cd/ Hof]lt÷90

jif{ M !^, k"0ff{ª\s $$, @)&^ cflZjg–sflt{s–dª\l;/

;+/Ifss'ndfg l3l;ª

k|wfg ;Dkfbss[i0fb]j l/dfn

…zAb;]gfÚ

sfo{sf/L ;Dkfbslji0f'k|;fb cfrfo{

…ct[KtÚ

;Dkfbs ;ldlt/d]z ;fu/

cfljisf/ snf/Ltf rfln;]

ofbj/fh 3n]

Joj:yfks;ËLtf clwsf/Lzf/bf kf]v/]nan/fd k'8f;}gL

cfj/0f lrqpk]Gb| lzjfsf]6L

;+:yfut d"No M @))=))JolQmut d"No M %)=))

k|sfzs

ljB't\\sdL{ ;flxlTos ;dfh g]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0f

;Dks{ /Tgkfs{, sf7df8f}F, g]kfn ljB'tLo 7]ufgfM amarjyoti@nea.org.np

kmf]g g+= M )!–$!%#)*(

lh=k|=sf=sf7=b=g+= !&&÷)&@÷)&#

zAb3/ 5fkfvfgf, afuahf/, sf7df8f}F )!–$@$$%(& åf/f d'lb|t

;flxlTos q}dfl;s

:yfgLo k|ltlglwx¿ab|L Gof}kfg], lj/f6gu/cf/=cf/= rf}nfufO{, x]6fF}8fgj/fh e§, g]kfnu~h/fhgk|;fb Kofs'/]n, g'jfsf]6/fds'df/ Gof}kfg], l;Gw'kfNrf]sl;=la=utf}{nf, O6x/Ldft[sfk|;fb ;ª\u|f}nf, emfkf

;Nnfxsf/dft[sf kf]v/]ns'nk|;fb k/fh'nLlji0f'axfb'/ l;+xk'0o l3ld/]/fd]Zj/ /fpt dft[bf;

Amar jyaaeita

;Dk

fbs

Lolgofqf cª\ssf af/]df

e|d0fzLntf g};lu{s dfgjLo :jefj xf] . o;nfO{ ultzLntfsf] kof{osf ¿kdf klg cYof{pg ;lsG5 . …lxF8] 5]p nfU5, a;] n]p nfU5Ú eGg] nf]sf]lQmn] klg xfdL ;a}nfO{ sDtLdf rnfodfg eO/xg k|]l/t u/]em}F k|tLt x'G5 . xf], lrt'jfem}F a]tf]8 bf}8g g;lsPnf, t/ kfOnf rfNg eg] sbflk sGh':ofOF ug'{x'Fb}g . ha sbdsf] bd /f]lsG5 ta hLjgn] 3fts ult/f]wsf] ;fdgf ug'{kg]{ cj:yf cfOk'luxfN5 . t;y{, 5]p5]p nfu]/ PSn} lxF8f}F jf eL8df 7]nd7]n ub}{ ;d"xdf lxF8f}F, h8tf / l:y/tfnfO{ k/f:t ug{ ofqfrflxF h?/L 5 .

;du| hLjg Pp6f dxfofqf xf]— ue{b]lv lrxfg;Ddsf] dxfofqf . of] dxfofqfleq knkn, If0fIf0f jf lbglbgdf ul/g] cfOhfO, ;km/ jf ljr/0frflxF dxfofqfleqs} ;xfos ofqf . jf:tjdf ;xfos ofqfsf] ;dli6ut :j¿kn] g} hLjgsf] dxfofqfnfO{ clGtd la;f}gLdf nu]/ 6'ª\UofOlbG5 . km]l/ klg a/flngs} nflu ul/Psf] ofqfn] eGbf ;f]2]Zo ul/Psf] ofqfn] hLjgsf] dxfofqfnfO{ ;fy{s / wGo t'Nofpg] s'/fdf eg] alnof] ljZjf; ug{ ;lsG5 .

g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;g\ @)@) nfO{ …g]kfn e|d0f jif{Ú 3f]if0ff u/L aL;f}F nfv ko{6s leœofpg] dxŒjfsfª\IfL /0fgLlts nIo lnPsf] 5 . d'n'sdf gofF ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f eO{ :yfoL zflGtsf] cfefif ldln/x]sf] avtdf ko{6g k|j4{gsf dfWodaf6 cfly{s qmflGtsf] ;kgf ;fsf/ kfg{ ;/sf/ bQlrQ eP/ h'6]sf] b]lvG5 . oxL d];f]df /fHoOR5fnfO{ 6]sf] lbg] hdsf]{ ub}{ xfdLn] klg …cd/Hof]lt ;flxlTos q}dfl;sÚsf] $$ cf}F cª\snfO{ lgofqf ljz]if cª\ssf ¿kdf ;fj{hlgs u/]sf 5f}F .

g]kfnL ;flxTodf lgofqfn] lgaGw ljwfsf] pkljwfsf ¿kdf cfˆg} 5'§} j}lzi6\o sfod ul/;s]sf] 5 . ofqf j0f{gdf lghfTds cg'e"lt 3'n]/ cfPkl5 To;n] lgofqfsf] :j¿k u|x0f u5{ eGg] hflgkmsf/x¿sf] 7DofO /x]sf] b]lvG5 . ofqfsf] bf}/fgdf k|fKt ePsf tYo, ;FuflnPsf cg'ej Pjd\ pTkGg ePsf dfgl;s t/ª\ux¿nfO{ PsLs/0f ub}{ ;DalGwt :yfgsf] k|s[lt, hghLjg, dfgj dgf]lj1fg, k|fljlws–;f+:s[lts kIf cflbsf] hfgsf/L u/fP/ dfgj–dgdf ofqfsf nflu x'6x'6L hufpg] d"n clei6 lgofqfn] lnPsf] x'G5 .

lgofqfsf/x¿ /fufTds cg'e"lt, ;3g ;+j]bgf, cfTdk/s z}nL, rfdTsfl/s n]vg lzNk Pjd\ snfdo sfJofTds efiffsf] s'zn ;+of]hgaf6 dfq kl/kSj / kl/is[t lgofqf hGdg] s'/fdf ljZjf; u5{g\ . o; cª\sdf ;ª\u[xLt lgofqfx¿ plNnlvt dfkb08sf] s;Ldf v/f] pqg ;s]sf 5g\ jf 5}gg\, ;f] sf] k/v ug]{ lhDd]jf/L lj1 kf7sx¿nfO{ ;'DkFb} xfdL oltdfq eG5f}F— o;kflnnfO{ o:t} ePsf] 5 Û ufnL jf tfnL b'j}nfO{ x[bosf] /ftf] sfk]{6 la5\ofP/ :jfut ul/g]5 .

— ct[Kt

cd/ Hof]lt÷3

o; cª\sdflgofqf M k[i7 Mn o'j/fh gofF3/] 5

n hLjgfy wdnf 10

n /fh]Gb|dfg 8ª\uf]n 14

n dfwj l3ld/] ‘c6n’ 25

n xl/k|;fb clwsf/L 35

n uh]G›k|;fb >]i7 42

n cfljisf/ snf 48

n lji0f'k|;fb cfrfo{ ’ct[KtÚ 56

n3'syf Mn nLnf/fh bfxfn 74

cg'jfb ;flxTo Mn /fhs'df/ h}g ’/fhgÚ 69 -cg'jfbs M ;'dL nf]xgL_

ultljlw M 81

sljtf M k[i7 Mn k|sfz cfrfo{ 24

n /fwf sfsL{ 32

n ;'zLn kf]v/]n 40

n zf/bfb]jL e§/fO{ 54

n bof v8\uL ’a]r}gÚ 71

n af]bgfy l/dfn 82

afnsljtf M n /~h'>L k/fh'nL 71

n gf/fo0f lg/f}nf 77

uhn M n k|;"g clwsf/L 46

lgaGw Mn df]xgaxfb'/ sfo:y 75

;dLIff M

n k|eftL ls/0f 72

n /d]zk|;fb ltdlN;gf 78

inayaaPaa ADk0XXX

cd/ Hof]lt÷4

cd/Hof]lt ;flxlTos q}dfl;ssf nflu n]v/rgf pknAw u/fpg] af/]sf] ;"rgf

ljB't\sdL{ ;flxlTos ;dfhåf/f lgoldt ¿kdf k|sflzt x'¤Fb} cfPsf] …cd/Hof]lt ;flxlTos q}dfl;sÚsf] cfufdL cª\ssf nflu lgDgfg';f/sf n]v/rgfx¿ oyf;So l56f] k7fOlbg'x'g ;d:t ;h{s÷;dLIfs dxfg'efjx¿nfO{ cg'/f]w ul/G5 M

!= ;flxTosf ljljw ljwf;Fu ;DalGwt l;h{gfTds n]vx¿@= ;dLIffTds, cg';GwfgfTds jf ;+:d/0ffTds eflifs

Pjd\ ;flxlTos n]v/rgfx¿#= ;flxTosf ljleGg l;åfGt / jfbx¿sf ;DaGwdf k"jL{o

/ kfZrfTo b[li6sf]0f;DaGwL cfn]vx¿$= g]kfnL / ljZj;flxTodf b]vfk/]sf gjLg dfGotfdf

cfwfl/t n]v /rgfx¿%= cg'jfb ;flxTo Pjd\ snf / ;+:s[lt;DaGwL

n]v–/rgfx¿ .

pk/f]Qm cg';f/sf] ck|sflzt n]v/rgf k|Llt kmG6df 6fOk u/L lgDglnlvt ljB'tLo 7]ufgfdf kmf]6f];lxt k7fOlbg'x'g ;fy} o; klqsfsf nflu k|]lift ;fdu|Lx¿ ^ dlxgf;Dd cGo klqsfdf gk7fOlbg'x'g;d]t cg'/f]w ul/G5 .

n]v÷/rgf k7fpg] ljB'tLo 7]ufgfM amarjyoti@nea.org.np

ljB't\sdL{ ;flxlTos ;dfh kl/jf/g]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0f

cd/ Hof]lt÷5

df]bLa;sf] efFk"F–efFk"F

km]l/ ;¥of] ;do Û:joDe"af6 a]n'sfsf] rf/ ah] 5'6\g] eg]sf] uf8L kfFr ah] hfg] ef] .

kfFrkl5 5, ;ft eP/ cf7 ah];Dd ;do ;l//Xof] .æof] df]bLa; o:t} xf] ÛÆ agf/; hfg a;]sf ;a} o;} eGg yfn] .cem} lbUbf/ dfGg yfn] . k6\of/ nfu]/ x}/fg} eO;Sof] . ;do ;/]sf]

5, 5 Ûef/tsf k|wfgdGqL g/]Gb| df]bL / g]kfnsf k|wfgdGqL ;'zLn

sf]O/fnfn] ;Fu;Fu} pb\3f6g u/]y]— g]kfn–ef/t d}qL a;;]jf . tL uf8L agf/; / lbNnL rN5g\ . ;a}n] tL df]6/sf gfd /fv]sf /x]5g\— df]bLa; . To} df]bLa;df d klg agf/; uO/x]y]F .

k';sf] hf8f] . gofF 7fpFsf] 5'jfOn] dgdf tftf] eg] a9]s} lyof] .aNn–aNn /fltsf] gf} ah] uf8L x'OFlsof] . a]kQ}n] a]luPsf] df]bLa;n]

laxfgsf] lem;ld;]df ;'gf}nL l;dfgfdf k'u]/ lj>fd lnof] .æof] w"nf] s] ;fx|f] ÛÆ d}n] aflx/sf] ;]tfDd] b]v]/ eg]sf] lyPF .æxf]Og lg Û of] t kf7 xf] .Æx]/, d]/f] z'l4 Ûeoª\s/ s'O/f] nfu]sf] lyof] . To} lr;f], To} s'O/Ld08n / To}

w'DdwfDddf xfdL cf]/flnof}F . clg, emf]nf hFrfP/ ef/t 6]Sof}F .a; x'OFlsPnuQ} km]l/ /f]lsP/ xfd|f kl/ro–kq x]l/P .æclg, cl3 eG;f/df ;a} hfFr]sf] lyof] . x}g / ÛÆæTof] t ;'/Iffsf] xf] lg ÛÆuf8L u'8\of] .æof] r}F s]sf] t <Ææs]Gb| ;/sf/sf] .Æ rfns af]N5g\ .

o'j/fh gofF3/]

lgofqf

cd/ Hof]lt÷6

uf8L b'O{ ldg]6 u'8]kl5 km]l/ /f]lsof] . clg, cs}{ kf]zfsdf k|x/L cfP/ hfFr] .

æoL r}F sf] k/] <ÆæoL k|fGtLo ;/sf/sf eG;f/sf sd{rf/L .Æuf8L u'8\of] .km]l/ kfFr ldg]6kl5 uf8L /f]lsof] . k|x/L k;]/ wdfwd ;f]wk'5 ug{

yfn] .ælsg hfFr]sf logn] <ÆæoL ;Ldf an x'g\ .Æuf8L x'OFlsof] . o:t} tLg ldg]6 klg k"/f ePsf] lyPg . uf8L /f]lsof] . tLg hgf

h'Fufd'7] uf8Ldf k;]/ xfd|f emf]nf vf]tnvftn ug{ yfn] .ækm]l/ hfFr k8\tfn eof] t ÛÆæoL cGtMz'Nssf sd{rf/L x'g\ /] .Æuf8L u'8\of] . clg, emf]nf ldnfpg gkfO{ tLg–rf/ hgf o'jf k;] .ækl/ro–kq xft–xftdf /fVg'xf]nf .Æ vnf;Ln] lxGbL / g]kfnL

ld;fP/ eGof] .ækm]l/ s]sf] ;f]wk'5 lg <Ææu'Ktr/ ljefusf sd{rf/L x'g\ .Ælgs} s8f ;f]wk'5 eof] . d]/f] gful/stfsf] kmf]6f] / clxn]sf] cg'xf/

ldNb}gYof] . hfFrsLn] lgs} VofpF–VofpF u¥of] .aNn uf8L u'8\of] .;fx|} lemFhf] nfUof] . æTo;/L t ko{6s s] cfpnfg\ / v} ÛÆ lbSs nfUof] .pv'af/L / tf]/Laf/L cfpg] / hfg] eO/x] . 7"nf–7"nf kmfF6;Fu cfFvf

h'wfpg gkfpFb} /]nsf ndtGg lns cfpFy] .af6fdf uf]/vk'/ 6'Kn'lsof] .df]bLa;sf] 6fpsfdf PDa'n]G;sf] h:tf] hf]l8Psf] /x]5 . ;fd'Gg]

s'g} uf8L b]lvof] ls pm uhan] s/fpFYof] . ef/tdf o:tf] k|rng cgf}7f] nfUof] .

Ps 3G6feGbf a9L nfUof] uf]/vk'/ l5rf]Ng . aflx/ l/ª/f]8 hfg'kg]{ . vf]O{ stfaf6 zx/sf] 3GrdGrdf km;]/ lg:sg dxfef/t} ef] .

cd/ Hof]lt÷7

df]bLa;sf] efFk"F–efFk"F v"a aHYof] . p;sf] cgf}7f] cfjfhn] af6f] lsgf/sfx¿ x]y]{— cgf}7f] dfg]/ . OlG8of g k¥of], af6f] g} lsg 5f]8\y] / Û

uf]/vk'/sf] uGhfuf]n slt 7"nf] . uf]? uf8f, rgf r6k6], kfg k;n, /]nsf l8Aaf, pv'sf nfqmf ;a} ;8s lsgf/d} . k'/fgf 6\ofDk', df5f tfg]{x¿, hfn a]Rg]x¿, kfgLk'/Lsf 7]nf, wf]tL df]ndf]nfO ug]{ ;a} ;8s ldr]/ a;]sf 5g\ .

dxfd'l:snn] 8]9 3G6fkl5 aNntNn uf8L lgl:sof] . d'vdf lr6lr6 kl;gf, d'v x]bf{ cQflnPsf] nfUYof] rfnssf] .

;f]w]F klg, æs;/L af6f] la/fOof] <Æælxhf] kmls{+bf zx/ k;]/ hf eg]Yof] d'bf{/ k'ln;n] Û p;sf] cfb]z

dfg]sf], oL x}/fg kfOof] .ÆefFk"F–efFk"F ahfP/ cf]7 lg rnfof] rfnsn] .dflysf] gLnf], xl/of], /ftf] / ;]tf] lemlns–ldlns aQL lg aln/x]s}

5 uf8Lsf] . aQL / cfjfh Ps;fy cfpFbf lgs} 7"nf7fn'sf] uf8L b]lvof]– of] df]bLa; .

d]/f] 5]pdf l5g\— agf/;s} ljBfyL{ . cfdf ltAataf6 /ftf/ft efu]/ sf7df8f}F l5/]sL /lxl5g\ . cfzLsL cfdfh:t} cfgLx¿ lyP a;}el/ .

æ;lsof] t uf]/vk'/ <Æ 7"nf7"nf /fhdfu{ b]Vbf ;f]W5' .tLg tn];Dd 5g\ ;8sx¿ . alg/x]sf 5g\ a]:;/L . ljzfn–ljzfn

nDa]–nDa] ;8sx¿ . af6fh:t} cUnf g cUnf 6«s 5g\ htftt} . km]l/ cf}wL nfdf klg .

lbpF;f] ePsf] 5 .vfgf vfg eg]/ xf]6]ndf l5/]sf] .æ/f]6L kf] vfpmF ls <Æ d}n] 8«fOe/nfO{ ;f]w]F .æd;Fu cfpg';\, g]kfnL ?lkofF eP klg sfd rN5 .Æef? g;f6]sf] x}/fgL d}n] ;'gfPy]F .kl5 nfu]F . pgn] s;f]–s;f] ;fgf] l;F9L eP/ e¥ofª psfn] . Pp6f

e'F8]jfn al;/x]Yof] .æ;'gf}nLdf ;f6\g Eofpg'ePg ;/n] .Æ rfnsn] bfx|LjfnfnfO{ eg] .æcfO8L rflxof] .Æd}n] gful/stf lbPF . pgn] kmf]6f]skL u/] .clg, tLg xhf/ ef? lbP .

cd/ Hof]lt÷8

aflx/ cfpFbf vfg]x¿sf] n:s/ lyof] . w]/} t cfgLx¿ g} lyP . nx/} pleP/ xft–xftdf kl/rokq af]s]/ plePsf lyP .

æg]kfnL, ef/tLo, ltAatL / s'O/] 5g\ oxfF . vfB;'/Iff lgsfon] /]s8{ /fVg] ubf]{/x]5 .Æ vnf;L atfO/x]sf 5g\ .

d}n] klg kl/rokq b]vfPF .ælxdf~rn k|b]zsf h:tf 5f} lg <Ææls ltAatL xf] <Æ 6f]sg sf6\g a;]sf] dfG5]n] dnfO{ ;f]Wof] / d]/f]

kl/rokq x]¥of] .vfgf vfg l9nf] eof] . xfdL w]/} lyof}F . afxfg nufP/ ksfpg'k/]5 .

d / cGo rf/ cfgLx¿sf] efudf vfgf cfOk'Uof] l9nf] .df]bLa; s/fof]– efFk"FefFk"F Û‰ofnaf6 s/fof] rfns– æagf/; k'Ubf cfwf /ft x'G5 . tkfO{+x¿

t k'Ug'x'G5, dr}F slxn] kms{g' lg <ÆærfF8f]–rfF8f] vfg' ÛÆæbxL lkpg';\– tGb'/L vNtLdf xfNg';\ .Æcfb]z} cfof] rfnssf] .xtf/–xtf/ vfPF . /f]6Ln] bgf;f] bkm{/fP5 . tGb'/Ldf wf/n] cf]7sf

s'gfsfgLdf 3f]r]5 klg .uf8L hf]8n] a]luof] . vfPsf] t xfdLn] lyof}F . df]6/ kf] alQof]

hf]8n] .p:t} 5 df]bLa;sf] efFk"F–efFk"F .ca emg\ a]ujfg eof] . cf7 n]gsf] af6f] alg/x] klg d'l:snn] b'O6f

uf8L kf; x'Gy] . eTs]sf 3/, 9'ª\ufsf /f;, afn'jfsf p?ªvft, pu|fO/x]sf ufO{uf]?, k/fn el/Psf aonuf8Ln] af6f]sf] ult 5]lsGYof] a]nf–a]nfdf .

