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261 Appendix III The Glossary 1. Guide to Using the Glossary Here are some detailed guidelines on how to use this glossary, on how to interpret the information that is given to you. We will focus on the two most important parts of speech, the noun and the verb, as all others are virtually self- explanatory. Thus, for example, parts of speech that do not change are simply given as they are, without any further ado: conjunctions, prepositions, adverbs… these don’t change, so they are not broken down in any way (whereas verbs and nouns are). Although adjectives do change (that is, they decline), there is no need to present them in any special way – e.g., by separating the endings from the stems – as there are no mysteries involved. Only one note needs to be made in this regard: when given an adjective like тяжк-ы ́ й (meaning difficult, heavy) with final stress, and if the adverbial ending is given as -o, with no stress marked, then this is to be read as ‘stress is not on the -o, but to the left’ – i.e., on the only syllable possible, тя ́ жк-: for the adjective тяжкы ́ й, the corresponding adverb is тя ́ жкo. Where there is no stress on the end, e.g., in далéк-ый (distant, far), and again -o is given as the adverbial form, then there is no change in stress from that of the adjective: далéкый, далéкo. The Noun A noun ends in either a vowel or a consonant, and this element usually allows for the identification of a given noun as masculine, neuter, or feminine. However, as this is sometimes not so, the noun is always identified according to gender; thus, ‘nf’ in рýк-а nf (ы; ы, #) hand stands for ‘noun, feminine.’ The hyphen between the root and final -a indicates that the latter element is the ending, identifying the noun as an ‘a’ declension (which is usually feminine). In the parentheses that follow, key endings are given, all of which will occur to the right of the hyphen in the headword: the Gsg (so the full form will be рýкы); the Npl (again рýкы), and the Gpl. The symbol # is to be read as a ‘zero’ ending after the hyphen: that is, for this word, the Gpl is simply рyк. When stress is not marked on the endings in parentheses, this indicates that the place of stress of the headword is retained throughout the paradigm. Other grammatical forms may be given if this is deemed necessary, e.g., for nouns that are somewhat irregular, but this is rare. If only one form is given in parentheses, then that indicates that the given word tends not to be used in the plural: for example, а word like hockey гóке-й (я), or other ‘uncountables’ like laughter сміх (y) or learning учíн-я (я). For most nouns, the forms given in parentheses are straightforward: one
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Appendix III The Glossary 1. Guide to Using the Glossary Here are some detailed guidelines on how to use this glossary, on how to interpret the information that is given to you. We will focus on the two most important parts of speech, the noun and the verb, as all others are virtually self-explanatory. Thus, for example, parts of speech that do not change are simply given as they are, without any further ado: conjunctions, prepositions, adverbs… these don’t change, so they are not broken down in any way (whereas verbs and nouns are). Although adjectives do change (that is, they decline), there is no need to present them in any special way – e.g., by separating the endings from the stems – as there are no mysteries involved. Only one note needs to be made in this regard: when given an adjective like тяжк-ый (meaning difficult, heavy) with final stress, and if the adverbial ending is given as -o, with no stress marked, then this is to be read as ‘stress is not on the -o, but to the left’ – i.e., on the only syllable possible, тяжк-: for the adjective тяжкый, the corresponding adverb is тяжкo. Where there is no stress on the end, e.g., in далéк-ый (distant, far), and again -o is given as the adverbial form, then there is no change in stress from that of the adjective: далéкый, далéкo.

The Noun A noun ends in either a vowel or a consonant, and this element usually allows for the identification of a given noun as masculine, neuter, or feminine. However, as this is sometimes not so, the noun is always identified according to gender; thus, ‘nf’ in

рýк-а nf (ы; ы, #) hand stands for ‘noun, feminine.’ The hyphen between the root and final -a indicates that the latter element is the ending, identifying the noun as an ‘a’ declension (which is usually feminine). In the parentheses that follow, key endings are given, all of which will occur to the right of the hyphen in the headword: the Gsg (so the full form will be рýкы); the Npl (again рýкы), and the Gpl. The symbol # is to be read as a ‘zero’ ending after the hyphen: that is, for this word, the Gpl is simply рyк. When stress is not marked on the endings in parentheses, this indicates that the place of stress of the headword is retained throughout the paradigm. Other grammatical forms may be given if this is deemed necessary, e.g., for nouns that are somewhat irregular, but this is rare. If only one form is given in parentheses, then that indicates that the given word tends not to be used in the plural: for example, а word like hockey гóке-й (я), or other ‘uncountables’ like laughter сміх (y) or learning учíн-я (я). For most nouns, the forms given in parentheses are straightforward: one

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ending per case form. There are, however, a few masculine nouns that have two possible endings in the Gsg, viz. -a or -y; we write these as a/y within the parentheses. Very rarely there may be competing or alternate forms in the Npl and/or the Gpl; both forms are given in such instances as well.

Nouns that are used only in the plural will be cited as such, and the extra form supplied will be the Gpl only:

люд-e npl (Gpl éй) people (pl

of чоловíк)

One complicating factor is that there can be what are called ‘mobile vowels’ (sometimes called ‘fleeting vowels’) in a given paradigm. This means that a vowel (only ever e or o) that is present in the Nsg is not there in other case forms, and, conversely, a vowel that is not there in the Nsg appears in another case form; the latter phenomenon is very restricted, as it occurs only in the Gpl, whereas the loss of a mobile vowel that is present in the Nsg takes place in all case forms that have a vowel in their ending. We will now take a closer look at both situations.

The Loss of Mobile Vowels. The symbol // indicates that there is a mobile vowel in the paradigm. When there is a vowel in the Nsg that will drop in other forms of the word, that vowel appears between the two lines; the two lines given together (//) indicate the loss or absence of that vowel. Thus:

д/е/н-ь nm (//н-я; ï, ïв) day: /e/

indicates that the vowel e drops out when a vowel (an ending) is added to the word: Nsg д/е/н- + я > Gsg дня, etc. The hyphen in //н- indicates that the

other endings supplied (ï, ïв) are simply added to //н-.

цéнт/е/р nm (//p-а; ы, ів)

center: Nsg цéнтер, Gsg цéнтрa, Npl цéнтры etc.

цéрьк/о/в nf (//в-и; и, ей)

church: Nsg цéрьков, Gsg цéрькви, etc.

зачáт/о/к nm (//к-у; ы, ів)

beginning: Nsg зачáток, Gsg зачáткy, etc.

The Insertion of Mobile Vowels. When the symbol // appears in a headword without a vowel in the Nsg, this means that a vowel is inserted when an original final vowel is lost (i.e., in the Gpl, where there is a zero ending #). Thus:

óк//н-о nn (a; a, /e/н#) window: Nsg окнo, Gpl окeн

цíм//р-а nf (ы; ы, /е/р#) room

(in a house): Nsg цíмрa, Gpl цíмeр

дḯв//к-а nf (ы; ы, /о/к#) girl:

Nsg дḯвка, Gpl дḯвок It is not always possible to predict whether the vowel that appears in the Gpl is e or o, although there are some patterns (most of the time, when the following consonant is к, it will be o, for example). Since the words in question are often extremely common, as you can see from the examples given above, just learn them as you come across them.

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The Verb The verb is significantly more complicated than the noun. To account for the many facets of the verbal system, we have developed a suitably more complex system of notations for it. (1) Forms Given: Stress. Following the headword (the infinitive of the verb, alphabetically listed), we identify a verb as either vI or vP (verb, imperfective or perfective), then as I, Ia or II (Conjugation I, Ia, or II). Then we commonly provide two forms, enclosed in parentheses: the 1sg and the 1pl. This differs somewhat from dictionaries or glossaries of other Slavic languages, in which one might find the 1sg and 2sg, or 1sg and 3pl, or sometimes all three. For Rusyn, these two forms are usually the only ones needed, because the 1sg accounts for all three forms in the singular in terms of showing the place of stress, while the 1pl does the same for the plural part of the paradigm. Providing such information is especially important for Rusyn because there are frequently different stress patterns in the singular vs. the plural. Thus, for чíтати ‘to read,’ the citation will be:

чíт-ати vI Ia (aм, áме) to read

The forms given (repeated in bold below) then imply the full present tense (non-past) conjugation 1sg (‘I’) чíтам 2sg (‘you’) чíташ 3sg (‘he, she’) чíтать

1pl (‘we’) чiтáме 2pl (‘you’) чiтáте 3pl (‘they’) чiтáють

Note that the hyphen has to come following the (root) element чíт- because the following a is unstressed to begin with in the singular, then it is stressed; this has to be indicated in the forms in parentheses. Thus it cannot always be the actual stem that occurs to the left of the hyphen (the dictionary aims to be most useful to the general reader rather than to the linguist, although the linguist is kept in mind at every stage as well, as far as this is possible). Where there is no difference in stress between the singular and plural, less information needs to be provided in parentheses:

дýма-ти vI Ia (м, мe) to think

The reason the 3pl is not given instead of the 1pl is that, in many conjugational types, stress can be ‘final’ or ‘absolute final’ – the former means that stress is generally on the ending, while the latter means that it will occur on the very last vowel (syllable) of the ending. The problem is that two of the plural endings have two syllables. The final syllable in the 3pl has only one syllable, viz. -ать/-ять, -уть/-ють, but this syllable will carry the stress whether the 1pl is -Vме or -Vмé (where ‘V’ here can be any of the vowels that occur in the conjugations). If the 1pl is -Vмé, then this also implies that the 2pl will be -Vтé; if it is -Vме, then this also implies that the 2pl will be -Vте. To put it another way, if we were to give the 3pl instead, when this form carries final stress it is not possible to know whether the stress pattern in the 1pl and 2pl is realized as -Vме/-Vте or as -Vмé/-Vтé. For particularly interesting (or simply different) verbal stems, further pieces of vital information can be given, for example:

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ум/é/рти vP I (умр-ý, емé) to

die

This type of verb is relatively rare: here a vowel that is seen in the infinitive (and other forms based upon it) is lost in its conjugation, and this is emphasized by the 1sg and 1pl in parentheses. Of course the writing of e within slashes (//) in the infinitive head word is also meant to indicate that this process does take place, as you have seen in the noun. Although this phenomenon is very common in the noun, in that part of speech the vowel lost is usually part of a suffix rather than the root. Note that the use of the hyphen within the parentheses (in умр-ý) means that умр- does not have to be repeated for the 1pl. Lack of Stress Marks in Parentheses. While this information might be self-evident some of the time, it is worth pointing out nevertheless. There are many, many verbs in which the stress is on the end of the stem in the infinitive (e.g., -ити), while it falls on the root (i.e., to the left of where it is in the infinitive) in the conjugated forms. In the vast majority of such verbs, stress will occur only one syllable to the left, whether the root has more than one syllable (говорити in the following examples) or is preceded by a prefix (as in положыти). So:

говор-ити (ю, име): here the implied stress pattern is говóрю, говóриме полож-ыти (y, ыме): полóжу, полóжыме are to be understood

In the rare instance that stress should move further to the left in the paradigm, then of course there will be more information within the parentheses.

(2) Mutations, Tenses, and Other Information. There are several instances in which more information has to be provided.

First, if there is a mutation in the

1sg that does not occur in the other forms of the paradigm, then this must be shown:

ход-ити vI II (хóд-жу, име) to go (habitually)

In such an example, the whole of the root ход must be repeated in parentheses because the vowel therein is now stressed in the present tense, throughout both the singular and plural; the fact that хóд- is not repeated for the plural means that its presence there is understood. This pattern, where the root is not stressed in the infinitive but is in the present tense, is an extremely common one. Second, if a mutation (or similar change) takes place in another form of the verb beyond the 1sg, this must also be indicated. In Rusyn, verbs of the second conjugation with a root-final labial consonant (b, p, m, v, f) will have an l in the 1sg and the 3pl; therefore, all three forms are given: 1sg, 1pl, plus the 3pl:

люб-ити vI II (люб-лю, име, лять) to love, like

Here we see the same need, as in ходити above, to repeat the root in parentheses: there is a difference in stress; but the 3pl must also be included because of the presence of [l] there as in the 1sg.

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Third, the forms of the past tense may involve extra explanation. Ordinarily, the past tense forms are not provided because they are readily predictable from the form and place of stress in the infinitive:

ходи-ти > ходи-в (masc) ходи-ла (fem)

ходи-лo (neut) ходи-ли (pl)

Such regularity is not always found, however – in terms of both the form of the past and the place of stress. One example will suffice to cover both phenomena:

мочí vI I (мóж-у, eме; міг, могли) to be able, can

The first point to note is that the stem-final consonant of the present tense is hidden (or disguised) in the infinitive. But for the past tense:

a) the consonant differs from that of both the infinitive and present tense; b) there is a vowel alternation between the masculine and remaining forms; c) the tense marker l has been lost in the masculine; and d) the stress is final in the past, unlike the initial stress of the present.

In spite of all of these differences, we need only give these two past tense forms, as the plural могли implies both the neuter (моглó) and feminine (моглá).

Fourth, it is possible that, in one and the same verb, there may be variation within the Rusyn system (i.e., even within the same variant of Rusyn: variation between or among variants is naturally common). In such instances – which are not numerous, by the way – variation must be noted, as in the case of the verb ‘to have:’

мá-ти vI I/Ia (ю, єме; or м, ме) to have

The forms given here, then, imply the following full paradigms: 1sg мáю and/or мам 2sg мáєш маш 3sg мáє мать 1pl мáєме мáме 2pl мáєте мáте 3pl мáють мáють Note that the two variants come together in the 3pl (as well as other forms based on or related to the 3pl). Notes 1. As no glossary can be perfect or absolutely complete (even a very limited one like ours here!), you might not find every form of every verb that you are hunting for. Hints to help you: if it's a prefixed verb that you have read and need to find, but you don't find it exactly as it is in your reading, a) take off the prefix and see if that form is in the glossary (it should be!); or b) check to see if it is the aspectual partner of a verb that is listed. So, for example, for прочíтати, you could look up чíтати. We have made every effort to make this process easier for the reader, but there will, unfortunately and inevitably, be

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occasions when you'll have to do a little bit of searching. 2. For important groups of words that clearly belong together semantically, for example words for family members (4.6.), parts of the body (5.9.), clothing (6.4.), food and drink (7.7.), or names of nationalities (12.6.), readers should refer to the relevant sections within the book, since these vocabulary items are all provided together in one place, though many are also repeated in the body of the glossary itself. The table of contents can guide you to these places if you need reminders at any point during your reading.

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2. Rusyn-English А a a conj and (also: as opposed to) áбо conj or áвт-о nn (a; a, #) car aвтобýс nm (a; ы, ів) bus агá interj ah! aha! (I see!) агóй interj Hi (to one person) агóйте interj Hi (to more than one person) áзбук-a nf (ы; ы, #) alphabet aй conj and also aй! interj Oh! актівíт-а nf (ы; ы, #) activity, event актуáлный adj real, up-to-date, in touch, current áле conj but Америка nf (ы) America, U.S.A. Америкáн nm (а; е, ів); Америкáн//к-а nf (ы; ы, /о/к#) American (person) америцькый adj American (see L 12); a. фóтбал (y) Amer. football Америчáн nm (a; е, #/ів); Америчáн//к-а nf (ы; ы, /о/к#) American (person) áнгел nm (а; ы, ів) angel áнгельскый adj angel(ic) Анґлíцьк-о nn (a) England анґлíцькый adj English (see L 12) Анґлічáн nm (a; е, #/ів) Englishman; Анґлічáн//к-а nf (ы; ы, /о/к#) Englishwoman Áнґлі-я nf (ï) England áни conj/part neither, nor, not even áнцуґ nm (a; ы, ів) suit аперітíв nm (a; ы, ів) apéritif архітéкт(ор) nm (a; ы, ів) architect

Б б бáб-а nf (ы; ы, #) grandmother банáн nm (a; ы, ів) banana бандýр//к-а nf (ы; ы, /o/к#) potato бáн//к-а nf (ы; ы, /o/к#) bank (finance) банкáр-ь nm (я; ḯ, ḯв) banker бápже adv very; more (see веце) баpз adv very баpзḯ adv very; more (see веце) баскетбáл nm (y) basketball баскетбалóвый adj (pertaining to) basketball баюс-ы npl (#) mustache без prep (+G) without белáвый adj blue бéрег nm (a; ы, ів) shore, bank (of a river) берéз-a nf (ы; ы, #) birch tree бібліотéк-a nf (ы; ы, #) library бівш: see вéце бíвшый: see вéкшый бíга-ти vI Ia (aм, аме) to run (see L14) бíдный adj poor біж-áти/біж-ти vI I (ý, ымé) to run (see L14); vP побіжáти білизн-а nf (ы) underwear бíлый adj white б[і]л-ь nf (бóл-и; и, ей) pain біоґрáфі-я nf (ï; ï, й) biography біcḯд-а nf (ы; ы, #) speech, language бісïд-овáти vI I (ýю, ýєме) to talk, converse бы part used to form the conditional (see L 13) быв-áти vI Ia (ам, áме) to stay, reside, live, spend time быти vI irreg (pres єм, єсь, є, сьме, сьте, суть; fut бýд-у, еме) to be благодáтност-ь nf (-и; за + A) gratitude, giving thanks (for...); день -и Thanksgiving Day близкый adj close, near близко adv close, near

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близкост-ь nf (-и) nearness блискать vI Ia (3sg) there's lightning блýз-а nf (ы; ы, #) blouse блýз//к-а nf (ы; ы, /o/к#) blouse бо conj for, because Бог nm (a; V Бóже!) God богáтый adj rich богáч nm (á; ы, íв) rich man богзна(є)тьхтó God/who knows who богзна(є)тьштó God/who knows what бокáнч-a nf (і; i, #) shoe болḯ-ти vI II: to hurt; болить ня Х: X is hurting me бóрод-а nf (ы; ы, #) beard бо-яти ся vI II (ю, ïмé ся) (+G) to fear; vP II по- брaт nm (a; óве, ів) brother; also collective Npl брáтя б//рáти vI I (бéр-у, еме) to take (see P взяти) Братїслáва nf (ы) Bratislava брáтик nm (a; ы, ів) little brother (diminutive) братрáн/е/ць nm (//ця; //цї, //цїв) cousin Бріт nm (a; ы, ів) Брíт//к-а nf (ы; ы, /o/к#) Briton Брітáні-я nf (ï) Britain брітáньскый adj British бріх nm (a; ы, ів) abdomen, belly брóвы npl eyebrows; see павучáйкы бýде vI (see быти) it/there will be будин/о/к nm (//к-а; ы, ів) building (also будóва) будител-ь nm (я; ï, ïв) awakener, reviver буд-овáти vI I (ýю, ýєме) to build бýкв-а nf (ы; ы, #) letter (of the alphabet) бýр-я nf (ï; ï, ь) storm; iдé/прийде б. a storm is coming В в в (or у) prep (+L) in

