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FFFIRSTCERTIFICATEANGUAGE RACTICE

Underl ineany relat ivepronouns hat can be left out in thesesentences.I I think that my boss s the personwho I admirenost.2 Harry,who was ired,went to bedvery early.3 We're aking he rain hat eaves t 6.00.4 Haveyo u seen hebook hat left hereon the desk?5 fhe fi lm which we iked nrostwas he French ne .6 N'{y'adio,which sn'tveryolcl, assuddenly topped ,vorking.7 'l'heclotheswhichyou efi behindareat the reception esk.8 Th ecouplewho metme at thestation ook me out to dinner.9 Lastweek ran nto an old fiiend who I hadn't een br ages.10 Don'tcook he meat hat put in the ieezer its fbr thedog.

Replace he rela tivepronouns n italicswith thot, where possible.I This s he magazine hich toldyou about.

:fnis..t . khe. ea.gzrwe.thaL.t.Lo.l.6o.w. .b.o.wt2 John's lat, which s in the sameblock as mine, is much larger.3 The girl whose ag oflered o carry turned out to be an old friend.4 The policeman ryhoarrestedher had recognizedhe r car.5 I work with someonew/ro knows you.6 We don't sell goods whichhave been damaged.7 Brighton which s on the southcoast,sa popularholiday esort.8 I dont knowanyonewhose lotheswould it you.9 There'.s caf6near here which servesvery good meals.

10 Peoplewho parkoutside etgivenparking ickets

Underl ine he most suitableword in eachsentence.f My friend ack, hat who whose arentsive r-rGlasgow,nvitedme to spendChristmasn Scotland.2 Here'she computer rogram hat whom whose told you about.3 I dcrn't elievehestory hot who whomsh e old r"rs.4 Peter omes iom Witney, hat who which s nearOxford.5 This s the gun with that whom which he murder vas ommitted.6 Haveyou receivedhe parcelwhom whose whichwe sent ou?7 Is this hepersonwho which whose ou asked teabout?8 That'.she girl thot who whose rothersitsnext o me at school.9 The meal, hat which whose asn very asty,wa squiteexpensive.10 Wedicln'tenjoy he play hat who whosewe went to see.

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rGRAMMAR RELATIVE LAUSES

4 Putonesuitable ord n each pace, r eavehe space lankwherepossible.

Episode : Troubleon the 6.15The story so far:Jane lat t , 1) . . . . .y/hp.. . . . . . . .s ravel l ingo London ecausef a myster iousetter ,is he onlyperson 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .i tnessesmurder tVictor ia tat ion. hedetect iveo (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .hegives erstatementhendisappears.anegoes oan of f icen Soho o answerhe etter 4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .hehad eceived.here hediscovershat heruncleCordon, 5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ivesn South mer ica, as enthera smal l ox 6) she sonly o open f n trouble. ane,(7) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .arents ave everment ioned n UncleCordon, ssuspiciousfthe box,(8 ) .. . ....... hegives o her riendTony. he ygo to Scotland ardandsee nspector roves,9) . . . . . . . . . . . . asnot heard f theVictor ia tat ionmurder, 10) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .asnot reportedo the pol ice. ane ives nspectorCroveshe murderedman's icket, 11) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .he oundbeside isbody.Then ane ndTony ec ideo go o Redh i l l ,12 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .as he own(13) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .he murderedmanhadcome rom.On the rain heymeetaman, 14) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ace ssomehowami l i a ro Jane ,15 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ays eknows erUncleCordon . .

5 Puta suitable elat ivepronoun n eachspace, r leave he spaceblank wherepossible.I My bike, .whip.h........had eft at the gate, addisappeared.2 Theshoes... . . . . . . I boughtwere heones .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .t r iedon t i rst.3 The bag n the robbers ut the money ,vasbund ater.4 I'he medicine the doctorgaveme hadno effect t al l.5 Peter, couldn't ee he screen, ecicledo change is seat.6 I real ly iked hat ea .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .oumademe hismorning.7 What wtrs he narneof your friend tent ,r'e orrowed?8 The l ight .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .oewas eaving n was ancel lecl .

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FIRST ERTIFICATEANGUAGE RACTICE6 Make one sentence from each group of sentences,beginning as shown.

I ' l 'he hotel rvns r,rll f guests. l 'he hcltel vasmiles fionr anvu 'hcre The gr.restsadgone thcre to aclmire he sceltery.Tl-rercrtel, hich was..vwlLts.f,ro.v.w..awgwher.e,.wa.s.f.wLL.of,.q.wnsts-w.ha..Vtd,. .o.we.khre.to..a.uN't.e.khe.sewcrb-.. . . . .