æcf7 n]gsf] af6f] ag'Gh]ndf dl/;s]sf] x'G5' d . of] uf8Lsf] wgLsf] gfltn] ToltGh]ndf rGb|dfdf 6«s s'bfO/x]sf] x'G5 .Æ

rfnsn] lbUbf/L kf]Vof] / ahfof] xg{– efFk"FefFk"F ÛÛÛ ætLg jif{ ef] . o} 5 tfn df]bLa;sf] .Æ vnf;L klg yK5 .æaQL afNof], xg{ 7f]Sof]– To} 5 tfn .Æ rfnsn] klg yk] .uf8L s'lb/x]5 . 3fd lgs} tn cfOk'u]5 . cfhdu9 l5rf]Ng} lgs}

3G6f nfUof] . a:tL, afnL / ;'g;fg ;+;f/ .

cd/ Hof]lt÷9

d}n] ;'?b]lv ;'g]sf], hfg]sf] / k9]sf] gfd– agf/; . t/, af6af6fdf ;"rgfkf6Ldf 5— jf/f0f;L . s]xL cNdlnof] lha|f] . cfFvfn] z'4 kf/L k9\g vf]Hof]— agf/; ls jf/f0f;L Û

a]n'sfsf] cf7 aHbf df]bLa; k'Uof] ;f/gfy .oxL xf] agf/; < Ps l5g cNdlnPF .;f/gfysf] ltAatL dlGb/lg/sf] cfgGb u]i6 xfp;df k'u]/ sf]7f

a's u/]F .æs]af6 cfPsf] <Æ u]i6 xfp;sf] df]6]n] em6f/f] xfGof] .æs:tf] s]af6 <Æ d}n] p;}nfO{ ;f]w]F .æ/]n, df]6/, hxfh <ÆæP, df]bLa;af6 .Ææl6s6 b]vfpm t ÛÆ p;n] k|df0f vf]Hof] .d}n] w]/}a]/ emf]nfdf otfptf vf]h]F . e]l6gF . ;a} vNtL 5fd]F . emf]nf

5fd]F . sf]6, xft] emf]nf st} klg 6'Kn'lsPg– a;sf] l6s6 .æcfwf/ sf8{ 5 <Æ p;n] s8\s]/ ;f]Wof] .æd]/f] r}F gful/stf xf]– cfwf/ sf8{ eg] lg, h] eg] lg .Æp;n] 3'/]/ x]¥of] .æof] x'Fb}g . cª\u|]hL / b]jgfu/L b'j}df n]lvPsf] x'g'k5{ .Æ pm

s8\lsof] .æd;Fu o} 5 . clxn] ev{/ To:tf] gful/stf lbg yflnPsf] 5 . ;a}

a"9fx¿sf xftdf o} gful/stf 5 .Æ d}n] hf8f]n] slqmPsf] sfgdf unaGbL s:b} eg]F .

æof] cfO8L d dflGbgF . o;nfO{ lbNnLsf] PDa];L uP/ k|dfl0ft u/]/ Nofpm .Æ p;n] cfb]z lbof] .

olt~h]n /ftsf] bz alh;s]sf] lyof] .d}n] gful/stf vNtLdf xfn]/ csf]{ u]i6 xfp; vf]Hg nfu]F d"nuGw

s'6Llt/ . s'O/f]n] 8\ofDd 9fs]sf] lyof] agf/;sf] u'h'd'h] zx/nfO{ . ìì

cd/ Hof]lt÷10

ls/fsf] sfo{qmd

tflndsf] em08} b'O{ dlxgf;Dd 8r]j]n] 6]lnlehg tflnd s]Gb|sf tflndbftfx¿n] xfdLnfO{ ;}4flGts ljifodf k|lzIf0f lbP . To; qmddf cg]sf}F j[Qlrqx¿sf] cjnf]sg, ltgsf] d"Nofª\sg, d"Nofª\sgsf tf}/tl/sf cflbsf ;DaGwdf klg cfjZos 1fg lbP . aL;fF} jif{b]lv 8r]j]n]df sfo{qmd lgdf{0fdf ;n+Ug /x]/ ;}4flGts, Jofjxfl/s b'j} lx;fan] lj1 eO;s]sf k/fdz{bftf, jl/i7 sfo{qmd lgb]{zs, >Job[Zo ;Dkfbs, 5fofFsf/, Wjlg lj1x¿n] Tfflndsf qmddf s}ofF} lbg t ;}4flGts tflndsf ;fy} 8r]j]n]d} Jofjxfl/s sfo{zfnf klg rnfPsf lyP .

l;Sg t slt l;lsof]Ù t/ pgLx¿n] l;sfpg s]xL s;/ afFsL /fv]sf lyPgg\ . ;g\ @))) sf] cS6f]a/ dlxgfsf] ;do lyof] . !@ hgf lyof}F xfdL . $÷$ hgfsf] ;d"x agfP/ Pp6} ljifoj:t'dfly cnucnu 5nkmn rnfpg], 5nkmn kl5sf lgrf]8nfO{ km]l/ ltgf]6} ;d"xaLr k'gM 5nkmn rnfP/ To;dfly l6Kk0fL, ;'emfjcflb lbP/ xfdL k|To]snfO{ sfo{qmd lgdf{0fsf c;nL 1ftf agfpg rfxGy] pgLx¿ . xfdL klg ca t lgs} kf]Vt eOof] h:tf] cg'ej uYof}{“ . a]n'sf sf]7fdf a:bf klg pgLx¿n] l;sfPh:tf] u/L sfo{qmd lgdf{0f ug{ ;s] t g]kfn 6]lnlehg klg 8r]j]n] hlts} x'g] lyof] eg]/ aft dfYof}{“ . pgLx¿;Fu ;fwg;|f]t, hgzlQm rfx]hlt x'GYof] . xfdLsxfF hgzlQm eP ;fwg gx'g], ;fwg / hgzlQm eP cyf{efj x'g], Ps g Ps yf]ssf] cefj} /xg], sfo{qmd agfpFbf ;dosf] klg cefj x'g], cfhsf] cfh} klg sfo{qmd tof/ ug'{kg]{, ofjt\ cK7\of/f l:yltdf ?dlNnFb} sfo{qmd agfpg] cfˆgf] cj:yf emNemnL cfFvfdf gfRYof] . csf{lt/ pgLx¿ s'g} klg kIfdf ;Demf}tf gu/L sfo{qmd agfpgdf hf]8 lbGy] .

ca xfdL j[Qlrq pTkfbg ug]{ r/0fdf k|j]z u¥of}F . tflndsf] b'O{ dlxgf JotLt eO;s]sf] lyof] . xfdLdf sfo{qmd pTkfbg ug]{ ;DaGwdf lgs}

hLjgfy wdnf

lgofqf

cd/ Hof]lt÷11

cfTdljZjf; klg hflu;s]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf af/] ;}4flGts 1fg / sfo{zfnfsf] cEof;n] xfdL ca h:tf] klg sfo{qmd -j[Qlrq_ pTkfbg ug{ ;Sg] ePsf 5fF} eGg]df pgLx¿ klg 9'Ss eP . lkmN8df uP/ ;'l6ª u/L sfo{qmd pTkfbg ug{ u[xsfo{ z'? eof] . tLg lbgsf] ;3g 5nkmnkl5 # ;d"xn] cnucnu ljifoj:t'df # j6f j[Qlrq pTkfbg ug]{ lg0f{o eof] . d;lxt ePsf] ;d"xnfO{ aln{gsL Pp6L o'jf uflosfÙ h:sf] gfd …ls/fÚ lyof], sf] ;fª\uLlts JolQmTj;DalGw j[Qlrq pTkfbg ug]{ lhDd]jf/L lbOof] . xfdL ca To;}df s]lGb|t eP/ u[xsfo{ ug{ yfNofF} .

ls/fsf] ;fª\uLlts JolQmTj;DaGwL sfo{qmd lgdf{0f ug]{ qmddf 5nkmn ubf{ k|lzIfsx¿n] aln{gsf] o'jfk':tf ;fª\uLlts If]qdf lgs} ;lqmo /x]sf] atfPsf lyP .

cfw'lgs o'/f]ksf] cf}Bf]lus xasf] ¿kdf /x]sf] aln{gdf ;fª\uLlts If]qdf pRrlzIff cWoogsf nflu kof{Kt cj;/x¿ 5g\ . lzIf0f ;+:yfx¿nfO{ ;/sf/n] ;~rfng u5{ / ltgdf ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ k|foM lgMz'Ns cWoog ug]{ cj;/ k|fKt x'G5 . ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ s'g} klg ljifodf pRr cWoogsf lglDt cfly{s ef/ kb}{g . ;fª\uLlts ljwfdf nfu]/ hLjgofkg ug]{ cj;/x¿ klg plQs} pknAw x'G5g\ . dgdf c7f]6 ePkl5 To; ljifodf cl3 a9]/ lj1tf jf nf]slk|otf k|fKt ug{ c;lhnf] 5}g . ls/f aln{gsL o'jf hut\sL Ps k|ltlglw kfq lyOg\ .

;d"xdf d cfn]v n]vssf ¿kdf to ePF . jL/]Gb| sfsL{ b[Zo ;Dkfbs eP, ;+of]hs, Joj:yfks df}l/;;sf PlG8«sf] 5flgP, /fd]Zj/ z'Sn Sofd/f k;{g eP . o;}u/L sfo{qmd lgdf{0fsf] ;d"xx¿ cnucnu lgdf{0f eP klg tLeGbf dfly ;a} ;d"xnfO{ ;+of]hg lgb]{zg / ;~rfng ug{] tflndbftfx¿ g} lyP . d'Vo g]t[Tj pgLx¿s} lyof] .

s]xL lbgdf d}n] cfn]v tof/ u/]F . To;dfly cfˆg} ;d"xleq / cGo ;d'x;Fu cGt/s[of eof] . ;a}n] lbPsf ;'emfj ;d]6]/ km]l/ n]v]F / To;nfO{ tflndbftf jl/i7 lgdf{tf l6dnfO{ lbPF . pgn] k'gM s]xL ;+zf]wg u/] / clGtd ¿k lbP . To;}u/L cGo ;d"xsf cfn]vx¿ klg tof/ eP . ca 5fofÍgsf nflu ;do–tflnsf agfOof] . sfo{qmd Tolt nfdf] lyPg, !% ldg6hltsf] lyof] . xfd|f] ;d"xn] agfpg] sfo{qmdsf] 5fofÍgsf nflu # lbg 5'§ØfOof] . klxn] xfd|} ;d"xsf] sfo{qmd 5fofÍg x'g] eof] .

5fofÍgk"j{ ls/fnfO{ 8r]j]n]d} af]nfOof] kl/rosf nflu . pgL

cd/ Hof]lt÷12

cfOg\, kl/ro lbOg\ . pgL aln{gsL Ps o'jf uflosf lyOg\ / o'jf ;|f]tf bz{sdfem nf]slk|o aGb} uO/x]sL lyOg\ . To:t} @%÷@^ jif{sL lyOg\ xf]nf pgL . ;'l6ª:ynsf] ;fdfGo hfgsf/L -/]sL_ sf nflu ;f]xL lbg pgsf] lgjf;:yfg uP/ cjnf]sg ul/of] . ls/f p08 :6«f;] eGg] :yfgdf PSn} al:b/lx5g\ . p08 :6«f;] aln{g dxfgu/sf] leqL efudf kbf]{/x]5 . pgsf] 3/sf] k|fª\u0f;Dd} uf8L k'Ug] ;8s lyPg . @%, #) ld6/ j/} ;8s5]psf] kfls{ª:yndf uf8L /fv]/ xfd|f] S|o' pgsf] lgjf;lt/ nfu]sf] lyof] . pgsf] 3/;Fu} c¿ 3/x¿ hf]l8Psf lyP . pgsf] 3/ # tn] lyof] / pgL aLrsf] tnfdf a;]sL /lx5g\ . To; tnfdf # sf]7f lyP . Pp6f pgsf] lsrg, csf]{ ;'Tg] sf]7f / csf]{ cln km/flsnf] r} ;fª\uLlts cEof; ug]{ sf]7f /x]5 . k'/fgf] z}nLsf] ls/fsf] 3/ lgs} ;fdfGo lyof] . pgsf] kl/jf/df To;a]nf c¿ sf]xL b]lvPgg\ . To; 3/sf] jftfj/0f cg'dfg ubf{ pgL aln{gaflx/af6 cWoogsf l;nl;nfdf cfP/ ToxfF ef8fdf ˆNof6 lnP/ a;]sL /lx5g\ eGg] a'‰g ;lsGYof] . sfo{qmdsf nflu cfn]v tof/ ubf{ pgsf] kfl/jfl/s k[i7e"ldsf af/]df pNn]v ug'{ cfjZos g/x]sf] eGg] lg0f{o u/L ;fdfGo JolQmut kl/rosf ;fy pgsf] ;fª\uLlts JolQmTjsf af/]df dfq pNn]v ul/Psf] lyof] . pgsf] JolQmTjnfO{ cfTdfnfk z}nLdf k|:t't ug]{ u/L xfdLn] tof/L u/]sf lyof}F .

ef]lnkN6 xfd|f] pks/0fx¿;lxt ^÷& hgfsf] 6f]nL ls/f lgjf; p08 :6«f;] uof] . ls/fn] cfˆgf] :6'l8of] / cg]s jfB ;fdu|Lsf] /vfO Jojl:yt u/]/ a;]sL lyOg\ . d'Vo pgsf] lbgrof{ / ;fª\uLlts cEof;sf b[Zox¿ 5fofÍg ug'{ lyof] . d'Vo Sofd/f lgb]{zs pnL lyP . g]kfnsf /fd]Zj/ z'Sn pgnfO{ ;3fpFy] . c¿ ;xof]uLx¿ @÷# hgf lyP . ls/fnfO{ ef]sn l/ofhsf nflu tof/ x'g cfu|x ePkl5 pgL hd{g efiffdf uLt ufpg yflng\ . cg]sfF} k6s 6]s lnPkl5 aNn l/ofhsf] ;'l6ª ;lsof] . pgsf] ;fª\uLlts k|:t'ltsf k|df0fkq, d]8n Pjd\ cGo b}lgs 3/fo;L ultljlwsf] klg 5fofÍg ul/of] . pgL aln{g o'lgel;{6L ckm cf6{sL :gftssL 5fqf lyOg\ . ef]lnkN6 ToxfFsf] klg ;'l6ª eof] . pgL / pgsf ;ª\uLt u'?;Fu cGtjf{tf{ / sn]hsf ;fdfGo b[Zox¿ lnOof] . pgL sn]h cfpFbf–hfFbfsf af6fsf b[Zox¿ lvlrP . Ps lbg t dnfO{ Wjlg lgoGqssf] sfd klg u/fOof] . sfo{qmdsf nflu h'l8y gfd u/]sL Ps csL{ uflosfsf] klg cGtjf{tf{ klg lnOof] . 5fofÍg @ lbgd} ;lsof] . o:t} csf]{ Ps ;d"xsf]

cd/ Hof]lt÷13

ljifo Pp6f rnlrqsf] lgdf{0f s;/L x'G5 < To;sf] :ynut l/kf]{6 tof/ ug'{ lyof] . csf]{ ;d"xnfO{ eg] klxNo} lvlrPsf b[Zox¿ pknAw u/fOPsf] lyof] . clk|msflt/ uf]xL ;+/If0f sfo{ s;/L ePsf] 5 eGg] ljifodf Pp6f jGohGt' ;+/If0f sfof{nosf] ultljlwaf/] k|fKt km'6]h k|of]u u/L j[Qlrq lgdf{0f ug]{ lhDdf To; lgdf{0f 6f]nLnfO{ lyof] .

5fofÍg ;lsPkl5 >Job[Zo z'? ug'{ klxn]sf] k|fljlws tof/Ldf xfdL nfUof}F . o;qmddf km'6]hsf] nluª, cl8of] 8laªnufotsf sfo{ ul/of] . cl8of] -:j/fª\sg_ sf nflu 8r]j]n] 6]lnlehgsf Ps hgf jl/i7 cª\u|]hL ;dfrf/ jfrsnfO{ cg'/f]w ul/of] . pgn] # j6} sfo{qmddf cfˆgf] cl8of] lbP . ;a} k"j{tof/Lkl5 cf–cfˆgf] ;d"xsf] kfnf]df #–# lbg gglnlgo/ Pl8l6ª ;]6df a;]kl5 sfo{qmdx¿ tof/ eP . jl/i7 ;Dkfbs dfOsnn] # j6} sfo{qmdsf] >Job[Zo ;Dkfbg ub}{ ;a}nfO{ gglnlgo/ Pl8l6ª ;]6df s;/L sfo{qmd pTkfbg ul/G5 eGg] l;sfP .

8r]j]n]sf xfd|f tflndbftfx¿n] xfdLnfO{ dfq xf]Og, o; cl3 krf;fF} tflnd sf];{ k"/f u/fO;s]sf lyP . pgLx¿ ;fg'ltg' x/]s s'/fnfO{ a8f] ;"Id 9ª\un] l;sfpFy] . cfn]v n]Vg] ljifoj:t'sf] rog ug]{b]lv ;'l6ª, Pl8l6ª, kf]i6 k|f]8S;g;Ddsf ;Dk"0f{ sfo{qmd lgdf{0f k|s[of / k|ljlwaf/] ldlxg]tk"j{s k|lzIf0f lbP pgLx¿n] . c;n sfo{qmd lgdf{0f ug{ ;fgf] s'/fdf klg plQs} Wofg lbOg'k5{ eGg] pgLx¿sf] l;4fGt lyof] . pgLx¿ 8r]j]n]df cfdGq0f ul/Psf 6]lnlehg sdL{x¿nfO{ t lgoldt ¿kdf tflnd lbGy] g}, jif{sf] @÷# k6s ljb]zdf uP/ klg tflnd lbGy] . ljz]if u/L Plzof / clk|msfsf 6]lnlehg ;+:yfx¿n] a]nfavt tflnd lbg lj1sf ¿kdf af]nfO/xg] / ljb]z uO/xg'kg]{ s'/f pgLx¿ atfpFy] .

xfdLn] lgdf{0f u/]sf sfo{qmdx¿ k|lzIfsx¿n] k"jf{nf]sg u/] . clGtddf 8r]j]n] 6]lnlehgaf6 k|;f/0f x'g] hfgsf/L lbP . Tflndsf qmddf sfo{qmd lgdf{0f ;DkGg ePkl5 klg s]xL xKtf;Dd xfd|f] tflndsf] l;nl;nf lg/Gt/ /Xof] . ;do k"/f ePkl5 xfdL cf–cfˆgf 3/ kmsL{ ToxfF l;s]sf] 1fgnfO{ cfkm"n] pTkfbg ug]{ sfo{qmddf clws pkof]u ug]{5fF} eGg] ljZjf; tflndbftfx¿n] lnPsf lyP . d}n] ToxfF l;s]sf] k|fljlws 1fgnfO{ g]kfn 6]lnlehgdf sfo{qmd pTkfbgsf qmddf s]xL xb;Dd pkof]u ug]{ k|of; u/]F .

ìì

cd/ Hof]lt÷14

l;/fOr'nLdf r'lnFbf

d}n] gofF cg'e"lt u/]F, To; lbg . Pp6f gjLg ko{6sLo uGtJo . ;"of{]bosf] Tof] /f]df~rs If0f . cf]7

xf]Og, dHh}n] xfF:of] d]/f] dg . hfGg ;s] ;fFlRrs} ;'?lrk"0f{ x'G5 ofqf . c´ z}lIfs ofqfsf] t vf;

p2]Zo x'G5 g} . z}lIfs ofqf kmut\ ofqfsf nflu ofqf xf]Og . kbofqf ubf{ hghLjg / k|s[ltnfO{ cToGt} glhsaf6 lgofNg kfOG5 . /x:ox¿sf] KofG8f]/f aS; g} xf] k|s[lt / cfkm}Fdf ljzfn lzIffno klg . k|s[ltl;t l;Sg g;s] ;du| hLjgnfO{ a'‰g ;lsFb}g eGg] 7fG5' d .

o:t} ;f]lr/x]sf] lyPF d . tft]tft] ub}{ gfu9'ª\uf l5rf]n]kl5 sldnfsf tfFtL´}F k[YjL /fhdfu{df u'l8/x]sf uf8Lx¿nfO{ pl5Gb} alQPsf] a; xF'Ub] -%)) ld6/_ df k'u]/ /f]lsof] . a;df ;jf/ lyP— z}lIfs ofqfsf nflu lg:s]sf sf7df8f}F Ps]8dL ckm 6'l/hd PG8 xl:k6\ofln6L Dofg]hd]G6 -Sofy_ sf @* hgf ljBfyL{, lzIfs zdf{åo /fhs'df/ / cflzif\ . pgLx¿sf] ;fydf lyPF d, 6'/ln8/sf] ¿kdf . ljBfyL{x¿sf] lbdfunfO{ km/flsnf] kfg]{ lzIf0f ljlwsf] Pp6f k|efjsf/L sfObf xf] o:tf] ofqf .

u|fdL0f ul/aL lgjf/0fsf nflu ko{6g kl/of]hgf -6Lcf/kLPkL_ n] klxrfg u/]sf] uGtJo l;/fOr'nL -!,(&@ ld6/_ cf/f]x0f ug]{ l;nl;nfdf lyof}F xfdL . ofqfsf] p2]Zo lyof]— k|fs[lts, ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts, P]ltxfl;s / k"/ftflTjs kIfsf] cWoog tyf ko{6g Joj;fo;DaGwL Jofjxfl/s 1fg xfl;n ug]{ . Sofysf] kf7\oqmd;Fu ;DalGwt sfo{qmd lyof] Tof] .

xfQLafªsf] a;fOF x'FUb]kl5 ug{' lyof] kbofqf . k'Ug' lyof] xfQLafª -!,$!) ld6/_ . lxF8\g'

lyof], kfFr 3G6f . dfG5]sf] ns{g nfUof]], /x/ / afWotfsf kfOnf p7fpFb} . gfua]nL uf]/]6f]nfO{ 9kSs} 9fs]sf] lyof], xfd|f] x"nn] .

cfh 3fd / psfnf]nfO{ k/LIff lbFb} 5g\ Sofysf ljBfyL{x¿ . æ;/x¿n] lng] ljBfyL{x¿sf] k/LIff t psfnf]n] kf] lng] eof] lg ÛÆ

/fhs'df/ ;/l;t d]/f] xNsf 7§f .