валáл (=сeлó) nm (у; ы, ів) village варéный ppp (< варити) boiled варіáнт nm (a; ы, ів) variant (e.g., of a language) ваш poss pron (a, e, ы) your (pl, sg polite) вдячный adj grateful, thankful; -о (-ï) adv gratefully вез-ти vI I (у, еме; past віз вéзла) to convey, take by vehicle; vP I по- вéкшин-а nf (ы; ы, #) majority вéкшый comp larger (also бíвшый) Велик-a Брітáні-я nf phrase (G ой ï) Great Britain великобрітáньскый adj referring to Great Britain Велик-день nm (G -óдня) Easter (Sunday); also Пáсха великый adj big, large; compar. вéкшый (also бíвшый) великóдный adj (pertaining to) Easter Велс nm (у) Wales Велсáн nm (а; е, ів) Welshman Велсáн//к-а nf (ы; ы, /o/к#) Welshwoman вéлськый adj Welsh вернýти vP I (вéрн-у, еме) to return, give back; в. ся to return, go back весéлый adj joyful, happy вéсти vI I (вéд-у, еме; past вiв вeлá) to take, lead on foot вéце adv more (+ adj = comp); also бівш вечéр-я nf (ï; ï, ь) dinner, supper (evening meal) вечéря-ти vI Ia (м, ме) to have dinner, supper (evening meal) вéч-ур (var вéч-oр) nm (-éр-а; ы, ів) [in the] evening; Святый вéчур Christmas Eve вечýркы adv in the evening (coll, folksy) вєдно adv together взимі adv in the winter взяти vP I (вóзьм-у, -еме) to take

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вівтóр/о/к nm (//кa) Tuesday вíд-ïти vI II (жу, име) to see; vP II y- (also spelled видïти) він pron he; it (masc.) вíсем num eight вісемдесят num eighty вісемдесятый num eightieth вісемнáдцятый num eighteenth вісемнáдцять num eighteen вíсемсто num eight hundred вiсемстоцятый num eight hundredth віт-áти vI I/Ia (ам/аєм, áме/áєме) to welcome; вітá(є)ме вас! welcome! (lit: we welcome you!) вíт/о/р nm (//р-а; ы ів) wind віфлеєм/e/ць nm (//ц-я; ï, ïв) caroler видïти: see вíдïти вин-о nn (a) wine вы pron you (pl and formal sg) выбер-áти vI Ia (aм, áме) to choose; vP I выб//рати (выб/е/р-у, еме) вывер-тïти vP II (чу, тиме) to drill (out) a hole in smth выдкы (=óдкы) adv from where выдкысь adv from somewhere выдтам adv from there, from that place выдты adv from here, from this place вызер-áти vI Ia (ам, áме) to look, appear (as in: how does it/do I look?); вызéрать, же… it seems that… высел-ити vP II (ю, име) to expel, move out

высóкый adj high, tall выступ-ити vP II (лю, име, лять) to perform, appear (on stage) высушеный (< высушыти) ppp dried вытїк-áти vI Ia (ам, áме) to flow out; logically follow from выход nm (y) east; also exit выход-ити vI II (жу, име) to exit, go out; vP I выйти (выйд-у, eме)

выясн-ити vP II (ю, име) to explain выш//к-а nf (ы; ы, /о/к#) height вкáз-овати ся vI I (ую, yєме) to seem, to look like влак nm (y; ы, ів) train влáстный adj (one's) own вмéрти: see yмéрти вна pron she; it (fem.); var: онá внéс-ти vP I (y, еме) to carry into; vI II вно-сити (шу, симе) вни pron they; var: они вно pron it (neut.); var: онó вночí adv at night внук nm (а; ы/внýци, внýків) grandson (diminutive forms, see 4.6) внýч//к-а nf (ы; ы, /о/к#) granddaughter вóвір//к-а nf (ы; ы, /о/к#) squirrel вов-к nm (кa; кы/ци, ків) wolf вóгко adv humid водити vI II (вóд-жу, име) to lead, take (someone) on foot вóдни (вóдне/увóдне) adv during the day вóд-а nf (ы; ы, #) water во-ёвáти vI I (юю, юєме) to fight (for: за + A) во-зити vI II (жу, зиме) to transport, take smth or someone by vehicle воíстину adv in truth, truly; Bоíстину воскрéс! a response to the priest at Easter services: Truly He is risen! вóйн-а nf (ы; ы, вóєн) war волейбáл nm (у) volleyball волейбалíста nm (ы; ы ів) volleyball player вóлос nm (a; a, ïв) (a, an individual) hair волóс-я nn (я) hair (as a collective; in general) вóл-я nf (ї) (one's) will вопх-áти vP Ia (ам, áме) to put/stuff into

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вóрг-ы npl (#) lips воротáр-ь nm (я; ḯ, ḯв) goalie, goalkeeper восéни adv in the autumn/fall воскрéс: see воíстину above Воскресéні-є nn (я) Resurrection вóсьмый, óсьмый num eighth все adv always вýх-о nn (а; a, #) ear, also ýх-о вход-ити vI II (жу, име) to enter, go in; vP I войти (вóйд-у, eме) вчéра adv yesterday вшелияк adv all different ways; anyhow; так вшелияк so-so вшытк-о pron all (sg), everything; -ы all (pl), everyone Г г гев adv to here/this place: ідь гев! Come here! (Also: ідь ту!) гей interj yes гет adv to a place away (from here): ідь гет! Go away! гíршый comp adj worse гырмíти vI II: гырмить (3sg) it's thundering/there's thunder глáвн-ый adj main, primary; -о (-ï) adv mainly, primarily; also головный глубóкый adj deep глýпый adj stupid; dull, simple (of a person) гляда-ти vI Ia (м, ме) to look for, search for гнïв nm (у) anger говор-ити vI II (ю, име) to say, speak; P: see повíсти say, tell годин-а nf (ы; ы, гóдин) hour гóдный adj capable; worthy; suitable гóке-й nm (я) hockey гóлов-а nf (ы; ы, #) head головный adj main, chief, principal гóлод nm (а) hunger голод-ный; short éн, нá adj hungry гóр-a nf (ы; ы, #) mountain

гóрл-о nn (a; a, #) throat горячк-а nf (ы) fever, temperature горячо adv hot гост-ь nm (я; ï, ïв) guest готéл nm (a; ы, ів) hotel готóв-ити vI II (лю, име, лять) to prepare; vP II при- готóвый adj ready, prepared град nm (у) hail грá-ти vI I/Ia (м, ме; or var ю, єме) to play (a game or sport; music); vP Ia по- грá-ти ся vI I/Ia (м, ме; or var ю, єме) to play грїх nm (á; ы, íв) sin гриб nm (a; ы, ів) mushroom грóш-ы npl (ей) money; also пінязï грýд//к-а nf (ы; ы, /o/к#) lump, clump (e.g., of food); egg curd cheese (Easter specialty) грýд-ь nf (и; и, éй) breast; chest гул-яти vI Ia (ям, яме) to stroll; P: по- гýс//к-а nf (ы; ы, /o/к#) goose гýся nn (-ти; -та, -т#) gosling Ґ ґ ґаз nm (a) gas (natural) ґáзд-а nm (ы; ы, ів) boss, landowner, proprietor (important man in the village!) ґалéрі-я nf (ї; ï, й) gallery ґáмбы: see вóргы ґáч-і npl (#) underpants, knickers ґéні-й nm (я; ї, їв) genius ґéрок nm (a; ы, ів) coat (зимýшнїй: winter) ґімнастíчный adj gymnastic ґол nm (a/y) goal (football/soccer) ґрáдус nm (а/у; ы, ів) degree (temperature) ґріловáный ppp grilled (< ґріловáти) ґрýп-а nf (ы; ы, #) group (in var. senses)

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ґу see ку Д д да-вáти vI I/Ia (ю, ємé; var дáв-ам, áме) to give; P: see дaти дáвный adj of long ago, remote (in time) дáвно adv a long time (ago), long ago дáвно-предáвно adv a long long time (ago): long, long ago даґдé: see десь дaкíлько adv some (a certain number or amount of; +G) даколи indef adv (at) sometime, sometimes

дакóтрый indef pron some kind of далéк-ый adj far, distant; -o adv far (away) дáлшый adj further; other дáмскый adj ladies', women's дарýн/o/к nm (//к-а; ы, ів) present, gift дaти vP Irreg (дам, даш, дасть, дамé, датé/дастé, дадýть) to give дахтó indef pron (G дакóго) someone даштó indef pron (G дачóго) something даякый indef pron some kind of два num two (for masc nouns) двaдцятый num twentieth двáдцять num twenty дванáдцятый num twelfth дванáдцять num twelve двáраз num twice двáстый see двастоцятый двáсто num two hundred двастоцятый (and двáстый) num two hundredth двéр-ï npl (Gpl ей) door дві num two (for neut and fem nouns) двыч = двáраз двóє, двóï coll num group/set of two (L 13)

де adv where; whither (to where) девятнáдцятый num nineteenth девятнáдцять num nineteen девятый num ninth дéвять num nine девятьдесят num ninety девятьдесятый num ninetieth дéвятьсто num nine hundred дeвятьстоцятый num nine hundredth дéзéрт nm (y) dessert; note two poss. stresses д/е/н-ь nm (//н-я; ï, ïв) day дéрев-о nn (a; a, #) tree, wood; also стром (= tree) десятый num tenth дéсять num ten десятьрóч-а nn (a; a, #) decade десь (дéська) adv somewhere дзвон-ити vI II (ю, име) to call, phone; vP II по-; see телефоновáти дізна-вáти ся vI I (ю, ємé) to find out; vP Ia дізн-áти ся (ам, áме) ділéм-а nf (ы; ы, #) dilemma д[і]м nm (дóм-а; ы, ів) house діста-вáти vI I (ю, ємé) to receive; дістá-ти; vP I (н-у, еме) дḯв//к-а nf (ы; ы, /о/к#) girl; daughter дïвоч//к-а nf (ы; ы, /о/к#) little girl (dim) дḯвча nn (-ти; -та, -т#) girl дḯд-о nm (a; ове, ів) grandfather дḯр//к-a nf (ы; ы, /о/к#) small hole (dim) дїтвáк nm (á) child, baby дḯт-и: see дïтя дïтин-а nf (Gsg ы) child дïт-я nn (яти) child; дḯт-и npl (éй) children дых-ати vI Ia (ам, аме) to breathe днесь (днéська) adv today до prep (+G) to, until добíгн-ути vP I (у, еме) to reach, get to by running добігти vP I to reach, get to by running; see добíгнути, добіжáти

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добіж-áти vP II (ý, ымé) to reach, get to by running дóбрï adv well; (it's) good, OK; fine дóбрый adj good; compar. лḯпшый better добуд-овáти vP I (ýю, ýєме) to build up, build onto дóвг-ый adj long, lengthy (of time); -o adv for a long time довгоочéкованый adj long-awaited довгорóчный adj long-term, long-standing довєдна adv together (= вєдно) довол-ити vP II (ю, име) to allow дода-вáти vI I (ю, ємé) (до + G) to add (to); vP Irreg додaти : see дaти додж nm (ý; í, íв) rain доджáник nm (a; ы, ів) raincoat доджáно adv rainy доднéсь adv (up) until/before today дозáвтра adv until/before tomorrow дозáду adv ago доколи? adv until when? доколись adv until some time, some point дóктор nm (а; ы, ів) doctor дóмa adv at home домиск-о nm (a; a, #) large house дoмíв adv to home, homewards дообíда adv in the morning, before lunch дополýдня adv (in the) morning/before noon дорóг-а nf (ы; ы, #) road, way дорогый adj dear; expensive досвідáня! goodbye! дость or дóста adv quite, rather; enough дотепéрь adv until/before now дoтогды adv until/before then дóч//к-а nf (ы; ы, /о/к#) daughter (dim) дрáг-а: see дорóга дрýгый num second дýже adv very (= барз) дýман-я nn (я) thinking

дýма-ти vI Ia (м, мe) tо think; + сі/собí, же: to think, be of the opinion that дý-ти vI I (ю, єме) to blow духóвный adj spiritual душ-á nf (ы) soul дýшно adv hot (and humid); also спáрно дяк-овати vI I (ую, уєме) to thank (+D): дякую! thank you! Е е Еврóп-а nf (ы) Europe евфемíзм nm (a; ы, ів) euphemism екзáмен nm (a; ы, ів) exam(ination) екзіст-овáти vI I (ýю, ýєме) to exist епóх-а nf (ы; ы, #) epoch, period ероплáн nm (a; ы, ів) airplane; also летáдло Є є є vI Irreg he/she/it is (see быти above) єдéн num one єденáдцятый num eleventh єденáдцять num eleven єднóтный adj united єй = ïḯ (see Appendix II.3) Ё ё ёгó poss and pers pron his; its (masc and neut) (see Appendix II.3) Ж ж жáб-а nf (ы; ы, #) frog жалýд/о/к nm (//к-а; ы, ів) stomach жал-ь nm (ю) pity; на ж. unfortunately

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же conj that (as in 'I know that it is late') жéбы conj in order to, in order that жел-áти vI Ia (ам, áме) to wish (something [A] for someone [D]) жен-á nf (ы; ы, #) Dpl женáм, Lpl женáх, Ipl женáми woman, wife жéньскый adj feminine жывот nm (a) life жы-ти vI (ю, єме) to live, be alive; to be residing: see бывáти жыч-іти vI II (y, iме) = желáти жóвтый adj yellow З з з (зо, із) prep (+I) with; (+G) from, out of, off of за prep (+I) behind, beyond; (+A) [in exchange] for, [thank you] for; [take someone] by [the arm, e.g.]; part. too (prefixed to an adjective) забити vP I (забю, забємé) to kill забыв-áти vI Ia (ам, áме) to forget; забыти vP I: see быти fut зáвтра adv tomorrow заглоб-ити vP II (лю, име, лять) to make fast, fasten загнáти vP Ia (зажéн-у, еме) to send; see also послáти зáгород-a nf (ы; ы, #) garden, yard задáрьмо adv for free, gratis зáд/о/к nm (//к-а; ы, ів) rear end, buttocks Закарпáт-я nn (я) Transcarpathia закарпáтьскый adj Тranscarpathian замéрзн-ути vP I (у, еме) to freeze зáм/о/к nm (//к-а; ы, ів) lock замóкн-ути vP I (у, eме) to become soaked заним-áти ся vI Ia (ам, áме) to be occupied with, to do as an activity (+ I) зáпад nm (y) west запалéный adj fervent, ardent запер-áти vI Ia (ам, áме) to lock

записáти vP I (запиш-y, емe) to write down, note; vI I запис-овати (yю, yєме) зaпяст-я nn (я) wrist зарезервовáти vP I: see резервовáти заруб-áти vP Ia (ам, áме) begin to chop заслýг-а nf (ы; ы, #) credit, merit зась adv again, soon захмáрено adv cloudy захмáрит-и ся vP II (ь, 3sg) to become overcast захов-áти vP Ia (ам, áме) to keep, maintain заход-ити vI II (жу, име) to drop in/by; vP I зайти (зáйд-у, еме) захолод-ити ся vP II (жу, име) = простыти захóп-ити ся vP II (лю, име, лять) to grab зачáт/о/к nm (//к-у; ы, ів) beginning зачін-áти vI Ia (ам, áме) to begin (trans), + ся (intrans); vP I зачати (зáчн-у, еме) збер-áти vI Ia (ам, áме) to collect, gather; vP I зобрáти (зобéр-у, еме) збóгом! bye! зв-áти ся vI I (ý, емé) to be called, named; X ся зве: X is called (named); зву ся: my name is…; vP I по- звéчера adv in the evening здóму adv from home здорóвый, здрáвый adj healthy здорóв(л)-я, здрáв-я nn (я) health; на здрáвя cheers! зеленḯ-ти vI I (є, ють) to turn green (e.g., plants); vP I по- зелéный adj green зéм//л-я nf (ï; ï, /е/ль) land, earth зéмпліньскый adj of or pertaining to Zemplin (region of Slovakia), esp. wine зістá-ти vP I (н-у, еме) to remain зим-a nf (ы; ы, #) winter зимá adv and nf (very) cold (cf. зима) зый-ти ся vP I (ду, деме) to meet, get together зле adv badly

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злый adj bad; wicked, evil; compar. гíршый змагáн-я nn (я; я, ь) competition, match знак nm (a/у; ы, ів) sign знáмый (як) adj known (as) знá-ти vI I/Ia (ю, єме or м, мe) to know знáч-іти vI II (3sg іть, 3pl ать) to mean значíн-я or знáчін-я nn (я) meaning знóва adv again зрáна adv in/from the morning зýб nm (a; ы, ів) tooth зъяв-ити ся vP II (лю, име, лять) to appear, show up І i i conj and (unlike a, used for addition of similar things) Івáнк-iв poss adj (f ова) Ivanko's ідé: see іти ідé-я nf (ï; ï, й) idea із prep see з із собóв I phrase along, with oneself (I of себé self) інáкше adv otherwise інтерéсный adj interesting íншый adj different, other інштітýт nm (a; ы, ів) institute Ip nm (a; ы, ів) Irishman; Íp//к-а nf (ы; ы, /о/к#) Irishwoman Ірлáнді-я nf (ï) Ireland ірлáндьскый adj; íрьскый adj Irish Íрьск-о nn (а) Ireland історíчный adj historical іти vI I (ід-ý, емé; past (i)шов (i)шла) go, be going; vP I піти (пíд-у, еме) іщí adv, part still, yet; in comparative constructions: іщí ліпшый/ліпше (adj and adv) even better

Ï ї ïḯ poss pron her; see Appendix II.3 ḯсти vI Irreg (їм, їш, їсть, їмé, їстé, їдять) to eat; vP Irreg по- ïх poss pron their; see Appendix II.3 Й й йогó poss pron see ёгó К к кабíн-a nf (ы; ы, #) fitting/changing room кáждый pron every, each каждодéннo adv daily, every day кáлап nm (a; ы, ів) hat календáр-ь nm (я; ḯ, ḯв) calendar камарáт nm (a; ы, ів) male friend камарáт//к-а nf (ы; ы, /o/к#) female friend кáмен/е/ц-ь nm (//-я): see град Канáд-а nf (ы) Canada Канадян nm (a; е, #/ів); Канадян//к-а nf (ы; ы, /о/к#) Canadian (person) канáдьскый adj Canadian капéл-a nf (ы; ы, #) (musical) band, group капіталíст-а nm (ы; ы, ів) capitalist капýст-а nf (ы) cabbage Карпáт-ы npl (#) the Carpathians Карпаторусин nm (a; ы, ів) a Carpatho-Rusyn кáшл-ати/кáшл-яти vI Ia (ам/ям, аме/яме) to cough квіт nm (у; ы, ів) flower квíтник nm (а; ы, ів) flower pot кедь: see кідь кiбы (кoбы) conj, part if (in a conditional sense: L13) кідь (sometimes кедь) conj if; when кíл-o nn (a; a, #) kilo(gram)

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кíлько adv how much, how many? (+G) кíн-o nn (a; a, #) movie theater, cinema кінч-áти vI Ia (aм, áме) to end к[і]нь nm (кон-я; ї, ïв/éй, Ipl кíнми/конями, Lpl кóнях) horse кых-ати vI Ia (ам, аме) to sneeze; vP I кыхн-ути (у, еме) клáсти vI I (клад-ý, емé) to place, put down (flat); vP II полож-ыти (у, ыме) кли-кати vI I (чу, чеме) to call, name ключ nm (а; i, ів) key книг-а nf (ы; ы, #) book книж//к-а nf (ы; ы, /о/к#) book кобíч//к-a nf (ы; ы, /о/к#) block of wood (dim) ковбáс-а nf (ы; ы, #) sausage кодіфіковáный adj codified кожýх nm (á; ы, íв) fur coat козмонáвт nm (a; ы, ів) cosmonaut колḯн-o nn (a; a, #) knee коли adv when колись = дaколи кóлo prep (+G) around, near колядовáн-я nn (я) caroling кондіціонáл nm (a/у; ы, ів) conditional (gram.) к[ó]н/е/ць nm (кíнц-я; ï, ïв) end(ing) конéчный adj final; -ї adv finally конкрéтный adj concrete (not abstract), real кóнкурз nm (у; ы, ів) contest, competition контрóл-я nf (ï; ï, ь) check-up/follow-up (at the doctor's) кóрз-о nn (a; a, #) promenade, place (in town) to go strolling корóв-а nf (ы; ы, #) cow корḯн-я nn (я) roots коро-тити vI II (чу, тиме) to shorten корóткый adj short кóрч//м-a nf (ы; ы, /е/м#) tavern, pub котрый pron (rel and interrog) which котрыйсь indef pron some,some kind of

