* taca-na, tuca-na, taka-na including many extinct or near-extinct
languages or dialects, listed alphabetically north of Bala hills
Bolivia (La Paz) 3
83-RCB-aa ayaychu-na (La Paz)
83-RCB-ab babaya-na (La Paz)
83-RCB-ac chiliuvo (La Paz)
83-RCB-ad chiva-mo-na (La Paz)
8= SOUTH-AMERICA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 591
83-RCB-ae idia-ma (La Paz)
83-RCB-af isia-ma ixia-ma, isia-na Ixiamas (La Paz)
83-RCB-ag pamai-no (La Paz)
83-RCB-ah pasara-mo-na (La Paz)
83-RCB-ai sapuru-na (La Paz)
83-RCB-aj silia-ma (La Paz)
83-RCB-ak tumapasa tumupasa, maracani Tumupasa (La Paz)
83-RCB-al uchupia-mo-na (La Paz)
83-RCB-am yabaypura (La Paz)
83-RCB-an yubamo-na (La Paz)
83-RCC REYESANO+ 'SAN-BORJANO' net
83-RCC-a Reyesano+ 'San-Borjano'
reyesan Bala hills>E. Bolivia (El Beni) 3
83-RCC-aa reyesano Reyes (El Beni)
83-RCC-ab 'san-borjano' San Borja (El Beni) 3*
83-S MOSETEN+ TSIMANÉ set
part of moseten+ chon
83-SA MOSETEN+ TSIMANÉ chain
83-SAA MOSETEN+ TSIMANÉ net
83-SAA-a Moseten+ Tsimané Santa Miguel de Huachi… Santa Ana de Alto Beni Bolivia (El Beni) 3
83-SAA-aa tsimané chimane, chumano Bolivia (El Beni) 3
83-SAA-ab moseten Bolivia (El Beni) 2
83-T TEHUELCHE+ ONA set
CHON, part of moseten+ chon
83-TA TEHUELCHE+ TSÓNEKA chain
83-TAA TEHUELCHE+ TSÓNEKA net
83-TAA-a Tehuelche+ Tsóneka
aoniken, gunua-kena, gununa-kena, inaquen originally Chile; migration> Argentina (Patagonia: Chubut; Santa Cruz)
1
83-TAA-aa tewesh Argentina
83-TAA-ab tehuelche-S. distinct from [85=] Günüa-Küne (Tehuelche-N.) Argentina
83-TAA-ac tsóneka Argentina
83-TB ONA+ HAUSH chain "island" chon X
83-TBA ONA net X
83-TBA-a Ona Tierra del Fuego island Argentina (Patagonia); Chile (Magallanes)
0
83-TBA-aa ona aona, selknam, shelknam, shilknam, shillkanen (Patagonia: Tierra del Fuego); (Magallanes: Tierra del Fuego)
0
83-TBB HAUSH net X
83-TBB-a Haush Tierra del Fuego island Argentina (Patagonia) 0
83-TBB-aa haush (Patagonia) 0
page 592 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition
84= ANDES geozone covers the "Andes" reference area, composed of sets not
covered by any phylozone; comprising 13 sets of languages (= 28 outer languages) spoken by communities in South America along the Andes ranges from Colombia to Bolivia
(extending into Brazil and Argentina):
84-A CANYARI+ MOCHICA 84-B SEC+ TALLÁN 84-C CATACAO+ COLÁN 84-D CHOLÓN+ HIBITO 84-E CULYI 84-F QUECHUA+ QUICHWA
84-G HUACHIPAERI+ AMARACAERI 84-H LAPACHU 84-I LECO 84-J AYMARA+ JAQARU 84-K PUQUINA 84-L CALLAHUAYA* 84-M URU+ CHIPAYA
Argentina; Bolivia; Brazil; Colombia; Ecuador; Peru
6
84-A CANYARI+
MOCHICA set CHIMUAN, chimuano X
84-AA CANYARI+ MOCHICA chain
X
84-AAA CANYARI+ PURUWÁ net