/fh]Gb|dfg 8ª\uf]n

lgofqf

cd/ Hof]lt÷15

æk/LIff t d cfkm}F klg lbFb} 5' lg /fh]Gb|hL Û yfxf 5}g, pQL0f{rflxF x'g] xf] ls xf]Og Û tkfO{“sf] e/f];fdf 5' .Æ af]tnsf] kfgL 3'6\SofpFb} cfpF5 /fhs'df/ ;/sf] hjfkm .

nfdf] ;do cd]l/sfsf] ljZjljBfnodf k9fpFbf k9fpFb} 5f8]/ g]kfn cfPsf . dft[e"ldk|lt cufw :g]x 5 pgdf . ljlzi6 JolQmTj ePsf pgL cfkm"nfO{ nfu]sf s'/fx¿ k|:6 af]Ny] . s'/f rkfP/ af]Ng]eGbf o:t} dfG5] dg k5{ dnfO{ .

psfnf] b]v]/ ctflNnPsf s]xL ljBfyL{x¿ lxF8fOnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbO/x]sf 5}gg\ . c¿nfO{ cl3 nufP/ cfkm"x¿ plePsf 5g\ 7fpF7fpFdf . t/ cflzif\ ;/sf] rflxF 5 cfˆg} no— ;':t t/ lg/Gt/ . zfnLg, xF;d'v / ldng;f/ pgL . To;}n] t ljBfyL{x¿ ;xh dx;'; u5{g\ pgLl;t .

sfgdf 7f]lSs/x]sf] 5— lqz"nL gbLsf] g/dfOnf] w'g . psflnFb} ubf{ kmsL{kmsL{ x]5'{ d lqz"nLnfO{ . d}nf] lqz"nLn] kL8fsf 5fnx¿ p/fln/x]sL 5]Ù ufO/x]sL 5]×— lj/xsf uLt, sNnf]n cfjfhdf . ;'gfO/x]sL 5]— kfgLsf 5fnx¿df kl;gf r'xfpg] dfemLx¿sf] syf . a'nGb ul//x]sL 5]— afn'jf dflkmofsf lj?4 zlQmzfnL cfjfh . of] cfjfhdf Gofo dflu/x]sf] cfefif x'G5 lqz"nLn] . t}klg dfG5]n] gbLsf] efiff k6Ss} a'‰b}gg\ jf a'‰g} rfxGgg\ . oxL t 5 lj8Dagf Û

;fnsf] klxnf] dlxgfsf] klxnf] xKtf . a;leqsf] jftfg's"ntfaf6 aflx/ lg:s]b]lv g} HofgnfO{ cfuf]sf] e'ª\u|f]df 3';f/]h:t} cg'e"lt eO/x]sf] lyof], To;dfly klg ;'?d} 7f8} psfnf]sf] zf;gf . ;':t/L rNdnfpFb} lyof] dfgjnx/, k|To]s kfOnfdf pleP/ nfdf] Zjf; tfGb} . psfnf]n] sltko ljBfyL{x¿ t uln;s]´}F nfUy] . lar/fx¿ Û gun"g\ klg lsg . d} x'F eGg]nfO{ t unfpF5 psfnf]n] Û zx/sf] ;DkGg kl/jf/df hGd]/ ;'v–;ondf x's]{sfx¿sf nflu kxf8 r9\g' 7"n} r'gf}tL xf] . kbofqfdf kxf8sf] r'gf}tLnfO{ l:jsfg}{ k5{ . r'gf}tLljgfsf] ofqfdf /f]rstf klg x'Fb}g . ko{6gsf ljBfyL{ x'g\, olt si6 klg geP t s;/L a'´"g\ g]kfnsf] ko{6g Û oyfy{df o;} p2]Zosf nflu lyof] ofqf .

ufpFdf hGd]/ zx/ uPsfx¿sf nflu psfnf] lxF8\g' ;d:of xf]Og . sltkon] t dHhf lnO/x]sf] cg'e"t x'GYof] . pT;fxsf] psfnf] rl9/x]sf Ps ljBfyL{n] x7ft\ u'Gu'gfpg yfn]–

ælxF8lxF8 ;fyL xf], sldnfsf] tfFtL of]b'nfaf6 lg:s]/, lxF8\5 w'nfdfly of]==========Æ xf], o;/L g} ufpFYof}F xfdL, sldnfsf] tfFtL b]Vbf . sldnf;Fu}

v]NYof}F, lh:sGYof}F . slxn]sfxLF t sldnfn] 6f]SYof] klg . sldnfs} kbrfknfO{

cd/ Hof]lt÷16

k5\ofpFYof]F xfdL . afnjosf] o:t} dL7f ;D´gfx¿ t}l/P d]/f] dfg;k6ndf . pgsf] cfjfh ;'g]kl5 csf]{ Ps hgfn] klg u'Gu'gfpg yfn] pxL

nodfÙ t/ uLtnfO{ ;do;fk]If agfP/–ædfG5]x¿sf] tfFtL of], a;af6 cf]n]{/ lxF8\5 8fF8fdfly of]==========Ækl/j]zcg';f/ pgn] ufPsf] a]7Ls lyPg . sldnfs} tfFtLh:t} lyof]Ù

kxf8sf] 5ftLdf ;NanfO/x]sf] dfgj–ns{g . sDtLdf pgn] uLtsf] ;'/, tfn / no glauf/Lsg} ufP . l/ldS; ug]{ cy{df k'/fgf ufossf uLtnfO{ cfˆg} tfndf ufpg] km];g rn]sf] 5 . a];'/ nfU5g\ tL uLtx¿ t/ s:tf] crDd Û To:t} uLtrflxF lx6 /] Û ;ª\uLt ga'‰g' klg s]xL 5}g .

æxf], sldnfsf] tfFtLh:t} u/L lxF8\g'k5{ x} .Æ cflzif\ ;/ cYof{pFb} lyP ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ . pgL lyP— bflh{lnªsf g]kfnL efifL . af]nLdf Ps vfnsf] cb\e"t ld7f; x'G5 bflh{lnª]x¿df .

sldnfsf] uLtsf] k|;ª\u rln/x]s} a]nf sldnfs} ljDa k|of]u ul/g'df cg'zf;gsf] kf7 cGtlg{lxt lyof] . ljBfyL{x¿ 6'/df lg:s]sf] a]nf :jtGqtfsf] kv]6f glkmFhfpmg\ eg]/ xf]nf, pgL cg'zf;gsf] 3]/fleq /fVg rfxGy] pgLx¿nfO{ . oltdfq xf]Og, pgL Pstf, ldlxg]t / w}o{sf] af]w u/fpFb} lyP . cg'ejL lzIfs g xf] Û ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ cfˆgf] sfa'df /fVg] s:tf] /fd|f] tl/sf Û d}n] a'l´;s]sf] lyPF, cflzif\ ;/sf] ‘l8Knf]Dof;L Û’ cfkm"n] l;sfPsf s'/fx¿nfO{ ljBfyL{x¿n] slt;Dd u|x0f u/]sf 5g\ eGg] s'/f dx;'; ug{ ;Sg' g} Pp6f ;kmn lzIfssf] ljz]iftf xf] .

æn's of6 b a8{h Û b] Sofg ˆnfO{ a6 SofG6 uf] cfp6 ckm ;6]{g ;s{D6\of;]h\ .Æ pl8/x]sf r/fx¿nfO{ b]vfpFb} /fhs'df/ zdf{n] yk] . pgsf] cf]hk"0f{ af]nLdf gtd:ts x'Fbf/x]5g\ ljBfyL{x¿ . dfG5]sf] hLjgsf] ult klg cg'zf;gd} rln/x]sf] x'G5 eGg]] cfzo lyof] pgsf] . ;fob psfnf]sf] sx/df lha|f] km8\sfl//xg] hfFu/ grn]/ klg xf]nf, ljBfyL{x¿n] pgnfO{ ;'g]dfq . pgLx¿nfO{ klg nfUbf] xf]– 6'/df lg:s]sf] a]nfdf klg slt dfq} pkb]z ;'lg/xg" Û

c´} w]/} lyof], psfnf] pSng . 3fdn] cfuf]sf] d':nf] lg/Gt/ adg ul//x]s} lyof] . ‘ef]sf]nfO{ vL/’ eg]´}F eof] xfdLnfO{, n}tfssf] rf}kf/L e]6]kl5 . aflkmPsf] HofgnfO{ lr;f] 5xf/Lleq n'sfpFbf ́ /gfdf g'xfPh:t} cfgGb cfpg] .

lsglsg cfFvf km]l/ lqz"nLd} kf}8g k'lu/x]5 . 5fnx¿df ‰jfDnfª\ª kmfn xfNb} hnljxf/df /dfO/x]sf 8'ª\ufx¿ b]Vbf O{iof{ nfU5 . /, nfU5– kbofqf 5f8]/ lqz"nLl;t :kz{ ug{ hfpFm . sNkgfdfq xf] Û hltv]/ h] OR5f

cd/ Hof]lt÷17

nfUof], ToxL ug{ t lsg kfOGYof] / sfFwdf lhDd]jf/L af]s]/ lxF8]kl5 . cl3Nnf] jif{ u/]sf] ¥oflˆ6ª ;D´]/} dg a'´fPF d}n] .

lgtfGt leGg nfUb} lyof], of] ofqf . eljiosf s0ff{wf/x¿nfO{ 8f]¥ofpg kfpg' cfkm}Fdf ;+of]u lyof] . k'nlst lyPF d . pgLx¿ g} x'g\ eljiosf] g]kfnsf] ko{6gsf] e/f];f . casf] bz jif{df oLdWo] slt kyk|bz{s aGnfg\ < slt ;kmn Joj;foL aGnfg\ < slt gLlt lgdf{0fsf] txdf k'Unfg\ < /, sltn] cflzif\ / /fhs'df/ ;/sf] laF8f] yfDnfg\ < ;dosf] cGt/fndf r]nf lrgL alg;s]sf x'G5g\ t/ u'?x¿ u'8sf] ¿kdf dfq} . lzIfssf] sfd g} o:t} Û ljBfyLx¿nfO{ ljBf¿kL gbLaf6 kf/ u/fpg'dfq xf] df´L ag]/ . dgdf s't"xntfsf t/ª\ux¿ p7\b} lyP .

csf]{ rf}kf/L cfof] vf]/eGHofªsf] . 3fdsf] /fk / tfkn] z"Gotf 5fPsf] lyof] ;a}df . ;'g]sf] lyPF– zLtn 5xf/Ldf a;]/ u/]sf]] dfofk|Lltsf s'/f slxNo} ;lsFb}g /] . cfkm"n] t To:tf] cg'ej g} sxfF g} ug{ kfOof] / pltv]/ Û ljBfyL{x¿sf] cufl8 ufpg slt plrt lyof] s'lGg Û rsdGgtfnfO{ tf]8\gs} nflu klg ufOlbPF d}n] ;~hLj k|wfgsf] uLt ;a}n] ;'Gg] u/L–

æb]p/fnLsf] rf}tf/Ldf ;ª\lugLn] cfFvf 5f]k]sf]cfpF5 c´} ´´Nsf]========Æcsf]{n] ufP rfFbgL zfxsf] uLt—æpsfnL cf]/fnLx¿dfeGHofª clg rf}tf/Lx¿df=====Ælg:tAwtfnfO{ tf]8\of}F xfdLn] . /f]df~rs x'g}k5{ ofqf . ofqf eg]s}

oxL xf] . emfFluP/ cfsfz 9flsPsf kLkn / j6j[If nx/} plePsf 5g\ /

atf;sf] n}a/Ldf lgaf{w km/km/fO/x]sf 5g\ Kfftx¿ . oltv]/sf] xfjf g} kf]lifnf] Û 6';'Ss a:g]lalQs} ysfgn] r'/ ePsf] Hofg km'lt{nf] eOxfNg] . of] kf] xf] t xfjf vfg'sf] dHhf Û vfof}F wLt dg]{ u/L .

k'vf{sf] lrgf] xf] rf}kf/L . a6'jfx¿nfO{ ;':tfpg agfOlbPsf . clxn]sf] v'nfd~r / rf}kf/L p:t} xf] . plxn]plxn] ufpFsf dflg;x¿ rf}kf/Ld} e]nf eP/ 5nkmn uy]{ . rf}kf/Ld} a;]/ b'Mv–;'v ;f6f;f6 uy]{ . v'nf gf6\ozfnf g} lyof] rf}kf/L . rf}kf/Ld} dgf]/~hg uy]{ . ufpFn] x'g\ jf a6'jf, ;a}sf nflu pkof]uL . slt bL3{sfnLg lyof] xfd|f k'vf{x¿sf] ;f]r . To;}n] t o'uo'u afFRf]sf 5g\ j/–kLknsf] hf]8L, rf}kf/L eP/ . h/fdf a|Xdf, sf08df lji0f' / 6'Kkfdf lzjn] af; u/]sf x'G5g\ /] . /, t k|f0f k|lti7f u/fP/ k'H5g\ dfG5]x¿n] kLknnfO{

cd/ Hof]lt÷18

eujfg\sf] ¿kdf . ;8s cfPsf] 5}g / t cl:tTjd} 5g\, oxfFsf rf}kf/Lx¿ . cfˆg}

cfFvfn] b]Vbfb]Vb} slt rf}kf/Lx¿ pv]lnP . ;D´]F, cfˆg} ufpF -;]/f_sf] Tof] rf}tf/f] . sd cfgGb cfpFb}gYof] ToxfF a;]/ xfjf vfFbf . ToxfF 3fF;sf] ef/L la;fP/ nfdf] Zjf; km]Yof}{“ xfdL . ;8ssf] ljsf;;Fu} gfl;O{ uof] . of] klg t gfl;g s] a]/ / Û j/sf] xfFufx¿n] cfsfz 9fs]´}F lrGtfn] 9fSb} lyof], d]/f] dg .

z/L/sf] ef/L af]s]/ psflnFb} k'Uof}F, hok'/L -!,#)( ld6/_ sf] rf}kf/Ldf . Psflt/ ysfOn] nvt/fg, csf]{lt/ l/lQFb} uPsf] k]6 . ljBfyL{x¿sf] kL8f dx;'; ug{ ;lsGYof] . bxLsf] nflu k|Voft 7fpF /x]5 hok'/L . ;'Gtnf klg la5§} kmNbf]/x]5 . /, t oxfFsf dfG5]x¿ klg /l;nf x'Fbf/x]5g\, ;'Gtnfsf] /;h:t} . a6'jfnfO{ Ps/ft] bxLsf] ;fydf Ro'/f / ;'Gtnf /f]hL5f8L ePkl5 s] rflxof] / Û

d':s'/fO/x]sf lyP– klZrd lIflthdf 6fFl;Psf dgf:n', u0f]z lxdfn, nfª6fª / uf}/Lzª\s/ lxdz}n . c´} k/ b]lvGy] ndh'ª / cGgk"0f{ z[ª\vnf . lxdfnsf] k|]ldn xfF;f]n] dGqd'Uw lyof}F xfdL . d}n] ljBfyL{nfO{ lxdfnx¿sf] gfd atfPF PsPs u/L . s'gs'g lxdfnx¿sf] gfddf kbofqf rN5 eGg] s'/f klg hfgsf/L u/fPF . pgLx¿sf sltkosf lh1f;fx¿nfO{ klg d]6fOlbPF d}n] .

æufOh Û k] P6]G;g 6' lxd\ . ofh Pg PSk6{, o' Sofg ng{ c n6 k|md lxd\ .Æ ljBfyL{x¿sf] Wofg dlt/ lvrfpFb} lyP, /fhs'df/ ;/ . pgL rfxGYf] Ph's]zgn 6'/h:t} x'g'k5{, ‘Ph's]zgn 6'/’ .

lxdfnsf r'r'/f]b]lv l:dt kxf8sf s];|fs];|f s]nfpg yfn] gogx¿n] . b[li6 km}lnof] dxfef/t kj{t z[ª\vnfsf vf]Frx¿;Dd} . j;Gtsf] df};dÙ ;j{q xl/ofnL . km'ln/x]sf lyP ljleGg k|hfltsf km"nx¿ . dGb xfjfdf dw'/ ;ª\uLt eb}{ lyP nfFs'/Lsf kftx¿ . a}F; sf]/Nb} lyP sf]OnLsf hf]8L . ;'d;'DofpFb} lyP ls;fg bfh'efOx¿ t/]nL k/]sf af/Lsf kf6fx¿nfO{ . /, 5'Gd'gfO/x]sf lyP gfgLx¿ ljBfnosf] rp/df . Ps ;] Ps ;'Gb/ lyP b[Zox¿ . af]6el/ n6/Dd kmn]sf ;'Gtnfsf kx]Fnk'/ /ªn] ufpFnfO{ g} hfHjNodfg agfOlbPsf] 5 . To;f] t k|;Ggtfsf] /ª klg xf] kx]Fnf] . k|s[lt /dfPsf] 7fpFdf dfG5] k'u]kl5 g/dfpg] s'/} ePg . cl3 psfnf]sf] ;s;n] jfSo a;]sfx¿n] klg xfF;f]sf] kmf]x/f 5'6fpg yfn] . lxdfnx¿sf] nx/ b]Vbf ltgn] l;s] xf]nfg\ :jfledfgsf] kf7 .

r'gf}tLsf] kxf8 l5rf]Ng c´} afFsL 5 . sf]6ufpF / df/eGHofªsf a:tLx¿ l5rf]Nb} k'Uof}F xfQLafª . xfQLafª xfd|} k|tLIffdf lyof], :jfut¿kL xftx¿ lnP/ . lbgel/ cfuf] cf]s]ln/x]sf] 3fd klg lrl;O;s]sf] lyof]] ToxfF k'Ubf .

l;/fOr'nLsf] åf/ xf]– xfQLafª . afGsL k/]sf] kxf8n] Rofk]sf] 5

cd/ Hof]lt÷19

o;nfO{ . o;n] cf>o lbPsf] 5– lu/L, k'/L, du/ / r]kfª hfltnfO{ . nf]kf]Gd'v hflt xf]– r]kfª . hDdf bz w'/L r]kfª /x]5g\ oxfF . r]kfª efiffdf 9'ª\ufnfO{ ‘afª’ elgG5 . xfQLsf] h:tf] kfOnf ePsf] 9'ª\uf ePsfn] Tof] 7fpFnfO{ ‘xfQLafª’ elgPsf] /] . oxL s'/f atfPF d}n] ;xofqLx¿nfO{ . ´§ x]bf{ kN6]nf´}F nfU5 t/ cflbd sfnb]lv kxf8sf] 5]pdf cl8Psf] cl8o} 5, Tof] a8]dfgsf] r§fg .

xf]d:6]sf] cjwf/0ff cfpg'cl3 klg oxfF l56k'6 ljb]zL ko{6s gcfPsf xf]Ogg\ . Psfw 6«]lsª sDkgLn] SoflDkª 6«]lsª u/fpFy] . ko{6s b]Vy] t/ ko{6g Joj;fosf] dx;'; ug{ kfPsf lyPgg\ xfQLafªjf;Ln] . ev{/}dfq xf]– 6Lcf/kLPkLsf] cf]bfgdf xfQLafªn] xf]d:6]sf] s;f}F8L a;fNg kfPsf] . kfx'gfx¿nfO{ cfltYo ;Tsf/ k:sg l;Sb} 5 xfQLafª . 6Lcf/kLPkLn] sDo'lg6L xfp; klg agfOlbPsf] 5 t/ ;~rfngdf cfpg ;s]sf] 5}g . åGåsf sf/0f l;ª\uf] ko{6g g} k|efljt eO/x]sf] a]nf 6Lcf/kLPkLsf] of]hgf st} ‘jL/ansf] lvr8L’ eg]h:tf] x'g] t xf]Og Û WofgdUg lyPF d .

s'g xf]d:6]df slt hgf a:g] eGg] s'/fsf] rfFhf] ldnfP ltns /fgf du/n] . bz j6f xf]d:6]df afFl8of}F xfdL . ;'Tgsf nflu xf]d:6] eP klg vfg] Joj:yf eg] ;Fu} hf]l8Psf] ltns / uDeL/ /fgfdu/sf] 3/df lyof] .

