9. Physiology and BehaviourJournal of Animal Ecology, Vol. 42, No. 2 (Jun., 1973), pp. 488-492Published by: British Ecological SocietyStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3323 .

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488 Abstracts

8. PARASITES AND DISEASES

295. Cabot, D. (1969). A new tapeworm, Hymenolepis arenariae n.sp. (Cyclophyllidea: Hymeno- lepididae) from the intestine of the Turnstone, Arenaria interpres L., (Aves: Charadrii- formes) from Galway Bay, Ireland. Ir. Nat. J. 16, 135-8.

See also Abstracts 186, 202.

9. PHYSIOLOGY AND BEHAVIOUR

296. Andrzejewska, K. A. Adamczewska- (1969). Estimations of number of young born on the basis of placenial scars count in the laboratory mouse. Acta theriol. 14, 263-7.

The analysis of ninety-six female laboratory mice (Mus musculus) showed that the number of placental scars provides a reliable method of estimating the number of young born. However, the value of the correlation coefficient between numbers of scars and numbers of young born decreases as the latter increases.

297. Bjarnov, N. (1972). Carbohydrases in Chironomus, Gamnmarus and some Trichoptera larvae. Oikos, 23, 261-3.

Results similar to those previously found in terrestrial invertebrates. Specific differences occurred in polysaccharide degradation.

298. Blessing, M. H. (1969). Beitrag zur Physiologie und Anatomie einiger im Wasser lebender Mammalier. Z. Sdugetierk. 34, 65-75.

The anatomical and physiological adaptations of marine mammals are discussed with special reference to blood function, coagulation and circulation, and to lung histology.

299. Buchalczyk, A. (1970). Reproduction, mortality and longevity of the bank vole under laboratory conditions. Acta therol. 15, 153-76.

Describes the vital statistics of a laboratory colony of the bank vole between 1956 and 1966.

300. Chapman, D. I. & Chapman, N. (1970). Development of the teeth and mandibles of fallow deer. Acta theriol. 15, 111-3 1.

Describes the order of eruption of the permanent teeth of the fallow deer (Dama dama). Tooth development can distinguish the year group up to 3 years of age but after this time the popLlation is divided into arbitrary groups on the basis of the degree of wear on the third molar.

301. Chapman, D. 1. & Dansie, 0. (1970). Reproduction and foetal development in female Muntjac deer (Mutntiacus reevesi Ogilby). Mammittialia, 34, 303-19.

Describes the genital tract, ovaries, development of the foetus and the appearance of fawns of the mnLntjac deer (Mwttiacius reevesi). It is suggested that breeding may occuLr throughouLt the year.

302. Cross, R. M. (1970). Activity rhythms of the harvest mouse, Micromiiys ilinittis (Pallas). Mamm)1alia, 34, 433-50.

The activity of nine captive harvest mice (Micromys mimiiltuNs) was stuLdied by direct observation and by the use of time-lapse photography.

303. Dobroruka, L. J. (1970). Fecundity of the Chinese Water Deer, Hydropotes inierlis Swinhoe, 1870. Maimniialia, 34, 161-2.

Evidence is presented to suLggest that in litters of the Chinese water deer (Hydropoies inermis) five embryos or more will resuLlt in only four yoLng being alive at birth.

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Abstracts 489

304. Dubost, G. (1970). L'organisation spatiale et sociale de Muntiacus reevesi Ogilby 1839 en semi-liberte. Mammalia, 34, 331-55.

Describes territory formation, marking behaviour and social organization in the muntjac deer, (Muntiacus reevesi) within an enclosure of 7 5 ha.

305. DziVciolowski, R. (1969). Growth and development of red deer calves in captivity. Acta theriol. 14, 141-51.

Describes the changes in weight, measurements and behaviour of two red deer calves (Cervus elaphus) during the first year of life.

306. DziVciolowski, R. (1970). Relations between the age and size of red deer in Poland. Acta theriol. 15, 253-68.

Significant relationships are shown between the age of red deer (Cervus elaphus) and the weights of body organs, stomach and intestines.