X
84-AAA-a Puruwá Ecuador (Chimborazo; Bolívar) 0
84-AAA-aa puruwá (Chimborazo; Bolívar) 0
84-AAA-b Canyari Ecuador (Cañar; Azuay) 0
84-AAA-ba canyari kanyari (Cañar; Azuay) 0
84-AAB MOCHICA net X
84-AAB-a Mochica Peru (Lambayeque; La Libertad) 0
84-AAB-aa mochica (Lambayeque; La Libertad) 0
84-B SEC+ TALLÁN set SECHURA, part of sec+ catacao grouping X
84-BA SEC+ TALLÁN chain X
84-BAA SEC+ TALLÁN net X
84-BAA-a Sec+ Tallán sechura Sechura bay Peru (Piura) 0
84-BAA-aa sec sek (Piura) 0
84-BAA-ab tallán talyán (Piura) 0
84-C CATACAO+ COLÁN set
"catacaoan", catacaoano, part of sec+ catacao grouping X
84-CA CATACAO+ COLÁN chain
X
84-CAA CATACAO net X
84-CAA-a Catacao Piura valley: Catacaos Peru (Piura) 0
84-CAA-aa catacao katakao (Piura) 0
84-CAB COLÁN net X
84-CAB-a Colán Peru (Piura) 0
84-CAB-aa colán kolán Peru (Piura) 0
84-D CHOLÓN+ HIBITO set
"cholonan"
84-DA HIBITO chain X
84-DAA HIBITO net X
84-DAA-a Hibito Huallaga middle valley Peru (San Martín) 0
84-DAA-aa hibito jibito, chibito, zibito, ibito, xibita, xibito Huallaga middle valley (San Martín) 0
84-DB CHOLÓN chain
84-DBA CHOLÓN net
84-DBA-a Cholón Huallaga upper valley: Tingo María… Valle Peru (Huánuco) 1*
84-DBA-aa cholón tinganeses, seeptsa Peru (Huánuco) 1*
84-E CULYI set X
84-EA CULYI chain X
84-EAA CULYI net X
84-EAA-a Culyi Huaylas Peru (La Libertad) 0
84-EAA-aa culyi kulyi, culli, culle, linga (La Libertad) 0
8= SOUTH-AMERICA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 593
84-F QUECHUA+ QUICHWA set
kechua+ kichwa
84-FA QUECHUA+ QUICHWA chain
84-FAA QUECHUA+ QUICHWA net
quichua, quichwa, kichwa, kichuwa, originally qheswa, qheshwa-simi; "quechuan", "kichuan", runa-simi, 'modern inca' #variant forms
quechua (centre & south) and quichwa, quichua, kichwa, kichuwa (north) are derived from qheswa> qheshwa-simi =«valley> valley-speech»; runa-simi =«human-speech»
84-FAA-a Inga "colombian" quichua, part of "peripheral" quechua-N. Colombia (Nariño; Putumayo) 4
84-FAA-aa sibundoy "highland" inga, "highland" quichua-N. Sibundoy valley… (Nariño) 3
84-FAA-aaa 'santiago' "santiag" inga Santiago (Nariño)
84-FAA-aab 'san-andrés' "san-andrés" inga San Andrés (Nariño)
84-FAA-aac aponte 'aponte' inga Colón (Nariño)
84-FAA-ab caquetá "lowland" inga, "jungle" inga, ingano-N., "upper" putomayo Caquetá
upper river… Putomayo upper river
(Putomayo; Caqueta) 3
84-FAA-aba yunguillo+ condagua (Putomayo and/or Caqueta)
84-FAA-abb guayuyaco (Putomayo and/or Caqueta)
84-FAA-abc mocoa* (Putomayo and/or Caqueta)
84-FAA-b Ingano "lowland" quichua, "jungle" quichua, yumbo, alama, ingana, inga-S., quichua-E., in [51=] Español: quichua oriente, part of "peripheral" quechua-N. Amazon upper left-bank tributaries: Putumayo middle valley… Pastaza valley