кошáрик nm (a; ы, ів) basket (dim) кошýл-я nf (ï; ï, ь) shirt кравáт-a nf (ы; ы, #) tie, necktie краḯн-a nf (ы; ы, #) a country кра-й nm (ю; ḯ, ḯв) edge; region крáсный adj beautiful крá-сти vI I (дý, демé) to steal крашáн//к-a nf (ы; ы, /о/к#) painted Easter egg крітéрі-й nm (я; ї, їв) criterion крич-áти vI II (ý, імé) to shout; vP I крикн-ути (у, еме) ку (ґу) prep (+D) towards; ку вéчеру towards evening култýр-a nf (ы; ы, #) culture; -ный cultural, cultured куп-овáти vI I (ýю, ýєме) to buy; vP II куп-ити (лю, име, лять) кýртый adj short кус nm (a; ы, ів) a bit, a little кýф/е/р nm (а; ы, ів) suitcase кýч-а nf (i; i, #) a load of (something); barn, pig sty Л л лáмп-а nf (ы; ы, #) lamp, light ласкáвый adj kind, gracious лéгкый adj easy, light леж-áти vI II (ý, ымé) to lie (be in a lying position); vP II полеж-áти to lie down for a bit, have a lie-down лéксік-а nf (ы) lexicon, vocabulary лéкцi-я nf (ï; ï, й) lecture лем conj only лéмківский adj Lemkian, Lemko Лемковин-a nf (ы) Lemko territory (sometimes contextually also the language) летáд//л-о nn (a; a, /е/л#) airplane; also ероплáн летḯти vI II (ле-чý, лeтимé) to fly (L14); vP II по- to set off by air

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літýрґі-я nf (ï) liturgy, mass лḯвый adj left (vs. right) лïн-ь nf (и) laziness лḯпшый comp adj better; -e adv лḯс nm (a; ы, iв) forest лïскóвый adj hazelnut (with орḯх nut) лïт-áти vI Ia (ам, áме) to fly (L14) лḯт-о nn (a; a, #) summer лïчíвый adj healing, medicinal лип-а nf (ы; ы, #) linden/lime tree липóвый adj of the липа лицé nn (я; лиц-я, ь) cheek лиш//к-а nf (ы; ы, /о/к#) fox л/о/ж nf (лжи) lie, untruth лóк/о/т-ь nm (//т-я; ï, ïв) elbow любител-ь nm (я; ï, ïв) amateur; fan, devotee люб-ити vI II (лю, име, лять) to like, love; люб-ити ся (+D) to appeal to, please люд-e npl (Gpl éй) people (pl of чоловíк) лютый adj severe, cruel М м Мадярск-о nn (a) Hungary май ся! мáйте ся! Take care! See you! майóр nm (a; ы, ів) major малый adj little, small; comp мéншый мáлo adv little (small amount of), few (+G); comp мéншe малоколи adv hardly ever, almost never мáма nf (ы; ы, #) mom, mother марамóроськый adj of Maramoroš мáсл-о nn (a) butter материньскый adj maternal, motherly мáтïрь nf mother (see мáти) мáт-и nf (ери; ери, ерéй) mother мá-ти vI I/Ia (ю, єме; or м, ме) to have

мáхн-ути vP I (у, еме) to wave (+ I) мáч//к-а nf (ы; ы, /о/к#) cat мáш//л-я nf (ï; ï, /e/ль) = кравáта медвíд-ь nm (я; ï, ïв) bear мéн-о nn (a; a, #) name (first, given) мéншe adv less (+ adj = comp) мéншый comp adj smaller, lesser меншын-а nf (ы; ы, #) minority, minority group меню nn indecl menu метeлíц-я, метéліц-я nf (ï; ï, ь) snowstorm мéт/е/р nm (//p-а; ы, ів) meter (unit of length) методíчный adj methodical мéтр-о nn (a) metro, subway, underground метрóвый adj -meter (5-meter, etc.) мíджі prep (+I) among; between (location); (+A) motion in between (two or more things) мій poss pron (мóє, мóя, мóї) my мíмо prep (+G) adv past (motion); apart from мíр nm (a) peace мíстный adj local мíст-о nn (a; a, #) town, city містоназывник nm (а; ы, ів) pronoun мíсяц-ь nm (я; ï, ïв) month; also the moon мíтінґ nm (а/у; ы, ів) (mass) meeting міх nm (a; ы, ів) sack, bag мíцно adv strongly м[і]ць nf (мóци) power, strength мило adv dear, nice минýл-ый adj last: l. year -ого рóку; past: p. tense -ый час минýт-а nf (ы; ы, минут) minute мы pers pron we мы-ти vI I (ю, єме) to wash; м. ся to wash oneself, get washed, wash up мыш nf (ы; ы, ей) mouse мнóго adv a lot (+G), much, many; comp вéце

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мож adv one can мóже adv/part maybe, perhaps молитв-а nf (ы; ы, #) prayer мол-ити ся vI II (ю, име ся) to pray; vP II помолити ся молодéжный adj for young people, youth-oriented молодый adj young мóлодост-ь nf (и) youth молок-ó nn (á) milk мóмeнт nm (а/у; ы, ів) moment; interj just a second монархíст-а nm (ы; ы, ів) monarchist монастыр-ь nm (я; ï, ïв) monastery мóр-e nn (я; я, ь) sea мóрк/о/в nf (//ви) carrot мóрoз nm (у; ы, ів) frost мороз-ити vI II (жу, зиме) to freeze; vP зморозити мотóр//ка nf ( ы; ы, /о/к#) motorcycle мотоцíкл nm see моторка мочí vI I (мóж-у, еме; past міг, могли) to be able, can; vP I змочí мудрый adj wise мýжскый adj masculine, mens' мýзык-a nf (ы) music мýк-a nf (ы) torment мук-á nf (ы) flour музыкáлный adj musical мý-сити vI II (шу, симе) must, have to мýченик nm (а; ы, ів) martyr, sufferer м(н)яс-о nn (a; a, #) meat Н н на prep (+L) on, at; (+A) to, onto (motion) наб//рáти vP I (набéр-у, еме) to gather: набер-áти vI Iа (ам, áме) навéчур: see звéчера нaвчíти: see учіти

нaвщíв-ити vP II (лю, име, лять) to visit нагaн-яти vI Ia (ям, яме) to chase нагóлос adv aloud над prep (+I) above, over надрáном adv just before dawn нáдх-a nf (ы) a runny nose, cold = нéжыть нáзв-a nf (ы; ы, #) name, title назв-áти vP I (у, еме) to call, name; vI Ia назыв-áти (ам, áме) най (няй) part may, let (something happen) най superlative prefix; see 12.2. найвéце adv mostly, most of all найлḯпш-ый adj best; -e adv най-ти vP I (нáйд-у, еме) to find накóнець adv finally накуп-ити vP II (лю, име, лять) to buy, go shopping for something нáпад nm (y; ы, ів) idea напíвночі adv at midnight наприклад adv for example нáрод nm (a; ы, ів) people (nation) народенин-ы npl (#) birthday нaрóдный adj national, the people's; folk нaрóдност-ь nf (и; и, ей) nationality, national group насып-ати vP I (лю, леме) strew, spread настá-ти vP I (ну, неме) to come, arrive (about seasons) натóрга-ти vP I (м, ме) pick (e.g. flowers) натурáлный adj natural; plain наход-ити vI II (жу, име) to find; vP I найти (нáйд-у, еме) наш poss pron (нáша, нáше, нáшы) our нашепт-овáти vI I (ýю, ýєме) to whisper; vP I нашеп-тáти (чу, чеме) не part not нéб-о nn (a) sky недáвно adv recently, not long ago недалéко adv not far, nearby

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недḯл-я nf (ï; ï, ь) Sunday нéжыт-ь nf (и) = нáдхa незалéжный adj independent (from/of: од + G) незалéжност-ь nf (и) independence; день -и Independence Day (lit day of…) немóжно adv, impers (it is) not possible (for one +D) нéс-ти vI I (у, еме; past нïс нéсла) to carry (on foot); vP I по- нешýмно adv bad (weather) н[і]ж nm (нóж-a; ы, ів) knife н[і]с nm (нóс-a; ы, ів) nose н[і]ч nf (нóч-і; і, éй) night; NB: pronounced [nič] ніч neg pron nothing; NB: pronounced [n'ič]; also ништо, but this is rarer than ніч нï neg part no (also possible: нє) нḯґда neg adv never (also николи) нïт (also нєт; +G) there is no X (= the lack or absence of X) нивыдкы neg adv from nowhere ниґдé neg adv (to) nowhere николи = нḯґда ниóдкы = нивыдкы нихто neg pron no-one, nobody нияк neg adv in no way; not good ниякый neg pron no kind of нo interj well нoвый adj new нóг-a nf (ы; ы, #) leg, foot ногавíц-ї npl (ь) trousers, pants номінатíв nm (a/y) nominative case но-сити vI II (шу, симе) to carry on foot нóх/о/т-ь nm (//т-я; ï, ïв) (finger) nail ня me (A); see Appendix II.3 няй: see най нян-ё nm (я; ёве, ïв) dad, papa няньк-о nm (a; óве, íв) daddy О о o prep (+L) about, concerning

оберн-ýти ся vP I (y, eме) to turn around, revolve (intrans.) óбід nm (a; ы, ів) lunch, midday; ґу обіду towards midday обід-овáти vI I (ýю, ýєме) to have lunch; vP I по- обïдн-áти собí/ci vI Ia (ам, áме) to order (in a restaurant) обидва, oбидві num both (L13) обычá-й nm (я; ï, ïв) custom, tradition óбласт-ь nf (и; и, ей) oblast’ (district, region) облюб(л)éный adj favorite, much loved обогáч-овати vI I (ую, уєме) to enrich обрóд-а nf (ы; ы, #) rebirth, renaissance óбув nf (ы) footwear (in general) oбхóдніч//к-а nf (ы; ы, /о/к#) sales clerk, shop assistant oбхóдник nm (a; ци or кы, ків) salesman овéч//к-а nf (ы; ы, /о/к#) lamb, small sheep ог/é/нь nm (//н-я; ḯ, ḯв) fire, flame огнёстрó-й nm (я) fireworks од prep (+G) from одбыв-áти ся vI Ia (ать, áють) to take place, happen, be held одвод-ити vI II (жу, име) to take/lead someone away on foot (L14); vP I одвé-сти (ду, деме) одво-зити vI II (жу, зиме) to take someone/something away by vehicle (L14); vP I одвéз-ти (у, еме) одвчéра adv from yesterday, as of yesterday одднéсь see ододнéсь одзáвтра adv from, as of tomorrow óдкы: see выдкы óдкысь: see выдкысь одколи adv from/beginning from when?

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одколись adv from sometime, some point одкpыв-áти vI Ia (ам, áме) to open; vP I одкры-ти (ю, єме) одкрытый adj open, opened одлишност-ь nf (и; и, ей) difference, distinctiveness одно-сити vI II (шу, симе) to carry/take away (on foot; L14); vP I однéс-ти (y, еме) ододнéсь adv from today, from this day одповід-áти vI Ia (ам, áме) to answer +D одпов-íсти vP Irreg (íм, íш, íсть, імé, істé, ідять; past íв, íла) to answer одрáзу adv suddenly одрḯзати vP I (одрḯж-у, еме) to cut off óдтам: see выдтам одтепéрь adv from today, now (on) óдты: see выдты одтогды adv from then, that time одтóргн-ути ся vP I (у, eме) to uncouple/disentangle oneself (од + G, from) одход-ити vI II (жу, име) to leave, go away; vP I одыйти (одыйд-у, еме) ознáч-овати vI I (yю, yєме) to signify, refer to окéй interj okay óк//н-о nn (a; a, /е/н#) window óк-о nn (a; óчі, очéй) eye óкрем prep (+G) besides, apart from окрéмый adj certain, particular; separate óкрес nm (y; ы, ів) district óлін-ь nm (я; ï, ïв) deer онá, онó, они = вна, вно, вни oпíвночі adv at midnight оплáтить ся vI II it is worth, it pays to (+ inf) орḯх nm (а; ы, ів) nut ос/é/л nm (//á; //ы, //íв) donkey óс-[ï]нь nf (ени) fall, autumn

осн-овáти vI I (ýю, ýєме) to found, establish осóбный adj personal остáтнïй adj rest, remaining, the other óсьмый = вóсьмый от/é/ц-ь nm (//ц-я; ḯ, ḯв) father отчíзн-a nf (ы) homeland oфіціáнт nm (а; ы, ів) waiter; see also чáшник оцḯн//к-a nf (ы; ы, /o/к#) grade, mark óчі: see óко П п павучá-йкы npl (ëк) eyebrows пад nm (у; ы, ів) (grammatical) case пáда-ти vI Ia (м, ме) to fall; 3sg used on its own can also mean it's raining: пáдать пак adv then (afterwards, next); also потíм пáл/е/ц-ь nm (//ц-я; ï, ïв) finger; великый п.: thumb пам(н)ят-áти vI Ia (ам, áме) to remember пан nm (a; ове, ів) Mr., Sir пáн-ï nf (ï; ï, ь) Mrs., Madam пáн//н-а nf (а; ы, /е/н#) Miss пáньскый adj gentlemen's папýч-a nf (i; i, #) slipper пáр-а nf (ы; ы, #) a pair, a couple парк nm (у; ы, ів) park пáс//ка nf (ы; ы, /o/к#) sweet Easter bread пас-овáти vI I (ýє) (+ Dat) suits (me, you, etc.), works (for me, you, etc.) пастерізовáн-я nn (я) pasteurization пастеріз-овáти vI I (ýєм, ýєме) to pasteurize Пáсх-а nf (ы) Easter; see Великдень перебáч(те)! Excuse me! Sorry! перебíгован-я nn (я) running, racing перебíг-овати ся vI I (yю, yєме) to go for a run/race пéред prep (+I) in front of, before (spatially)

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переда-вáти vI I (ю, ємé) to pass, transfer; vP Irreg передати (see дати) передвéчур: see предвéчер передъḯд//л-о nn (a; a, /e/л#) appetizer, starter переписáти vP I (-пиш-у, еме) to rewrite; vI I перепис-овати (yю, yєме) перестá-ти vP I (ну, неме) to stop (doing smth) переход-ити vI II (жу, име) to cross, go across; vP I перéй-ти (ду, деме) періпéті-я nf (ї; ï, й) reversal, change in fortune пéр-о nn (a; a, #) pen пéрше adv first, firstly пéршый ord num first п/е/с nm (пса; псы, псів) dog пів num half (= половина) пíвд/е/нь nm (//ня) noon пíвн-[i]ч nf (очі) midnight під prep (+I) under; (+A) under in motion підкарпáтьскый adj Subcarpathian підкрéсл-ёвати vI I (юю, юєме) to underline, stress, emphasize підписáти vP I (-пиш-у, еме) to sign; vI I підпис-овати (yю, yєме) пíзный adj late; -o adv пíзно-препíзно adv really, really late пíкнік nm (а; ы, ів) picnic пінґпóнґ nm (y) pingpong піняз-ï npl (ей) money; see also грóшы п[і]п nm (попá; пóп-и, ів) priest пíс//н-я nf (ï; ï, /е/нь) song піти vP I (пíд-у, еме) to go, head off (to, for a place); imperative подь! пóдьме! пíшкы adv on foot пíшо adv on foot пив-о nn (a) beer пил//к-a nf (ы; ы, /o/к#) saw писáн-я nn (я) writing писáтел-ь nm (я; ï, ïв) writer писáти vI I (пиш-y, емe) to write; vP I на-

пис//м-о nn (a; a, /e/м#) letter пити vI I (пю, пємé; or пию, пиєме) to drink; vP I вы-пити (пю, пємe) плáван-я nn (я) swimming (as an activity) плáва-ти vI Ia (м, ме) to swim, sail плáный adj bad; comp гíршый worse пла-тити vI II (чу, тиме) to pay; vP II за- плé-сти vI I (ту, теме) to braid, knit, weave плéч-е nn (a; і, #) shoulder плын-ути vI I (у, еме) to swim, sail, float (see L14); vP I по- to set off, begin to swim, sail, float по prep (+L) along, about (spatially), after (temporally); (+A) around, up to; also (to go) after, for; (+D) around (spatially) побіг-ти vP I (ну, неме; past побíг, побíгла); побіж-áти vP II (ý, ымé) to take/set off running пов-íсти vP Irreg (íм, íш, íсть, імé, істé, ідять; past íв, íла) to tell, say повн-ити vI II (ю, име) to fill, fulfil пóвный adj full (var. senses) подýм-ати vP Ia (ам, аме) to (have a) think пóдь(ме) see піти поéзі-я nf (ï) poetry позáвтра adv the day after tomorrow позавчéра adv the day before yesterday позер-áти vI Ia (ам, áме) to watch, look at; vP Ia по- to have a look at поḯсти vP Irreg (see ḯсти); поïд-áти vI Ia (ам, áме) to have a bite to eat пóк[і]й nm (покóя) peace [leave me in p.] [as distinguished from мiр] пóкы[ль] adv while пóкля = пóкы[ль] пóл-е nn (я; я, ь) field полежáти: see лежáти половин-а num, nf (ы; ы, #) half

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Поля-к nm (кá;ци, кíв); Поляч//к-а nf (ы; ы, /о/к#), Пóл-ька nf (ькы; ькы, ёк) Pole (person) пóльскый adj Polish Пóльск-о nn (a) Poland; Пóльщ-а nf (і) помáлы adv slowly помáлше adv more slowly помíря-ти vP Ia (м, ме) to measure пóм-[і]ч nf (очі) help помíчніц-я nf (ï; ï, ь) assistant (female) помíчник nm (a; ы, ів) assistant (male) по-мочí vP I (мóж-у, еме) to help понедḯл/ë/к nm (/ь/ка) Monday понук-áти vI Ia (ам, áме) to offer; понýкн-ути vP I (у, eме) пообíдï adv in the afternoon попозерáти vP see позерáти попóлïдне (also пополýдне) adv in the afternoon поправл-яти vI Ia (ям, яме) to repair, work on попрoб-овáти vP I (ýю, ýєме) to try, taste пóр-[і]г nm (огу; огы, огів) threshold поряд/o/к nm (//к-у; ы, ів) order; в п-дку in order, OK послáти vP I (пóшл-ю, еме) to send; vI Ia посылáти; also: загнáти послḯднïй adj last (in a series), final постáв-ити vP II (лю, име, лять) to place, put (in a standing position) потеплḯ-ти vP I (є) to warm up (weather) потíм adv then (afterwards, next); also пак потреб-овáти vI I (ýю, ýєме) to need потрíбный adj necessary, needed поход-ити vP II (жу, име) to walk around for a bit похолоднḯ-ти vP I (є) to get colder поцілýн/о/к nm (//к-a; ы, ів) (a) kiss