æx] ufOh Û o' cf/ k|mL km/ xfkm Pg cfj/ . o' ;'8 sdAofd lxo/ of6 l;S; cf] Sns ;fk{ .Æ cf1f eof] /fhs'df/ ;/sf]Ù cfcfˆgf xf]d:6] tfSb} u/]sf ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ .

r]kfª hfltsf] af/]df a'‰g /f}l;Psf] d ;f}efUoj; r]kfªs} 3/df k/]5'– lgd{n r]kfªsf] . xfQLafªsf bz j6f xf]d:6]dWo] r]kfªsf] xf]d:6] Pp6}dfq ToxL /x]5 . Pp6f ld7f] ;+of]u lyof] Tof] . pgn] dnfO{ 3/;Dd k'¥ofP / cltlysf nflu 5'§ØfPsf] sf]7f lbP .

3/ lyof]— ufpFsf] k'5f/df . afb{nL;lxtsf] ;fgf] b'O{ tn] 3/ . 3/cufl8 s]/fkft] km"n / y'Fu] ;okqL km'ln/x]sf . bnfgsf] 8F8fNgLel/ ds}sf ´'Qfx¿ ́ 'G8\ofOPsf . cfFugdf 5'Gd'gfO/x]sf lyP, lgd{nsf e'/fe'/Lx¿ . 9'ª\uf / df6fsf]] eP klg lnkkf]t u/]/ ;kmf ;'U3/ /flvPsf] 5 3/nfO{ . lkF9Lsf] s'gfdf a'Gbfa'Gb}sf] 8f]sf] 5 . sf]7fleq leQfdf P]gf ´'G8\ofOPsf] 5 . 6]andf sfOFof] / a]8df ?dfn /flvPsf] 5 . Pshf]/ rKkn klg /flvPsf] 5 . ePsf] Pp6f sf]7f dnfO{ lbPkl5 pgLx¿ sxfF ;'Tnfg\ t < s't"xntf hfUof] dnfO{ .

;f]w]F, ætkfO{+x¿rflxF sxfF ;'Tg'x'G5 t <Æ æd´]/L, afb{nL . xfdL t ldn]/ ;'ltxfN5f}F lg .Æyk ;+jfb u/]F d}n] pgLl;t– æslt 5g\ aRrfaRrf <Æ

cd/ Hof]lt÷20

ærf/ 5f]/L / b'O{ 5f]/f .Ææ:s'n hfG5g\ t aRrfx¿ <ÆæhfG5g\ . 7"nLrflxF rf/df k9\b} 5] .Ææcsf]{ r]kfª a:tL sxfF 5 <ÆæsfGbf / Hofgbfnfdf . Hofgbfnf t glhs} 5 t/ sfGbf ufpF rflxF

lrtjgsf] clt ljs6df k5{ .ÆæpgLx¿sf] lbgrof{ s:tf] x'G5 <Æ d]/f] pT;'stf .ævf]l/ofdf kmNg] sf]bf] / ds}n] 5 dlxgf klg vfg k'Ub}g . hª\undf

lu7f, Eofs'/ gvf]hL x'Fb}g . b'Mvsf] aofg u/]/ ;fWo 5}g ;/ .Æ ælrof vfpFm x} ;/ ÛÆ lkF9Ldf u'Gb|L cf]5\ofpFb} k|:tfj /fv] lgd{nn] .pgn] >LdtLnfO{ lrof agfpg nufP / pgL cfkm"rflxF cfwf a'g]sf]

8f]sf]df xft nufP . s:tf] sldnfh:t} ldlxg]tL Ûr]kfª hfltsf af/]df yk hfgsf/L lng] lyof] df}sf lyof] d]/f nflu .

b}lgs hLjg–k4lt / ;+:sf/sf] af/]df w]/} s'/fx¿ atfP pgn] dnfO{ .slt /fd|f] ;d´bf/L r]kfª kl/jf/df . nf]Ug]dfG5]x¿ hª\undf lzsf/

ug]{ / sGbd"n vf]h]/ Nofpg], clg :jf:gLdfG5]x¿rflxF 3/sf] sfd ug]{ / ksfOt'NofO ug]{ . ;a}sf] cfcfˆg} cleef/f . a]n'sfsf] vfglkgkl5 gfrufg klg ug{] .

lgoltn] eL/ vf];|]/ hLjg lxF8fpg kg]{] eP klg v';L / ;'vL hLjg afFRbf/x]5g\ pgLx¿ .

x'g t v';L /xg ;Sg' g} hLjgsf] ;fy{stf xf] . t/, oL ;a} afWotfaf6 slxn] 5'6\sf/f kfpnfg\ logn] < r'Nxf] afNg kfpFb}gg\, hf8f]df gfª\u} /ft sf6\g'k5{ . cf]vtL t cfsfzsf] kmn´}F xf] pgLx¿sf nflu . slt;Dd lg/Lx hLjg afFRg'kg]{ xf] logn] Û slNkFbfslNkFb} ef/L eof], d]/f] dg .

;fF´ 9n]kl5 6'sL ;NsfP lgd{nn] . la:tf/} lklNknfpg yfn] 6'sL aQLx¿ ufpFel/ . PSsfO{;f}F ztfAbLdf cfOk'Ubf klg xfQLafªn] lah'nLsf] pHofnf] b]Vg kfPsf] 5}g . /, klg cfzfjfbL 5g\ pgL xfQLafªdf lah'nL cfpF5 eGg]df .

æoL gfgL klg r]kfªs} 5f]/L x'g\ . afpcfdfn] rf}w jif{d} lax] ul/lbPsf .Æ ltns lu/Lsf] 3/ hfFb} ubf{ lk7o'Fdf aRrf af]s]/ ´b}{ u/]sL Pp6L s]6LnfO{ b]vfpFb} pgn] eg] .

æyfxf 5 ;/ Û afpcfdfn] lax]sf] bfOhf]sf] ¿kdf Ro'/Lsf] af]6 lbG5g\ . ;Sg]n] l;ª\u} af]6 / g;Sg]n] Pp6f xfFufdfq .Æ

Ro'/L Ps ax'kof]uL jg:klt . Pscsf{sf] kof{o x'g\– r]kfª / Ro'/L .

cd/ Hof]lt÷21

elgG5– ‘hxfF r]kfª a:tL 5, ToxfF Ro'/Laf]6 x'G5’ . Ro'/Lsf] af]6;Fu ljz]if ;f+:s[lts dxŒj klg ufFl;Psf] x'G5Ù r]kfª hfltsf] . r]nLx¿sf] lax]df Ro'/Lsf] af]6 bfOhf] lbg}kg]{ r]kfª ;d'bfosf] k'/fgf] k/Dk/f xf] .

sdhf]/ cfly{s cj:yfsf] sf/0fn] c¿ s'/f lbg g;s]/ lrp/Lsf] af]6 lbPh:tf] nfu] klg k|s[ltl;t ;fdLKotfsf] sf/0f k|s[ltk|ltsf] k]|d xf] eG7fG5' d pgLx¿sf] of] ;+:sf/nfO{ .

lkF9Lsf] l8ndf hn]sf] k]6«f]DofS;n] pHofnf] 5l//x]sf] lyof], 5 ah] ltns lu/Lsf] 3/ k'Ubf . l5gl5gdf bd lbO/xGy] ltns . cfFugdf cf]R5\ofOPsf] ;'s'ndf a:of}F xfdL . xfQLafªdf rn]sf] lr;f] l;/]6f]n] l7lx¥ofpFb} lyof], lz/b]lv kfp;Dd . lbpF;f] udL{ eP klg a]n'sf lr;f]n] eg] d'6' g} 5'g] .

of] 7fpFdf 6'/ u/fpg] ;Nnfx d]/} sDkgLn] g} lbPsf] lyof] SofynfO{ . dnfO{ ;s;s nflu/x]sf] lyof]— pgLx¿nfO{ s:tf] dx;'; eO/x]sf] 5 eg]/ .

æs:tf] nfUof] t cfhsf] kbofqf <Æ s'/f sf]6\ofPF d}n] cflzif\ ;/l;t . tftf] eft gcfpGh]n ;do latfpg] d]nf] klg lyof] Tof] .

æ/dfOnf] nfUof] . k|s[ltsf /ªx¿df /ª\lug kfof}F . oxfFsf] e"uf]n, xfjfkfgL, hghLjg, /xg;xg ;+:s[ltsf af/]df hfGg] df}sf kfof}F . ljBfyL{x¿sf nflu t 7"nf] s'/f xf] . ko{6sLo ;DefJotf af]s]sf] gofF uGtJo ePsfn] Ph's]zgn 6'/sf] nflu ;xL 7fpF l;kmfl/; ug{'eof] eGg] nfu]sf] 5 .Æ ;sf/fTds hjfkm lyof] pgsf] .

pxL wf/0ff lyof], /fhs'df/ ;/sf] klg . pgn] eg]— æO6 Sofg aL c lk|ldod k|f]8S6 .Æ

xftdf v}Fh8L lnP/ cfOk'u] kfFr–;ft hgf a"9fkfsfx¿ . d}n] tL kfsf dfG5]l;t ;f]w]F– æcfh ehg ufpg] sfo{qmd 5 ls s] xf] <Æ

æxf] lg Û kfx'gf ag]/ cfpg'ePsf] 5 . dgf]/~hg t u/fpg} k¥of] lg .Æ /l;s kf/fdf pgn] eg] .

cfFugdf hDdf eP ufpFn]x¿ . /f]bL3/ aGof] ltnssf] cfFug . ;fgf] 5Fbf xfd|f] ufpF3/df gf/fo0f k"hf / g'jfsf]6sf] hfqfdf v}Fh8L ehg v"a} hDg] uYof]{ . /;'jfsf ehg u'? slknd0fL kf}8]nn] ufPsf] ehgsf] ofb cfof] M

…x] /fd Û x] /fd Û eflu/yLdf P x]/ nf} eflu/yLdf, ;'gsf] tf]nf, /fdsf] 3f]8f eflu/yLdf=================Údª\unfr/0f ufP/dfq v}Fh8L ehg ufpg] qmd cl3 a9\5 . eujfg\

u0f]z, ;/:jtL;lxt cGo b]jLb]jtfsf] cf/fwgf u/L ehg ;'? ul/G5 . ehg eGg klxnf t /fdfo0f, s[i0f rl/q, b]jL efujt / :j:yfgLsf] sxfgL hfGg'k5{ .

cd/ Hof]lt÷22

;'g]sf] lyPF– ehgdf s[i0frl/q, /fdfo0f cflbdf 7'cf v]lnG5 eg]/ . Pp6fn] ;'? u/]sf] ;'Gb/sf08sf] l;nf]snfO{ gc8\sLsg} k"/f ug{'k5{, c8\lsP/ csf]{ l;nf]s eGg yfn]df p;sf] xf/ x'G5 . crDd} 5— ehgdf klg bf]xf]/L Û oxL xf] g]kfnsf] nf]s ;+:s[ltsf] j}lzi6\o .

pgLx¿sf] 6f]nL g]tf aLrdf / c¿ uf]nfsf/ eO{ pleP . 6f]nL g]tfn] ‘gf/fo0f’ eGb} 5f8]sf kª\lQmnfO{ …/fd== /fd== /fd===Ú eGb} l6k]/ v}Fh8L ahfpFb} g[To ug{ yfn] v'§f dsf{Odsf{O{, sDd/ dsf{Odsf{O{ . ;fFlRrs} hDof] ehg .

e6\ofP– æcfheGbf, ef]lneGbf cf7 jif{sf] pd]/ eof] . a|XdfhLsf gflt x'gfn]

j|taGwflb r"8fsd{ ;f/f sd{ d} ulb{G5' eGg] pxfFsf] ;ª\sNk ePsf] x'gfn] x/]/fd, /fd, /fd Û j|taGwdf t ;a}nfO{ lgDtf ug{'k5{ /] Û cfh jfdg cjtf/ eujfg\sf] j|taGw ug]{ eg]/ ptflt/======Û

gf/fo0f Û xl/xl/ ÛvNan 7"nf] ef] xf]== xf]== xf]== ÛvNan 7"nf] ef] Ûx/]/fd vNan 7"nf] ef] Ûxf] xf] vNan 7"nf] ef] Û;f/f zx/df d'n'se/df vNan 7"nf] ef] xf]== xf]== Û;f/f zx/df d'n'se/df vNan 7"nf] ef] Ûgf/fo0f Û xl/ xl/ ÛÆjfdg cjtf/sf] ehg of] . >Ldb\efujt dxfk'/f0fsf] ci6d\ :sGwsf]

/] . bfgjsf /fhf alnn] eujfg\ jfdg cjtf/nfO{ tLg kfp hUuf bfg lbg] qmddf kftfn efl;g' k/]sf] syfl;t ;DalGwt 5 of] .

ef]ln laxfg rf/ ah] g} ;'? ug{' lyof] l;/fOr'nLsf] cf/f]x0f . /dfOnf] x'Fbfx'Fb} gfrufg 5f8]/ 5'l§of}F oxL cfFugdf e]6\g] u/L .

l;/fOr'nL r'Dbfæsd cg 6fOd Û cb/jfOh o' ljn Xofe 6' ld; 6'd/f]h ;g/fOh .Æ

lxhf] a]n'sfsf] pbL{ lyof] /fhs'df/ ;/sf] .pgs} d'tflas pkl:yt eO;s]sf lyP ljBfyL{x¿ . st} /fhs'df/

;/eGbf l9nf x'G5' ls eGg] qf; lyof] ddf . To;}n] t tLg ah] g} lgb|fn] 5\ofª\ª} 5fl8;s]sf] lyof] dnfO{ . t}–t} pgLeGbf Ps kfOnf l5§} k'u]5' . gq s] 7fGy] xf]nfg\ pgn] Û

cFWof/f] 5, r's 3f]K6\ofPh:t} . xftxftdf 6r{nfO6 5 ;a}sf] .

cd/ Hof]lt÷23

cGwsf/ lrb}{ 6f]nL nfUof] l;/fOr'nLsf] psfnf]df . ;"of]{bo x]g]{ pT;fxn] tfGb} lyof] ljBfyL{x¿ . gofF e"uf]n k9\g] x'6x'6L pgLx¿sf] . :jod\s}} cfFvf / ;kgfsf] xf]8afhL klg lyof] Tof] .

:yfgLo kyk|bz{s ltns lu/Ln] ;fy lbPsf 5g\ oltv]/ . gofF kfpnf xfn]/ ;fF3'/f] uf]/]6f]nfO{ 9kSs} 9fs]sf a'6\ofgx¿nfO{ kG5fpFb} af6f] b]vfO/x]5g\ pgL . pgL gx'Fbf x'g\ t Tof] cFWof/f]df dnfO{ xDd]xDd] kYof]{ Tof] dfgj–tfFtL ;DxfNg .

ækm]l/km]l/ cfpFbf dnfO{ a]n}df kmf]g ug{';\ x} bfh} Û lrGtf ug'{kb}{g, d ;a} Joj:yf ldnfpF5' oxfFsf] .Æ xfQLafªdf 6'l/hdsf] 38f ;hfP/ kfx'gfx¿nfO{ cfltYosf] 9f]sf p3fg]{ /x/ hfu]sf] 5 ltnsdf . ;f]r /fd|f] xf] pgsf] . gq ltns / ltnsh:t} dfG5]x¿ geP l;/fOr'nL / lghL If]qsf aLrdf ;]t'sf] sfd s;n] ul/lbG5 < cfltYol;t ;DalGwt Joj;fo xf]Ù :yfgLo ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿ ;lqmo geP lghL If]qsf] k|of; Joy{ x'G5 . …ko{6gsf nflu ;Fu;Fu}Ú eg]sf] oxL xf] .

sl/a 8]9 3G6fsf] cf/f]x0fkl5 kfOnfx¿n] r'Dof] l;/fOr'nL . lrtjg lhNnfsf] ;a}eGbf cUnf] e"ld xf]– l;/fOr'nL . ut;fn dfq}}

6Lcf/kLPkLn] lghL If]qnfO{ NofP/ o;sf] sf}dfo{ tf]8fPsf] . ca lghL If]q / l;/fOr'nLsf] k|]d 6'6\g'x'Fb}g . To;f] t l;/fOr'nLl;t Sofysf] e]6sf] tf/tDo klg lghL If]qs} k|of;d} ePsf] xf] . ;DejtM of] bf];|f] 7"nf] eL8 lyof] l;/fOr'nL kbfk{0f ug]{ .

æcfxf, Sof dHHff 7fpF x} ÛÆ cfgGbfg'e"lt ub}{ ljBfyL{x¿ . æ;"of]{bo x'g c´} kGw| ldg]6 afFsL /x]5 .Æ 38L x]b}{ cflzif\ ;/ . æjL l88 O6 cg 6fOd .Æ k|;Gg x'Fb} lyP /fhs'df/ ;/ .æ;do laTg a]/} nfUb}g, l5§} ctLt aGb} 5 xfd|f] ofqf .Æ efjgfdf

8'Ab} lyPF d .l;/fOr'nLdflysf] ljhodf v';L ;f6f;f6 u/] ljBfyL{x¿n] . ofqfsf]

pTsif{ lyof] Tof] If0f . ;vf/} olt w]/} v';L x'g kfpg] cj;/ hLjgdf la/n} ldN5 dfG5]nfO{ . laxfgL 8fSg yfn] pgLx¿n] . la:tf/} k"j{ lIflthdf /lQmd l;sf{ lkmFlhg yfNof] . 3fdsf ls/0fx¿n] la:tf/} ph]lng yfNof] wtL{ . x]bf{x]b}{ 3fdn] d'xf/ b]vfof] . 5tf5'Nn eof] 3fdsf] nfnLÙ k"j{sf] uf}/Lzª\s/b]lv klZrdsf lxd–z[ªvnfx¿;Dd} . lxhf] b]lvPsf lxdfnx¿n] ¿k km]/] . ́ ndNn eof] ;f/f wtL{ . l;/fOr'nLdf n'6k'l6of] 3fdsf] gjLg ls/0fÙ xfdL l;/fOr'nLdf n'6k'l6of}F / n'6k'l6O/Xof}F lgs}a]/;Dd .

cfkm}Fdf eJo 5 l;/fOr'nL . oxfFaf6 b]lvg] e"uf]nx¿ ´g} eJo .

cd/ Hof]lt÷24

df};dn] ;fy lbPsf] Tof] kn b]lvP– /lQmd lxdfn, xl/of j:q nk]6]sf kxf8 / t/fO{sf ljzfn kmfF6x¿ . 3fdsf] klxnf] ls/0f;Fu} nhfpg yfn] nfnLu'/fF;, dw'/ cfjfhdf lr/la/fpg yfn] r/fx¿ u'F8af6 lg:s]/ .

3fdsf] /ª, cfsfzsf] /ª, wtL{sf] /ª, lxdfnsf] lxp Fsf ] /ª, j;Gtdf km ' ln/x ]sf km "nx¿sf ] /ª / c¿ cgluGtL /ªx¿ . k|fs[lts ;f}Gbo{sf] ct'ngLo ld>0f . k|s[ltsf] sf]nfhleq lyof}F xfdL . la5§} v';Lsf] kn lyof] Tof] .

;'g]sf] lyPF– ‘gd/L :ju{ b]lvGg’ eg]/ . e|ddfq xf] ls eGg] nfUof] of] syg . cfkm}FnfO{ ;f]w]F– d}n] b]lv/x]sf] rflxF ;fFRr} s] xf] t < ;f]rdUg ePF d . o:tf] nfUof]– s]jn >'tfg'>'t dfq xf] :ju{Ù d}n] h] b]lv/x]sf] 5' oxL xf] oyfy{ .