307. Folk, G. E., Folk, M. A. & Kreuzer, F. (1970). Initial stages of hibernation: is cold acclimatiz- ation necessary? Acta theriol. 15, 373-80.

Presents evidence to show that the hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus), the woodchuck (Marmota monax) and the garden dormouse (Eliomys quercinus) can enter hibernation 2 days after being placed in a cold room with no preconditioning. The edible dormouse (Glis glis) did not enter hibernation under similar circumstances until at least 10 days after entry into the cold room. The heart beat rate of the hibernating woodchuck is related to the air temperature.

308. Froment, A. (1972). Soil respiration in a mixed oak forest. Oikos, 23, 273-7. Details of fluctuations over 3 years, using the inverted box method of Walter & Haber. Rate of

CO2 production positively correlated with mean soil temperature when trees are leafless, and with water content of the soil when trees are in leaf.

309. GVbczyn'ski, M. (1970). Development of temperature regulation in the fat dormouse. Acta theriol. 15, 357-60.

From 4-6 days until 22 days of age the body temperature of the edible dormouse (Glis glis) rises by an average of 0-17? C/day. It then rises by 0 05? C/day until day 28. The temperature of dormice is stabilized at 35.50 C after 1 month of age. Resistance to cooling develops during the first 3 weeks of life.

310. Gelmroth, K. G. (1969). Das Problem des 'Aktivitatssolls' bei Muriden. Z. Saugetierk. 34, 228-37.

The literature on activity rhythms is reviewed. A comparison is made of the activity pattern of Apodemus sylvaticus with continuous food and water and without food and water on every second day. It is concluded that activity decreases on the days with food and water, but remains 'normal' during the days without food and water.

311. Gelmroth, K. G. (1969). Die Aktivitatsmuster von Gelbhalsmausen (Apodemus flavicollis) und Zwergmiiusen (Micromys minutus) aus dem Raume Kiel. Z. Sdugetierk. 34, 371-5.

The activity pattern of the yellow-necked fieldmouse in an artificial 12:12 hour light-dark cycle shows only one peak close to the start of the dark period and then a slow decline. The activity patterns of harvest mice under the same conditions are very variable and the mean pattern cannot be considered typical.

312. Girons, H. Saint, Brosset, A. & Girons, M. C. Saint (1969). Contribution a la connaissance du cycle annuel de la Chauve-souris Rhinolophus ferrumequinum (Schreber, 1774). Mammalia, 33, 357-470.

An histological and physiological study of fifty-five specimens taken throughout the year. Information is given about endocrine glands, genital tract, alimentary canal, spleen, blood sugar

S

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490 Abstracts

and liver glycogen. It is stated that there is no relationship between the condition of the endocrine glands and hibernation, and that except for females in breeding colonies, hypothermia can occur in all seasons.

313. Gliwicz, J. (1970). Relation between trappability and age of individuals in a population of the bank vole. Acta theriol. 15, 15-32.

The average number of captures per individual varies with age and between individuals of the same age. The factors affecting trappability are discussed.

314. Goszczyn'ski, J. (1970). Penetration of an area by small forest rodents. Acta theriol. 15, 209-22.

Describes the use of stained bait to indicate the range of penetration of Apodemus flavicollis, A. agrarius and Clethrionomys glareolus. Most of the range is shown within one day and in mixed habitats penetration is limited to the humid areas.

315. Harmata, W. (1969). The thermopreferendum of some species of bats (Chiroptera). Acta theriol. 14, 49-62.

The temperature preferences of seven species of European bats are described and related to the length of seasonal activity and to their geographical distribution.

316. Haug, M. & Ropartz, P. (1970). Confirmation du role essentiel des androgenes dans le determinisme de l'agressivite intraspecifique de la souris male. Mammalia, 34, 200-6.