пóшт-a nf (ы; ы, #) post office прáвд-а nf (ы) truth правдивый adj right, correct прáвый adj right (vs. left) прáв-о nn (a; a, #) law; right (the right to something, to do something) правослáві-є nn (я) Оrthodoxy практíчный adj practical праславяньскый adj proto-Slavic пре- prefix: ‘most, extremely, very’; see 12.2. предвéчер adv the evening before; the eve of прéд/о/к nm (//к-a; ы/óве, ів) ancestor, forefather предсїдáтел-ь nm (я; ï, ïв) chairman предстáв-ити vP II (лю, име, лять) to present; introduce презент-овáти vI I (ýю, ýєме) to present презідéнт nm (а; ы, ів) president прекрáсный adj excellent, wonderful прибіг-áти vI Ia (ам, áме) to come running; vP I прибíгн-ути (у, еме) to run off, set off/start running to here, this place привыкн-ути vP I (у, eме) to get used to привод-ити vI II (жу, име) to bring (someone) on foot; vP I при-вéсти (вéд-у, еме) приво-зити vI II (жу, зиме) tо bring someone or something by vehicle; vP I привéз-ти (у, еме) приглá-сити vP II (шу, симе) to invite пригол-осити ся vP II (óшу, óсиме) to express oneself, declare oneself (ку + D) прилог-a nf (ы; ы, #) side dish при-нoсити vI II (нó-шу, симе) to bring (on foot); принéс-ти vP I (у, еме) припад nm (a; ы, ів) instance, occurrence, event: in the event of в припадï (+G)

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приход-ити vI II (жу, име) to come, arrive; vP I прий-ти (д-у, еме) приятел-ь nm (я; ï, ïв) friend (male) приятел/ь/к-a nf (ы; ы, /ё/к#) friend (female) про prep (+A) for (recipient, benefit of) прoб-овáти vI I (ýю, ýєме) to try (var. senses) прóґрам nm (y; ы, ів) program продати vP Irreg (see дати) to sell; vI I прода-вáти (ю, ємé or вам, вáме) продóвж-oвати vI I (yю, yєме) to continue прóз-а nf (ы) prose променáд-а nf (ы; ы, #) stroll, promenade; place (in a town) to go strolling; see кóрзо пронаслḯд-овати vI I (yю, yєме) to persecute про-сити vI II (шу, симе) to ask [for something]; про-сити ся vI II (шу, симе) to ask [a question]; see also прóшу про-стити vP II (щу, стиме) to forgive; прощ-áти vI Ia (ам, áме) прóстый adj simple (not difficult) просты-ти vP I (ну, неме) to catch cold прóтïв, прóти(в) prep (+G) against прóтоже conj because профéсор nm (a; ы, ів) professor проход-ити vI II (жу, име) to go through, along; vP I прóй-ти (ду, деме) прочíт-ати vP Ia (ам, аме) to read прóшу part please; you’re welcome; here you are (said to you when being given smth, e.g. in a restaurant) прямо adv straight, directly Пряш-ів nm (овa) Prešov пряшівскый adj (of, from) Prešov пструг nm (a; ы, ів) trout пуляк nm (á; ы, íв) turkey (masc) пýл/ь/к-а nf (ы; ы, /ё/к#) turkey (fem)

пустити vP II (пý-щу, стиме) to let go, allow; пущ-áти vI Ia (ам, áме) пут-овáти vI I (ýю, ýєме) to travel путь nf (и; и, éй) path, way пят-a nf (ы; ы, #) ankle, heel; sometimes пятá пятéро coll num (group of) five (see 13.3.) пятый num fifth пятнáдцятый num fifteenth пятнáдцять num fifteen пятніц-я nf (ï) Friday пять num five пятьдесят num fifty пятьдесятый num fiftieth пятьсто num five hundred пятьстоцятый num five hundredth Р р рáді-о nn (а/я; а/я, й) radio, radio station рáд-ити vI II (жу, име) to advise (+D); vP по- рáд-овати ся vI I (yю, yєме) be happy, glad рáдше comp more happily, rather; мáти р. to prefer раз adv once; time (as in once, twice, three times = раз, двáраз, трираз) ра-й nm (ю; ї, їв) paradise райóн nm (a/y; ы, ів) region; see реґіóн рак nm (a; y, ів) crawfish/crayfish; мóрьскый рак crab рáн-о nn (a; a, #) morning рáно, ранéнько (dim.) adv (in the) morning, early рáно-ранéнько adv really early рахýн/о/к nm (//к-a; ы, ів) the check (in a restaurant), bill реáлност-ь nf (и) reality револýці-я nf (ï; ï, й) revolution револýчный adj revolutionary реґіóн nm (a; ы, ів) region; see райóн

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резерв-овáти vI I (ýю, ýєме) to reserve; vP I за- репýблік-а nf (ы; ы, #) republic рештаврáнт nm (a; ы, ів) restaurant; also рештаврáці-я nf (ï; ï, й) р[i]г nm (рóг-а; ы, ів) horn рідный adj native рíз//к-a nf (ы; ы, /o/к#) steak р[і]к nm (рóк-у; ы, ів) year рік-á nf (ы; рíк-ы, #) river Ріств-ó nn (á) Christmas; see also Рождествó рідкый adj rare; -о rarely рḯзати vI (pḯж-у, eме) to cut рихт-овáти ся vI I (ýю, ýєме) to plan to (do smth) + inf рыб-а nf (ы; ы, #) fish рыбáр-ь nm (я; ḯ, ḯв) fisherman роб-ити vI II (лю, име, лять) to do, be doing, make, work; vP II зробити; also поробити vP to do or work for a while робóт-a nf (ы; ы, #) work род nm (a/у; ы, ів) gender (grammatical) род-инá nf (ины; ины, ин) family; see also фамéлія and фамилíя рóд-ити ся vI II (жу, име) to be born, vP II на- рóдіч nm (a; i, ів) parent Рождеств-ó nn (á): see Ріствó розвит/о/к nm (//к-у; ы, ів) development, growth розмáх-овати vI I (yю, yєме) to wave (+ Inst) розмeрз-áти vI Ia (ать 3sg) to melt розмeтáный ppp scattered рóзум nm (y) understanding, reason розум-íти vI II (лю, име, лять) to understand; порозумíти vP II to get it, catch on розýмн-о, -ї adv reasonably, rationally росповідáн-я nn (я) story-telling, narration рост-и vI I (ý, емé) to grow

рот nm (a; ы, ів): see ýста рóчник nm (a; ы, ів) anniversary; year, annual event рýк-a nf (ы; ы, #) arm, hand румýньскый adj Romanian Румýньск-o nn (a) Rоmania Русин nm (a; ы, ів) Rusyn male Русин//к-а nf (ы; ы, /о/к#) Rusyn female русиньскый adj Rusyn Руснá-к nm (кá; ци or кы, ків) Rusyn male Руснáч//к-а nf (ы; ы, /о/к#) Rusyn female Рус-ь nf (и) Rus' (see 13.5.) ряд/ó/к nm (д//к-á; ы, íв) line С с сад nm (y; ы, ів) garden, yard сáк-о nn (a; a, #) blazer, sportscoat сам pron m self (I myself did it), f самá, pl самы сáмо собóв, самособóв adv phr of course свáдьб-а nf (ы; ы, #) wedding свíжый adj fresh свій poss pron (свóє, свóя, свóї) one's (own) свiт nm (у; ы, ів) world свíтит-и vI II (3sg -ь) to shine свíтлый adj light (in color) свiтóв-ый adj world; -a вóйнa world war святый adj holy; Saint Святый вéчур adj, nm Christmas Eve; see вéчур святк-овáти vI I (ýю, ýєме) to celebrate свят-о nn (a; a, #) holiday (holy day); var сято (Sc) святóчный adj festive; dressy (shoes etc.) свящéни-к nm (ка; ци/кы, ків) priest сeбé refl pron oneself (A/G)

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сéвер nm (a) north сéверный adj northern северовыход nm (y) northeast северозáпад nm (y) northwest сел-ó nn (á; a, #) village селян nm (a; е/ы, ів) villager, village dweller сéмый num seventh сентіменталíст-а nm (ы; ы, ів) sentimentalist сéрд//ц-е nn (я; я, /е/ць or //ць) heart сéред prep (+G) among, in the midst of сéред-а nf (ы) Wednesday середин-а nf (ы; ы, #) middle серéднїй adj middle; secondary (school); neuter серьëзный adj serious сест//р-á nf (ы; ы, /е/р#) sister сестренíц-я nf (і; і, ь) cousin сестрíч//к-а nf (ы; ы, /о/к#) sister (dim) Сілéзі-я nf (ï) Silesia с[і]л-ь nf (сóли) salt сiмпатізáнт nm (a; ы, ів) devotee, admirer сiмпатíчный adj nice (of a person), likeable сíнтаксіс nm (у) syntax сïм num seven сïмдесят num seventy сïмдесятый num seventieth сïмнáдцятый num seventeenth сïмнáдцять num seventeen сḯмсто num seven hundred сïмстоцятый num seven hundredth сḯcти vP I (сяд-у, еме) to sit down; get (on a bus etc.) cид-ḯти vI II (жу, име) to sit, be sitting; vP II по- to sit for a little while сил-а nf (ы; ы, #) strength силный adj strong синiй adj blue (dark) сын nm (a; ове, ів) son сын/ó/к nm (//к-á; ы, íв) son (dim) сыр nm (а; ы, ів) cheese

склеп nm (у; ы, ів) store, shop скóро adv almost; soon; quickly слáбый adj weak славяньскый Slavic adj слобóд-а nf (ы; ы, #) freedom слобóдный adj free Словá-к nm (кá; ци, кíв) Slovak (person) Словáкі-я nf (ї); Словéньск-о nn (a) Slovakia Словáч//к-а nf (ы; ы, /о/к#) Slovak (person) словáцькый, словéньскый adj Slovak слóвник nm (a; ы, ів) dictionary, glossary; vocabulary словникóвый adj lexical, vocabulary слóв-о nn (a; a, #) word слон nm (a; ы, ів) elephant слýж//б-а nf (ы; ы, /e/б#) service; С. Бóжа Church Service слýха-ти vI Ia (м, ме) to listen смак nm (y) taste смак-овáти vI I (ýє) to taste; най нам смакýє! bon appétit! (lit. may [it] taste good to us) смaчный adj tasty сміх nm (y) laughter смíшн-о, -ї adv humorously; it’s funny сміяти ся vI I (смí-ю, єме ся) to laugh смýтно adv sadly; it’s sad снïг nm (у) snow cночí adv last night собí refl pron for oneself (D) согла-сити vP II (шу, симе) to agree сокыр-a nf (ы; ы, #) axe сокыр//к-a nf (ы; ы, /о/к#) axe (dim) сокырча nn (-ти; -та, -т) axe (dim) солóдкый adj sweet солóм-a nf (ы) straw сóнц-е nn (я; я, ь) sun сосéн//к-a nf (ы; ы, /о/к#) pine tree (dim) спáн-я nn (я) sleep(ing)

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спáрно: see дýшно спáти vI II (сп-лю, имé, лять) to sleep співáн-я nn (я) singing спів-áти vI Ia (ам, áме) to sing спонýкн-ути vP I (у, еме) urge (on) спрáвный adj correct, proper, appropriate стáрый adj old стáрóст-а nm (ы; ове/ы, ів or #) elder (as in village e.) стáршый adj elder (as in e. brother) стат-я nf (ḯ; ḯ, éй) article (e.g., newspaper): see also члáнок ст[і]л nm (стóл-а; ы, ів) table стḯн-а nf (ы; ы, #) wall сто num one hundred стóлик nm (a; ы, ів) little table сторóч-а nn (a; a, #) century стоцятый num one hundredth сто-яти vI II (ю, ḯме) to stand, be standing; vP II по- to stand for a little while стрáв-a nf (ы; ы, #) dish (of food) стрá-тити vP II (чу, тиме) to lose, drop стрáш-ыти vI II (у, ыме) to frighten стрaшный adj terrible, awful стрḯл-ити vP II (ю, име) to shoot; стрḯл-яти vI Ia (ям, яме) стрḯ-тити ся vP II (чу, тиме) to meet up, get together; стрḯтити to run into стрык-о nm (а; ы, ів) uncle стрóм nm (а/у; ы, ів) tree стрóмик nm (а; ы, ів) little tree (dim) студeный adj cold студéно adv it is cold стýп/і/н-ь nm (//н-я; ï, ïв) degree (weather) сyбóт-а nf (ы) Saturday сýдц-я nm (ï; ï/ёве, ïв) judge сýк//ня nf (//нї; //нї, /е/нь) skirt сухый adj dry схыл nm (y; ы, ів) slope (of mountains)

сход-ити ся vP II (жу, име) to gather, get together сценíчный adj theatrical, stage сято: see свято Т т тадь part after all так adv so, thus, this way так вшелияк so-so, well, ok так нияк not so well такый pron such a, such a kind of тáкой adv immediately таліяньскый/таліáньскый adj Italian там adv there, to there/that place тамтóт adv that (one, over there vs. тóт this) тáт-о nm (a; a, ів) Dad; -ко (a; óве, íв) Daddy Тáт//ры npl (/e/p#) the Tatras (mountains) тáш//к-а nf (ы; ы, /о/к#) bag твар-ь nf (и; и, éй) face тверд-ити vI II (жу, име) to assert, claim твéрдый adj hard, firm (various senses) твій poss pron (твóє, твóя, твóї) your (sg) творител-ь nm (я) creator; the Creator твор-ити vI II (ю, име) to create твóрчост-ь nf (и) (creative) work, writing(s) телекомунікáці-я nf (ї; ї, й) telecommunications телефон-овáти vI I (ýю, ýєме) to call, telephone; vP I за- тел-я nn (яти; ята, ят#) calf тéмный adj dark тéніс nm (y) tennis тенісóвый adj pertaining to tennis тепéрь adv now

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теплáк-ы npl (#) sweatpants, jogging pants тéпл-ый adj warm; -o it is warm (adv) теплóт-а nf (ы) temperature (lit warmth) терáс-a nf (ы; ы, #) terrace (e.g., at a restaurant) терітóрі-я nf (ï; ï, й) territory тест-ь nm (я; ї, їв) father-in-law тéт-а nf (ы; ы, #) aunt течí vI I (течé, ýть) to flow (e.g., a river) тéщ-а nf (і; і, #) mother-in-law тещáн-я nf (ї; ї, ь) mother-in-law тíнеджерьскый adj for teenagers Тíс-а nf (ы) the river Tisza тíсяч num one thousand тісячрóч-а nn (a; a, #) millennium тíфус nm (y) typhus fever тḯл-о nn (a; a, #) body тїшит-и vI II (-ь 3sg) to please: тїшить ня pleased to meet you (lit it pleases me) тих-ый adj quiet; -o adv quietly, it’s quiet ты pers pron you (sg) тыж part also, too тыжд/е/н-ь nm (//н-я; ï, ïв) week тогды/тоды adv then, at that time тот, тотá, тотó dem pron this традíчный adj traditional трамвá-й nm (я; ï, ïв) streetcar, tram трéба (it is) necessary, (one) must, ought (+D) тренíр//кы npl (//ок) shorts, boxer shorts трéтïй num third трíч//к-о nn (а; а, /о/к) T-shirt, undershirt три num three тридцятый num thirtieth тридцять num thirty тринáдцятый num thirteenth тринáдцять num thirteen тристо num three hundred

тристоцятый num three hundredth трóє, трóï coll num group of three (L13) тролейбýс nm (y; ы, iв) trolley(bus) ту adv here, to here турíзм nm (a) tourism; hiking тяжкый adj heavy, difficult; -o adv it is hard У у у prep (+G) at, near, by, in the vicinity of убити vP I (убю , убємé) to kill (see забити) увóдне = вóдни yвíдïти (P of вíдïти above); yвíдïти ся to see each other уж part already укaзáти vP I (укáж-у, еме) to show; vI I укáз-овати (yю, yєме) Украḯн-а nf (ы) Ukraine Украḯн/е/ц-ь nm (//ц-я; ï, ïв), Украḯн//к-а nf (ы; ы, /о/к#) Ukrainian (person) укpаḯньскый adj Ukrainian yкраш-áти vI Ia (ам, áме) to decorate ýліц-я nf (ï; ï, ь) street умéн-я nn (я) art умéрти vP I (умр-ý, емé) to die; умерáти vI Ia (умéр-aм, áме) ýмный adj intelligent універзíт-а nf (ы; ы, #) university упá-сти vP I (ду, деме) to fall усн-ýти vP I (ý, еме) to fall asleep ýст-а npl (#) or рот nm (a; ы, ів) mouth утïк-áти vI Ia (ам, áме) here: to run away; otherwise убігáти утрима-ти vP Ia (м, ме) to maintain ýхo: see вýхo ýчаст-ь nf (и) participation, taking part

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учéбник nm (a; ы, ів) textbook учéник nm (a; ы, ів) pupil учíн-я nn (я) learning, studying учíтел-ь nm (я; ï, їв) teacher (male) учíтел/ь/к-а nf (ы; ы, /ё/к#) teacher (female) уч-íти vI II (у, iме) to teach; vP II навчíти уч-íти ся vI II (у, iме) to learn, study учý-ти vP I (ю, єме) to hear; see чýти Ф ф фáйный adj fine (var. senses); -ï/o adv фамéлі-я/фамилí-я nf (ï; ï, й) family фáр//б-a nf (ы; ы, /e/б) color фéртал-ь nm (я; ï, ïв) quarter (in time expressions); also чéтверть фестівáл nm (y; ы, ів) festival фізíчный adj physical філм nm (y; ы, ів) film, movie фінансовáн-я nn (я) financing фонд nm (а/y; ы, ів) fund, stock фóтбал nm (y) soccer (football) фóт//к-а nf (ы; ы, /o/к#) photo(graph) фотоапарáт nm (а/у; ы, ів) camera францýзькый adj French фрыштик nm (а; ы, ів) breakfast фрыштик-овáти vI I (ýю, ýєме) to breakfast, have breakfast фунґ-овáти vI I (ýє) tо work, function фýнкці-я nf (ï; ï, й) function, role Х х хвíл-я nf (ï) weather (see: час) хвíл/ь/к-a nf (ы; ы, /ё/к#) (for) a (short) moment хв[і]ст nm (хвóст-а; ы, ів) tail хвóрый adj sick, ill хворóт-а nf (ы; ы, #) illness

хыж-a nf (ы; ы, #) house хырб/é/т nm (//т-á; ы, íв) [a person's] back хлїб nm (а; ы, ів) bread хлóп/е/ц-ь nm (//ц-я; ï, ïв) boy, guy хлóпчік nm (а; ы, ів) boy хмáр-a nf (ы; ы, #) cloud хмáрно adv overcast (=захмáрено) ход nm (a; ы, ів) першый х. first course (of a meal) ходити vI II (хóд-жу, име) to go (habitually) холóдно adv chilly, cool хóлод/о/к nm (//к-а) shade хосн-овáти vI I (ýю, ýєме) to use (a word) хотḯти vI I (хóч-у, еме) to want хоцьдé indef pron anywhere, wherever