ìì

sfnfDd] laxfgL

3fdsf] kfª\u|f] u'8\b} cfof] cfsfzdfkf]lnFbf] /fk 5 a]hf]8sf]/ftf], kx]Fnf] t]h cgfof; Kfl/jt{g e} sfnfDd] laxfgLdflIflthsf] slnnf]kgf cnk eO{x7ft lg:k§ cGwsf/ .

b]lvP ;]tf k/]jf sf}jfh:tf Aff;]sf] 5}g 8fFkm]5'l§Gg l;ld|s xf] of df];f] ;]tf lxdfn s]jn sfnf kxf8emF}uf]7df ufO{sf] k'R5/n]Kof6Kof6 nfdv'§] wkfPsf] cfjfh u'/fF;sf y'Fufdf uf}0f ef] ;'jf;nf6f]sf];]/f] / rd]/fx¿sf] km6km6fx6 a:tL /flqsf] e|de} lgb|fdf d:tt/, sN;fpFbf] /ftdf /dfpg] bª\Uofxfx¿ lgn{Hh gfRbf 5g\, bu'{bf 5g\ s'lbgsf sNkgfsf/x¿ st'{tdf nLg 5g\ .

;'if'Kt ;'jL/ xf] Ûga; l;jfo sfnf] laxfgL cGtsf] sfdgfdf ;'gf}nf laxfgLsf] k|tLIffdf hfu sd{jL/ xf] Ûkm]l/ slxNo} glgbfpg] u/L hfu ÛÛìì

k|sfz cfrfo{

sljtf

cd/ Hof]lt÷25

/fdsf]6sf] /f}gs / tgx'Fsf] tGdotf

ef]lnkN6 ;vf/} Ao'F´]/ b}nf]–s;]/ ul/;s]sf lyP /fdsf]6jf;Ln] . c¿ lbgeGbf l5§} cfˆgf ;a} lgTosd{ k"/f u/]/ ;fd"lxs sfddf pkl:ylt b]vfO;s]sf lyP pgLx¿n] Tof] laxfg . ufpFsf o'jfx¿ ljb]lzPsf 5g\ . hgzlQmsf] cefj 5 /fdsf]6df . t}klg cfof]hgf lkmtnf] gxf];\ eg]/ ;fjwfg /x]sL laxL;/fh:t} ;lqmo b]lvGy]– cfOtdfof, ;f]d;/L, dª\unL, a'wL, z'sdfof / zlg;/fx¿ . Psfu| eP/ cfcfˆgf lhDd]jf/L k"/f ub}{ lyP pgLx¿ . x]g{nfos lyof], cfˆg} j]ze"iffdf ;lhPsf pgLx¿sf] km¥ofskm'?s . ko{6gsf] pHofnf]sf] cfzfsf ls/0fn] ph]lnPsf lyPÙ pgLx¿sf] d'xf/ . cfz'tf]ifsf] bf}8w'ksf] jfjh'b lgwf{l/t ;dodf sljtfuf]i7L ;'? x'g ;ls/x]sf] lyPg .

sfo{qmd ;s]/ vfgf vfg]lalQs} b'O{ 3G6fsf] k}bnofqf ug{' 5 . aGbLk'/ k'Ug'k5{, sf7df8f}F kms{g] a; e]6\g . gf}aL;]b]lv snª\sL;Ddsf] 6«flkms hfd ;D´Fb} k6\of/ nfU5 . 3/ k'Ubf slt aHg] xf] Û lrGtfsf] v08u|f; kl/;s]sf] lyof] dgdf . sfo{qmd l56f] ;'? eOlbP x'GYof] eGg] sfdgf ul//x]sf] lyPF d .

klZrdsf lxdlzv/x¿df kf]ltg yfn] ;f}o{ /lZd, zg}Mzg} . otf 8ª\sg] 8fF8fsf] lz/df klg /lQmd cfef r'lnof] . 8ª\sg]n] ;"of]{bosf] b[ZonfO{ 5]s] klg k|To]ssf] Åbodf ;~rf/ x'Fb} lyof] pHofnf] . sNkgf ub}{ lyPF– ;xh uf]/]6f] af6f] ePsf] eP ldld{/]d} 8ª\sg] 8fF8f] r9]/ 8ª\sg]dfly gk'Ub}sf] ;'Gb/ 3fd uf]r/ ubf{ slt dHhf x'GYof] xf]nf Û c´ ToxLFaf6 Kof/fUnfOl8ª ug{ kfP Û

xf]d:6]sf] cfFugdf pleP/ b[Zox¿ x]b}{ ubf{ b]zk|]d / uf}/j 5rlNsg yfNof] dleq . x7ft\ rndnfpg yfn] d]/f cf]7– ‘g]kfn cfdf, d]/f] Kof/f] wtL{ / of] cfsif{s ko{6sLo uGtJo ÛÚ nfUYof], ev{/dfq ko{6g Joj;fosf]

dfwj l3ld/] ’c6n“

lgofqf

cd/ Hof]lt÷26

cjwf/0ff a;]sf] /fdsf]6jf;Ldf v';L km'ln/x]sf] 5 . xtkt Sofd]/fdf lgIf]k u/]F] v';L kmlqmPsf] Tof] e"uf]nsf] rdsnfO{ . /, To;}To;} /f]dfl~rt ePF d .

ko{6gsf nflu ;flxTo‘ko{6gsf nflu ;flxTo’ gf/f;lxtsf] ‘/fdsf]6–aGbLk'/ ;flxToofqf

@)&%’ lnlvt Aofg/;lxtsf] a; tof/L cj:yfdf lyof], ;f]x«v'§]df . cfdlGqtx¿ cfOk'lu;Sbf klg cfof]hs ;+:yfsf sltko ;fyLx¿ cfOk'lu;s]sf lyPgg\ . k"j{ lgwf{l/t sfo{qmdcg';f/ b'O{ 3G6f ljnDa eO;s]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmd ;+of]hs /fh]Gb|dfg 8ª\uf]n eGb} lyP– æs;nfO{ s] kf] eGg' / Û ;dosf] dxŒj ga'‰g' t xfd|f ;fyLx¿sf] df}lnstf g} xf] ÛÆ

cfof]hs eP/ klg l9nf;':tL u/]sf] b]Vbf pgL leqleq} d'd{'l//x]sf] k|tLt x'GYof] . cfdlGqt slj, ;flxTosf/ Pjd\ kqsf/sf] 6f]nL k|:yfg ubf{ laxfg *M)) alh;s]sf] lyof]] .

‘ko{6gsf nflu ;flxTo .Ú cfxf, slt /fd|f] gf/f lqz"nL jfª\do k|lti7fgsf] Û ko{6g / ;flxTonfO{ Pp6} l;Ssfsf] b'O{ kf6f agfpg] Pp6f /fd|f] sfObf . Psflt/ g]kfnL ;flxTo e08f/ el/g] / csf]{lt/ g]kfnsf] ko{6g k|jå{gdf klg 6]jf k'Ug] . ;du|df b'j} If]qsf] plQs} k|j4{g klg x'g] . ko{6gsf nflu ;Fu;Fu} eg]s} oxL t xf] . k|fs[lts ;f}Gbo{df 8'a'NsL dfbf{ ;|i6fx¿df snfTds cleJolQmsf] :km'/0f eOlbG5 / To;sf] k|efj ;dfhdf kg{ hfG5 . s[lqdtfaf6 jfSs ePsf hf]–sf]xLnfO{ klg s'g} gofF 7fpFdf k'Ug] / Tof] 7fpFsf] jftfj/0fnfO{ /;f:jfbg ug]{ OR5f x'g] ePsf]n] s'g} 7fpF ljz]ifsf] jf:tljstfnfO{ aflx/ NofpFbf ;j{;fwf/0fdf klg Tof] 7fpFk|lt rf;f] a9\g ;S5 . ;|i6fsf] l;h{gfdf aofg ul/Psf k|fs[lts 56fx¿ x]g{ pQm 7fpF;Dd k'Ug ;S5g\ . o;y{ :ynut ;flxTo–n]vgaf6 ToxfFsf] k|fs[lts, P]ltxfl;s, ;f+:s[lts / wfld{s If]qsf af/]df ;flxTosf/x¿n] rnfPsf] sndn] uGtJo klxrfg ug{ lgZro g} dxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]N5 . ljleGg ljwfsf Ps a; ;h{sx¿sf] /fdsf]6 ;flxTo ofqfsf] pkfb]otf oxL lyof] .

cfz'tf]ifsf] cfltYolqz"nL jfª\do k|lti7fgsf] of] sfo{qmdnfO{ ;fy lbPsf] lyof],

/fdsf]6 ;fd'bflos xf]d:6]n] . k|fof]hs lyP, aGbLk'/ ufpFkflnsf / g]kfn ko{6g af]8{ . d'Vo kxnstf{ eg] lqz"nL jfª\dosf tTsfnLg dxf;lrj /fh]Gb|dfg 8Ëf]n . /fdsf]6nfO{ ko{6sLo uGtJosf] x}l;ot lbg] ;fy{s k|of; lyof], of] ofqf .

cd/ Hof]lt÷27

sf7df8f}F / aGbLk'/sf] ;Lwf b"/L %^ ls= ld dfq eP klg ;8ssf] nDafO eg] !@@ ls=ld= sf] 5 . g]kfnsf /fhdfu{ o;} klg Jo:t x'g], To;dfly klg 7fpF7fpFdf /f]lsP/ k|s[ltl;t ;fIffTsf/ ub}{ hfFbf aGbLk'/ k'Ug ;f9] rf/ 3G6f nfu]5 .

;xefuLx¿nfO{{ :jfut ug{ a;–:6]zgd} df}h'b lyP, cfz'tf]if k|wfg . pgL Pp6f pDbf xf]6n Joj;foL . aGbLk'/ cUof{lgs xf]dsf ;~rfns . sfo{qmdsf nflu lqz"nL jfª\do k|lti7fg / /fdsf]6sf ;+of]hs klg . dL7f] af]nLjrg . s;}sf] cfFvfdf gla´fpg] . cfltYo ;Tsf/ pgsf] Joj;fo . aGbLk'/sf] nGr pgs} ;f}hGo lyof] . ;xefuLx¿nfO{ cfz'tf]ifl;t kl/ro u/fpFb} /fh]Gb|dfgn] eg]– æpgLljgf of] ;flxlTos ofqf c;Dejk|foM lyof] .Æ

vfgfkl5 pg}n] aGbLk'/sf] cjnf]sg u/fOlbP . b'O{ ;o rfnL; jif{ k'/fgf] ahf/ . 3/sf agfj6 x]bf{ eQmk'/´}F

nfUg] . cfz'tf]ifn] hfgsf/L u/fP– æk[YjLgf/fo0f zfxn] eQmk'/ lht]kl5 ToxfFsf s]xL g]jf/x¿ efu]/ oxfF cfPsf lyP /] . pgLx¿n] g} a;fn]sf] a:tL xf] of] .Æ

x/]s 3/–3/ hf]8\g] P]ltxfl;s k]6LnfO{ h:tfsf] t:t} /flvPsf] 5 . ahf/aflx/ cfw'lgs ejg agfpg yflnPsf] eP klg k'/fgf] ahf/leqsf 3/x¿nfO{ k'/fg} z}nLdf /flvPsf] 5 .

/fdsf]6;Ddsf] k}bnofqf xfQLsf] cfs[lt´}F b]lvg] kxf8sf] sfvdf /x]sf] ;'Gb/, ;kmf / zfGt

aGbLk'/sf] e|d0fkZrft\ ;'? eof] /fdsf]6;Ddsf] kbofqf . cl;cf}F j;Gtdf k|j]z ug{ nflu;s]sf k|d'v cltly t'n;L lbj; eg] aGbLk'/ gu/kflnsfsf] uf8Ldf ;jf/ eP .

cfz'tf]ifn] eg], æpM Tof] y'Dsf;Dd dfq xf] psfnf], afFsL af6f] ;lhnf] 5, t];f]{ / tkf{oF cf]/fnf]dfq xf] /fdsf]6;Dd} . ;f9] b'O{ 3G6fhlt nfUnf .Æ

aGbLk'/ 5f8]/ pdª\sf kfOnf p7fof}F . /fdsf]6 k'Ug] pTs07fn] tflg/x]sf] lyof] xfdLnfO{ . cfz'tf]ifs} kfOnf k5\ofO/x]sf lyof}F . y'Dsfdf k'u]kl5 kms]{/ x]l/of] aGbLk'/sf] ;]/f]km]/f] / lxdfnL ;f}Gbo{ . ;a}sf] Wofg lvlrof] k|fs[lts ;f}Gbo{–l;sf{x¿df . klZrdtkm{ cGgk"0f{ / dgf:n' nufotsf lxdfnx¿sf] b[Zo . pQ]lht aGb} ;fu/ e]6\g pln{PsL sd{bf . nDk;f/ k/]sf] lnulnu] y'Dsf] . tn s5f/df 8'd|] ahf/ . Tof]eGbf dfly xl/of] /ªn] nk]l6Psf kxf8sf t/]nL . Tof]eGbf klg dfly dfgj a:tL Rofk]/ a;]sf] aGbLk'/ / xfdL lyof}F, aGbLk'/sf] prfOeGbf c´} dfly .

cd/ Hof]lt÷28

y'Dsfaf6 cufl8 a9]kl5 hglha|f]df ´'lG8/xg] Pp6f nf]suLt, u'Gu'gfpg yfn]F d –

ætn k¥of] 8'd|] ahf/, dfly k¥of] aGbLk'/s] 5 gfgL ltd|f] t lg ;'/ =====================Æof] hglha|f]sf] uLt xf] . ;dfhn] ufPsf] x'G5 / o;nfO{ arfpg]

lhDdf klg ;dfhs} x'G5 . o;sf] sn]j/df g]kfnL hLjg 5n{ª\lug] P]gf 5 . uLt ufP/ d}n]] uLtnfO{ g} arfpg] k|oTg ub}{ lyPF . t?0f jodf cfFvfsf] tL/n] xfg]/ d':sfgn] Ao'Ftfpg] pxL v]n v]Nbfsf] ofb kf] cfof] dnfO{, of] uLtsf] d"R5{gfn] . cfxf, slt dL7f]] ljut lyof] Tof] Û kfNofjgdf 3fF;–bfp/f ubf{ pg}n] ef/L k'¥ofOlbGyL dnfO{ . s'jfkfgL / xL/fvfgL kmfF6df ;Fu} ufO{afv|f r/fpFYof}F xfdL . d]nfkftdf xf];\ jf :s"n hfFbfÙ ;Fu} x'GYof}F . df]/L, slxn]sfxLF t la5§} l/;fpFyL . k"0f]{sf] h"gh:t} lyof], p;sf] d'xf/ . slt ;'Gb/ lyof] p;n] kfg]{ gv/f klg . ;'l/nf] cfjfhdf dfofn' /fu cnfKyL slxn]sfxLF . atf;sf] uLth:tf] lyof], p;sf] ;';]nL . ´/gfh:t} aUyL pm ;nn . nfhn] nqg] p;sf k/]nLsf] t s] s'/f ef]Ú/ Û

cNnf/] lk/tL nfpFbfsf] ljutdf lgs} a]/ 8'Ag k'u]5' . ;kgfh:t} nfUof] . dHhf cfpF5, ljutdf 8'Abf klg . slxn]sfxLF t nfU5– km]l/ ToxL ljutaf6 hLjg ;'? ug{ kfP s] uy]{“ xf]nf Û

kms]{/ x]/]F . ;xofqLx¿ lgs} k5fl8 kl/;s]sf lyP . d]/f] kfOnf k5\ofO/x]sf lyP /fh]Gb|dfgn] . k|foM uGyg ul//xg'kg]{ pgsf] af]NtL aGb eO/x]sf] lyof] . nfUof], ;fob pgL klg d]/}h:tf] ljutdf kf}8Fb} lyP xf]nfg\ . …s'g b'lgofFdf x'g'x'G5 <Ú eg]/ ;f]wF" ls h:tf] klg nfu]sf]] lyof] . t/, pgsf] Psfu|tf tf]8\g rflxgF .

a? pgL g} af]n]– æaGbLk'/] psfnL nfdf], d:of{ª\bL 8'ª\ufn] t/]/===== . tf/fb]jLn] ufPsf] of] uLt s;n] n]v]sf] yfxf 5 <ÆædjLlj zfxn] .Æ d}n] eg]F . Oltxf; eG5– w]/} cl3 8'd|]af6 aGbLk'/ k}bn cfpFbf n]v]sf lyP

pgn] of] uLt .km]l/ af]NtL aGb eof] /fh]Gb|dfgsf] . ;fob pgL cf]7 gvf]nL ufpFb}

lyP tL x/kmx¿ . tf/fb]jLsf] ;'dw'/ :j/nx/Ln] km]l/ lgs}a]/ k5\ofO/Xof] dnfO{ .

cd/ Hof]lt÷29

;fdfGo psfnf]kl5sf] af6f] ;a} ;lhnf] . slt ;lhnf] kbofqf Û ofqfsf] cfgGb lnO/x]sf lyof}F xfdL . x'g t ofqf ;bf;j{bf cfgGbbfos g} x'g'k5{ eGg] 5}g, g t ;f]r]h:tf] / vf]h]h:tf] g} . ofqfdf obfsbf kL8fsf ko/x¿ l3;fg{'k5{, slxn]sfxLF l5ofl5of x'g;S5 Åbosf s'gfsfKrf . lsGt' ofqfn] xfd|f] dfg;k6ndf kl/jt{g u5{, ug{'k5{ . ofqfn] duhdf cld6 5fk t 5f]8\5, 5f]8\5 g}, o;n] g;fg;fdf ulx/f] k|efj klg 5f]8\5 . cToGt} cd"No k|flKt x'G5, x/ofqfdf . Pp6f clj:d/0fLo ;+of]uafx]s s]xL lyPg, cfˆgf] l;h{gf ;'gfpg / /fdsf]6sf] /fdsxfgL ;'Gg nfnflot ;|i6fx¿sf] hDaf] 6f]nLsf] .

;a};a} cfcfˆg} tfnufF7Ldf lyof}F xfdL, Tof] ;f9] b'O{ 3G6fsf] kbofqfe/ . cfˆg} lsl;dn] cfgGb lnO/x]sf lyof}F . e"uf]nsf] df6f] 5fDg] t[i0ff d]6\b} lyP e}/jL 9'ª\ufgf / s[i0fls;' Gof}kfg] . dL7f] d':sfg 5b}{ lyP, lxdz}n x]l//x]sf lgofqfsf/ o'j/fh gofF3/] . lgofqf uef{wfg ul//x]sf] k|tLt x'GYof] pgnfO{ lgofNbf . ylst z/L/ l3;fl//x]´}F nfUy] kqsf/ clZjgL sf]O/fnf . Sofgef;df /fdsf]6 ptfg{ cft'/ b]lvGy], snfsf/ b]j]Gb| y'Ds]nL, 8f= /fds'df/ ef}sfhL / s]zj/fh vgfn . k|s[ltdf´ klg :jf:Yo lrGtfdf 8'a'NsL dfl/ g} /x] >Lxl/ km'ofFnn] . hxfF uP klg ;Gtfgsf] :ofxf/;';f/df nfUg} kg]{ lar/L nIdL ?Dafsf] rflxF cfˆg} afWotf .

æ5 lg==============ÛÆ y]uf];Fu} v"a ulkmP, Zofd/fh kf7s . cg]s jftf{nfkdf tlNng eO/x] s[i0fb]j l/dfn . p6k6\ofª ukmdf Jo:t lyP, /fd nf]xgL . sljtfsf] s}/g cf]sNg pTk|]l/t b]lvGy] slj cf/Pd\ 8ª\uf]n . o'jf hf]zsf ;fy sfJosd{df xf]ldPsf k|Hjn clwsf/L x'g\ jf lzj cfo{ . /ËsdL{ k'? nD;fn x'g\ jf ;bf;j{bf zfnLg nfUg] k|eftL ls/0f . lgw{Ss /rgf jfrg ug]{ lgeL{s /fodf´L x'g\ jf plt;f/f] 3'nldn geO;s]sf uLtf /]UdL / ;¿ kf]v/]nÙ ‘;Gtfg y/Ly/Lsf’ eg]´}F nfUy] .

csf]{lt/ Joj:yfkgd} Jo:t lyP 6f]nLg]tf /fh]Gb|dfg . lnPsf] lhDd]jf/L ;xL 9ª\un] k"/f ug}{k5{ pgnfO{ . st} ofqf clj:d/0fLo gxf]nf ls eGg]df lrlGtt lyP pgL .

xl/of] kxf8sf] 5xf/Ldf Ps l5g ;':tfP/ kfOnf p7fpFbf d;Fu} lyP, Sofd/fDofg cfbz{ dxt . cf]/fnf] nfUb} ubf{ /fdsf]6lt/af6} kmls{/x]sf Ps k'?if / rf/ dlxnf k|mfG;]nL ko{6sx¿l;t hDsfe]6 eof] .

af]nL ld;fpg] d]nf]:j¿k xfdLn] clejfbg u¥of}F pgLx¿nfO{ .;a}eGbf cufl8sL s]6LnfO{ ;f]w]F, æxfp Oh /fdsf]6 <Æ

cd/ Hof]lt÷30

æcDoflhª Û jL jfG6]8 6' :6] b]o/ a6\ lbo/ Oh gf] xf]6n .Æ pgn] elgg\ .

