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9Teaching Diverse
Learners
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Objective
• Analyze personal learning styles and intelligences.
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Teaching Diverse Learners
• Learning diversity includes– different learning styles– physical, social, emotional, or mental
challenges– language barriers– differences in ethnicity or cultural customs
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Learning Styles and Multiple Intelligences• Recognize each student as an
individual• Understanding differences in how
students learn can help teachers maximize learning for more students
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Learning Styles
• Learning styles include– visual learners– auditory learners– kinesthetic-tactile learner
s
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continued
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Learning Styles
• Teachers can plan lessons to incorporate different modes of learning
• Teachers can use different styles to help individual students
• They can avoid emphasizing one particular learning style when teaching
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Visual Learners
• Learn best by seeing information– Reading– Writing notes– Drawing, viewing pictures, watching
movies– Highlighting
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Auditory Learners
• Learn best by hearing information– Lectures– Discussions– Reciting out loud– Tunes and rhythms
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Kinesthetic-Tactile Learners• Learn best by doing or through hands-
on activity– Use objects for representation– Studying with others– Working through a procedure
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For Reflection
• What type of learner are you?
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Multiple Intelligences
• Howard Gardner published his theory of multiple intelligences
• List continues to expand and evolve• Teachers find that drawing on different
types of intelligences helps students learn more and expand all areas of intelligence
continued
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Multiple Intelligences
Type of Intelligence
Strength
Logical-mathematical
Logical problems, math
Spatial Visualizing
Bodily-kinesthetic Hands-on activities, movement
Linguistic Words
Musical Rhythm, sound patternscontinued
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Multiple Intelligences
Type of Intelligence
Strength
Intrapersonal Analyzer of self, strength/weaknesses
Interpersonal Communication
Naturalistic Analyzing environment
Existentialist Philosophical questions
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For Discussion
• Which of Gardner’s intelligences do you think is your strongest? Why?
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Tapping Individual Learning Strengths• Benefits include
– understanding student potential; can improve students’ attitudes toward learning
– using varied teaching techniques; draws on a wider range of student strengths
– allowing more student choice; allows students to draw on their strengths
continued
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Tapping Individual Learning Strengths• Benefits include
– helping individual learners; the teacher can help students find techniques that match their personal strengths
– helping all learners; students can strengthen other learning techniques
continued
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Tapping Individual Learning Strengths• Teachers can incorporate tips and
techniques for gaining skills into regular lessons– Reminders– Explanations– Examples– Checklists– Organizational aids
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Objective
• Identify methods schools can use to help gifted and talented learners and students with special needs reach their potential.
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Exceptional Learners
• Two main groups of exceptional learners:– Gifted and talented– Learners with special needs
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Gifted and Talented Learners• Students who have abilities
significantly greater than those of others their age– Gifted: excel academically– Talented: outstanding skills in music, art,
theater, dance, leadership
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Supporting the Gifted and Talented• Provide in-class enrichment; learning
opportunities during regular classes© Hasan Shaheed/Shutterstock continued
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Supporting the Gifted and Talented• Use self-paced learning; students can
move on when they are ready• Skipping a grade; may cause problems
with social-emotional skills• Attending special schools (such as
magnet schools)
continued
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Supporting the Gifted and Talented• Providing pull-out programs; leaving
regular classes for advanced classes© Tomasz
Trojanowski/Shutterstock continued
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Supporting the Gifted and Talented• Participating in extracurricular
programs; improve knowledge and skills in all areas of interest
• Taking advanced classes; may include community college or university classes
continued
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Supporting the Gifted and Talented• Some teachers specialize in teaching
gifted and talented learners• Regular classroom teachers may also
have gifted and talented students• They need to provide these students
with more rigorous activities• Gifted or talented students may be
grouped for projects
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Learners with Special Needs• Special needs may include physical,
mental, social, and behavioral challenges
• Under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), public schools must create Individualized Education Programs (IEPs) for students with special needs
continued
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Learners with Special Needs
• The plan also describes specific accommodations necessary
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Meeting the Needs of Students with Disabilities• Mainstreaming: students are placed in
one or more regular classes; not treated as special students
• Inclusion: students are in special classes but not expected to keep up academically
• Special education: adapted programs with extra staff and specialized equipment to help students with special needs learn
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For Discussion
• What do you think are the pros and cons of mainstreaming and inclusion?
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Objective
• Develop classroom strategies for ensuring an atmosphere of respect for all students.
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Cultural Diversity
• Schools reflect the diversity of the U.S.• Many people identify with a specific
ethnic group based on their heritage– Ethnicity: a particular racial, national, or
cultural group– Includes that group’s customs, beliefs,
values, and often language and religion
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Using Diversity to Enrich Learning• Diversity can encourage new ideas,
opinions, and experiences© ZouZou/Shutterstock
continued
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Using Diversity to Enrich Learning• Schools need to encourage respect and
tolerance• Some schools see diversity as a source
of conflict• School administrators must set the tone;
teachers must model acceptance• Stereotypes have no place in schools
continued
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Using Diversity to Enrich Learning• Teachers must be sensitive to students’
individuality• Teachers can learn about students’
cultures by– meeting with parents– listening to students’ stories– studying cultural traditions
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For Discussion
• What steps can you take to promote acceptance of diversity in your classroom?
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Objective
• Identify the difficulties English language learners face and how classroom teachers can help them.
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Language Diversity
• Limited English proficiency (LEP) and English language learners (ELL) face the challenge of learning English in school
• Some students attend bilingual programs
• Others attend English as a Second Language (ESL) program
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Helping English Language Learners
• Teachers may use several methods– Speaking clearly– Printing assignments
on the board
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continued
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Helping English Language Learners
– Summarizing– Demonstrating– Giving step-by-step instructions– Having students work in pairs and groups– Providing study guides, vocabulary
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The Challenge of Teaching Diverse Learners• Learn students’ individual learning
styles, strengths, abilities, and interests• Differentiated instruction provides
options that fit students’ needs• Varying student groups can help meet
different needs
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For Reflection
• What are some ways you will support diversity in your classroom as a teacher?
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Key Points• Teachers can help all students learn by
understanding different learning styles and multiple intelligences
• Exceptional learners may need special learning opportunities
• Schools can help prepare students for the diversity of the workplace by respecting diversity in the classroom
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Review• What type of learner learns best by
performing hands-on or physical activities?
kinesthetic-tactile• In Gardner’s theory of multiple
intelligences, people with ____ intelligence are good with rhythm and sound patterns.
musicalcontinued
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Review• How are magnet schools organized?to emphasize a particular subject area• What is differentiated instruction?teaching that incorporates learning
options to better meet the specific learning-related characteristics of individual students