хоцькотрый indef pron whichever хоцьхтó indef pron (хоцькóго) anyone, whoever хоцьштó indef pron (хоцьчóго) anything, whatever хоцьякый indef pron any, whatever kind of храм nm (y; ы, ів) church, temple Хрістóс nm (Хрíстa) Christ Хрістóс воскрéс! nm phrase Christ is risen! xто pron (когó) who хтось indef pron (когóсь) someone Ц ц цáлком adv completely, entirely цéнт/е/р nm (//p-а; ы, ів) center центімéт/е/р nm (//p-a; ы, ів) centimeter центpáлный adj central цéрьк/о/в nf (//в-и; и, ей) church ці part whether, if цібýл-я nf (ï; ï, ь) onion цілый (and цїлый) adj whole, entire ціл-овáти vI (ýю, ýєме) to kiss

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ціль nm (я; ï, ïв) goal цíм//р-а nf (ы; ы, /е/р#) room (in a house) цін-á (and цїн-á) nf (ы; цíны, цін#) price, cost цíнност-ь (and цїнност-ь) nf (и; и, ей) value, thing of value цíнный (and цїнный) adj valuable цл-о nn (а) customs control, customs duty цýк/е/р-ь nm (//рю) sugar Ч ч чаёпит-я nn (я) tea drinking ча-й nm (ю) tea час nm (ý; ы, ів) time; weather: недóбрый ч. bad weather часнóк nm (á/ý; also часкý) garlic часослóв-о nn (а; a, #) verb чáст-ый adj frequent; -o adv often, frequently част-ь nf (и; и, ей) part (of something) чау(те)! interj hi! bye! see you! ciao! чáшник nm (а; ы, ів) waiter; see also oфіціáнт чéка-ти vI Ia (м, ме) to wait; на + A: to wait for; vP Ia по- чел-ó nn (á; a, #) forehead червéный adj red чéрез prep (+A) across, through, by means of Чéск-о nn (a) Czech Republic чéськый adj Czech чéстный adj honorable, honest; -ї, -о honestly четвéро coll num group of four (L13) четвeртин-a nf (ы; ы, #) quarter (of something: quantity) четвéртый num fourth чéтверт-ь nf (и) quarter (in time expressions); also фéрталь четвéрь nm (G четверьгá) Thursday

Чех nm (а; ы, ів); Чéш//к-а nf (ы; ы, /о/к#) Czech (person) Чéхі-я nf (ї), also Чéх-ы npl (# в Чéхах/ на Чéхах) Czech Republic чíж//м-a nf (ы; ы, /е/м#) boot чій poss pron whose чíс//л-о nn (a; a, /e/л#) number; size (e.g., of shoes) чíсто adv purely чíтан//к-a or чітáн//к-a nf (ы; ы, /о/к#) collection of readings, a reader чітáн-я nn (я) reading (the act of) чітáтел-ь nm (я; ї, їв) a reader (person who reads) чíт-áти vI Ia (ам, áме) to read; vP Ia про- члáн/о/к nm (//к-у; ы, ів) article; see also статя чоловíк nm (a; pl: see людe) person, man чом adv why чóрный adj black чотири: see штири чудéсный adj wonderful чуджíй adj foreign, other, from somewhere else, not one's own чý-ти vI I (ю, єме) to hear; vP I по-/y- чý-ти ся vI I (ю, єме) to feel; vP I по- Ш ш шáлaт nm (a; ы, ів) salad, lettuce; also шaлáт-a nf (ы; ы, #) шáп//к-а nf (//к-ы; ы, /о/к#) cap шáт-ы npl (#) (woman's) dress шéстый num sixth шістнáдцятый num sixteenth шістнáдцять num sixteen шість num six шістьдесят num sixty шістьдесятый num sixtieth шíстьсто num six hundred шiстьстоцятый num six hundredth

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шырóкый adj wide, broad шы-я nf (ï; ï, й) neck шкóла nf (ы; ы, #) school шкóлник nm (a; ы, ів) pupil (male), schoolboy шкóлніч//ка nf (//к-ы; ы, /o/к#) schoolgirl шкóльскый adj school, academic (year) Шкот nm (a; ы, ів) Scotsman, Scot; Шкóт//к-a nf (ы; ы, /о/к#) Scotswoman шкóтьскый adj Scottish Шкóтьско nn (a) Scotland шóвґ/о/р nm (//р-a; ове, ів) brother-in-law шовґрын-я nf (ï; ï, ь) sister-in-law шóвдр-а nf (ы) ham (also шýнка) Шотлáнд/е/ць nm (//ц-я; ï, ïв) Scotsman, Scot; Шотлáнд//к-a nf (ы; ы, /о/к#) Scotswoman Шотлáнді-я nf (ї) Scotland шотлáндьскый adj Scottish шофер-овáти vI I ( ýю, ýєме) to drive, be the driver шпéнат nm (a) spinach шпеціалíст nm (а; ы, ів) specialist шпеціфíчный adj specific шпытáл-ь nm (я; ï, ïв) hospital шпорт nm (у; ы, ів) sport(s) шпорт-овáти vI I (ýю, ýєме) to do, be involved in sports шпортóвый adj sports штадіóн nm (a, ы, ів) stadium штири num four штиридцятый num fortieth штиридцять num forty штиристо num four hundred штиристоцятый num four hundredth штирнáдцятый num fourteenth штирнáдцять num fourteen што pron (interrog and rel; чогó) what; that штонай- adv prefix ‘as X-ly as possible’; see 12.3.

штось indef pron (чогóсь) something штримф//л-я nf (ï; ï, /е/ль) sock, stocking штудéнт nm (a; ы, ів) student (male) штудéнт//к-а nf (ы; ы, /o/к#) student (female) шýмнo adv good (re the weather); шýмна хвíля good weather шýнк-а nf (ы) ham; see also шóвдра Щ щ щáстный adj happy, fortunate щáст-я nn (я) happiness щíро adv generously, warmly Ю ю юг nm (y) south юговыход nm (y) southeast; -ный southeastern югозáпад nm (y) southwest; -ный southwestern Я я я pron I ябк-о nn (a; a, яблок) apple; also яблуко яв nm (у; ы, ів) phenomenon яв-ити ся vP II (лю, име, лять) to appear; явл-яти ся vI Ia (ям, яме) язык nm (á; ы, íв) tongue; language яйц-e nn (я; я, яєць) egg як adv as, how, than якый pron (rel and interrog) which якыйсь indef pron some kind of якнáй- prefix ‘as X as possible’; see 12.2. ярник nm (a; ы, ів) overcoat яр-ь nf (и) spring; нáярь, на ярь, в яри in the spring ясн-ый adj clear; -o/ï adv clearly, it is clear

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3. English-Rusyn A abdomen бріх nm (a; ы, ів) able: to be able, see can about o prep (+L); spatially: see along, around above над prep (+I) across чéрез prep (+A) activity актівíт-а nf (ы; ы, #) add (to) дода-вáти vI I (ю, ємé), + до +G; vP Irreg додaти: see дaти admirer сiмпатізáнт nm (a; ы, ів) advise рáд-ити vI II (жу, име) +D after по prep (+L) after all тадь part afternoon (also in the a.) пообíдï adv, попóлïдне (also пополýдне) adv again знóва adv, зась adv against прóтïв, прóти(в) prep (+G) ago дозáду adv; see also long agree согла-сити vP II (шу, симе) ah! aha! (I see!) агá interj airplane ероплáн nm (a; ы, ів); also летáд//л-о nn (a; a, /е/л#) all (everything) вшытко, (everyone) вшыткы allow довол-ити vP II (ю, име) allow пустити vP II (пý-щу, стиме) also to let go; пущ-áти vI Ia (ам, áме) almost скóро adv along (in to take along, with oneself) із собóв phrase; I of себе self; spatially по prep (+L) aloud нагóлос adv alphabet áзбук-a nf (ы; ы, #) already уж part also тыж part always все adv amateur любител-ь nm (я; ï, ïв) America Америка nf (ы) American adj америцькый; (person) Америкáн nm (а; е, ів), Америчáн nm

(a; е, #/ів); Америкáн//к-а nf (ы; ы, /о/к#), Америчáн//к-а nf (ы; ы, /о/к#) among сéред prep (+G); in the middle/midst of; see also between ancestor прéд/о/к nm (//к-a; ы/óве, ів) and і conj (pure addition); a (but, as opposed to); ай (and also) angel áнгел nm (a; ы, ів); angelic –ьскый adj anger гнïв nm (у) ankle пят-a nf (ы; ы, #); sometimes пятá anniversary рóчник nm (a; ы, ів) answer одповід-áти vI Ia (ам, áме), oдпов-íсти vP irreg (íм, íш, íсть, імé, істé, ідять; past íв, íла) +D any (whatever kind of) хоцьякый indef pron anyone хоцьхтó indef pron (хоцькóго); whoever anything хоцьштó indef pron (хоцьчóго); whatever anywhere хоцьдé indef pron; wherever apart from мíмо, óкрем prep (+G) aperitif аперітíв nm (a; ы, ів) appear яв-ити ся vP II (лю, име, лять); явл-яти ся vI Ia (ям, яме); зъяв-ити ся vP II (лю, име, лять); вызер-áти vI Ia (ам, áме) to look, appear (as in: how does it/do I look?); выступ-ити vP II (лю, име, лять) to perform, appear (on stage) appetizer передъḯд//л-о nn (a; a, /e/л#) apple ябк-о nn (a; a, яблок); also яблуко architect архітéкт(ор) nm (a; ы, ів) ardent запалéный adj arm рýк-a nf (ы; ы, #); also hand around: see near; spatially: по prep (+D) arrive приход-ити vI II (жу, име); vP I прий-ти (ду, деме); настá-ти vP I (ну, неме) to come, arrive (about seasons)

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art умéн-я nn (я) article (e.g., newspaper) члáн/о/к nm (//к-у; ы, ів); also стат-я nf (ḯ; ḯ, éй) as: see how ask про-сити vI II (шу, симе) [for something]; про-сити ся vI II (шу, симе) to ask [a question] assert тверд-ити vI II (жу, име) assistant (male) помíчник nm (a; ы, ів); (female) помíчніц-я nf (ï; ï, ь); also oбхóдніч//к-а nf (ы; ы, /о/к#), specifically shop/sales assistant (female) at: see on, near aunt тéт-а nf (ы; ы, #) autumn: see fall awakener будител-ь nm (я; ï, ïв) away (motion from a place) гет adv: ідь гет! Go away! (from here); see also far awful: see terrible axe сокыр-а nf (ы; ы, #); dim сокыр//к-a nf (ы; ы, /о/к#) and сокырча nn (-ти; -та, -т) B baby дїтвáк nm (á) back (оf a person) хырб/é/т nm (//т-á; ы, íв) bad злый adj; плáный adj; of weather: нешýмно adv; badly зле adv bag тáш//к-а nf (ы; ы, /о/к#); міх nm (a; ы, ів) banana банáн nm (a; ы, ів) band (musical) капéл-a nf (ы; ы, #) bank (finance) бáн//к-а nf (ы; ы, /o/к#); b. of a river: бéрег nm (a; ы, ів) banker банкáр-ь nm (я; ḯ, ḯв) barn кýч-а nf (i; i, #) basket кошáрик nm (a; ы, ів) basketball баскетбáл nm (y) be быти vI Irreg (pres єм, єсь, є, сьме, сьте, суть; fut бýд-у, еме)

be called (named) зв-áти ся vI I (ý, емé) : зву ся X: my name is X; vP I по- be occupied/busy with заним-áти ся vI Ia (ам, áме) (+I) bear медвíд-ь nm (я; ї, їв) beard бóрод-а nf (ы; ы, #) beautiful крáсный adj because прóтоже, бо conj become overcast захмáрит-и ся vP II (ь, 3sg) beer пив-о nn (a) before до prep (+G), also until; spatially: see front begin зачати vP I (зáчн-у, еме), зачін-áти vI Ia (ам, áме) trans; + ся intrans beginning зачáт/о/к nm (//к-у; ы, ів) behind за prep (+I) belly бріх nm (a; ы, ів) besides óкрем prep (+G) best найлḯпш-ый superl adj; -e adv better лḯпшый comp adj; -e adv between (location) мíджі prep (+I); (+A) motion in between/among (two or more things) beyond: see behind big великый adj; bigger вéкшый, бíвшый bill рахýн/о/к nm (//к-a; ы, ів) biography біоґрáфі-я nf (ï; ï, й) birch (tree) берéз-a nf (ы; ы, #) birthday народенин-ы npl (#) bit: see little black чóрный adj blazer: see sportscoat block of wood кобíч//кa nf (ы; ы, /о/к#) blouse блýз-а nf (ы; ы, #), блýз//к-а nf (ы; ы, /o/к#) blow дý-ти vI I (ю, єме) blue белáвый adj; синiй dark blue body тḯл-о nn (a; a, #) boiled варéный ppp (< варити) book книг-а nf (ы; ы, #); книж//к-а nf (ы; ы, /о/к#)

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boot чíж//м-a nf (ы; ы, /е/м#) born (be born) рóд-ити ся vI I (жу, име), vP II на- boss: see proprietor both (L13) обидва, oбидві num boy (small boy) хлóпчік nm (а; ы, ів) ; (guy) хлóп/е/ц-ь nm (//ц-я; ï, ïв) bread хлїб nm (а; ы, ів); sweet Easter bread: пáс//к-а nf (ы; ы, /o/к#) breakfast фрыштик nm (а; ы, ів); to have b.: фрыштик-овáти vI (ýю, ýєме) breast: see chest breathe дыха-ти vI Ia (м, ме) bring (convey someone or something by vehicle) при-возити vI II (вó-жу, зиме); vP I привéз-ти (у, еме); (carry someone or something on foot) при-нoсити vI II (нó-шу, симе); принéс-ти vP I (у, еме); (to bring/lead someone on foot) при-водити vI II (вóд-жу, име), vP I привé-сти (ду, деме) Britain Брітáні-я nf (ï) British брітáньскый adj Briton, British person Бріт nm (a; ы, ів), Брíт//к-а nf (ы; ы, /o/к#) broad: see wide brother брaт nm (a; óве, ів); also collective Npl брáтя; dim брáтик nm (a; ы, ів) brother-in-law шóвґ/о/р nm (//р-a; ове, ів) build буд-овáти vI I (ýю, ýєме) building будин/о/к nm (//к-а; ы, ів); also будóва bus aвтобýс nm (a; ы, ів) but áле conj butter мáсл-о nn (a) buttocks: see rear end buy куп-овáти vI I (ýю, ýєме); vP II купити (кýп-лю, име, лять), also накупити by: see near; (take someone) by (the arm, e.g.) за (+A); see also Instrumental Case, L 7

bye! май ся! мáйте ся! (sg and pl/polite, resp.); збóгом! чáу(те)! C cabbage капýст-а nf (ы) calendar календáр-ь nm (я; ḯ, ḯв) calf тел-я nn (яти; ята, ят#) call (give a name to) назв-áти vP I (у, еме); vI Ia назыв-áти (ам, áме); also кли-кати vI I (чу, чеме), be called звáти ся vI I (X ся зве) call (telephone) телефон-овáти vI I (ýю, ýєме), дзвон-ити vI II (ю, име) camera фотоапарáт nm (а/у; ы, ів) can мочí vI I (мóж-у, еме; past міг, могли); vP I змочí; one can мож adv Canada Канáд-а nf (ы) Canadian (person) Канадян nm (a; е, #/ів); Канадян//к-а nf (ы; ы, /о/к#) Canadian канáдьскый adj cap (soft hat) шáп//к-а nf (ы; ы, /о/к#) capable гóдный adj capitalist капіталíст-а nm (ы; ы, ів) car áвто nn (a; a, #) care: take care май ся! мáйте ся! caroler віфлеєм/e/ць nm (//ц-я; ï, ïв) caroling колядовáн-я nn (я) Carpathians Карпáт-ы npl (#) Carpatho-Rusyn Карпаторусин nm (a; ы, ів) carrot мóрк/о/в nf (//ви) carry (on foot) нéс-ти vI I (у, еме; past нïс, нéсла), но-сити vI II (шу, симе); vP I понéс-ти; see also bring carry into внéс-ти vP I (y, еме), vI II вносити (шу, симе) carry/take away (on foot) односити vI II (однó-шу, симе) (L14); vP I однéс-ти (y, еме) case (grammatical) пад nm (у; ы, ів) cat мáч//к-а nf (ы; ы, /о/к#)

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catch cold просты-ти vP I (ну, неме); also захолодити ся celebrate святк-овáти vI I (ýю, ýєме) center цéнт/е/р nm (//p-а; ы, ів) centimeter центімéт/е/р nm (//p-a; ы, ів ) central центpáлный adj century сторóч-а nn (a; a, #) chair(man) предсїдáтел-ь nm (я; ï, ïв) changing (fitting) room кабíн-a nf (ы; ы, #) chase нагaн-яти vI I (ям, яме) check (in a restaurant): see bill check-up (at the doctor's) контрóл-я nf (ï; ï, ь) cheek лицé nn (я; лиц-я, ь) cheers! на здрáвя cheese сыр nm (а; ы, ів) chest грýд-ь nf (и; и, éй) also breast(s) child дïтин-а nf (Gsg ы), also дïт-я nn (яти); pl дḯт-и npl (éй); small child дїтвáк nm (á) chilly: see cool choose выбер-áти vI Ia (aм, áме); vP I выб//рати (выбер-у, еме) chop (begin to) заруб-áти vP (ам, áме) Christ Хрістóс nm (Хрíстa); X. воскрéс! Christ is risen! Christmas Ріств-ó nn (á) Christmas; also Рождеств-ó (-á) Christmas Eve Святый вéчур adj, nm church цéрьк/о/в nf (//в-и; и, ей); храм nm (y; ы, ів) cinema кíн-o nn (a; a, #) city мíст-о nn (a; a, #) claim: see assert clear ясн-ый adj; -o/ï adv clearly, it is clear close (near) близко adv, недалéко adv close (shut): see lock

cloud хмáр-a nf (ы; ы, #) cloudy захмáрено adv clump: see lump coat ґéрок nm (a; ы, ів); зимýшнїй: winter coat; ярник nm (a; ы, ів): overcoat codified кодіфіковáный adj cold студeный adj; it is c.: студéно adv; catch c.: просты-ти vP I (ну, неме); to get colder: похолоднḯ-ти vP I (є) cold (a runny nose) нáдх-a nf (ы), нéжыть nf (и) cold (very) зимá adv and nf (note: зима winter) collect збер-áти vI Ia (ам, áме); vP I зоб//рáти (зобéр-у, еме); наб//рáти vP I (набéр-у, еме); набер-áти vI Iа (ам, áме) color фáр//б-a nf (ы; ы, /e/б) come: see arrive; come here: гев competition змагáн-я nn (я; я, ь), кóнкурз nm (у; ы, ів) completely цáлком adv concerning о (+L) prep concrete (not abstract) конкрéтный adj conditional (gram.) кондіціонáл nm (a/у; ы, ів) contest: see competition continue продóвж-oвати vI I (ую, уєме) converse: see talk convey: see bring; take cool холóдно adv correct спрáвный adj cosmonaut козмонáвт nm (a; ы, ів) cough кáшл-ати/кáшл-яти vI Ia (ам/ям, аме/яме) country (a country) краḯн-a nf (ы; ы, #) couple: see pair course (of a meal) ход nm (a; ы, ів) першый х.: first c. cousin братрáн/е/ць nm (//ця; //цї, //цїв); сестренíц-я nf (і; і, ь)