Ps} l5g ;+jfb u¥of}F xfdLn] . cGgk"0f{ a];SofDk kbofqf ;s]/ sf7df8f}F kms{g] qmddf ToxfF k'u]sf /x]5g\ pgLx¿ . b'O{ xKtfsf nflu cfPsf pgLx¿sf] ljbf tLg lbgdfq afFsL /x]5 . eGb} lyP– æjL OGhf]O8 6«]lsª Og g]kfn .Æ

d]/f nflu Pp6f ;+of]u lyof] Tof] . ljb]zLl;t e]63f6 / s'/fsfgL ug]{ cj;/ xDd];L h'6\b}g dnfO{ . ;Fu} a;]/ u|'k kmf]6f] klg lnof}F xfdLn] .

5'6\g'cl3 kmf]6f] lvr]kl5 Pp6Ln] cfˆg} efiffdf egL– æd]S;L ÛÆ cyf{t\ wGojfb Û pm cª\u|]hL ghfGg] /lx5] .

csL{n] egL, æ/feL b e' /qmFy] .Æ o;sf] cy{ /x]5– tkfO{“x¿nfO{ e]6]/ v';L nfUof] .

km]l/ csL{n] egL, æcf laofFtf] ÛÆ cyf{t\ km]l/ e]6f}nf Ûcª\u|]hL gaf]Ng] eP/ xf]nf . s]6faf6 s'g} k|ltlqmof cfPg . slt zfnLg / eb| Û d]/f] lgisif{ lyof]– ljb]zLx¿ /fd|f x'G5g\ .

k|mfG;]nLx¿sf] rlDsnf] d'xf/ cGgk"0f{ / dgf:n'´}F 6lNs/x] cfFvfdf . lxdfnsf] bk{0fdf ToxL tl:a/ b]lvof] w]/}a]/;Dd . pgLx¿n] ̂ ofFs]sf] d':sfg cfO/Xof] ememNsf] ag]/ . ;Demgfsf t/]nL;Fu lhl:sFb}–lhl:sFb} /fdsf]6 k'u]sf] kQ} ePg . 3fd klg c:tfrnsf] glhs k'lu;s]sf] lyof] Tolta]nf .

** j6f 3/w'/L ePsf] ;fgf] ufpF . 8ª\sg] 8fF8f] sfvdf cjl:yt du/ hfltdfqsf] a:tL . ;fgf / lrl6Ss k/]sf k/Dk/fut 3/x¿ . 9'ª\ufsf] 5fgf] / k|To]s 3/df afb{nL lgsflnPsf] . sf]xL 3/sf] ;+/rgf uf]n k/]sf] . cfFugsf] l8ndf vfFaf uf8]/ agfPsf] ds}sf] snfTds s'Go" / 5fgfel/ nl8/x]sf km;L{ / s'le08fn] lgs} zf]ef lbO/x]sf lyP . lgs} ;'Gb/ b]lvGYof] /fdsf]6 . d]/f] 7DofO lyof]– sf:sL lhNnfsf] 3fGb|'snfO{ u'?ª a:tLsf ¿kdf lrlgPem}F tgxF'sf] /fdsf]6nfO{ du/ a:tLsf ¿kdf / /fdsf]6nfO{ ‘du/ ;Dkbf ufpF’sf] ¿kdf lrgfpg ;lsG5 .

xfd|f] :jfutfy{ agfOPsf] lyof] :jfutåf/Ù / n]lvPsf] lyof]– ‘;flxTosf/x¿nfO{ /fdsf]6df :jfut 5 .’ :jfutåf/d} plePsf lyP :yfgLox¿, nfda4 eP/ . To;kl5 xfdLnfO{ ufpFsf] aLrsf] 3/df nluof] . ;'s'n / u'Gb|L cf]5\ofOPsf] lyof] cfFugdf . ;]n/f]6L bxL, dxL / kmnkm"nn] ;Tsf/ u/] pgLx¿n] . /fdsf]6jf;Ldf ev{/}dfq xf]d:6]sf] cjwf/0ff ljsf; ePsf] / xfnsf] cj:yfdf nueu !)–!% 3/df dfq xf]d:6]sf] ;'ljwf /x]5 .

cd/ Hof]lt÷31

xfd|f nflu cfz'tf]ifn] h;f]t;f] ;'Tg] 7fpFsf] k|aGw ldnfP . ufpFel/ 5l/of}F xfdL #@ hgf ;xofqLx¿ .

ToxfFsf] xf]d:6] ;~rfngsf nflu k"jf{wf/sf] :t/f]Gglt ug{ a9LeGbf a9L /fdsf]6jf;LnfO{ xf]d:6] Joj;fodf nfUg k|]l/t ug{'sf ;fy} xf]d:6] Joj:yfkg / kfslzIff;DaGwL cfwf/e"t tflndsf] lbg'kg]{ b]v]F d}n] .

/fdsf]6sf] a:tLaf6 b]lvg] ;"of{:t;lxtsf] ;'Gb/ lxdz[ª\vnfx¿sf] b[Zofjnf]sg u¥of}F xfdLn] . ufpFsf] cjnf]sgdf xfdLnfO{ ;fy lbO/x]sf lyP, ko{6g ;dfhsf cWoIf u'Kt e08f/Ln] . oxL d]nf]df pgn] eg], æ/fdsf]6af6 lrtjg:fDd / /fdsf]6af6} sf:sLsf] j]ugf; tfn;Ddsf] j}slNks kbdfu{ ;Dej ePsfn] tL 7fpFx¿df k'Ugsf nflu /fdsf]6 d"n 9f]sf xf] .Æ

ha ;GWof x'G5cFWof/f]n] pHofnf] lgn]kl5 rNof] ;'g;fg ;fFemsf] ;fd|fHo . k|f/De

eof] df?gL, r'8\sf / sf}/f cyf{t\ sfg/fxf -dlxnf jf k'?ifn] lgdGq0ff ug{'_, 8ª\sg] 8fF8fsf] l;ofFndf . o'jfjosf cfwf bh{g ufos / gt{sL kfx'gfsf] dgf]/~hgsf lglDt tfltP, en} lxdz}nn] lr:ofO/x]sf] l7lx/f]n] cfˆgf] zLtsf] cfj]u b]vfO;s]sf lyP . /ftsf] /f]df~rs cfgGbdf x/fof}F xfdL .

zLtn] s;}nfO{ s7\ofPg, hf8f]n] s;}nfO{ cTofPg lsgls ;f/f ;flxTosf/x¿ cfgGb lnO/x]sf lyP, h;/L xif{ljef]/ eP/ kf]lvPsL lyOg\ rfFbgL, b"/lIflthsf] kfl/kl§ . s;}sf] hfb'df nlÝPem}F k|tLt x'GYof] tdfd ;h{sju{ .

38Lsf] ;'O{n] csf]{ lbgsf] ;Í]t ubf{;Dd s;}sf cfFvfn] ;':tfpg vf]h]gg\ . /ft hfu]sf] a]nf hfu|fd lyof] ;|i6fsf] 8ˆkmf . zg}Mzg}M cfFvfn] lj>fd lng vf]h] . qmdzM ;|f]tfsf] eL8 nfvfkfvf x'g yfNof], csf]{ laxfgLsf] k|d'v sfo{qmddf ;xeflutf hgfpg'kg]{ x'gfn] . ck]Iff lyof], /ftkl5sf] ;'Gb/ laxfg / Tof] laxfgn] x'sf{pg] sd{zLn lbgsf] .

tgx'Fsf] kl/roTo;f] t x/]s :yfgsf gfd cg]s 36gf, kl/36gf jf ljlzi6tfdf

/flvPsf x'G5g\ . tgx'F klg o;sf] ckjfb x'g] s'/} ePg . of] lhNnfsf] To;a]nfsf] /fhwfgL tgx'F;'/df lrpF8f] ;fgf] ePsf -tg'xg' _ C[lifn] tk:of u/]sfn] pgs} gfd ;dosf] cGt/fndf cke|+z eO{ tgx'F /xg uPsf] xf] eGg] ts{ hlt dggLo nfU5, plt g} ljZj;gLo nfU5, p:t}vfn] csf]{ ts{ . Oltxf;;Ddt pQm ts{sf] bfjLcg';f/ tTsfnLg kfNkfnL rlr{t /fhf

cd/ Hof]lt÷32

d's'Gb;]gn] cfˆgf 5f]/fx¿nfO{ /fHo c+zaG8f ug]{ l;nl;nfdf ;flxFnf 5f]/f e[ËL ;]gnfO{ tgx'Fsf] e"uf]n efudf k/]sf] / ;g\ !(%& b]lv pgn] tgx'F;'/nfO{ /fhwfgLdf agfO{ /fHo u/]sf lyP . tgx'F;'/ j/k/sf 8fF8fsf tLg r'nLx¿, h;nfO{ /fHosf] ;'/Iff Joj:yf x]g{sf lglDt k|of]u ul/Psf] lyof]Ù nfO{ cfwf/ agfP/ ;+:s[t efiffdf …lqt'ªÚ cyf{t\ tLg j6f kxf8 elgof] . sfnfGt/df o;nfO{ tg'ª eGbfeGb} tgx'F /xg uof] . cem sltko ljåfg\sf] dtdf t xfnsf] tgx'Fsf] e"uf]nleq tdf]/ / tfldg gfds b'O{ j6f nf]slk|o ufpFx¿ /x]sf / ltg} gfd sfnfGt/df cke|+z eO{ of] lhNnfsf] gfds/0f tgx'F ePsf] xf] .

cd"No P]ltxfl;stf k|l;4 dxfef/t sfJosf

n]vs j]bJof;sf] hGde"ld tyf tkf]e"ld dflgg] tgx'F P]ltxfl;s, wfld{s, k|fs[lts / k'/ftflŒjs lx;fan] Pp6f dxŒjk"0f{ If]q xf] . z[ËL, e[u', Rojg, k/z'/fd, ;'sGofh:tf C[lifd'lgsf] tkf]e"ld /x]sf] of] If]q :jfefljs ¿kdf

hLjg uLt P slbg hAa/] cfk}Fm cfuf] eof] bfp/fsf] vfndf r9fP/ ;}n'ª\sL df]gfln;fnfO{

Xjf/Xjf/tL an]sf nKsfx¿af6lgSn]sf] rLTsf/n]cfsfz s'O/Ld08ndf kl/0ft eof]bfjfgn eof] p;sf] wtL{ /, ;Fu;Fu} /f]of]pm klgcfˆg} ;f}Gbo{ ;+zfwgsf]jflGsnf] cfs[ltleq

d]nf]l8o;hLjgsf] gfbnfO{s06sdocfnfkl;t clgTodf lgTo t'NofP/ . ìì

/fwf sfsL{

sljtf

nf]slk|o x'g] g} eof] . of] t wfld{s / k'/ftflŒjs s'/f eof] . ef}uf]lns ¿kdf ;d]t tgx'Fsf] k|l;l4nfO{ sd cfFSg ;lsGg . @,#@% ld6/ prfOsf] l5Ds]Zj/L 8fF8f]nfO{ lz/ agfPsf] tgx'Fdf sf]6yfd, /fO{k'/sf]6, ldn{'Íf]6, rf]s, tgx'F;'/, aGbLk'/h:tf r'nLx¿ 5g\ eg] v}/]gL6f/, ;]/f6f/, s]zj6f/, lxn]6f/, eG;f/6f/, kt]gL6f/h:tf km/flsnf 6f/x¿ cjl:yt 5g\ . To;/L g} Jof; u'kmf, l;4 u'kmf, k/fz/ u'kmf, ;tL u'kmf, cgGt u'kmf, zLQn u'kmf / ldn]lgod u'kmf /x]sf] tgx'Fn] cfGtl/s / afXo ko{6s leœofpg] kof{Kt ;Defjgf af]s]sf] 5 .

cd/ Hof]lt÷33

aGbLk'/sf] j[QfGt kxf8sL /fgLsf] ljlzi6 kl/ro agfPsf] aGbLk'/ Pp6f o:tf]

/d0fLo 6fs'/f] xf]Ù hxfF gk'Ug]n] lhGbuLdf s'g} sLdlt ;DklQ u'dfPsf] dx;'; u5{ . !,)#) ld6/ prfOdf cjl:yt aGbLk'/ tgx'Fsf] ;b/d'sfd klg lyof], @)@% ;fndf bdf}nLdf ;g{'cl3 . oxfFaf6 cGgk"0f{, wf}nflul/, dgf:n', u0f]z lxdz[ª\vnf, nfª6fª / uf}/Lzª\s/ nufotsf lxdz}nx¿ b[Zofjnf]sgdfq xf]Og, sd{bfsf lsgf/df ndtGg km}lnPsf kmfF6x¿;Fu ldt]/L ufF:g klg ;lsG5 . a'?~r] 8fF8faf6 Kof/fUnfOl8ª u/]/ ;fxl;s ko{6gnfO{ k|j4{g ug{ ;lsG5 . g]jf/L snf, ;+:s[lt / hLjgz}nLsf] ldgL ;ª\u|xfno dflgg] aGbLk'/df v8\ub]jL, ljGWojfl;gL, yfgLb]jL, dxfnIdL, gf/fo0f, dxfb]j / d's'Gb]Zj/Lh:tf k|:t/d} d':s'/fP/ o'uf}Fo'u a;]sf d7–dlGb/x¿nfO{ ;fi6fË b08jt ug{ ;lsG5 . ^$ eGbf a];L hghfltsf] 3/, !) eGbf a9L wd{–;+:s[ltsf] cfno, #) eGbf w]/} efiff–eflifsf k|of]ustf{sf] df]xs yftynf]sf] gf8L 5fDg ;lsG5 . emG8} @&% du/x¿sf] a;f]af; /x]sf] tgx'Fsf emG8} a/fa/Lsf] ;ª\Vofdf /x]sf a|fXd0f, If]qL / u'?ªx¿;Fu 3fF6', df?gL / ‰ofp/]df /Dg ;lsG5 .

kf}/fl0fs syg Jof; Clifsf] hGd bdf}nLb]lv ( ls=ld= k"j{lt/ cjl:yt 5fAbL

a/fxsf] dlGb/b]lv %) ld6/ k/ dftf ;TojtLaf6 k/fz/ C[lifsf] hGd ePsf] eGg] kf}/fl0fs egfO 5 . pgsf] :j¿k df5fsf] h:tf] lyof] . cfh klg 5fAbL a/fx cjl:yt s'08 -dR5]s'08_ df /x]sf df5fnfO{ k"hfcfhf ug]{ k|rng 5 eg] bdf}nLdf k/fz/ u'kmf tyf Jof; u'kmf /x]sf 5g\ . pgnfO{ eujfg\ lji0f'sf @$ cjtf/x¿dWo] Ps dfGg] u5{g\, kf}/fl0fs egfOdf ljZjf; ug]{x¿ . o;}aLr Jof;sf] hGdaf/] Pp6f /f]rs ls:;f klg Jofks k|rngdf 5 . k|frLg ;dodf ;TojtL dfq & jif{sL x'Fbf 3'Db}–lkmb}{ bdf}nLdf dfemLx¿n] gfp rnfpg] If]qlt/ k'lu5g\ . cfZro{rlst ePsf dfemLn] tL dfofnfUbL ;fgL aflnsfnfO{ cfˆg} 3/df nuL kfn]5g\ . Ps lbg 3/af6 aflx/ lg:sFbf pgsf] e]6 x7ft\ k/fz/ C[lif;Fu eP5 . e]6kl5 tL sNsnfpFbL k/fz/ C[lifn] C[t'bfg n]pm eg]5g\ . ta ;TojtLn] hjfkm lbO5g\– æxh'/ oqf] hjfg dfG5];Fu s;/L Ct'bfg lnpmF <Æ

hjfkmdf k/fz/n] eg]5g\– æd ltdLnfO{ klg dh:t} hjfg agfOlbG5' .Æ /, k'gM k/fz/n] Ct'bfgs} k|:tfj u/]5g\ .

cd/ Hof]lt÷34

To;kl5 ;TojtLn] æo:tf] 3dfOnf] / pHofnf] ;dodf s;/L ;Dej xf]nf / <æ egL ;f]lw5g\ . tTsfn k/fz/ Clifn] afSnf] s'lx/f] pTkGg u/fP5g\ . To;kl5 oL b'O{aLrsf] ;DaGwaf6 Jof;sf] hGd eP5 .

ax'cfoflds g]t[TjTo;f] t r'gfjtfsf c1fgtfk"j{s g} :df6{ l;6L jf len]h agfpg]

jfrf u/L dt k|efljt gkfg]{ ufpFkflnsf jf gu/kflnsfsf k|d'v la/n} lyP . b[li6sf]0fsf] v8]/LaLr klg sf]xL g sf]xLn] r'gfj lhTg] s'/f :jfefljs lyof] g} klg . lsGt' %*# dtfGt/n] tgx'F lhNnfdf k"j{ PsLs[t g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf tkm{af6 ljhoL ag]sf k"0f{l;+x yfkf PSnf :yfgLo lgsfo k|d'v x'g\ . ;dfh;]jL / zfnLg 5lj lgdf{0f u/]sf ;LPdP 8fS6/, lSnlgs, lghL ljBfnosf nufgLstf{ / xf]6nsf] dflnssf] :6\of6; g} pgsf lgjf{rg lhTg] t'?k x'g\ . pgsf] ;8s ;~hfnn] ;Dk"0f{ ufpF hf]8\g] / pHofnf] aGbLk'/sf] pgsf] O/fbf d"tL{s/0f eO;s]sf] 5 . k[YjL /fhdfu{ rqmky lgdf{0f ug]{b]lv lgMz'Ns :s'na; ;~rfng ug]{ pgsf] dxTjfsfª\IfL of]hgf 5g\ . snf / ;flxTonfO{ Jofj;flos agfpg'kg]{ ljrf/sf kIfkftL pgn] snf / ;+:s[ltaf/] v'n]/ eg]– æPp6f sfnv08df sl/a–sl/a ;a} dfG5] snfsf/ jf ;flxTosf/ x'G5g\ . ;+:s[lt, snf / ;flxTo pGgogsf lglDt d}n] !@ nfv ah]6 ljlgof]hg u/]sf] 5' .Æ ufpFkflnsf leqsf !) 3/jf; -xf]d:6]_ k|j4{gsf lglDtdfq Ps s/f]8 ah]6 lgsf;f u/]sf] pgsf] lhls/ 5 . eG5g\– æxf]d:6] aGbf cfGtl/s ko{6g k|j4{g ug{ ;lsG5 . ;fdfGohgsf lglDt To;af6 k|fKt d'gfkmfn] klg s]xL e/y]u ug{ ;S5 .Æ

logn] afFw]sf] jfrf Ps rf}yfOdfq sfdofjL eof] eg] klg pgL b'lgofFbf/sf awfO{sf kfq aGg]5g\ .

lgisif{ snf, ;+:s[lt, ;flxTo / ;Eotfsf] cGj]if0f / pGgog g} ljsf;sf]

jf:tljs kl/;"rs xf] . o;}n] dfgjnfO{ ;Eotfsf] lzv/df k'¥ofpF5 . /fdsf]6nfO{ Pp6f 5'§} klxrfg af]s]sf] ko{6sLo uGtAosf] ¿kdf ljsf; ug{ ToxfFsf] :yfgLo du/ efiff, pgLx¿sf snf / ;+:s[ltsf] hu]gf{ ug}{kg]{ ePsfn] o:tf s'/fx¿nfO{ cIf'00f /fVg :yfgLox¿nfO{ hfu|t u/fPsf] 5 . ;jf{ËL0f k|ult oxLaf6 dfkg ug{ ;lsG5 . aGbLk'/ cfˆgf] Wo]odf lgaf{w Pjd\ lg/Gt/ cl3 a9\g ;sf];\ eGg] sfdgfsf ;fy aGbLk'/, /fdsf]6 ;flxlTos ofqf la/fd nfu]sf] lyof] . ìì

cd/ Hof]lt÷35

lj/f6gu/b]lv a}Ís;Dd

æxl/hL, kf;kf]6{ agfpg'ePsf] 5 <Æ sf7df8f}af6 lzj cfrfo{sf] kmf]g cfPsf] lyof] . kf;kf]6{ b]zaflx/ hfg] cg'dlt / le;f k|j]z lbg] d'n'ssf] k|j]zf1f eGg] ;'g]sf] lyPF t/ b]v]sf] lyOgF .