Colombia (Amazonas); Ecuador (Napo; Pastaza; Morona Santiago); Peru (Loreto)
6
84-FAA-ba quixo kicho, quijo Colombia (Amazonas); Ecuador (Napo); Peru (Loreto; also
transported to Madre de Dios)
4
84-FAA-baa putumayo-M. Putumayo middle valley (Amazonas); (Napo)
84-FAA-bab napo-M. Napo middle valley (Napo); (Loreto)
84-FAA-bac santarosino Napo lower valley: Santa Rosa (Loreto)
84-FAA-bad madre-de-dios San Lorenzo environs (Madre de Dios)
84-FAA-bb pastaza-N. Ecuador (Napo, Pastaza), Peru (Loreto)
3
84-FAA-bba tena shandia Napo upper valley: Tena (Napo)
84-FAA-bbb bobonaza Bobonaza valley (Pastaza)
84-FAA-bbc pastaza-M. Pastaza middle valley (Pastaza)
84-FAA-bbd tigre Tigre valley (Loreto)
84-FAA-bc pastaza-S. Ecuador (Napo, Pastaza), Peru (Loreto)
3
84-FAA-bca anatico Anatico lake
84-FAA-bcb huasaga Huasaga valley
84-FAA-bcc pastaza Pastaza lower valley
84-FAA-bcd urituyacu Urituyacu valley
84-FAA-c Quichua-Altiplano "highland" quichua-CS., in [51=] Español: quichua del altiplano, part of "peripheral" Quechua-N. ; representing a probable overlay of "pre-
incan" Quechua by the northward expansion of "incan" Quechua in the 15th century Andes mountains & high plateaux: Otavalo… Loja #quichua del altiplano =quichua «of the plateau»
Ecuador (Imbabura; Pichincha; Cotopaxi; Bolívar; Tungurahua; Chimborazo; Cañar; Azuay; Loja)
6
84-FAA-ca imbabura otavalo, "highland" quichua-CN. Sierra de Otavalo highlands (Imbabura) 5
84-FAA-cb pichincha "highland" quichua-C. (Pichincha) 4
84-FAA-cba cayembe Cayembe
84-FAA-cbb calderón Calderón
84-FAA-cc chimborazo "highland" quichua-CS., "standard" ecuador quichua Sierra de Chimborazo highlands
(Cotopaxi; Bolívar; Tungurahua; Chimborazo)
6
84-FAA-cca cotopaxi (Cotopaxi)
84-FAA-ccb bolívar (Bolívar)
84-FAA-ccc ambato Ambato environs (Tunguruhua)
84-FAA-ccd riobamba chimborazo "proper" Riobamba environs (Chimborazo)
84-FAA-cd salasaca tunguruhua, "highland" quichua-CE. Salasaca environs with dialects to be identified
(Tunguruhua) 3
84-FAA-ce cuenca "highland" quichua-S. Sierra de Cuenca (Cañar; Azuay; Loja) 4
84-FAA-cea cañar (Cañar)
84-FAA-ceb azuay (Azuay)
84-FAA-cec saraguro Saraguro environs (Loja)
84-FAA-ced loja Loja environs (Loja)
page 594 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition
84-FAA-d Quechua-W. "peruvian" quechua-NW., part of "peripheral" quechua-N. Peru (Lambayeque) 4
84-FAA-da lambayeque Lambayeque coastal plain… Andes western slopes (Lambayeque) 4
84-FAA-daa incahuasi Incahuasi district (Lambayeque)
84-FAA-dab cañaris Cañaris district (Lambayeque)
84-FAA-dac miracosta Miracosta district (Lambayeque)