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cow корóв-а nf (ы; ы, #) crab (мóрьскый) рак nm (a; y, ів) crawfish, crayfish рак nm (a; y, ів) create твор-ити vI II (ю, име) creative work (writing(s)) твóрчост-ь nf (и) creator творител-ь nm (я); also used for ‘the Creator’ credit (merit) заслýг-а nf (ы; ы, #) criterion крітéрі-й nm (я; ї, їв) cross (go across) переход-ити vI II (жу, име), vP I перéй-ти (ду, деме) cruel: see severe cultural култýрный adj culture култýр-a nf (ы; ы, #) cultured култýрный adj custom обычá-й nm (я; ï, ïв) customs (c. duty, c. control) цл-о nn (а), мыто nn (а) cut рḯзати vI I (pḯж-у, eме); cut off одрḯзати vP I (одрḯж-у, еме) Czech чéськый adj Czech (person) Чех nm (а; ы, ів); Чéш//к-а nf (ы; ы, /о/к#) Czech Republic Чéск-о nn (a), Чéхі-я nf (ї), also Чéх-ы npl (#, в Чéхах/ на Чéхах) D dad нян-ё nm (я; ёве, ів), тáт-о nm (a; a, ів); Daddy няньк-о nm (a; óве, íв), тáтк-о nm (a; óве, íв) daily каждодéннo adv dark тéмный adj daughter дḯв//к-а nf (ы; ы, /о/к#); дóч//к-а nf (ы; ы, /о/к#), dim dawn (just before the d.): надрáном adv day д/е/нь nm (//н-я; ï, ïв); during the d. вóдни (вóдне/увóдне) adv; d. after tomorrow позáвтра adv; d. before yesterday позавчéра adv

dear (in address: d. John!) дорогый adj decade десятьрóч-а nn (a; a, #) declare (oneself as...) пригол-осити ся vP II (óшу, óсиме) (ку + D) decorate yкраш-áти vI Ia (ам, áме) deep глубóкый adj deer óлін-ь nm (я; ï, ïв) degree (weather) стýп/і/нь nm (//н-я; ï, ïв); also ґрáдус nm (а/у; ы, ів) dessert дéзéрт nm (y) development розвит/о/к nm (//к-у; ы, ів) dictionary слóвник nm (a; ы, ів) die умéрти vP I (умр-ý, емé); умер-áти vI Ia (aм, áме) difference одлишност-ь nf (и; и, ей) different íншый adj difficult тяжк-ый adj, also heavy; -o adv it is difficult, hard dilemma ділéм-а nf (ы; ы, #) dinner (evening meal) вечéр-я nf (ï; ï, ь); to have d.: вечéря-ти vI Ia (м, ме) directly: see straight disentangle oneself одтóргн-ути ся vP I (у, eме), од (+ G) from dish (of food) стрáв-a nf (ы; ы, #); side d.: прилог-a nf (ы; ы, #) distant далéк-ый adj; see far district óкрес nm (y; ы, ів); see oblast’ do роб-ити vI II (лю, име, лять), vP II зробити; also заним-áти ся vI Ia (ам, áме) do as an activity (+ I); see also work, make doctor дóктор nm (а; ы, ів) dog п/е/с nm (пса; псы, псів) donkey ос/é/л nm (//á; //ы, //íв) door двéр-ï npl (Gpl ей) dress (woman's) шáт-ы npl (#) dressy святóчный adj dried (as in fruit, leaves) высушеный (< высушыти) ppp

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drill (out a hole in smth) вывер-тïти vP II (чу, тиме) drink пити vI I (пю, пємé, var пию, пиєме); vP I вы-пити (пю, пємe) drive, be the driver шофер-овáти vI I (ýю, ýєме) drop in/by заход-ити vI II (жу, име); vP I зайти (зáйд-у, еме) dry сухый adj dull глýпый adj E each кáждый pron ear вýх-о (а; a, #), also: ýх-о early рáно adv; really early рáно-ранéнько earth: see land east выход nm (y) Easter Пáсх-а nf (ы); E. Sunday Велик-день nm (G -одня); pertaining to Easter: великóдный adj Easter egg (painted) крашáн//к-a nf (ы; ы, /о/к#) easy лéгкый adj eat ḯсти vI Irreg (їм, їш, їсть, їмé, їстé, їдять); поḯсти vP Irreg (like ḯсти); поïд-áти vI Ia (ам, áме) to have a bite to eat edge кра-й nm (ю; ḯ, ḯв) egg яйц-e nn (я; я, яєць); egg curd cheese грýдка з яєць eight вíсем num eighteen вісемнáдцять num eighteenth вісемнáдцятый num eighth вóсьмый (also óсьмый) num eight hundred вíсемсто num eight hundredth вíсемстоцятый num eightieth вісемдесятый num eighty вісемдесят num elbow лóк/о/ть nm (//т-я; ï, ïв) elder (as in e. brother) стáршый adj; (as in village e.) стáрóст-а nm (ы; ове/ы, ів/#) elephant слон nm (a; ы, ів)

eleven єденáдцять num eleventh єденáдцятый num emphasize: see underline end кінч-áти vI Ia (aм, áме), vP II кíнч-іти (y, іме) end(ing) к[ó]н/е/ць nm (кíнц-я; ï, ïв) England Анґлíцьк-о nn (a), Áнґлі-я nf (ï) English анґлíцькый adj (see L 12) Englishman Анґлічáн nm (a; е, #/ів); Englishwoman Анґлічáн//к-а nf (ы; ы, /о/к#) enough дость adv enrich обогáч-овати vI I (ую, уєме) enter вход-ити vI II (жу, име); vP I войти (вóйд-у, eме) entire: see whole entirely цáлком adv establish: see found euphemism евфемíзм nm (a; ы, ів) Europe Еврóп-а nf (ы) eve (the evening before) предвéчер adv even: in comparative constructions: іщí ліпшый/ліпше (adj and adv) even better evening вéч-ур (var вéч-oр) nm (éр-а; ы, ів); also in the e. (adv): вéчур, вечýркы adv (coll, folksy); звéчера adv; towards evening: ку вéчеру adv event: see instance; see activity ever hardly ever: малоколи adv; not ever: see never every кáждый pron everyone вшыткы everything вшытко evil: see bad exam(ination) екзáмен nm (a; ы, ів) example: for example наприклад adv excellent прекрáсный adj exchange: in exchange for за (+A) excuse: Excuse me! перебáч(те)! exist екзіст-овáти vI I (ýю, ýєме) exit (go out) выход-ити vI II (жу, име); vP I выйти (выйд-у, eме); выход nm (y; ы, ів) expel высел-ити vP II (ю, име)

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expensive дорогый adj explain выясн-ити vP II (ю, име) express oneself (as...) пригол-осити ся vP II (óшу, óсиме) (ку + D) eye óк-о nn (a; óчі, очéй) eyebrows павучá-йкы npl (ëк), брóвы npl F face твар-ь nf (и; и, éй) fall упá-сти vP I (ду, деме); пáда-ти vI Ia (м, ме); can also mean to rain used on its own in the 3sg: пáдать fall (autumn) óс-ïнь nf (ени); in the f.: восéни adv fall asleep уснý-ти vP I (уснý, еме) family фамéлі-я/фамилí-я nf (ï; ï, й); also родин-á nf (ы; ы, #) fan любител-ь nm (я; ï, ïв) far далéк-ый adj; -o adv far (away) fasten заглоб-ити vP (лю, име, лять); also make fast father от/é/ц-ь nm (//ц-я; ḯ, ḯв) father-in-law тест-ь nm (я; ї, їв) favorite облюб(л)éный adj fear бо-яти ся vI II (ю, ïмé ся) (+G); vP II по- feel чý-ти ся vI I (ю, єме); vP I по- feminine жéньскый adj fervent запалéный adj festival фестівáл nm (y; ы, ів) festive святóчный adj fever горячк-а nf (ы) few мáлo adv (+G) field пóл-е nn (я; я, ь) fifteen пятнáдцять num fifteenth пятнáдцятый num fifth пятый num fiftieth пятьдесятый num fifty пятьдесят num fight во-ёвáти vI I (юю, юєме); to f. for: за (+ A) fill повн-ити vI II (ю, име) film філм nm (y; ы, ів)

final конéчный adj; see last finally накóнець adv, конéчнї adv financing фінансовáн-я nn (я) find наход-ити vI II (жу, име); vP I найти (нáйд-у, еме) find out дізна-вáти ся vI I (ю, ємé); vP Ia дізн-áти ся (ам, áме) fine фáйн-ый adj -ï/o adv; var. senses, but see also дóбрї finger пáл/е/ць nm (//ц-я; ï, ïв); великый п.: thumb fingernail нóх/о/ть nm (//т-я; ï, ïв) finish: see end fire ог/é/нь nm (//н-я; ḯ, ḯв) fireworks огнёстрó-й nm (я) firm твéрдый adj first пéршый num firstly, first пéрше adv fish рыб-а nf (ы; ы, #) fisherman рыбáр-ь nm (я; ḯ, ḯв) five пять num five hundred пятьсто num five hundredth пятьстоцятый num flame: see fire float: see swim flour мук-á nf (ы) flow (e.g., a river) течí vI I (теч-é, ýть); flow out вытїк-áти vI Ia (ам, áме) flower квіт nm (у; ы, ів) flower pot квíтник nm (у; ы, ів) fly летḯти vI II (ле-чý, тимé) L14; лïт-áти vI Ia (ам, áме); vP II полетḯти to set off by air follow (logically) from вытїк-áти vI Ia (ам, áме) follow-up (at the doctor’s) контрóл-я nf (ï; ï, ь) foot нóг-a nf (ы; ы, #); also leg; on foot: пíшкы adv, пíшо adv football (soccer) фóтбал (у); American f. америцькый ф. footwear óбув nf (ы) for бо conj; also because, since; for (recipient, benefit of) про prep (+A); in exchange for за prep (+A)

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forefather: see ancestor forehead чел-ó nn (á; a, #) foreign чуджíй adj (other, from somewhere else, not one's own) forest лḯс nm (a; ы, iв) forget забыв-áти vI Ia (ам, áме); забыти vP I (забýд-у, еме) forgive про-стити vP II (прó-щу, стиме); прощ-áти vI Ia (ам, áме) fortieth штиридцятый num forty штиридцять num found (to establish) осн-овáти vI I (ýю, ýєме) four штири num four (a group of) четвéро coll num (L13) four hundred штиристо num four hundredth штиристоцятый num fourteen штирнáдцять num fourteenth штирнáдцятый num fourth четвéртый num fox лиш//к-а nf (ы; ы, /о/к#) free слобóдный adj; for free задáрьмо adv freedom слобóд-а nf (ы; ы, #) freeze морозити vI II (морó-жу, зиме), vP II зморозити; vP I замéрзн-ути (у, еме) French францýзькый adj frequent чáст-ый adj; -o adv often, frequently fresh свíжый adj Friday пятніц-я nf (ï) friend (female) камарáт//к-а nf (ы; ы, /o/к#); (male) камарáт (а; ы, ів); also приятел-ь nm (я; ï, ïв), приятел/ь/к-a nf (ы; ы, /ё/к#) frighten стрáш-ыти vI II (у, ыме) frog жáб-а nf (ы; ы, #) from од prep (+G); from here, from this place: выдты adv; from there, from that place: выдтам adv; from where: выдкы (=óдкы) adv; from somewhere: выдкысь adv from (out of, off of) з (зо) prep (+G)

front (in f. of ) пéред prep (+I) frost мóрoз nm (у; ы, ів) fulfil: see fill full пóвный adj function фýнкці-я nf (ï; ï, й) function (be functioning) фунґ-овáти vI I (ýє) fund фонд nm (а/y; ы, ів) funny: it's funny смíшн-о, -ї adv fur coat кожýх nm (á; ы, íв) further дáлшый adj G gallery ґалéрі-я nf (ї; ï, й) garden зáгород-a nf (ы; ы, #); сад nm (y; ы, ів) garlic часнóк nm (á/ý; also часкý) gas (natural) ґаз nm (a) gather (get, come together) сход-ити ся vP II (жу, име), vP I зый-ти ся (ду, деме); see аlso collect gender (gram.) род nm (а/y; ы, ів) generously щíро adv genius ґéні-й nm (я; ї, їв) gentlemen's пáньскый adj get: see receive get together: see meet up get used to привыкн-ути vP I (у, eме) gift: see present girl дḯв//к-а nf (ы; ы, /о/к#), also дḯвча nn (-ти; -та, -т#); little g.: дḯвоч//к-а nf (ы; ы, /о/к#) give да-вáти vI I/Ia (ю, ємé; var дáв-ам, áме); дaти vP Irreg (дам, даш, дасть, дамé, датé/дастé, дадýть) give back: see return glossary: see dictionary go (be going) іти vI I (ід-ý, -емé; past (i)шóв (i)шлá); habitually ход-ити vI II (жу, име); go, set/head off to: піти vP I (пíд-у, еме); imperative подь! пóдьме! go away: see leave

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go back: see return go in, go out: see enter, exit go through проход-ити vI II (жу, име); also go along; vP I прóй-ти (ду, деме) goal ґол nm (a/y) in sports, e.g., soccer; (one's aim) ціль nm (я; ï, ïв) goalie, goalkeeper воротáр-ь nm (я; ḯ, ḯв) God Бог nm (a; V Бóже!) God/who knows (who, what) богзна(є)тьхтó, богзна(є)тьштó good (various senses) дóбрый adj; good! Ok! дóбрï! (re the weather) шýмнo adv; шýмна хвíля good weather goodbye! досвідáня! goose гýс//к-а nf (ы; ы, /o/к#) gosling гýся nn (-ти; та, т#) grab захóп-ити ся vP II (лю, име, лять) gracious ласкáвый adj grade (mark) оцḯн//к-a nf (ы; ы, /o/к#) granddaughter внýч//к-а nf (ы; ы, /о/к#) grandfather дḯд-о nm (a; ове, ів) grandmother бáб-а nf (ы; ы, #) grandson внук nm (а; ы/внýци, внýків) (diminutive forms, see 4.6) grateful вдячный adj; gratefully -о (-ï) adv gratis задáрьмо adv gratitude благодáтност-ь nf (-и; за + A) Great Britain Велик-a Брітáні-я nf phrase (ой ï) green зелéный adj; turn green (e.g., plants) зеленḯ-ти vI I (є, ють) grilled ґріловáный ppp group ґрýп-а nf (ы; ы, #); musical: see band grow рост-и vI I (ý, емé) growth розвит/о/к nm (//к-у; ы, ів) guest гост-ь nm (я; ï, ïв)

guy хлóп/е/ц-ь nm (//ц-я; ï, ïв) gymnastic ґімнастíчный adj H hail град nm (у); also кáмен/е/ц-ь (//ця) hair (as a collective; in general) волóс-я nn (я); (one hair) вóлос nm (a; a, ïв) half пів num (= половина) ham шýнк-а nf (ы); also шóвдр-а nf (ы) hand: see arm happen одбыв-áти ся vI Ia (ать, áють) happiness щáст-я nn (я) happy весéлый adj; (fortunate) щáстный adj; more happily: рáдше adv happy (to be h.) рáд-овати ся vI I (ую, уєме) hard (physically; firm) твéрдый adj; see difficult hardly: see ever hat кáлап nm (a; ы, ів) have мá-ти vI I/Ia (ю, єме; var м, ме); have to: see must hazelnut лïскóвый adj (with орḯх nut) he він pron; also it (masc) head гóлов-а nf (ы; ы, #) head off to: see go healing лïчíвый adj health здорóв(л)-я, здрáв-я nn (я) healthy здорóвый, здрáвый adj hear чý-ти vI I (ю, єме); vP I по-/y- (cf. to feel!) heart сéрд//ц-е nn (я; я, /е/ць or //ць) heel пят-a nf (ы; ы, #); sometimes пятá height выш//к-а nf (ы; ы, /о/#) help пóм[і]ч nf (пóмочі); по-мочí vP I (мóж-у, еме)

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her ïḯ poss pron (also єй); also its (fem) here (place and motion to) ту adv; (motion to only) гев adv: ідь гев! Come here! (Also: ідь ту!) From here: óдты, выдты hi! агóй(те)!, чáу(те)! high: see tall hiking турíзм nm (a) his ёгó poss pron; also its (masc and neut) historical історíчный adj hockey гóке-й nm (я) hold: be held, see happen hole (dim) дḯр//к-a nf (ы; ы, /о/к#) holiday свят-о nn (a; a, #); var сято holy святый adj home (at) дóмa adv; from h. здóму adv; to home, homewards дoмíв adv homeland отчíзн-a nf (ы) honest чéстный adj; honestly -ї, -о adv honorable: see honest horn р[i]г nm (рóг-а; ы, ів) horse к[і]нь nm (кон-я; ї, ïв/éй, Ipl кíнми/конями) hospital шпытáл-ь nm (я; ï, ïв) hot горячо adv hot (and humid) дýшно adv; also спáрно hotel готéл nm (a; ы, ів) hour годин-а nf (ы; ы, гóдин) house хыж-a nf (ы; ы, #); also: д[і]м nm (дóма; ы, ів); a large h.: домиск-о nm (a; a, #) how як adv how much/many? кíлько adv of quantity (+G) humid вóгко adv humorously смíшно adv hundred сто num hundredth стоцятый num Hungary Мадярск-о nn (a) hunger гóлод nm (а)

hungry голод-ный, short forms: éн, нá adj hurt, be painful болḯ-ти vI II: болить ня Х: X is hurting me I I я pron idea нáпад nm (y; ы, ів), ідé-я nf (ï; ï, й) if кідь (sometimes кедь) conj; in a conditional sense: кiбы (кoбы) conj, part (L13); (whether) ці conj, part ill хвóрый adj illness хворóт-а nf (ы; ы, #) immediately тáкой adv impossible немóжно adv, impers (it is i. for one: +D) in в (or у) prep (+L) in order to, in order that жéбы conj independence незалéжност-ь nf (и); I. Day (lit day of…): день -и independent незалéжный adj (of/from: од + G) introduce предстáв-ити vP II (лю, име, лять) Ireland Ірлáнді-я nf (ï), Íрьск-о nn (а) Irish ірлáндьскый adj; íрьскый adj Irishman Ip nm (a; ы, ів); Irishwoman Íp//к-а nf (ы; ы, /о/к#) instance припад nm (a; ы, ів), also occurrence, event: in the event of в припадï (+G) institute інштітýт nm (a; ы, ів) intelligent ýмный adj interesting інтерéсный adj invite приглá-сити vP II (шу, симе) is є: see be it вно pron (neut); var: онó Italian таліяньскый/таліáньскый adj Ivanko's Івáнк-iв poss adj (f ова)