æ5}g,Æ :jfefljs :j/df hjfkm lbPsf] lyPF d}n] . ækf;kf]6{ agfP/ t'?Gt k7fOlbg";\,Æ lgb{]zfTds cfu|x lyof] Tof] .

d bf]wf/df k/F] . Ps–b'O{ tfs]tf, s]xL pNemg / s]xL cndnkl5 kf;kf]6{ agfpg] sfddf h'6F] d .

l;+xb/af/sf] clwsf/ ufpFdf k'u]sf] ;'g]sf] lyPF, t/ /fxbfgL ljefu gf/fo0flx6Ldf /x]5 . lhNnfaf6 /fxbfgL lng Ps dlxgf s'g'{kbf{]/x]5 . lj/f6gu/b]lv sf7df8f}F;Ddsf] bf}8w"kkl5 xl/of] kf;kf]6{ xft k¥of] . sf7df8f}Fdf ozf]bf tfdfªnfO{ kf;kf]6{ a'emfP/ yk sfuhft cfjZos k/] va/ ul/lbg ldq /fdk|;fb kf]v/]nnfO{ cfu|x ub{} lj/f6gu/ cfOk'uF] d .

yfONof08sf] Chonburi Province l:yt Burapha university åf/f cfof]lht tflnddf ;xefuL x'g !( d] @)!( sf lbg lbpF;f] tLg ah] xfdL Thai Lion sf] ljdfg r9]/ a}Ís hfFb} lyof}F . xfd|f] ofqfdf kRrL; hgfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . 6f]nLsf] g]t[Tj /fhg Clif sF8]naf6 ePsf] lyof] . lqe'jg cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:ynaf6 ljdfg k"j{–blIf0f x'Fb} hfFbf]/x]5 . ;Ktsf]zL gbLsf] cf;kf;af6 ef/tsf] laxf/ /fHodf k|j]z u/]sf] hxfh aª\ufnsf] vf8L / c08dfg ;Ldfly klg p8\g] atfOGYof] . xfdLdf klg ;u/af6 ;fu/ x]g{] tLj| clenfiff lyof] . t/, dfgj a:tL, hª\un, vf]nf gbLnufotsf :ynefu b]lvFbfb]lvFb} lgs} tn Psgf;sf] afSnf] s'lx/f] kf] b]lvg yfNof] . s'lx/f]sf] sf/0f ;u/af6 ;fu/ lrxfpg] xfd|f] clenfiff k"/f x'g ;s]g . tfklg, 8Dd ldn]/ a;]em}F b]lvg] s'lx/f]leq} ;d'b| n's]sf] cg'dfg eg] nufpg ;lsGYof] . x'g klg hxfhsf] prfO ;d'b| ;txaf6 emG8} rfnL; xhf/ lkm6 dfly lyof] .

xl/k|;fb clwsf/L

lgofqf

cd/ Hof]lt÷36

xfdL ljdfgleqaf6 ;s];Dd aflx/sf b[Zox¿ x]g{] / s}b ug{] sf]l;; ul//x]sf lyof}F . glhs b]lvg] s'lx/f] / 6f9f b]lvg] w/tLsf] n'sfdf/L rln/x]sf] lyof] . b[Zox¿ s}b x'Fb} lyP t/ ;do s}b x'Fbf]/x]g5 . tLg 3G6f kGw| ldg]6sf] ;do slt rfF8f] ;lsP5 . ljdfgleq xfdL Don

Mueang International Airport df cjt/0f ub{} 5f}F egL yfO{ / cª\u|]hL efiffaf6 hgfp lbFbf hxfh t a}ª\ss cf;kf;sf] cfsfzdf d8fl/Fb} /x]5 .

ljdfgleq xfdL hlt pT;flxt lyof}F, a]nfa]nf plQs} efj's klg aGYof} . g]kfnsf] xjfO{ ofqfsf] Oltxf; yfONofG8l;t hf]l8Psf] ;'g]sf lyof}F . elgG5 yfO{ Po/j]h / g]kfn jfo';]jf lgudsf] :yfkgf Ps} ;do ePsf] lyof] . yfO{ Po/j]h cfh ;+;f/sf sltko d'n'sdf p8fg el//x]sf] 5 .

ljdfgleq ljleGg b]zsf gful/s lyP t/ kl/j]z yfO{ lyof] . p8fg sd{rf/L yfO{ lyP / ltgn] ofqLnfO{ ug{] ;Tsf/ yfO{ lyof] . o;af6 cg'dfg nufpg ;lsGYof], cGt/f{li6«o p8fg eg{] ljdfgn] Joj;fodfq u/]sf x'Fbf /x]g5g\ cfˆgf] b]znfO{ cGt/f{li6«o hut\df gful/s :t/;Dd lrgfO/x]sf x'Fbf/x]5g\ .

rGb|;"o{ clst /ftf] em08f lnPsf g]kfnL ljdfgx¿ ;+;f/sf] cfsfzdf p8g] xf] eg] a'4sf] e"ld / ;u/dfyfsf] prfOdf p7]sf] b]z ;+;f/nfO{ lrgfpg / a'emfpg lgs} ;xh x'g] lyof] xf]nf . g]kfnL ;Tsf/, g]kfnL kl/sf/ / g]kfnL snfn] ljb]zL kfx'gfx¿ cfslif{t x'g] lyP xf]nfg\ h:tf] nflu/x]Yof] . cflv/ xfdL k6s–k6s g]kfn e|d0f jif{ klg t dgfO/x]sf x'G5f}F .

yfONofG8sf] ;do xfd|f] ;doeGbf krxQ/ ldg]6 l56f] /x]5 . To;}n] xfdL a}ª\ss k'Ubf emdSs ;fFem kl/;s]sf] lyof] . hxfhaf6} lemlnldnL b]lvPsf] a}ª\ss w/tLdf kfOnf /fVtf klg p:t} lyof] .

ljdfg:yndf cfjZos sfuhL k|s[of k"/f u/L xfdL aflx/ lgl:sof}F . hxfF xfdLnfO{ lng ;;fgf tLg uf8L;lxt cfPsf lyP yfO{ gful/s . pgL g]kfnL a'‰b}gy], xfdL yfO{ a'‰b}gYof}F . pgL cª\u|]hLeGbf yfO{d} s'/f ug{ ?rfpFy] . elgG5 dfG5] ePs}n] efiff 5 . x'g klg efiffsf] pTklQ gx'Fb} dfG5]n] ;ª\s]t ljlgdo ug{ yfln;s]sf lyP . xfdL pgsf] efiff ga'em] klg ;ª\s]t a'‰Yof}F . pgL klg xfd|f] ;ª\s]t a'em]em}F b]lvP . cflv/ klxn] dfG5] clg dfgjLo cfjZostfsf cfwf/df ;fwg / Tof] ;fwgdWo]sf] Ps efiff eg]em}F nfUbYof] .

cd/ Hof]lt÷37

sl/a cfwf 3G6fsf] b"/Ldf /x]sf] Ps xf]6ndf vfgf vfP/ :yfgLo ;docg';f/ /ftsf] sl/a gf} ah]lt/ xfdL Pradiphat Road l:yt Karnmanee

Palace Hotel cfOk'Uof}F . hxfF xfdLnfO{ ljZjljBfnosf tkm{af6 k|tLIff u/]/ al;/x]sf lyP 8f= åo Thiraphong / afx'n . kl/ro cfbfgk|bfg, sfo{qmdsf] tof/L cflbsf] af/]df 5nkmn u/L Ps–cfk;df labf eof}F .

laxfg dlg{ªjfs ug{] afgL lyof], lgGb|fn] rfF8} 5f]8\Yof] / Tof] lbg klg rfF8} 5f8]5 . gofF b]zsf] gofF zx/, gofF jftfj/0f, gofF kl/j]z . xfdL ;8sdf lgl:sof}F . a}ª\ss sª\lqm6sf] zx/dfq xf]Og /x]5, xl/ofnL klg /x]5 . ¿v–la?jf k|z:t b]lvGy] . a}ª\ss kmf]xf]/sf] 8ª\u'/df a;]sf] zx/ xf]Og /x]5 . ;8s / kl/j]z ;kmf / :jR5 lyof] . ;fFRr} d'v 5f]k]/ xf]Og, d'v vf]n]/ lxF8\of} xfdL .

laxfg cf7 ah]b]lv ck/fXg kfFr ah];Dd xfdL lgs} Jo:t sfo{tflnsf;lxt sfddf vl6of}F . o;aLr yfO{ ;/sf/ / Electricity

Generation Authority of Thailand (EGAT) sf clwsf/L, Burapha University sf k|fWofks, sfg'gsf hfgsf/ nufotl;t ljifoj:t'df cfwfl/t e]63f6, 5nkmn, cGt{lqmof, ljrf/ cfbfgk|bfg / ToxfFsf] af/]df hfgsf/L k|fKt eO/Xof] . yfONofG8 ;/sf/sf] dftxtdf /x]sf] EGAT sf] sfof{no / ljB't\ pTkfbg u[x gy{ a}ª\ss kfj/ KnfG6;Dd k'Ug] cj;/ ldNof] . EGAT

n] sl/a lqrfnL; xhf/ d]ufjf6 ljB't pTkfbg vl/b ubf{]/x]5 . o;dWo] sl/a PsltxfO lx:;f lghL If]qsf] /x]5 . o;af6 ToxfFsf] ljsf; lgdf{0fdf lghL If]qsf] pNn]Vo ;xeflutf /x]sf] cg'dfg nufpg ;lsGYof] . pmhf{sf] k|d'v ;|f]t sf]Onf eg] cfoft;d]t x'Fbf]/x]5 . a}ª\sssf] ljt/0f k|0ffnL eg] :yfgLo :t/df Metropolitan Electricity Authority (MEA) af6 x'Fbf]/x]5 . pmhf{sf] If]qdf cflzofg :t/Lo ljsf; / lj:tf/ ug{ nfluPsf] /x]5 . a}ª\sssf sltko ;8sdf tf/–kf]n b]lvFb}gYof] . o;af6 of] k|0ffnL e"ldut /x]sf] a'lemGYof] t/ ;a}lt/ of] Joj:yf lyPg .

k|fs[lts UofF;af6 sl/a kGw| ;o d]ufjf6 pmhf{ pTkfbg ug{] EGAT sf] gy{ a}ª\ss kfj/ KnfG6 cjnf]sg u/L aflx/ lg:sFbf Pp6f gbL b]lvof] . of] gbL a}ª\sssf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] / ;f]em} ;d'b|df ldl;g] gbL /x]5 . of] gbLsf] gfd Chaophraya /x]5 . zx/sf sltko 7fpFdf ;;fgf vf]nf gx/ alu/x]sf b]lvGy] t/ tL zx/sf] kmf]xf]/ af]s]/ lxF8\g] el/of jf kmf]xf]/ hdfP a:g] sG6]g/ lyPgg\ . ltgsf] lsgf/flt/ k'Ubf gfs y'g]/, Zjf; /f]s]/ lxF8\g' kb}{gYof] . a? ltgsf glhsdf k'Ubf dg cfglGbt eO/xGYof] . ;fFRr}

cd/ Hof]lt÷38

;kmf / :jR5 gLnf] kfgL lnP/ alu/x]sf lyP a}ª\ssdf gbL–vf]nf . zx/ cjnf]sgsf] qmddf v]ns'b dGqfno b]lvof] . cufl8 a9\b}

hfFbf lgs} km/flsnf] ;8s b]lvg yfNof] . x'g t a}ª\sssf ;8sx¿ lgs} km/flsnf / 3/x¿ lgs} cUnf b]lvGy] . cnu–cnu n]gdf tLj| ult, dWod ultdf ;jf/L;fwg u'l8/x]sf b]lvGy] . cfsfz] k'n w]/} lyP . zx/leq d]6«f]/]n s'lb/x]sf] b]lvGYof] t/ Tof] ;8s cem} km/flsnf] / km';{lbnf] b]lvGYof] .

pQm :yfgdf af}4 u'Daf /x]5 . xfdL a'4sf] b]zsf gful/s lyof}F . af}4 u'Dafx¿n] xfd|f] lz/ pFrf] agfPem}F nflu/x]Yof] . To;} klg xfdL w/tLsf] pFrf] 7fpF ;u/dfyfsf] b]zaf6 cfPsf lyof}F . af}4 u'Dafx¿n] k"j{hsf] kf}/vn] ;GttLsf] lz/ pFrf] x'G5 eGg] ;Gb]z lbPem}F nfUbYof] . cfh xfdLn] kf}/v u/] ef]ln ;GttLn] lz/ pFrf] /fVg] /x]5g\ h:tf] nflu/Xof] . of] If]qdf 8]df]qm];L :df/s, cbfnt, dGqfno, ;/sf/L sfof{nox¿ /x]5g\ .

yfONofG8sf lgs} 7fpFdf af}4u'Dafx¿ b]lvGy] . Saraburi Province

af6 a}ª\ss kms{+bf klg sf]N6] k/]/ ;'t]em}F b]lvg] lgs} 7"nf] a'4 d"lt{sf] bz{g cjnf]sg u/]sf lyof}F .

yfONofG8df ;a} 3/x¿ uugr'DaL lyPgg\ . zx/L If]qsf 3/ clUnP klg u|fdL0f If]qsf 3/x¿ xf]rf lyP . t/, tL nx/ ldn]sf / Psgf;sf b]lvGy]Ù PsLs[t a:tL lgdf{0f eP ;]jf, ;'ljwf kfpg / k'¥ofpg ;xh x'G5 eg]em}F .

xf]6naf6 plt 6f9f t xf]Og t/ ;fFemsf] ;do, ;8sdf ;jf/Lsf] rfksf] sf/0f emG8} cfwf 3G6f uf8Ldf ofqf ub{} xfdL l/e/ l;6L Pl/of k'Uof}F . :yfgLo gbLdf l8g/;lxtsf] emG8} b'O{ 3G6f nfdf] l:6d/ ofqf x'Fbf]/x]5 . ofqfdf xfdLdfq xf]Og, s}of}F ljb]zL ofqL klg ;xefuL lyP .

yfO{ / cª\u|]hL efiffdf ah]sf uLtx¿df xfdL ;fy lbg yfNof}F . cflv/ efiff / e"uf]n hxfFsf] eP klg dfG5]sf] dg dfgjLo x'Fbf]/x]5 . dfG5] hxfF uP klg dfgjLo dg ;fyd} hfFbf]/x]5 . uLt efiffdf n]lvP klg ;ËLt dgdf n]lvFbf]/x]5 . hn hldg / cfsfz ;j{q x'Fbf]/x]5 . h;n] htf / hlt kmsf{P klg cf]/fnf] aUg' kfgLsf] ;To /x]5 . hxfF uP klg ;"o{–rGb| k"j{af6} pbfpFbf /x]5g\ . dfG5]n] w/tLnfO{ t]/f] / d]/f] eg] klg rGb| / ;"o{ ;a}sf /x]5g\ . xfdLn] ;ËLtsf] w'g ?rfof}F . cfof]hsn] xfd|f] ?lrsf] klxrfg u/] / xfdLnfO{ g]kfnL eGg] lrg]/ x'g'k5{, g]kfnL uLt ahfpg yfn] . xfdLn] xfd|f] efiffnfO{ ;Ddfg u¥of}F / uLtnfO{ :jfut . xfd|f] pT;fxnfO{ cGo efifLx¿n] klg ;fy glbO{ /xg ;s]gg\ . ;fob pgLx¿n] klg efiff a'em]sf lyPgg\

cd/ Hof]lt÷39

t/ ;ËLtn] eg] 5f]Psf] x'Fbf] xf] . To;}n] t pgLx¿n] klg cle?lrk"j{s xfdLnfO{ ;fy lbO/x] .

xfdL c¿sf] efiffdf dfq /d]/ uf}/jflGjt aGg rfxFb}gYof}F . xfdL cfˆg} efiffdf uf}/jflGjt aGg ?rfof}F . xfdL xfd|f] efiff c¿nfO{ ;'gfpg rfxGYof}F, l;sfpg rfxGYof}F / xfd|f] efiff uf}/jzfnL 5 eGg] ;Gb]z lbg rfxGYof}F . xfdL cfˆg} ;+:s[ltdf cfˆg' lz/ pFrf] 7fGYof}F . ;u/dfyfem}F p7]sf] xfd|f] ;f]r st} n/a/fpg kfPg, a? l:6d/leqsf] ;Dk"0f{ Wofg Ps k|sf/n] xfdLdfly s]lGb|t x'g k'Uof] . :yfgLo ufO8 eGb} lyP– æcfhsf] ofqf g]kfndo eof] .Æ

l:6d/ ofqfn] cg]sf}F ;Gb]z lbPem}F nflu/x]Yof] . ko{6sLo :ynsf] klxrfg ug{ s}nfz kj{tsf] kl/qmdf ug'{kb{}g, a? cfˆg} jl/kl/ x]/] k'U5 eg]em}F nfUbYof] . cflv/ w/tL cfkm}Fdf uGtJo :yn xf], tLy{:yn xf] / ko{6sLo :yn xf]Ù a? o;nfO{ k|fs[lts aGg lbP / cfwf/e"t ;'ljwf lbg ;s] k'U5 eg]em} . a}ª\ssdf udL{ lyof] . lbge/ zx/df Jo:t /x]sf] dfG5] ;fFemkv glhssf] :jR5 / ;kmf gbLlsgf/df k'Ug nfnflot x'G5 g} . To;dfly klg v'nf cfsfzd'lgsf] To:tf] gbLdf hnljxf/ ug]{ cj;/ kfpFbf cfgGbfg'e"lt u5{ g} . Tof] ofqfdf yfO{eGbf ljb]zL kfx'gfsf] afx'Notf lyof] . ljsf; 9f]n lk6]/ cfpFb}g, sfd u/] cfpF5 h:tf] nflu/x]Yof] .

Jo:t sfo{tflnsfaLr xfdL Saraburi Province l:yt Voice

Governer Office k'Uof} . Saraburi a}Ísaf6 sl/a c;L ls=ld= pQ/df kbf{]/x]5 . :yfgLo Voice Governer af6 yfO{ efiffdf lbPsf] hfgsf/L, cª\u|]hLdf ul/Psf] cg'jfb tyf yfO{ / cª\u|]hL efiffdf b]vfOPsf] :nfO8n] xfdLnfO{ ;f/fj'/Lsf] ljljw kIf / sfo{qmdaf/] hfgsf/L lng ;xh eof] . o;af6 klg cfˆg' efiff k|of]un] cfkmgf] JolQTj pFrf] x'g] cg'dfg nufpg ;lsGYof] . sgLs'yL c¿sf] efiff af]n]/ eflifs cNk1tf b]vfpg'eGbf cfˆg} efiffsf cf]h:jL zAbx¿af6 ljrf/ JoQm ug'{ /fd|f] x'G5 h:tf] nflu/Xof] . of]hgfsf] 5gf]6 :yfgLo cfjZostfsf] cfwf/df tNnf] txaf6 ul/g'kg{] wf/0ff ;sf/fTds nfUbYof] . xfd|f] sfo{qmdsf] ;dfkg klg Saraburi Province sf Voice Governer af6 ePsf] lyof] .

Saraburi hfFbf ;8saf6} r'/]h:t} ;;fgf kxf8 b]lvGy] . yfONofG8df xfdLn] kxf8 r9\g'gk/]tf klg Pattaya lsgf/sf] ;d'b|nfO{ klxnf] k6s r'/]em}F nfUg] prfOaf6 lrxfPsf lyof}F .

ofqfsf] cGTolt/ xfdL Burapha university cfOk'Uof}F . of] University a}Ísaf6 sl/a gAa] ls=ld= 6f9f kbf{]/x]5 . Faculty of Political science

cd/ Hof]lt÷40

and Law df cfof]lht sfo{qmd ;DkGg u/L xfdL yfONofG8sf] ko{6sLo zx/ Pattaya cfOk'Uof}F . Pattaya of] university af6 sl/a rfnL; ls=ld= 6f9f Chonburi

Province d} kbf{]/x]5 . ;d'b| lsgf/fsf] k"jL{ efuaf6 lgdf{0f ePsf] of] ;8saf6 ;d'b| gb]lvP klg ;8ssf] klZrd blIf0f efudf ;d'b| /x]sf] 5gs eg] kfOFbf]]/x]5 . ;d'b|sf] lsgf/fdf cjl:yt Pattaya df leotgfd o'4tfsf cd]l/sL ;]gf /x]sf atfOFbf]/x]5 . Pattaya yfONofG8sf] vf8Ll;t hf]l8Fbf]/x]5 .