Shows that testosterone propionate will revive aggressive behaviour in castrated Mus musculus although the percentage of fights is decreased and the latency period increased. Similar aggressive behaviour continues for at least 10 days after cessation of the treatment whether the accessory glands are present or absent.

317. Howard, P. J. A. (1972). Problems in the estimation of biological activity in soil. Oikos, 23, 235-40.

It is probably necessary to define which aspect of biological activity is to be measured, rather than attempt an overall assessment.

318. Hultin, L. (1971). Upstream movements of Gammarus pulex pulex (Amphipoda) in a South Swedish stream. Oikos, 22, 329-47.

Trapping 150 000 individuals over 14 months showed maximum activity in June and July, minimum in March. Correlation with temperature, precipitation and water level.

319. Jones, M. & Roberts, S. J. (1972). Observations on a pair of nightjars at the nest, Little Oaks, Wentwood, 1971. Monmouthshire Birds, 1, 300-4.

An account of breeding activities of a pair of night-jars with details of nesting and rearing of young, including the effects of climatic and other environmental factors.

320. Kahmann, H. (1969). Die Alveolenmuster der Oberkieferzahnreihe der Waldmaus, Haus- ratte und Hausmaus aus Populationen der grossen Tyrrhenischen Inseln. Z. Sauge- tierk. 34, 164-83.

Discusses the variation in the alveoli and roots of the upper right tooth row of the wood mouse, black rat and house mouse.

321. Kolb, A. (1970). Das Ortungsprinzip bei Fledermausen. Z. Saugetierk. 35, 306-20.

A review of echolocation in bats. Describes the types of ultrasound emission and the theories of location. Experiments are described which cannot be explained by the existing theories and a new theory of location is proposed.

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Abstracts 491

322. Lienhard, U. (1970). Beitrag zu-Wasserspitzmaus, Neomys fodiens (Pennant, 1771) mit hoher Embryonenzahl. Z. Siiugetierk. 35, 106-7.

Describes a female water shrew (Neomys fodiens) with eleven embryos.

323. MacRoberts, M. H. & MacRoberts, B. R. (1972). The relationship between laying date and incubation period in herring and lesser black-backed gulls. Ibis, 114, 93-7.

324. Metz, L. J. (1971). Vertical movement of Acarina under moisture gradients. Pedobiologia, 11, 262-8.

An experimental study of the ability of various mites to withstand a degree of desiccation, and of their mobility under dry conditions.

325. Morris, I., Yentsch, C. M. & Yentsch, C. S. (1971). Relationship between light carbon dioxide fixation and dark carbon dioxide fixation by marine algae. Limnol. Oceanogr. 16, 854-8.

The ratio of carbon dioxide fixation in light to that in the dark increases with increasing cell concentration, both in natural and experimental populations. The relevance of this phenomenon to the standard method of determining primary production by means of carbon-14 is discussed.

326. Morton, B. (1971). The diurnal rhythm and tidal rhythm of feeding and digestion in Ostrea edulis. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 3, 329-42.

Diurnal and tidal rhythms in a semi-lunar rhythm.

327. Myrcha, A. Kostelecka-, Ggbczyn'ski, M. & Myrcha, A. (1970). Some morphological and physiological parameters of mountain and lowland populations of the bank vole. Acta theriol. 15, 133-42.

Blood morphology, blood volume, oxygen consumption, isolation value of fur, weight of heart, lungs, liver, spleen and gut are compared in lowland and highland populations of the bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus).

328. Pielowski, Z. (1969). Sex ratio and weight of hares in Poland. Acta theriol. 14, 119-31.

A study of 50 000 hares (Lepus europaeus) shot in Poland over 4 years. In autumn/winter the sex ratio was 48-6:51-4 in favour of females. Mean weights increased from the west of Poland to the east.

329. Purves, P. E. (1969). The structure of the flukes in relation to laminar flow in cetaceans. Z. Siiugetierk. 34, 1-8.