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J joyful: see happy judge сýдц-я nm (ï; ï, ïв) K keep захов-áти vP Ia (ам, áме) key ключ nm (а; i, ів) kill забити vP I (забю , забємé), убити vP I (убю , убємé) kilo(gram) кíл-o nn (a; a, #) kind: what kind of якый pron, no kind of ниякый neg pron kind ласкáвый adj kiss ціл-овáти vI (ýю, ýєме); поцілýн/о/к nm (//к-a; ы, ів) knee колḯн-o nn (a; a, #) knickers: see underpants knife н[і]ж nm (нóж-a; ы, ів) know знá-ти vI I/Ia (м, мe or ю, єме) known (as) знáмый (як) adj L ladies' дáмскый adj lamp лáмп-а nf (ы; ы, #) land зéм//л-я nf (ï; ï, /е/ль), also earth landowner: see proprietor language язык nm (á; ы, íв); also бісḯд-а nf (ы; ы, #) large великый adj larger вéкшый, бíвшый comp last (in a series) послḯднïй adj; past: минýл-ый adj: l. year -ого рóку; past: p. tense -ый час; l. night: cночí adv late пíзный adj; -o adv; пíзно-препíзно adv really, really late laugh смі-яти ся vI I (ю, єме) laughter сміх nm (y) law прáв-о nn (a; a, #)

lead (someone on foot) вéсти vI I (вéд-у, еме; past вiв вeлá); вод-ити vI II (жу, име); vP I повéсти (see L 14); lead away одвод-ити vI II (жу, име) learn уч-íти ся vI II (у, iме); also study learning учíн-я nn (я) leave (depart) одход-ити vI II (жу, име); vP I одыйти (одыйд-у, еме) lecture лéкцi-я nf (ï; ï, й) left see leave left (vs. right) лḯвый adj leg нóг-a nf (ы; ы, #), also foot Lemko (land, sometimes contextually also the language) Лемковин-a nf (ы); лéмківськый adj lengthy: see long less мéншe adv (+ adj = comp) let (something happen) най (няй) part let go: see allow letter пис//м-о nn (a; a, /e/м#) letter (of the alphabet) бýкв-а nf (ы; ы, #) lettuce: see salad lexical словникóвый adj lexicon лéксік-а nf (ы) library бібліотéк-a nf (ы; ы, #) lie (untruth) л/о/ж nf (лжи) lie (be in a lying position) леж-áти vI II (ý, ымé); vP II по-: to lie down, be lying down (for a while) life жывот nm (a) light: see lamp light лéгкый adj; (in color) свíтлый adj lightning блискать vI Ia (3sg) (there is l.) like: see love; люб-ити ся vI II (лю, име, лять); mostly used in the 3rd persons (something is pleasing to you) likeable: see nice linden/lime tree лип-а nf (ы; ы, #); липóвый adj linden/lime line ряд/ó/к nm (д//к-á; ы, íв) lips вóрг-ы npl (#); also ґáмбы listen слýха-ти vI Ia (м, ме)

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little (small) малый adj; a little, a bit of: кус nm (a; ы, ів); also мáло (little, not much of) adv (+G) liturgy літýрґі-я nf (ï) live (in a particular place) быв-áти vI Ia (ам, áме); be living, be alive: жы-ти vI (ю, єме) load (of something) кýч-а nf (i; i, #) local мíстный adj lock зáм/о/к nm (//к-а; ы, ів) lock запер-áти vI Ia (ам, áме) long (of time) дóвг-ый adj (also lengthy); -o adv for a long time; l. ago: дáвно adv; дáвно-предáвнo adv a very long time (ago) look позер-áти vI Ia (ам, áме); also: watch, look at; vP Ia по- have a look at; look for гляда-ти vI Ia (м, ме); look (appear, seem, as in: how does it/do I look?) вызер-áти vI Ia (ам, áме); look like вкáз-овати ся vI I (ую, yєме) lose стрá-тити vP II (чу, тиме) lot(s) мнóго adv (a lot of: +G) love люб-ити vI II (лю, име, лять) lump (e.g., of food), also clump грýд//к-а nf (ы; ы, /o/к#) lunch óбід nm (a; ы, ів) lunch; also midday; eat lunch обід-овáти vI I (ýю, ýєме); vP I по- M main глáвн-ый adj; -о (-ï) adv mainly, primarily; also головный adj maintain захов-áти vP Ia (ам, áме), утрима-ти vP Ia (м, ме) major майóр nm (a; ы, ів) majority вéкшин-а nf (ы; ы, #) make роб-ити vI II (лю, име, лять), vP II зрoбити man: see person many, much много adv (+G) Maramoroš (of or from) марамóроськый adj mark: see grade

martyr мýченик nm (a; ы, ів) masculine мýжскый adj match (sports): see competition maternal: see motherly may: see can, let, allow maybe мóже adv/part mean знáч-іти vI (3sg іть, 3pl ать) meaning значíн-я or знáчін-я nn (я) measure помíря-ти vP Ia (м, ме) meat м(н)яс-о nn (a; a, #) meet (get together) зый-ти ся vP I (ду, деме), vI II сход-ити ся (жу, име); (run into) vP II cтрḯ-тити (чу, тиме); vI Ia стрїчáти; (meet up with) стрḯ-тити ся, стрїчáти ся meeting (mass) мíтінґ nm (а/у; ы, ів) melt роз-мeрзáти vI Ia (мéрзать 3sg) men's мýжскый adj menu меню nn indecl merit заслýг-а nf (ы; ы, #) meter (unit of length) мéт/е/р nm (//p-а; ы, ів); метрóвый adj (5-meter, etc.) methodical методíчный adj metro: see subway midday: see noon; óбід nm (a; ы, ів); ґу óбіду towards midday middle середин-а nf (ы; ы, #); серéднїй adj; in the midst of: сéред prep (+G) midnight пíвн-[i]ч nf (очі); at m.: oпíвночі, напíвночі adv milk молок-ó nn (á) millennium тісячрóч-а nn (a; a, #) minority меншын-а nf (ы; ы, #) minute минýт-а nf (ы; ы, минут) Miss пáн//н-а nf (ы; ы, /е/н#) mom мáм-а nf (ы; ы, #) moment (for a short m.) хвíл/ь/к-a nf (ы; ы, /ё/к#); мóмeнт nm (а/у; ы, ів) monarchist монархíст-а nm (ы; ы, ів) monastery монастыр-ь nm (я; ï, ïв) Monday понедḯл/ë/к nm (/ь/ка) money піняз-ï npl (ей); also грóш-ы (ей)

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month мíсяц-ь nm (я; ï, ïв) moon лун-á nf (ы); see also мíсяць more вéце adv (+ adj = comp); also бівш, бáрже, барзḯ morning рáно nn (a; a, #), ранéнько (dim.) nn; also adv (in the m.); see early; (in the) m./before noon: дополýдня adv; in/from the m.: зрáна adv mostly (most of all) найвéце adv mother мáт-и nf or мáт-[ï]рь nf, (ери; ери, ерéй for both base forms); see App Two, I mother-in-law тéщ-а nf (і; і, #), тещáн-я nf (ї; ї, ь) motherly материньскый adj motorcycle мотóр//ка nf (ы; ы, /о/к#) mountain гóр-a nf (ы; ы, #) mouse мыш nf (ы; ы, ей) mouth ýста npl (#) or рот nm (a; ы, ів) move out (trans) высел-ити vP II (ю, име) movie theater кíн-o nn (a; a, #) Mr. пан nm (a; ове, ів) Mrs. пáн-ï nf (ï; ï, ь); also Madam much, many много adv (+G) mushroom гриб nm (a; ы, ів) music мýзык-a nf (ы) musical музыкáлный adj must мý-сити vI II (шу, симе); трéба (impersonal +D); see also necessary mustache баюс-ы npl (#) my мій poss pron (мóє, мóя, мóї) N nail: see fingernail name (first, given) мéн-о nn (a; a, #); (term, title) нáзв-а nf (ы; ы, #); my name is: see call; see also звáти ся, назв-áти narration росповідáн-я nn (я)

nation: see people national (of the people) нaрóдный adj nationality нaрóдност-ь nf (и; и, ей) native рідный adj natural: see plain near кóлo prep (+G), у prep (+G); also at, by, in the vicinity of; see also close nearby: see close nearness близкост-ь nf (-и) necessary трéба adv, it is n. for someone: +D of person; потрíбный adj neck шы-я nf (ï; ï, й) necktie кравáт-a nf (ы; ы, #), also мáш//л-я nf (ï; ï, /e/ль) need потреб-овáти vI I (ýю, ýєме) neither ни part, áни part/conj neuter серéднїй adj never николи, нḯґда adv; almost n.: малоколи adv new нoвый adj nice (re a person) сiмпатíчный adj; nicely мило adv night н[і]ч nf (нóч-і; і, éй) night; NB: pronounced [nič], with a hard [n]; at night: вночí adv nine дéвять num nine hundred дéвятьсто num nine hundredth дeвятьстоцятый num nineteen девятнáдцять num nineteenth девятнáдцятый num ninetieth девятьдесятый num ninety девятьдесят num ninth девятый num no нï part (also possible: нє) nobody: see no-one no kind of ниякый neg pron nominative номінатíв nm (a/y) no-one нихто neg pron noon пíвд/е/нь nm (//ня) nor áни part/conj north сéвер nm (a) northeast северовыход nm (y); -ный northeastern

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northern сéверный adj northwest северозáпад nm (y); -ный northwestern nose н[і]с nm (нóс-a; ы, ів); see also runny nose not не part; not even: ни, áни part/conj note записáти vP I (запиш-y, емe) nothing ніч neg pron (NB: soft [n']); also ништо (rarer) now тепéрь adv; from now (on): одтепéрь adv; until/before now: дoтепéрь adv nowhere ниґдé adv, also to nowhere; from nowhere: нивыдкы, ниóдкы adv number чíс//л-о nn (a; a, /e/л#) nut орḯх nm (а; ы, ів) O oblast’ (district) óбласт-ь nf (и; и, ей) occurrence: see instance of course сáмо собóв, самособóв adv offer понук-áти vI Ia (ам, áме); понýкн-ути vP I (у, eме) often: see frequent oh! aй! interj OK: see good old стáрый adj on на prep (+L); (+A) to, onto (motion) once раз adv one єдéн num oneself сeбé refl pron (A); собí for oneself (D) only лем conj onion цібýл-я nf (ï; ï, ь) open одкpыв-áти vI Ia (ам, áме); vP I одкры-ти (ю, єме); одкрытый adj or áбо conj order поряд/o/к nm (//к-у; ы, ів); [вшытко є] в порядку [everything is] in order, OK; (in a restaurant) обïдн-áти собí/ci vI Ia (ам, áме) Оrthodoxy правослáві-є nn (я)

other íншый adj; the other остáтнïй adj otherwise інáкше adv ought: see necessary our наш poss pron (нáша, нáше, нáшы) over над prep (+I) overcast хмáрно (=захмáрено) adv; become overcast захмáрит-и ся vP II (ь, 3sg) overcoat ярник nm (a; ы, ів) own, one's own свій poss pron; влáстный adj P pain б[і]л-ь nf (бóл-и; и, ей); to (be in) pain: see hurt pair пáр-а nf (ы; ы, #) pants (trousers) ногавíц-ї npl (ь) papa нян-ё nm (я; ёве, ів); see dad, daddy parade (stroll, place to stroll) променáд-а nf (ы; ы, #), кóрз-о nn (a; a, #) paradise ра-й nm (ю; ї, їв) parent рóдіч nm (a; i, ів) park парк nm (у; ы, ів) part (of something) част-ь nf (и; и, ей) participation ýчаст-ь nf (и) particular окрéмый adj pass smth to someone переда-вáти vI I (ю, ємé) (thing, information); vP Irreg передати (see дати) past (in: to go past, with verb of motion) мíмо prep (+G); p. tense: минýлый час pasteurization пастерізовáн-я nn (я) pasteurize пастеріз-овáти vI I (ýєм, ýєме) path путь nf (и; и, éй) pay платити vI II (плá-чу, тиме); vP II за- pays (it pays to): see worth

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peace мíр nm (a); пóк[і]й nm (покóя) [as in leave me in p.] perform (on stage) выступ-ити vP II (лю, име, лять) pen пéр-о nn (a; a, #) people (nation) нáрод nm (a; ы, ів); the people’s нaрóдный adj people: see pl of person perhaps мóже adv/part period епóх-а nf (ы; ы, #) persecute пронаслḯд-овати vI I (yю, yєме) person чоловíк nm (a; np: людe, Gpl éй) personal осóбный adj phenomenon яв nm (у; ы, ів) phone: see telephone photo(graph) фóт//к-а nf (ы; ы, /o/к#) pick (flowers) натóрга-ти vP I (м, ме); choose: see выберáти picnic пíкнік nm (а; ы, ів) pine tree сосéн//к-a nf (ы; ы, /о/к#) dim of сóс//н-a (ы; ы, /e/н#) pigsty кýч-а nf (i; i, #) pingpong пінґпóнґ nm (y) pity жал-ь nm (ю); на ж. unfortunately place, put down (flat) клáсти vI I (клад-ý, емé); vP II полож-ыти (у, ыме) plain (natural) натурáлный adj plan (to do smth) рихт-овáти ся vI I (ýю, ýєме) + inf play грá-ти vI I/Ia (м, ме, var ю, єме); vP Ia по- please part прóшу; also you're welcome; here you are (e.g., spoken by a waiter); also to please тїшит-и vI II (-ь 3sg) poetry поéзі-я nf (ï) Poland Пóльск-о nn (a); Пóльщ-а nf (і) Pole (person) Поля-к nm (кá;ци, кíв); Поляч//к-а nf (ы; ы, /о/к#), Пóл-ька nf (ькы; ькы, ёк)

Polish пóльскый adj poor бíдный adj post office пóшт-a nf (ы; ы, #) potato бандýр//к-а nf (ы; ы, /o/к#) power м[і]ць nf (мóци) practical практíчный adj pray мол-ити ся vI II (ю, име ся); vP II помолити ся prayer молитв-а nf (ы; ы, #) prefer мáти рáдше; see have, мáти prepare готóв-ити vI II (лю, име, лять); vP II при-; prepared: готóвый adj present (gift) дарýн/o/к nm (//к-а; ы, ів) present (introduce) предстáв-ити vP II (лю, име, лять); презент-овáти vI I (ýю, ýєме) president презідéнт nm (а; ы, ів) Prešov nm Пряшів (Пряшова) price цін-á (and цїн-á) nf (ы; цíны, цін#) priest п[і]п nm (попá; пóп-и, ів), свящéни-к nm (ка; ци/кы, ків) primary: See main. principal: See main. professor профéсор nm (a; ы, ів) program прóґрам nm (y; ы, ів) promenade (stroll, place to go strolling) кóрз-о nn (a; a, #), променáд-а nf (ы; ы, #) pronoun містоназывник nm (а; ы, ів) proper спрáвный adj proprietor ґáзд-а nm (ы; ы, ів) prose прóз-а nf (ы) proto-Slavic праславяньскый adj pub: see tavern pupil учéник nm (a; ы, ів); see also schoolboy, schoolgirl put (in a standing position) стáв-ити vI I (лю, име, лять); vP по-; put/stuff into: вопх-áти vP Ia (ам, áме); put down: see place

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Q quarter (in time expressions) чéтверт-ь nf (и); also фéрталь nm (я; ï, ïв); quarter (piece of something) четвeртин-a nf (ы; ы, #) quickly скóро adv quiet тих-ый adj; -o adv quietly quite (=rather): see enough R radio, radio station рáді-о nn (а/я; а/я, й) rain додж nm (ý; í, íв) raincoat доджáник nm (a; ы, ів) rainy доджáно adv rare рідкый adj; rarely рíдко adv rather (=quite): see enough; (preferably) рáдше adv rationally розýмн-о, -ї adv reach (get to) by running добіж-áти vP II (ý, ымé); also добíгн-ути vP I (у, еме) read чíт-áти vI Ia (ам, áме); vP Ia про- reader (collection of readings) чíтан//к-a or чітáн//к-a nf (ы; ы, /о/к#); (person who reads) чітáтел-ь nm (я; ї, їв) reading (the act of) чітáн-я nn (я) ready готóвый adj real: see concrete; актуáлный adj reality реáлност-ь nf (и) rear end зáд/о/к nm (//к-а; ы, ів) reason (mental facility) рóзум nm (y) reasonably розýмн-о, -ї adv rebirth обрóд-а nf (ы; ы, #) receive діста-вáти vI I (ю, ємé); дістá-ти vP I (н-у, еме) recently недáвно adv red червéный adj region кра-й nm (ю; ḯ, ḯв); реґіóн nm (a; ы, ів); also райóн nm (a/y; ы, ів)

remain (stay) зістá-ти vP I (н-у, еме) remaining: see rest remember пам(н)ят-áти vI Ia (ам, áме) remote (in time; of long ago) дáвный adj renaissance обрóд-а nf (ы; ы, #) repair поправл-яти vI Ia (ям, яме) republic репýблік-а nf (ы; ы, #) reserve (e.g., a table) резерв-овáти vI I (ýю, ýєме), vP I за- reside: see live rest (the) остáтнïй adj restaurant рештаврáнт nm (a; ы, ів), рештаврáці-я nf (ï; ï, й) Resurrection Воскресéні-є nn (я) return, give back верн-ýти vP I (у, еме); в. ся to return, go back reversal періпéті-я nf (ї; ï, й) reviver будител-ь nm (я; ï, ïв) revolution револýці-я nf (ï; ï, й) revolutionary револýчный adj revolve: see turn around rewrite переписáти vP I (-пиш-у, еме); vI I перепис-овати (ую, yєме) rich богáтый adj rich man богáч nm (á; ы, íв) right (to something, to do something) прáв-о nn (a; a, #) right (correct) правдивый adj right (vs. left) прáвый adj river рік-á nf (ы; рíк-ы, #) road дорóг-а nf (ы; ы, #); also дрáг-а nf (ы; ы, #) Romania Румýньск-o nn (a); Romanian румýньскый adj room (in a house) цíм//р-а nf (ы; ы, /е/р#) roots корḯн-я nn (я) run бíга-ти vI Ia (aм, a(є)ме) (see L14); біж-áти/біж-ти vI (ý, ымé); побіг-ти vP I (ну, неме; past побíг, побíгла); to set off running побіжáти vP; to come running прибіг-áти vI Ia (ам, áме); vP I прибíгн-ути (у, еме) to

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run off, set off/start running to here, this place; run as far as run away утïк-áти vI Ia (ам, áме); more usually убігáти run into: see meet run/race перебíг-овати ся vI I (ую, уєме); to go for a run running/racing перебíгован-я nn (я) runny nose нáдх-a nf (ы), = нéжыт-ь nf (и) Rus' Рус-ь nf (и) (see 13.5.) Rusyn русиньскый adj; (a R., male) Русин nm (a; ы, ів), Руснá-к nm (кá; ци or кы, ків); (a R., female) Русин//к-а nf (ы; ы, /о/к#), Руснáч//к-а nf (ы; ы, /о/к#) S sack міх nm (a; ы, ів) sadly, it's sad смýтно adv sail: see swim salad шáлaт nm (a; ы, ів); or шaлáт-a nf (ы; ы, #); can also mean lettuce sales clerk oбхóдніч//к-а nf (ы; ы, /о/к#): oбхóдник nm (a; ци or кы, ків) salt с[і]л-ь nf (сóли) Saturday сyбóт-а nf (ы) sausage ковбáс-а nf (ы; ы, #) saw пил//к-a nf (ы; ы, /o/к#) say: see talk scattered розмeтáный ppp school шкóл-а nf (ы; ы, #); in reference to the s. year, schedule: шкóльскый adj schoolboy шкóлник nm (a; ы, ів) schoolgirl шкóлніч//к-а nf (ы; ы, /o/к#) Scot, Scotsman Шкот nm (a; ы, ів), Шотлáнд/е/ць nm (//ц-я; ï, ïв) Scotland Шкóтьско nn (a), Шотлáнді-я nf (ї) Scotswoman Шкóт//к-a nf ы; ы, /о/к#), Шотлáнд//к-a nf (ы; ы, /о/к#)