84-FAA-dad penachí Penachí (Lambayeque)
84-FAA-dae santa-lucía Santa Lucía (Lambayeque)
84-FAA-daf ferrañafe Ferrañafe (Lambayeque)
84-FAA-db cajamarca+ chetilla Andes western slopes Peru (Cajamarca) 4
84-FAA-dba cajamarca Cajamarca (Cajamarca)
84-FAA-dbb chetilla (Cajamarca)
84-FAA-dbc los-baños Los Baños (Cajamarca)
84-FAA-dc chachapoyas Andes eastern slopes: Chachapoyas district Peru (Amazonas) 3
84-FAA-dca chachapoyas-W. Lamud (Amazonas)
84-FAA-dcb chachapoyas-E. Mendoza (Amazonas)
84-FAA-dcc chachapoyas-S. La Jalca (Amazonas)
84-FAA-dd lamista quechua-"san-martín" further dialects to be identified Andes eastern slopes
Peru (San Martín; Ucayali) 4
84-FAA-dda lama lamista "proper", lamano, lamisto, lamas Lamas (San Martín)
84-FAA-ddb sisa San José de Sisa (San Martín)
84-FAA-ddc ucayali Ucayali valley (Ucayali)
84-FAA-ddd motilín (Ucayali)
84-FAA-e Chinchaysuyo quechua-chinchaysuyo Andes western slopes Peru (Ancash) 5
84-FAA-ea ancash-N. (Ancash)
84-FAA-eaa corongo Corongo district (Ancash)
84-FAA-eab sihuas Sihuas district (Ancash)
84-FAA-eb ancash-C. (Ancash)
84-FAA-eba yungay Yungay district (Ancash)
84-FAA-ebb huaraz Huaraz district (Ancash)
84-FAA-ebc huailas Huaylas district (Ancash)
84-FAA-f Quechua-C. at the geographical centre of the Quechua+ Quichua net Peru (Ancash; Lima; Huánuco; Pasco)
5
84-FAA-fa ancash-E. Andes western slopes Peru (Ancash) 5
84-FAA-faa conchucos ancash-CE. Conchucos (Ancash)
84-FAA-fab chiquián ancash-SE. Chiquián (Ancash)
84-FAA-fb lima-N. Andes western slopes Peru (Lima) 4
84-FAA-fba cajatambo Cajatambo (Lima)
84-FAA-fbb oyín Oyón (Lima)
84-FAA-fbc pacaraos (Lima)
84-FAA-fc huánuco Peru (Huánuco; Lima) 5
84-FAA-fca marañon Marañon headwaters (Huánuco)
84-FAA-fcb humalíes (Huánuco)
84-FAA-fcc monzín Monzón (Huánuco)
84-FAA-fcd huallaga Huallaga upper valley (Huánuco)
84-FAA-fce 'dos-de-mayo' Dos de Mayo (Huánuco)
84-FAA-fcf margos-chaulán Margos-Chaulán (Huánuco)
84-FAA-fcg panao quechua-pachitea, pachitea (Lima)
84-FAA-fd ambo-pasco Peru (Huánuco; Pasco) 3
84-FAA-fda ambo huánuco-S. (Huánuco)
84-FAA-fdb huariaca pasco-CW. Huallaga upper valley (Pasco)
84-FAA-fe pasco "high" pasco in an area of considerable linguistic complexity, with further idioms to be identified Andes high valleys and slopes
Peru (Pasco) 4
84-FAA-fea tusi Santa Ana de Tusi (Pasco)
84-FAA-feb yanahuanca Yanahuanca (Pasco)
84-FAA-ff junín+ tarma Peru (Junín) 4
84-FAA-ffa junín Junín (Junín-NW.)
84-FAA-ffb tarma 2 dialects Tarma (Junín-NW.)
84-FAA-fg huanca wanka Peru (Junín)
84-FAA-fga jauja shausha-wanka, junín-C. Mantaro valley: Jauja (Junín-W.)
84-FAA-fgb huaycha waycha, huanca, huancayo-C. Huancayo (Junín-SW.)
