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8 th Grade 2011 Science TAKS Review
Transcript
Page 1: 8th grade taks review power point

8th Grade 2011 Science TAKS Review

Page 2: 8th grade taks review power point

Physical and Chemical Changes

• _____________________ Change – any process involving a substance's change without alteration of the chemical composition. Does not make a new substance.• _____________________ Change - any process in

which one or more substances are changed into one or more different substances. Makes a new substance.

Physical

Chemical

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Read each description and label it as a physical or chemical change. Put a (P) for Physical and a (C ) for Chemical.

• ____ Iron rusts.• ____ Sodium hydroxide dissolves in water.• ____ A safety match ignites and burns.• ____ A cube of ice melts to form a puddle of water.• ____ Icicles form at the edge of a roof.• ____ Water is heated and changed into steam.• ____ Milk sours.• ____ A chocolate bar melts in the sun.• ____ Acid on limestone produces carbon dioxide gas.• ____ Vinegar and baking soda react.• ____ A tea kettle begins to whistle.• ____ Wood leaves root to form humus.

CPCPPPCPCCPC

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Kinetic and Potential Energy

• 1.__________________ energy – the energy an object has because of it position or stored energy. How high it is above earth.

• 2.__________________ energy – the energy of motion.

Potential

Kinetic

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In the image below put a circle around the letter that shows where the car will have the greatest amount of potential energy. Put a square around the

letter that has where the car will have the greatest amount of kinetic energy.

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Plant Cells• Use the word bank to fill in the blanks and label the parts of the plant cell.• Word bank•

• Functions within a Plant Cell

• ________________ - the thin layer of protein and fat that surrounds the cell, but is inside the cell wall. Controls what comes in and goes out of the cell.

• ________________ - a thick, rigid membrane that surrounds a plant cell. This layer of cellulose fiber gives the cell most of its support and structure.

• ________________ - an elongated or disc-shaped organelle containing chlorophyll. Photosynthesis takes place here.

• ________________ - controls many of the functions of the cell and contains DNA.• ________________ - the jellylike material outside the cell nucleus in which the organelles are located.• ________________ - a large, membrane-bound space within a plant cell that is filled with water.•  

Cell MembraneCytoplasm Cell Wall Nucleus ChloroplastVacuole

VacuoleCytoplasm

Cell Wall

Cell Membrane

Nucleus

Chloroplast

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Cell MembraneVacuole Cytoplasm Cell Wall Nucleus Chloroplast

Vacuole

CytoplasmCell Wall

Cell Membrane

Nucleus

Chloroplast

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Animal Cells• • Use the word bank to fill in the blanks and label the parts of the

animal cell.• Word Bank

• Functions within an Animal Cell•  • ________________ - the thin layer of protein and fat that surrounds the

cell, but is inside the cell wall. Controls what comes in and goes out of the cell.

• ________________ - controls many of the functions of the cell and contains DNA.

• ________________ - the jellylike material in which the organelles are located.

• ________________ - stores water, nutrients, and waste.

Cell MembraneVacuole Cytoplasm Nucleus

Vacuole

Cytoplasm

Cell Membrane

Nucleus

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Cell MembraneVacuole Cytoplasm Nucleus

Vacuole

Cytoplasm

Cell Membrane

Nucleus

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Ecological Succession

• WORD BANK• pioneer species climax community secondary succession• succession primary succession•  • Put the proper word in the space before the definition.

• 1. ____________________________________ The gradual replacement of one plant community• by another through natural processes over time.• 2. ____________________________________Begins on newly formed with lichens to begin the• soil building process.• 3. ____________________________________These are the first plants in a new area, such as• lichens.• 4. ____________________________________Begins in a place that already has soil, but the• plants and animals are gone.• 5. ____________________________________A stable group of plants and animals that is the• end result of the succession process.•  

Secondary Succession

Pioneer Species

Primary Succession

Succession

Climax Community

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Weathering• WORD BANK• Abrasion ice wedging mechanical• animal plant chemical water• • ____________Weathering• A. Is a physical change resulting in sediments.• B. Examples include• 1._____________________ - Breaking, grinding, wearing• away of rock into sediments which caused by wind and water.• 2. _______________________________- Freezing water in cracks expands and breaks rocks.• 3. __________________________ roots wedge into rocks.• 4. Burrowing of _________________________wears away rock.• ____________Weathering• A. Is the process by which rocks are decomposed,• dissolved or loosened by chemical processes to form sediment.• B. An example is the combining of ______________________ with CO2 combine to form carbonic acid,

which dissolves limestone.