Scottish шкóтьскый adj, шотлáндьскый adj sea мóр-e nn (я; я, ь) search: see look for second дрýгый num; (interj just a second) мóмeнт see вíд-ïти vI II (жу, име), vP II y-; see you: май ся! мáйте ся! seem вкáз-овати ся vI I (ую, уєме); also: look like; вызер-áти vI Ia (ам, áме) look, appear (as in: how does it/do I look?), look like (as in: it seems that… вызéрать, же…) self сам pron (I myself did it); f самá, pl самы sell продати vP Irreg (see дати); vI I прода- вáти (ю, ємé) send загнáти vP Ia (зажéн-у, еме); also послáти vP I (пóшл-ю, еме), vI Ia посылáти sentimentalist сентіменталíст-а nm (ы; ы, ів) separate окрéмый adj serious серьëзный adj service слýж//б-а nf (ы; ы, /e/б#); С. Бóжа Church Service seven сïм num seven hundred сḯмсто num seven hundredth сïмстоцятый num seventeen сïмнáдцять num seventeenth сïмнáдцятый num seventh сéмый num seventieth сïмдесятый num seventy сïмдесят num several: see some (a certain…) severe лютый adj shade хóлод/о/к nm (//ка) she вна pron; also it (fem.); var онá sheep овéч//к-а nf (ы; ы, /о/к# dim) shine свíтит-и vI II (3sg -ь) shirt кошýл-я nf (ï; ï, ь) shoe бокáнч-a nf (і; i, #) shoot стрḯл-ити vP II (ю, име); стрḯл-яти vI Ia (ям, яме)

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shop, go shopping (for something) накуп-ити vP II (лю, име, лять) shop: see store shop assistant: see sales clerk shore: see bank short корóткый adj, кýртый adj shorten коро-тити vI II (чу, тиме) shorts тренíр//кы npl (//ок) shoulder плéч-е nn (a; і, #) shout крич-áти vI II (ý, імé); vP I крикн-ути (у, еме) show укa-зáти vP I (ж-у, еме); vI I укáз-овати (ую, уєме); show up зъяв-ити ся vP II (лю, име, лять) sick хвóрый adj side dish прилог-a nf (ы; ы, #) sign знак nm (a/у; ы, ів) sign під-писáти vP I (-пиш-у, еме); vI I підпис-овати (ую, yєме) signify ознáч-овати vI I (yю, yєме) Silesia Сілéзі-я nf (ï) silly: see stupid simple (not difficult) прóстый adj; see also stupid sin грїх nm (á; ы, íв) sing спів-áти vI Ia (ам, áме) singing співáн-я nn (я) Sir пан nm (a; ове, ів) sister сест//р-á nf (ы; ы, /е/р#) sister-in-law шовґрын-я nf (ï; ï, ь) sit down сḯcти vP I (сяд-у, еме) sit, be sitting cид-ḯти vI II (сид-жу, име); vP II по- to sit for a little while six шість num six hundred шíстьсто num six hundredth шістьстоцятый num sixteen шістнáдцять num sixteenth шістнáдцятый num sixth шéстый num sixtieth шістьдесятый num sixty шістьдесят num size (e.g., of shoes) чíс//л-о nn (a; a, /e/л#) skirt сýк//ня nf (//нї; //нї, /е/нь)

sky нéб-о nn (a) Slavic славяньскый adj sleep спáти vI II (сп-лю, имé, лять) sleep(ing) спáн-я nn (я) slipper папýч-a nf (i; i, #) slope схыл nm (y; ы, ів); pl usually in reference to the slope of mountains Slovak словáцькый, словéньскый adj Slovak (person) Словá-к nm (кá; ци, кíв), Словáч//к-а nf (ы; ы, /о/к#) Slovakia Словáкі-я nf (ї), Словéньск-о nn (a) slowly помáлы adv; more s.: помáлше adv (comp) small малый adj smaller мéншый comp adj sneeze кых-ати vI Ia (ам, аме); vP I кыхн-ути (у, еме) snow снïг nm (у) snowstorm метелíц-я and метéліц-я nf (ï; ï, ь) so так adv also thus; т. вшелияк so-so, well, ok; т. нияк not so well soak: become soaked замóкн-ути vP I (у, eме) soccer: see football sock штримф//л-я nf (ï; ï, /е/ль) some (a certain number or amount of) дaкíлько adv (+G) some (kind of) якыйсь, даякый, дакóтрый, котрыйсь indef pron someone хтось, дахтó indef pron something штось, даштó indef pron sometime(s) даколи, колись indef adv; from sometime, some point одколись adv; until some time, some point доколись adv somewhere даґдé, десь (дéська) indef adv; from somewhere выдкысь, óдкысь son сын nm (a; ове, ів) song пíс//н-я nf (ï; ï, /е/нь) soon скóро adv; зась adv soul душ-á nf (ы) south юг nm (y) southeast юговыход nm (y); -ный

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southeastern southwest югозáпад nm (y); -ный southwestern speak говор-ити vI II (ю, име); also to be saying; see talk specialist шпеціалíст nm (а; ы, ів) specific шпеціфíчный adj speech біcḯд-а nf (ы; ы, #) spend: spend time быв-áти vI Ia (ам, áме) spinach шпéнат nm (a) spiritual духóвный adj sport(s) шпорт nm (у; ы, ів) ; to do, be involved in sports: шпорт-овáти vI I (ýю, ýєме); шпортóвый adj sportscoat сáк-о nn (a; a, #) spread: see strew spring ярь nf (яри); нáярь, на ярь, в яри: in the spring squirrel вóвір//к-а nf (ы; ы, /о/к#) stadium штадіóн nm (a; ы, ів) stand, be standing сто-яти vI II (ю, ḯме); vP II по- to stand for a little while starter (first course): see appetizer stay (reside) быв-áти vI Ia (ам, áме) steak рíз//к-a nf (ы; ы, /o/к#) steal крá-сти vI I (дý, демé) still іщí adv, part stocking: see sock stomach жалýд/о/к nm (//к-а; ы, ів) stop (doing smth) перестá-ти vP I (н-у, еме); (stand still) зістá-ти vP I (н-у, еме) store склеп nm (у; ы, ів) storm бýр-я nf (ï; ï, ь); iдé/прийде б. a storm is coming story-telling росповідáн-я nn (я) straight (direction) прямо adv straw солóм-a nf (ы) street ýліц-я nf (ï; ï, ь) streetcar трамвá-й nm (я; ï, ïв) strength сил-а nf (ы; ы, #), м[і]ць nf (мóци) stress: see underline strew насып-ати vP (лю, леме) stroll гул-яти vI Ia (ям, яме)

strong силный adj strongly мíцно adv student штудéнт nm (a; ы, ів); штудéнт//к-а nf (ы; ы, /o/к#) study, studying: see learn, learning stuff into вопх-áти vP Ia (ам, áме) stupid (silly) глýпый adj Subcarpathian підкарпáтьскый adj subway мéтр-о nn (a) such (a) такый pron; such a kind of suddenly одрáзу adv sugar цýк/е/р-ь nm (//рю) suit (of clothing, men’s) áнцуґ nm (a; ы, ів) suit, be suitable пас-овáти vI I (ýє, ýють) (+D) suitable гóдный adj suitcase кýф/е/р nm (а; ы, ів) summer лḯт-о nn (a; a, #) sun сóнц-е nn (я; я, ь) Sunday недḯл-я nf (ï; ï, ь) supper вечéр-я nf (ï; ï, ь) sweatpants теплáк-ы npl (#) sweet солóдк-ый adj; -e: sweet foods n adj (used as noun) swim (also float, sail) плáва-ти vI Ia (м, ме); плын-ути vI I (у, еме); vP I по- to set off, begin to swim (see L14) swimming плáван-я nn (я) syntax сíнтаксіс nm (у) T table ст[і]л nm (стóл-а; ы, ів); little table стóлик nm (а; ы, ів) tail хв[і]ст nm (хвóст-а; ы, ів) take взяти vP I (вóзьм-у, еме), vI I б//рáти (бép-y, еме); take someone somewhere: see lead; take by vehicle: see transport take/convey away (by vehicle) одво-зити vI II (жу, зиме); vP I одвéз-ти (у, еме); see L14

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take/lead someone away (on foot) одвод-ити vI II (жу, име); vP I одвé-сти (ду, деме); see L14 take place одбыв-áти ся vI Ia (ать, áють) talk (speak, converse) бісïд-овáти vI I (ýю, ýєме); говор-ити vI II (ю, име) to say, speak; P: see повíсти say, tell tall высóкый adj; also high taste смак-овáти vI I (ýє); най нам смакýє! bon appétit! (lit. may [it] taste good to us); смак nm (y); try (have a taste, try) прoб-овáти vI I (ýю, ýєме), vP I по- tasty смaчный adj Tatras (mountains) Тáт//ры npl (/e/p#) tavern кóрч//м-a nf (ы; ы, /е/м) tea ча-й nm (ю); tea drinking: чаёпит-я nn (я) teach уч-íти vI II (у, iме); vP II навчíти teacher учíтел-ь nm (я; ï, їв); учíтел/ь/к-а nf (ы; ы, /ё/к#) teenagers' тíнеджерьскый adj (tele)communications телекомунікáці-я nf (ї; ї, й) telephone телефон-овáти vI I (ýю, ýєме), vP I за-; also дзвонити vI II (ю, име); vP II по- tell пов-íсти vP Irreg (íм, íш, íсть, імé, істé, ідять; past íв, íла); also say once temperature теплóт-а nf (ы); see also fever temple храм nm (y; ы, ів) ten дéсять num tennis тéніс nm (y) tenth десятый num terrace терáс-a nf (ы; ы, #) terrible стрaшный adj territory терітóрі-я nf (ï; ï, й) textbook учéбник nm (a; ы, ів) than як conj thank дяк-овати vI I (ую, уєме); дякую! thank you!

thankfulness благодáтност-ь nf (-и; за + A) giving thanks (for...); день -и Thanksgiving Day that conj же; demon pron that one, over there тамтóт vs. тóт this; pron rel што (also якый, котрый) theatrical сценíчный adj their ïх poss pron then (at that time) тогды/тоды adv; from then, that time одтогды adv; until/before then дoтогды; (afterwards, next) потíм adv, пак adv there там adv (place and motion to); from there: óдтам, выдтам there is є (see be) there is no (= the lack or absence of X) нïт, also нєт; both +G they вни pron; var они think дýма-ти vI Ia (м, мe), vP Ia по- to (have a) think thinking дýман-я nn (я) third трéтій num thirteen тринáдцять num thirteenth тринáдцятый num thirtieth тридцятый num thirty тридцять num this тот, тотá, тотó dem pron thousand тíсяч num three три num; (a group of 3, L13) трóє, трóï coll num three hundred тристо num three hundredth тристоцятый num threshold пóр-[і]г nm (огу; огы, огів) throat гóрл-о nn (a; a, #) through чéрез prep (+A); also across thumb великый пáл/е/ць nm (//ц-я; ï, ïв) thundering (to be) гырмить vI II (3sg) Thursday четвéрь nm (G четверьгá) thus так adv tie (clothing): see necktie

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time час nm (ý; ы, ів); раз as in once, twice, three times adv; see also weather Tisza (river) Тіс-а nf (ы) title нáзв-a nf (ы; ы, #) to до prep (+G); на prep (+A) to, towards ку (also ґу) prep (+D) towards; ку вéчеру towards evening today днесь (днéська) adv; (up) until, before today доднéсь adv; from today ододнéсь, одднéсь adv together вєдно; довєдна adv tomorrow зáвтра adv; until/before tomorrow дозáвтра adv; from, as of tomorrow одзáвтра adv tongue: see language too (= also) тыж part; (= too much) за (prefixed to an adjective) tooth зýб nm (a; ы, ів) towards ку (ґу) prep (+D) torment мýк-a nf (ы) tourism турíзм nm (a) town мíст-о nn (a; a, #) tradition обычá-й nm (я; ï, ïв) traditional традíчный adj train влак nm (y; ы, ів) tram: see streetcar Transcarpathia Закарпáт-я nn (я) Тranscarpathian закарпáтьскый adj transfer: see pass transport (take smth or someone by vehicle) во-зити vI II (жу, зиме); вез-ти vI I (у, еме; past віз вéзла); vP I повéзти travel пут-овáти vI I (ýю, ýєме) tree стрóм nm (а; ы, ів); little t.: стрóмик nm (а; ы, ів); also дéрев-о nn (a; a, #) trolley: see streetcar trolleybus тролейбýс nm (y; ы, ïв) trousers ногавíц-ї npl (ь) trout пструг nm (a; ы, ів) truly воíстину adv Bоíстину воскрéс! a response to the priest at Easter services: Truly He is risen!

truth прáвд-а nf (ы) try (var. senses) прóб-овати vI I (ую, уєме), vP I по-; see also taste T-shirt трíч//к-о nn (а; а, /о/к) Tuesday вівтóр/о/к nm (//кa) turkey (masc) пуляк nm (á; ы, íв); (fem) пýл/ь/к-а nf (ы; ы, /ё/к#) turn around оберн-ýти ся vP I (y, eме) twelfth дванáдцятый num twelve дванáдцять num twentieth двaдцятый num twenty двáдцять num twice двáраз (also двыч) num two два num (for masc nouns); дві two (for neut and fem nouns); (a set of 2) двóє, двóï coll num (L 13) two hundred двáсто num two hundredth двастоцятый (and двáстый) num typhus fever тíфус nm (у) U Ukraine Украḯн-а nf (ы) Ukrainian укpаḯньскый adj Ukrainian (person) Украḯн/е/ц-ь nm (//ц-я; ï, ïв), Украḯн//к-а nf (ы; ы, /о/к#) uncle стрык-о nm (а; ы, ів) uncouple oneself одтóргн-ути ся vP I (у, eме) under під prep (+I); (+A) under in motion underground: see subway underline підкрéсл-ёвати vI I (юю, юєме) underpants ґáч-і npl (#) understand розум-íти vI II (лю, име, лять); по- vP II to get it, catch on understanding (reason) рóзум nm (y) underwear білизн-а nf (ы) unfortunately: see pity united єднóтный adj

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university універзíт-а nf (ы; ы, #) until до prep (+G); also before (time); u. when доколи adv; u. some time, some point доколись adv; u./before now дотепéрь adv up-to-date актуáлный adj urge (on) спонýкн-ути vP I (у, еме) use (a word) хосн-овáти vI I (ýю, ýєме); also ужыв-áти vI Ia (aм, áме), but less frequently; see also get used to V valuable цíнный (and цїнный) adj value цíнност-ь (and цїнност-ь) nf (и; и, ей) variant (e.g., of a language) варіáнт nm (a; ы, ів) verb часослóв-о nn (а; a, #) very баpз adv; also бáрже, барзї, дýже village сел-ó nn (á; a, #); also валáл nm (у; ы, ів) villager селян nm (а, е/ы, ів) visit нaвщíв-ити vP II (лю, име, лять) vocabulary лéксік-а nf (ы), слóвник nm (а; ы, ів) volleyball волейбáл nm (у) volleyball player волейбалíста nm (ы; ы, ів) W wait чéка-ти vI Ia (м, ме); на + A: to wait for; vP Ia по- waiter oфіціáнт nm (а; ы, ів), or чáшник nm (а; ы, ів) Wales Велс nm (у) walk (around for a bit) поход-ити vP II (жу, име); see go wall стḯн-а nf (ы; ы, #) want хотḯти vI I (хóч-у, еме)

war вóйн-а nf (ы; ы, вóєн) warm тéпл-ый adj; -o it is warm (adv); to w. up (weather): по/теплḯ-ти vP/I I (3rd sg -є) wash мы-ти vI I (ю, єме); м. ся to wash oneself, get washed watch: see look water вóд-а nf (ы; ы, #) wave мáхн-ути vP I (у, еме) (+ I); розмáх-овати vI I (yю, yєме) to wave (+ I) way: see path; this way так, in no way нияк we мы pers pron weak слáбый adj weather час nm (у; ы, ів); недóбрый ч. bad weather; also хвíля: шýмна x. good weather; the weather is bad нешýмно adv wedding свáдьб-а nf (ы; ы, #) Wednesday сéред-а nf (ы) week тыжд/е/нь nm (//н-я; ï, ïв) welcome вітá-ти vI I/Ia (aм/á(є)ме) вітá(є)ме вас! welcome! (lit: we w. you!); you’re welcome: see please well дóбрï adv; see good; well, ... но interj Welsh вéлськый adj Welshman Велсáн nm (а; е, ів) Welshwoman Велсáн//к-а nf (ы; ы, /o/к#) west зáпад nm (y) what? што? interrog pron whatever: see anything; any when коли adv; кідь conj; from or beginning from when одколи adv where де adv; also to where/whither; from where выдкы, óдкы wherever: see anywhere

whether ці part which котрый, якый pron (rel and interrog) whichever хоцькотрый indef pron while пóкы[ль], пóкля adv

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whisper нашепт-овáти vI I (ýю, ýєме), vP I нашеп-тáти (чу, чеме) white бíлый adj who xто pron (interrog, rel) whoever: see anyone whole цілый adj whose чій poss pron why чом adv wicked: see bad wide шырóкый adj wife жен-á nf (ы; ы, #) Dpl женáм, Lpl женáх, Ipl женáми will (one's will) вóл-я nf (ї) wind вíт/о/р nm (//р-а; ы ів) window óк//н-о n (a; a, /е/н#) wine вин-о nn (a) winter зим-a nf (ы; ы, #); in the w.: взимí adv wise мyдрый adj wish жел-áти vI Ia (ам, áме); also жыч-іти vI II (y, iме); to w. something [+A] for someone [+D] with з (зо, із) prep (+I) without без prep (+G) wolf вов-к nm (кa; кы,/ци, ків) woman жен-á nf (ы; ы, #) Dpl женáм, Lpl женáх, Ipl женáми women's дáмскый adj wonderful чудéсный adj, прекрáсный adj wood дéрев-о nn (a; a, #), also tree word слóв-о nn (a; a, #) work (=function) фунґ-овáти vI I (ýє); (=labor; be at w.) роб-ити vI II (лю, име, лять), vP II зрoбити; also поробити to do (perf.), to work for a while; see make/do; робóт-a nf (ы; ы, #); work on поправл-яти vI Ia (ям, яме) world свiт nm (у; ы, ів); adj свiтóв-ый: -a вóйнa world war worse гíршый comp adj worth (it is w. + inf) оплáтить ся vI II worthy: see suitable

would (in the conditional) бы part (see L 13) wrist зaпяст-я nn (я) write писáти vI I (пиш-y, емe); vP I на-; write down записáти vP I (запиш-y, емe), vI I запис-овати (yю, yєме) writer писáтел-ь nm (я; ï, ïв) writing писáн-я nn (я); (creative) writing(s) твóрчост-ь nf (и) Y yard: see garden year р[і]к nm (рóк-у; ы, ів); yearly event рóчник nm (a; ы, ів) yellow жóвтый adj yes гей interj yesterday вчéра adv; from, as of y. одвчéра adv yet (still) іщí adv, part you ты (sg), вы (pl and formal/polite sg) pers pron young молодый adj your твій (sg); ваш (pl and formal/polite sg) poss pron you're welcome: see please youth мóлодост-ь nf (и) Z Zemplin (of or pertaining to) зéмпліньскый adj


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