2 I lcnt vou a book. It r,vas ri tten by ir fiiend of nrine. She ives u Fratrce.I i r cbook I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3 A rvontan'.sanclbag ,vas tolen.A police olllcer was staying n tl.re anrehotel. l 'hewoman wirs nterviewed by him.' l 'he wonran whosc

4 A goal r,vas corecl y a teenager.He had come on as substitute. I 'hisgoir lu,on thcnratch.' l 'he coal whiclr

5 I rvassitt ing lrext to a boy in the exatn.He tolclnt e the alls\\rcrs.' l ' heboy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6 Nly rvaliet ontaineclver100. t rvas buncl n th estreet l' a schoolbov. ereturneclt.NIyu'allet,

7 My liiencl Albert has decided o buy tr nrotorbike. l is car was stolen ast veek.Nly frienclAlbert,

8 CarroiCarol,

is a vegetarian. cookecl i meal fcrrher last v eek.Sh eenjoyecl t.

Makeone new sentence rom eachpair of sentences. eginasshown,and usethe word given n capitals.

I l lrencla s a fiiend. I r vent on holiclay 'vithher w HoB endir s .khe.fr.|ew.d.vtho..t..w.awk.n h L ida4.vlith......... .2 ' l 'h is is Mr Smith.His son l i l l p lavs n our teant. \'\THOSE'l'his is lVIrSmith

3 Her book waspr-rblishedas tyear. t becanre bestseller \\/ H ICT{I Ier book

4 'l' l-risis th c bank. We borrorved he rnoncl'f}on it. \ \THI( ]H' fh is is the birnk ion-r . . . . . . . . . . .I tolclyclr-rrbout a person.Sh e s at t ire door. W I I OI'hepcrsouJack'.sar hacl broken clolr,n. le hacl o take a lrr-rs \\TIJOSE

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GRAMMAR 9 RELATIVECLAUSESMakeone sentence rom eachgroup of sentences, eginningas shown.

I I got on a train. wanted o go o a station.'he train didn'tstop here.Tlrc trairr ..9.0!,.ow.d.ld.wl.t.stog.at.t.he..shatva!*.t.vt.s.wlr*d.!,0.9.0.1a.,............

2 I reacla book. Yclu ecommendecla book to me. This was tl'rebook.l l r c b o o k

3 'l 'he ship hit an icetrergan d sank. lhrning mess:rges ad been sent o it . ' l 'heship ignoreci hese.' l 'he ship.

4 -l'hepostman ealizecln,irs n hoiiday. bu hacl entnrea parcel.['hcpostnranlefi it r-rext loor.' fhepc ls tman,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5 I used o own a clog.Peoplecan-reo the cloclr.l ' l-reclognever barkeclat thenr.The c log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6 I bought my bike liom a woman. She ives r-r l.rouse.bu ca n see he houseover there.The r , r ' on r ; l n. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7 We went to ir beachon the first clayof clur holida,v. t u,ascrlverecln seaweecl.This srnelled r ot .' fhe beacl- r e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8 My neighbours irve hreesmallchildren.l'hechildrennrirke krt of noise.My neighbours evernpologize.My ne ighbours ,. . . . . . . . . . . . .

9 I bought a new com1)uter.t cost me a lot of money,.The new

I

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FIRSTCERTIFICATEANGUAGE RACTICE9 These entences real l grammatical ly ossible, ut not appropr iate n speech.

Rewriteeach sentenceso that it ends with the preposition n ital ics.I Margaret s the girl with whom I went on holiday.tMar.ga.ret.is.khe.g.Lr.l.l.xv.ew*.o.w.haL'tdau..wlth2 The golf club s the only clr.rb /which I am a member.

3'l'hatls

the girl about whorn we were talking.4 It wars wonderful present,fbr which I was extretlell ' grateful5 This s he school o which used o so .6 Is this he case n whichwe shouldput th ewineglasses?7 Can you rnove he chair orr which you are sitting?8 That'.she shop/roin which I got my shoes.9 Is that the personnext o whon-r ou usuallysit?

l0 This is Blll, about whom you have heard so rnuch.

KeypointsI Long sentences ith relative lauses remorecommon n writing. In speecht is g.more usual o join shorterclauses ith conjunctions. {1The hotel,whichwasmilesfrom anywhere,wasfull of guests. (writing) F

The hotelwasmilesfrom anywhere.t wasJull of guests. (speech) gThehotelwasmilesfrom anywhere, nd it wasfull of guests. (speech) 2 In speech,elativepronounsare usually eft out when they are he objectof the iclause. ;This s the book toldyou about. F3 In speecht is commonto end relative lauses ith a preposition. FThat\ thegirl I live next door to. gF.+SEEALSO gConsolidation:Units -12 $.1 i:=:3.::.i:iit+::l*F13:ji.1!-1i!F Jir4+$1>.Ft?i:-:ir:s*J.1: +.Ai9$i