Mechanical

Abrasion

Ice wedgingPlant

Animals

Chemical

water

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Word Bank

Dropping Delta Water Wind

Ice weathered gravity

Erosion

A. The removal of _________________rocks.

B. Methods of erosion

1. __________________

2. __________________

3. __________________

4. __________________

Deposition

A. The ___________________ of materials carried away by erosion.

B. An example of deposition would be a ___________________, where the river meets the ocean.

Weathered

Wind

IceWater

Gravity

Dropping

Delta

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Making Predictions

• 1. A grassy field containing much vegetation is cleared to make a parking lot for a local Wal-Mart. What impact would this change most likely have on the local ecosystem?

• A. Larger predator populations

• B. A lower number of producers

• C. A greater number of herbivores

• D. A smaller amount of available carbon dioxide

• 2. Malcolm wants to make a prediction. He has set out 3 glasses of water at different temperatures. The first is near boiling, the second is room temperature, and the last is near freezing. Help him predict which one will evaporate the fastest.

• a.The near boiling glass

• b.The room temperature glass

• c.The ice water glass

• d.They will all evaporate at the same rate

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1. Now predict or extrapolate the speed at 8m.

A. 6.9 m/sB. 6.3 m/sC. 5.9 m/sD. 6.5 m/s

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Word BankHypothesis Model Limitation Prediction

Inference

1. The way a model is not like the real thing is a ___________________________________.

2. A _____________________ are a small representation of something.

3. A conclusion based from an observation is an ______________________________.

4. A __________________________ is a way of forming an opinion about how or why something happens. Some call it an “educated guess.”

5. A _________________________ is to guess possible results to something.

LimitationModel

InferencePrediction

Hypothesis

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The Sun

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• Using the periodic table you just used to find the answers to the questions above separate the table into 3 separate groups. Metals, metalloids, and non-metals. Shade each group with a different color.

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Metals

Nonmetals

Metalloids

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Nonmetal

Nonmetal

Metal

Metal

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Word BankProtons Electrons Nucleus

Neutrons

Z = _________________________Y= _________________________X=_________________________W= ________________________

ElectronsProtonsNeutronsNucleus

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Word Bank Metals Periods

Electrons Subscript Protons Group CoefficientMetalloids Nonmetals Atomic Mass Physical

Protons

Metals

Electrons

Atomic Mass

Coefficient

Subscript

Nonmetals

Physical

Periods

Metalloids

Groups

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2H2O + NaCl • How many atoms are present in this equation?

________• How many elements are present in this

equation? _________

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8

4

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Word Bank

Equator El Nino Poles Water Vapor Condensation Precipitation Global Warming Sea Breeze Pollution

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Equator

Precipitation

Pollution

Water Vapor

Condensation

Evaporation

Poles

Sea Breeze

El Nino

Global Warming

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A.

C.

B.

Radiation Convection Conduction

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BAC

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Max told his friend for

homework that city A would have

a much warmer climate

in the winter because city A

has warmer water coming up from the equator passing by it and city B does not.

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Which of these stars is the hottest?

A. Orange star

B. Blue star

C. Yellow-white star

D. Red star

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Supergiants

Main Sequence

White Dwarfs

Giants

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• The squared words in the sentences below are misspelled. Correctly spell the word to complete the sentence.

• __________________ 1. smato are the basic component of all matter.

• __________________ 2. An teelmne is a combination of atoms which have all of the same chemical properties.

• __________________ 3. Atoms consist of a nucleus of protons and snortuen surrounded by electrons.

• __________________4. A xtuimer consists of two or more substances mixed together, but remain unchanged and can usually be separated by mechanical means.

• __________________5. Two or more elements can be mixed resulting in the original elements losing their individual chemical properties and forming a new dnuopcmo has new properties.

• ____________6. A compound of two or more atoms and the smallest unit of chemical compounds is a emlouec.

• ___________ 7.The rfmloua which identifies the atoms and the number of each kind of atom in the molecules of a compound.

• ___________8. The uisbscrpt tells the # of atoms of each element in a molecule of the compound.

• ___________9. The constieffice is the number of molecules in a formula.

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Atoms

Element

Neutrons

Mixture

Compound

Molecule

Formula

Subscript

Coefficients

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New Moon

Waxing Crescent

1st Quarter

Waxing Gibbous

Full Moo

n

Wanning Gibbous

Last Quarter or

3rd Quarter

Wanning Crescent

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• What does it mean when someone says the moon is waxing or wanning?• Waxing – the light is increasing• Wanning – the light is decreasing

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Crest

Wavelength

Amplitude

Trough

Equilibrium

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1m2 per second

.5m3 per second

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Igneous Metamorphic Sedimentary

Melts

Cools

HeatPressure

Pressure

Weathered

Cement

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ElevationElevation

Steep

Gentle

interval

Index

Relief

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Tectonic Plates

Convergent Boundary

Divergent Boundary

Transform Boundary

Collide

Mountains

Subduction Zone

away

Volcanoes

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A

B

C

1 3 2

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Speed = Distance / Time

Seconds

Meters

.63 m/s

Accelerate

.74 m/s

.64 m/s

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