84-FAA-fgc huaylla-W. waylla-W. (Junín)
84-FAA-fgd huaylla-E. waylla-E. (Junín)
8= SOUTH-AMERICA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 595
84-FAA-g Yauyos* in an area of high linguistic complexity, with further languages and/or
dialects to be identified; position within Quechua+ Quichua net to be clarified Andes western slopes: Yauyos environs
Peru (Lima) 4
84-FAA-ga huacarpana San Pedro de Huacarpana (Lima)
84-FAA-gb apurí Apurí (Lima)
84-FAA-gc madeán+ viñac (Lima)
84-FAA-gca madeán (Lima)
84-FAA-gcb viñac Viñac (Lima)
84-FAA-gd huangáscar+ azángaro
(Lima; also Ica)
84-FAA-gda huangáscar-A. Huangáscar (Lima)
84-FAA-gdb chocos Chocos (Lima)
84-FAA-gdc azángaro Azángaro (Ica border)
84-FAA-ge cacra+ hongos (Lima)
84-FAA-gea cacra (Lima)
84-FAA-geb hongos (Lima)
84-FAA-gf tana+ lincha (Lima)
84-FAA-gfa tana (Lima)
84-FAA-gfb lincha (Lima)
84-FAA-gg tomás+ alis (Lima)
84-FAA-gga tomás (Lima)
84-FAA-ggb alis (Lima)
84-FAA-gh huancaya+ vitis (Lima)
84-FAA-gha huancaya (Lima)
84-FAA-ghb vitis (Lima)
84-FAA-h Quechua-S. "peripheral" quechua-S. Peru; Bolivia 6
84-FAA-ha ayucucho+ apurimac
chanka dialects to be clarified Andes mountains: Mantaro valley…
Ayucucho highlands Peru (Huancavelica; Ayucucho; Apurimac)
6
84-FAA-haa huancavelica (Huancavelica)
84-FAA-hab ayucucho (Ayucucho)
84-FAA-hac andahuaylas apurimac-N. (Apurimac)
84-FAA-had apurimac (Apurimac)
84-FAA-hb arequipa Andes western slopes Peru (Arequipa) 4
84-FAA-hba cotahuasi arequipa-NW. Cotahusi environs (Arequipa)
84-FAA-hbb arequipa-C. (Arequipa)
84-FAA-hbc arequipa-NE. "highland" arequipa (Arequipa)
84-FAA-hc cuzco+ puno "imperial" quechua-N. Andes highlands: Vilcanota valley… Titicaca
lake (A )Peru (Cuzco; Puno) 6
84-FAA-hca cuzco Urubamba… Cuzco… Sicuani (Cuzco)
84-FAA-hcb puno influence < [84=] Aymara Ayaviri (Puno)
84-FAA-hd apolo+ sandia la-paz-N., quechua-bolivia-N. Andes eastern slopes Peru (Punu); Bolivia (La Paz) 5
84-FAA-hda sandia Sandia (Punu)
84-FAA-hdb apolo Apolo (La Paz)
84-FAA-hdc charazani (Punu and/or La Paz)
84-FAA-hdd chuma Chuma (La Paz)
84-FAA-he potosí+ sucre quechua-bolivia-S. Andes highlands & eastern slopes Bolivia (Oruro; Potosí; Cochabamba; Chuquisaca; also La Paz; Santa Cruz); also migration>
Argentina (Salta; Buenos Aires)
6
84-FAA-hea oruro Poopo-N. lake: Oruro (Oruro)
84-FAA-heb potosí Potosí… (Potosí)
84-FAA-hec cochabamba Cochabamba… (Cochabamba)
84-FAA-hed sucre Sucre… (Chuquisaca)
84-FAA-hf jujuy+ 'antofagasta' colla, puna Bolivia frontier… Puna de Atacama highlands Argentina (Jujuy; Salta); also Chile
(Antofagasta)
84-FAA-hfa jujuy (Jujuy; Salta) 4
84-FAA-hfb 'antofagasta' (Antofagasta) 0*
84-FAA-hg santiagueno Chaco plains Argentina (Santiago del Estero; also Salta)
4
page 596 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition
84-G HUACHIPAERI+ AMARACAERI set
"WIDER"-TUYONERI, disputed part of "wider" arawakan hypothesis
84-GA HUACHIPAERI+ AMARACAERI chain
84-GAA HUACHIPAERI+ AMARACAERI net
"wider" amaraka, 'masco', 'mashco'
84-GAA-a Huachipaeri+ Puquirieri
harakmbet Madre de Dios valley… Keros valley… Colorado valley Peru (Cuzco, Madre de Dios) 2*