Describes direct observations of the swimming movements of living dolphins. The insertions of the tendons of the locomotory muscles of the tail in the common porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) are also described and it is concluded that the only power-stroke of the tail is the upstroke. The fine structure of the horizontal collagen fibres in the flukes is related to the method of locomotion. The hydrofoil section of the flukes and the streamlining of the caudal peduncle assist high-speed flexion of the tail.

-330. Reichstein, H. (1969). Wasserspitzmaus, Neomys fodiens (Pennant, 1771) mit hoher Embryonenzahl.. Z. Saugetierk. 34, 226-8.

A female water shrew trapped in Schleswig-Holstein was pregnant with ten embryos.

331. Runzheimer, J. (1969). Quantitative Untersuchungen an der 5. Gefangenschaftsgeneration von Clethrionomys glareolus (Schreber, 1780). Z. Saugetierk. 34, 9-37.

The body and organ weights of forty-seven male and thirty-three female bank voles of fifth generation laboratory stock are described. The results are compared with similar analyses of bank voles caught in the field.

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492 Abstracts

332. Russel, R. J. (1972). Defensive responses of the aphid Drepanosiphum platanoides in encounters with the bug Anthocoris nemorum. Oikos, 23, 264-7.

Details of the various techniques used to avoid capture. Walking away is the most effective.

333. Ryszkowski, L. & Truszkowski, J. (1970). Survival of unweaned and juvenile bank voles under field conditions. Acta theriol. 15, 223-32.

The survival of young bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus) was followed by marking individuals and litters in nest boxes. Survival of three cohorts of newborn voles to trappable age varied from 47 to 61%.

334. Sergeant, A. B. (1972). Red fox spatial characteristics in relation to waterfowl predation. J. Wildl. Mgmt, 36, 225-36.

The use of transmitters greatly facilitated a study of the territorial behaviour of the fox (Vulpes vulpes) whose territories were found to belong to individual families, and to be from 1 to 3 square miles in extent. Foxes were found to be important predators of dabbling ducks.

335. Sturesson, U. & Reyment, R. A. (1971). Some minor chemical constituents of the shell of Macoma balthica. Oikos, 22, 414-6.

Sr, Mg, Zn and Cu levels are given.

336. Walhovd, H. (1971). The activity of a pair of common dormice Muscardinus avellanarius in conditions of captivity. Oikos, 22, 358-65.

Details of activity in 31 summer months.

337. Waughman, G. J. (1972). Acetylene reduction assay for nitrogen fixation in sand dunes. Oikos, 23, 206-12.

Results suggest that the main contribution to the system as a whole comes from Lotus corni- culatus.

338. Webb, N. R. (1970). Oxygen consumption and population metabolism of some mesostig- matid mites (Acari: Mesostigmata). Pedobiologia, 10, 447-56.

Population studies in the field were combined with respirometry in the laboratory to estimate the population metabolism of eight species of mite. Metabolic rate was higher in the predatory forms.

339. Wolk, E. (1969). Body weight and daily food intake in captive shrews. Acta theriol. 14, 35-47.

Describes the annual changes in body weight and food intake of adult and juvenile Sorex araneus given excess food.

See also Abstracts 187, 189, 191, 194, 196, 197, 229, 230, 232, 235, 237, 241, 263, 289, 290, 340.

10. METHODS AND APPARATUS; MATHEMATICS OF INTEREST TO ECOLOGISTS

340. Andrzejewski, R. & Wierzbowska, T. (1970). Estimate of the number of traps visited by small mammals based on a probabilistic model. Acta theriol. 15, 1-14.

Compares the manner of visiting traps in Apodemus agrarius, A. flavicollis and Clethrionomys glareolus together with estimates of the numbers of traps present in their home ranges.

341. Babinska, J. & Bock, E. (1969). The effect of pre-baiting on captures of rodents. Acta theriol. 14, 267-70.

Comparisons at four times of the year show that slightly more animals are caught on grids where removal trapping is preceded by prebaiting.

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