84-GAA-aa huachipa-eri huachipa-ire, wacipa-ire Peru 2*
84-GAA-ab kochimb-eri Peru
84-GAA-ac manuqui-ari Peru 1
84-GAA-ad puquiri-eri pukiri-eri Peru 1
84-GAA-b Amaracaeri+ Karenteri
Madre de Dios valley… Colorado valley Peru (Cuzco; Madre de Dios) 2
84-GAA-ba amaraca-eri amaraka-eri "proper", amaraka-ire, amaraca-ire Peru 2
84-GAA-bb tuyon-eri toyo-eri, tuyun-eri, tuyon-eri "proper" classification to be confirmed Peru
84-GAA-bc kisamba-eri Peru
84-GAA-bd sapit-eri Peru
84-GAA-be ipitin-eri* Peru
84-GAA-bf küpondirid-eri kipondirid-eri Peru
84-GAA-bg wintap-eri Peru
84-GAA-bh wakitan-eri Peru
84-GAA-bi karent-eri karen-eri Peru
84-GAA-c Arasa-iri* classification to be confirmed Peru 1
84-GAA-ca arasa-iri* araza-ire, aratsa-ira, arasa Peru
84-H LAPACHU set part of "wider" arawakan hypothesis
84-HA LAPACHU chain
84-HAA LAPACHU net
84-HAA-a Lapachu Apolo environs Peru (La Paz) 0
84-HAA-aa lapachu apolista Peru (La Paz) 0
84-I LECO set
84-IA LECO chain
84-IAA LECO net
84-IAA-a Leco ¶perhaps extinct mountains near Apolo Bolivia (La Paz) 1*
84-IAA-aa leco lapalapa, leko, ateniano (La Paz) 1*
84-J AYMARA+ JAQARU set
jaqui, haki
84-JA AYMARA+ JAQARU chain
84-JAA JAQARU+ CAUQUI net
84-JAA-a Jaqaru+ Cauqui hakaru+ kauki Yauyos… Tupe Peru (Lima) 3
84-JAA-aa jaqaru haqaru, haqearu, haq'aru, hakaru, akaro, hakearu (Lima)
84-JAA-ab cauqui kawki, cachuy, chauqui, kauki, kauke (Lima)
84-JAB AYMARA net
84-JAB-a Aymara aimara northwest and southeast of Titicaca lake> NW.& SE. ; area progressively reduced since 15th cent. by advance of [84=] Quechua from both directions
Peru (Puno; Moquegua; Tacna; formerly Cuzco; Apurimac… ); Bolivia (La Paz; Oruro; originally also Potosi… ); Chile (Tarapacá; Antofagasta); also Bolivian migrant
workers> Argentina
6
84-JAB-aa aymara-C. "central" aymara (Puno); (La Paz) 6
84-JAB-aaa lupaca lupaka, lupacca, "literary" aymara Peru; Bolivia
84-JAB-aab titicaca-N. Titicaca-N. lake (Puno)
84-JAB-aac pakase pakaze La Paz… (La Paz)
84-JAB-aad caranga karanga, karanka, oruro Oruro… (Oruro)
84-JAB-aae tarapacá (Tarapacá)
84-JAB-aaf quillagua kilagua, kilaka, quillacas Quillagua (Antofagasta)
84-JAB-ab aymara-S. (Moquegua; Tacna) 4
84-JAB-aba moquegua Moquegua… (Moquegua)
84-JAB-abb tacna Tacna… (Tacna)
84-K PUQUINA set X
84-KA PUQUINA chain X
84-KAA PUQUINA net X
84-KAA-a Puquina Pichu Pichu peak>S.: Puquina formerly Peru (Moquegua); also
Bolivia 0
84-KAA-aa puquina pukina (Moquegua)… 0
8= SOUTH-AMERICA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 597
84-L CALLAHUAYA* notional set
notional classification, pending further information
84-LA CALLAHUAYA chain
84-LAA CALLAHUAYA net
84-LAA-a Callahuaya callawalla, kallawaya, qualyawaya, pohena Andes highlands north of
La Paz Bolivia (La Paz) 1
84-LAA-aa callahuaya callawalla ¶secret language of male herbal doctors related to [84=] Quechua and/or [84=] Aymara and perhaps to [84=] Pukina
(La Paz) 1
84-M URU+ CHIPAYA set
84-MA URU+ CHIPAYA chain
84-MAA URU+ CHIPAYA net
84-MAA-a Uru kotsuny Uru-Uru+ Poopó lakes Bolivia (Oruro) 1*
84-MAA-aa uru kotsuny (Oruro) 1*
84-MAA-b Chipaya north of Coipasa lake Bolivia (Oruro) 3*
84-MAA-ba chipaya (Oruro) 3*