æ;'gfdLn] b'Mv lbFb}g <Æ xfdL e"kl/j]li7t d'n'ssf jfl;Gbf ePsf] sf/0f ;fd'lb|s cfFwL–t"kmfg;Fu h'‰g'gk/] klg ;d'b|–lsgf/sf zx/x¿df a]nf–s'a]nf cfpg] ;ª\s6af6 eg] cgle1 lyPgf}F .

æoxfF ;'gfdL cfpFb}g,Æ Ps :yfgLosf] cg'ej lyof] . ofqfsf] cflv/ /ft xfdLn] Pattaya df latfof} .

yfONofG8sf ;8sx¿df w"nf], lxnf] st} b]lvPg . kmf]xf]/sf] n]z;d]t st} b]lvFb}gYof] . kmn vfP/ ;8sdf af]qmf kmfNg] k|j[lQ b]lvPg . ;fj{hlgs oftfoftsf ;fwgdf sf]rLsf]rL ofq' vfFb]sf] klg b]lvPg . a}Ísdf sl/a rfnL; nfv uf8L u'8\g] cg'dfg ul/Fbf]/x]5 t/ w"jfFsf] d':nf] p8fpFb} u'8\g] uf8L st} e]l6Pg . :yfgLo ;8s, a;:6k, /]Nj] :6]zg, Joj;fo :yn ;kmf–;'U3/ b]lvGYof] . ;Eosf] ;ª\s]t ;kmfO eg]em}F nflu/x]Yof] .

9n

aLr ;8sdf nDk;f/cr]t hF8\ofxfh:tf]Xjf:; b'u{Gw km}nfpFb}lgn{Hh9;d:; t]l;{P/Psf]xf]/f] 3'b}{ k;fl/O/x]sf] 5dxfgu/Lo ljsf;sf] k|ltkmnlgM;Gb]x kmf]x/ ;d:ofsf] dxŒjk"0f{ xn .

;fobeJo dxfgu/sf] uf}/jsf] k|tLs x'g'k5{Tof] zx/el/ km}lnPsf] 9nt/, b'ef{Uocb"/bzL{ cxd\sf] cfledfgn] cf:yf clg u'6–pku'6sf] lg/y{s Jojwfgn]cfh ;Dk"0f{ gful/sx¿sf] lgolt g} alg;s]sf] 5 knknToxL 9nleqsf] Tof] sk6k"0f{ b"lift sf]nfxn Ûìì

;'zLn kf]v/]n

sljtf

cd/ Hof]lt÷41

a}ª\ssdf kx]Fnf] /ªsf] kftnf] xfkm Hofs]6 nufPsf df]6/;fOsn rfnsn] ofqLnfO{ uGtJodf k'¥ofPsf] b]lvGYof] . o;af6 ef8fsf ;jf/L –;fwgdf df]6/;fOsn klg /x]sf] cg'dfg nufpg ;lsGYof] . sltko Joj;fo :yndf g]kfnLefifLx¿ Joj;fo u/]/ a;]sf e]l6Gy] .

xfdLnfO{ sltko sfo{qmddf kftdf Koflsª u/]sf] gf:tf Kn]6df /fv]/ lbOPsf] lyof] . ;DejtM Tof] ToxfFsf] df}lns k|rng x'g ;S5 .

zlgjf/ / cfOtjf/ ;/sf/L 5'§L x'Fbf]/x]5 . 5'§Lsf lbg ;8s hfd sd} x'g] u/]sf] b]lvGYof] . w]/}h;f] o'–6g{sf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] sf/0f TolQsf ;jf/L;fwg u'8\g] ;8sdf plt hfd x'Fbf]/x]g5 . ;8s ;~hfn, /]Nj] ;]jf, cfsfz] k'nn] a}Íssf ;8ssf] cfjfudgdf ;'udtf /x]5 . xl/of ¿vla?jfn] zx/sf] zf]ef a9fPem}F nfUbYof] . ldng;f/ dfG5]sf] sf/0f /ftlj/ft s'g} c;xhtf dx;'; ePg . a}Ísdf b'O{ j6f cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:yn /x]5g . ;fFemsf] ;dodf l:6d/af6 x]bf{ cfsfzdf Pp6f ljdfgn] csf{] ljdfg k5\ofPem}F nuftf/ hxfh p8]sf b]lvGy] .

a}ª\sss} ;8ssf] lsgf/fdf Pp6f 3/ lgdf{0ffwLg lyof] t/ 3/ lgdf{0fdf k|of]u x'g] lgdf{0f ;fdu|L ;8s lsgf/fdf /flvPsf] b]lvPg . yfONofG8df w]/}h;f] kx]Fnf] /ªsf] n'uf k|of]u ePsf] b]lvGYof] .

æa}ª\sssf] ;8sdf dfk;] hfFr x'Fb}g,Æ s;}n] eg]sf] lyof] . æyfO{x¿ cToGt ldng;f/ hflt dflgG5g\,Æ s;}n] ;'gfPsf] lyof] .

a}ª\ssdf h'jf v]Ng kfOFbf]/x]g5 . æoxfF Sofl;gf] 5}g,Æ of] klg hfgsf/L u/fOPsf] lyof] . af6f] sf6\tf cfsfz] k'n jf h]a|f qml;ªsf] dfq k|of]u ePsf] b]lvGYof] .

Saraburi / Chonburi Province hfFbf af6f]df u|fdL0f a:tL ePsf / gePsf 7fpFx¿ k|z:t b]lvGy] . To:tf :yfgx¿df ;d]t ;8s, cfsfz] k'n–nufotsf k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f eO/x]sf] b]lvGYof] . lgdf{0ffwLg ;+/rgfx¿ lgs} km/flsnf, Jojl:yt / dha't b]lvGy] . ;fFRr} tL ;+/rgfx¿ zx/ a;]/ lgdf{0f ePsf lyPgg\, a? ltgsf] lgdf{0fkl5 cfw'lgs zx/ a:g ;Sg] cg'dfg nufpg ;lsGYof] . ;+:s[t ;flxTosf] pTs[i6 u|Gy /fdfo0fsf n]vsn] nª\sfsf] j0f{g ubf{ htf x]¥of], pt} kSsf sfd eg]em}F a}Ís zx/ / yfONofG8sf zx/, ;8s, kl/j]z cfkm}Fdf k"0f{em}F b]lvGy] .

ììlj/f6gu/

cd/ Hof]lt÷42

@)^& ;fn h]7 clGtd ;ftfsf] Ps lbg laxfg} lbnLkn] cfˆgf] df]6/;fOsn lnP/ dnfO{ af]nfpg cfOk'Uof] .

æd]/f] ;;'/fnL ufpF kfn'ª 3'Dg hfpmF . ToxfF clxn] hfqf klg 5 . tkfO{“ clxn];Dd kfn'ª k'Ug'ePsf] klg 5}g . b'O{–tLg lbgsf] a;fO xf] . tkfO{“sf nflu laNs'n} gofF 7fpF, /dfOn} x'G5 ÛÆ Ps} ;f;df p;n] eGg EofOxfNof] . d]/f] k"j{tof/Lljg} cfPsf] ofqfsf] s'/fn] dnfO{ Ps l5g ;f]Rg afWo agfof] . clkm; clg 3/sf] lghL sfd oL ;a}sf] Joj:yfkg gu/L ;'6'Ss lxF8\g klg t ldn]g lg Û pm;Fu yf]/} ;do dfu]/ ;a} s'/fsf] tf/tDo ldnfO{ emf]nfdf s]xL sk8fx¿ kf]sf kf/]/ d gofF 7fpFsf] ofqfsf nflu tof/ ePF .

3/af6 lg:sg] a]nf df};d ;kmf g} lyof] . To;}n] df]6/;fOsnsf] xfd|f] sl/a !)) ls=ld=sf] ofqf /dfOn} xf]nf eGg] cfzfdf 3/af6 lg:Sof}F . df};dn] ;fy lbP/ yfgsf]6;Ddsf] ofqf t ;xh} /Xof] . yfgsf]6 k'Ubf crfgs df};d kl/jt{g eP/ l56km'6 jiff{ x'g yfNof] . xNsf jiff{sf] kjf{x gu/L xfdL ofqfnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbO/Xof} . pkTosf l5g]{ clg pkTosf 5f8\g] nfdf] b"/Lsf uf8Lx¿nfO{ lgofNb} yfgsf]6b]lvsf] Psgf;sf] cf]/fnf] clg 3'DtL af6fx¿ l5rf]Nb} xfdLx¿ lg/Gt/ cufl8 al9/Xof}F . gf}la;] k'u]/ PSsf;L df]6/;fOsn /f]lsof] .

Psgf;sf] l;dl;d] kfgLn] ubf{ df]6/;fOsn rnfpg ufx|f] eP/ /f]s]sf] xf] ls eGg] d]/f] ;f]r xf]6ndf uP/ ;f]d/;sf] c8{/ u/]kl5 unt eof] . dnfO{ ;f]d/;sf] r':sL dg kg]{ s'/f yfxf eP/} p;n] klxn] g} ;f]r agfPsf] /x]5 . l;dl;d] kfgLsf] ?emfOn] a9]sf] lr;f]nfO{ xNsf dTy/ kfg{ laxfg} r':sL nufOlbPF . s]xLa]/ xfdL xf]6ndf cNdlnFbf klg kfgL /f]lsg] gfd} glnPkl5 xfdLn] ofqfnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbof}F . xfd|f] afO/f]8sf]

kfn'ªsf] ofqfMPs ;+:d/0f

uh]G›k|;fb >]i7

lgofqf

cd/ Hof]lt÷43

of] ofqf d]/f nflu lgtfGt klxnf] clg gf}nf] lyof] . Psgf;sf] psfnf] clg 3'DtL g} 3'DtL eP/ ;fob of] lqe'jg /fhkynfO{ afO/f]8 elgPsf] xf] ls Û Psgf;sf] em/LaLr xfd|f] ofqf lg/Gt/ afO/f]8sf] Tof] 3'DtL clg tL psfnfx¿ l5rf]ln/x] . df]6/;fOsndf klxnf slxNo} olt nfdf] ofqf gu/]sf] dnfO{ dgleq 8/rflxF nflu/x]sf] lyof] . cem psfnfsf cK7]/f] df]8x¿df x'OFlsbf d]/f] x+;n] 7fpF 5f8\Yof] .

lg/Gt/ em/Lsf aLr klg Tof] af6f]sf] 7fpF7fpFdf dd{t rln/x]sf] lyof] . g]kfnLx¿ ldlxg]tL eP/ jf ul/aLn] xf], 3fdkfgL gegL dhb'/x¿ Psf]xf]/f] sfddf lel8/x]sf lyP . To;/L sfd rln/x]sf] 7fpFdf ;8ssf] 5]paf6 ;fwg u'8\bf eg] af6f]d'lGt/sf] eL/ b]v]/ d]/f] ;ftf]k'Tnf] p8\Yof] .

o;/L lg/Gt/ em/Lsf] aLr 7fpF7fpFdf 8/ lnO{lnO{ slxn] psfnf] clg slxn] cf]/fnf] u/L cGtt xfdL uGtJo k'lu5f8\of}F . t/, uGtJo k'Ubf z/L/df gleh]sf] sk8f eg] Pp6f klg afFsL /x]g . df]6/;fOsnaf6 eml/;s]kl5 d o:t/L n'un'u sfd]F ls dfgf}F k';–df3sf] hf8f]df lr;f] kfgLdf g'xfPsf] xf] . xtkt n'uf km]/Lj/L Gofgf] sk8f a]/]/ Ps lunf; nf]sn ;'?Kk kf/]kl5 aNn /fxt dx;'; eof] .

Ps l5gsf] enfs';f/L kl5 d kfn'ªsf] k|s[lt lgofNg aflx/ lg:s]F . glhs}af6 tLglt/ kxf8n] Ps 5]paf6 ;fgf] zª\vd"n vf]nf lg/Gt/ au]/ 3]l/Psf] ;fgf] r6Ss k/]sf] ufpFnfO{ d}n] s]xLa]/ glhsaf6 lgofln/x]F . ahf/ vf;} 7'nf] gx'gfn] sl/a 3G6fe/d} d]/f] ahf/sf] ofqfn] k"0f{lj/fd kfof] . ahf/ 3'dlkm/s} qmddf crfgs sf7df8f}F d]/f] 8]/flt/sf] l5d]sL ;'dg;Fu e]6 eof] . p;sf] ;;'/fnL ToxLF g} /x]5 . r':sL nufpg ;fyL vf]lh/x]sf] p;nfO{ d]/f] e]6 9'ª\uf vf]Hbf b]ptf ldn]em}F eof] . dnfO{ p;sf] ;;'/fnL hah{:tL lnP/ uof] . b'O{ l5d]sL a;]/ sf7df8f}F / kfn'ªsf] aLr t'ngf ub}{ lgs}a]/ nf]sn emf]nsf] r':sLdf /dfof}F . 5'l§g] a]nfdf ef]lnkN6 laxfg Cif]Zj/ dxfb]jsf] bz{g ug{ hfg] sfo{qmd to eof] .

;fFem sl/a cf7 ah]lt/ kfx'gf nfu]sf] 3/df vfglkg ul/j/L hfqf x]g{ hfg] tDtof/ eO{ hfqf:ynlt/ nlDsPF . ToxfFsf] hfqf /flt x'Fbf]/x]5 . ljleGg e]ife"iffdf gfr b]vfpg] gt{sLx¿ 8anLdf cfO{ kfn}kfnf] cf–cfˆgf] sf}zn b]vfpFb} uP . gfr x]bf{x]b}{ /ft l5lKkPsf] kQ} ePg . laxfgsf] sfo{qmdsf] nflu p7\g g;lsPnf eg]/ gfr g;lsFb} ;'Tg lxF8]F . 7fpFcg';f/sf] ;+:s[ltsf] cfˆg} 5'§} klxrfg x'Fbf]/x]5 . ToxfFsf] gfr x]bf{

cd/ Hof]lt÷44

dnfO{ To:t} nfUof] . hftLo lx;fan] g]kfnsf k|foM ;a} lhNnfdf k'u]sf g]jf/ ;d'bfosf] pb\ud:yn pkTosfsf tLg lhNnf g} x'g\ . cyf{t\ ;a} lhNnfdf a;f]af; ug]{ g]jf/x¿ pkTosfaf6} a;fOF ;/L uPsf x'g\ . To;}n] x/]s 7fpFdf a:g] g]jf/x¿sf] ;+:s[ltdf pkTosfsf] ;+:s[ltsf] emNsf] kfOG5 . ToxL s'/fsf] dx;'; ToxfFsf] gfr x]bf{ d}n] u/]F . t/, 7fpFcg';f/sf] df}lns ljz]iftf eg] d}n] ToxfF kfPF .

laxfg} p7L lgTosd{ u/]/ cl3Nnf] lbg to ePsf] sfo{qmdcg';f/ ;'dg;Fu dsjfgk'/sf] bfdgl:yt Tof] rlr{t Cif]Zj/ dxfb]jsf] bz{g ug{ df]6/;fOsndf x'OFlsof}F . bfdg k'u]/ PsPs sk tfQftf] lrofsf] r':sL lng Ps l5g lj>fd lnof}F . bfdgsf] Eo" 6fj/ r9]/ j/k/sf] b[Zofjnf]sg ug]{ OR5f dgdf kfn]/ dlGb/lt/sf] xfd|f] ofqf cufl8 a9\of] .

k|l;4 Cif]Zj/ dxfb]j dlGb/ k|fs[lts 56fn] el/k"0f{, ljleGg lxdz[ª\vnfsf] ;'Gb/ b[Zo cjnf]sg ug{ ;lsg], :jb]zL tyf ljb]zL ko{6ssf] zfGt ko{6g:yn xf] . sl/a @@%) ld6/sf] prfOdf /x]sf] ef}uf]lns tyf ;f+:s[lts ¿kn] ;fFlRrs} k|s[ltsf] ;'Gb/ pkxf/ clg clt ;'Gb/ k|fs[lts b[ZofjnL b]lvg] bfdg If]qsf] ;LdeGHofª / bfdgsf] aLr efudf Cif]Zj/ dlGb/ kb{5 . rf/}lt/ xl/of] jg, clg ToxfFaf6 b]lvg] ;'Gb/ b[Zox¿ ;"of]{bo / ;"of{:t, 8fF8fsfF8faf6 xfdkmfn]sf] s'lx/f]sf] d':nf] clg kxf8sf s'gf–s'gfaf6 lg:s]sf s~rg kfgLsf] 5g5gn] hf] sf]xLsf] kL/ lrGtf s]xL a]/ x6fOlbG5 .

afx|} dlxgf hf8f] x'g] of] 7fpF wfld{s tyf P]ltxfl;s ¿kn] klg dxŒjk"0f{ dflgG5 . dsjfgk'/sf] pQ/L If]q dflgg] bfdgdf, cf:yfjfg\x¿sf] cf:yfs]G› >L Cif]Zj/ dxfb]jsf] rlr{t dlGb/ k'Ug lqe'jg /fhkysf] ;8sv08af6 ! 3G6fsf] k}bnofqf lxF8\g'kbf]{/x]5 . 9'ª\ufn] 5fPsf] uf]/]6f] sxLF l;F9L, sxLF ;dtn pQm af6f] cln sl7g x'g'sf ;fy} s]xL psfnf] clg cf]/fnf] klg /x]5 . df]6/;fOsnnfO{ ;8s5]p la;fP/ xfdLn] uf]/]6f]sf] k}bn ofqf ;'? u¥of}F . sl/a–sl/a cfwfcfwL af6f]df u'Daflt/sf] af6f] 5'l§g] /x]5 . xfdL u'Daflt/sf] af6f]nfO{ 5f8]/ cufl8 nDSof}F . cK7]/f] af6f] lxF8\g] afgL gePsf] dnfO{ 7fpF–7fpFdf clncln eL/ b]lvPkl5 eg] dgdf 8/ nfu]/ cfpFYof] . t/, dlGb/ k'Ug] tLj| clenfiffn] Tof] 8/ To;} x/fP/ hfGYof] . ¿v} ¿vn] el/Psf] Tof] 8fF8fdf lxF8\bf hª\un slxn] gb]v]sf] dnfO{ cgsG6f/ hª\unsf] aLr lxF8]sf] dx;'; e}/x]sf] lyof] . l5d]sL;Fu ljleGg k|;Ësf

cd/ Hof]lt÷45

s'/f ub}{ lxF8\bf Ps 3G6fsf] af6f] s6]sf] kQ} ePg . dlGb/df k'u]kl5 ToxfFsf] jftfj/0fn] dnfO{ olt k|km'lNnt agfof] ls dfgf}F d :ju{df k'u]sf] x'F . cl3sf] Ps 3G6fsf] nfdf] ofqfsf] ysfg ToxfFsf] k|fs[lts ;'Gb/tfn] If0fe/d} la;f{Olbof] .

dlGb/af/] kf}/fl0fs w]/} ls+abGtLx¿ 5g\ . o;af/] s;}sf] s] egfO 5 eg] eujfg\ lzjnfO{ xf]xNnf ePsf] 7fpF dg gkg]{ x'Fbf of] ;'g;fg, s;}n] gb]Vg] k|b"if0f/lxt 7fpF dg k/]sf]n] Tof] 8fF8fsf] 9'ª\ufdf cfO{ a;]sf lyP . Ps hgf kl08tn] ;f] s'/f yfxf kfO{ >L Cif]Zj/ dxfb]jsf] gfd lbO{ dlGb/ :yfkgf u/] . tL kl08tn] pQm 9'ª\ufdf :yflkt eujfg\nfO{ ;'gsf] d's'6 nufOlbPsf lyP . Ps hgf nf]eL dfG5]n] pQm d's'6 rf]g{ vf]Hbf cGwf] ePsf] nf]sf]lQm 5 . kfk ug{ vf]Hbf >L Cif]Zj/ dxfb]jn] pQm JolQmnfO{ ;hfo lbPsf x'g\ eGg] ls+abGtL rn]sf] kfOG5 .

cfkm"n] cfF6]–tf]s]sf] sfd ;DkGg xf];\ egL efsn ug{ :yfgLo, :jb]zL tyf ljb]zL ko{6sx¿sf] ;f] dlGb/df b}lgs 3'OFrf] nfUg] /x]5 . dfu]sf] s'/f k"/f klg x'g] u/]sf] :yfgLo jfl;Gbfsf] egfO 5 . pQm dlGb/j/k/ wfld{s p2]Zodfq geP/, dgf]/~hgsf nflu dflg;x¿ ;fyL, kl/jf/sf ;fy cfpg] /x]5g\ . pQm dlGb/ glhs Pp6f kfgLsf] z'4 s'08 5 . h'g s'08sf] kfgLn] ;a}sf] ckljqtf x6fpF5 eGg] wfld{s ljZjf; /lxcfPsf] 5 . kfgL pQm s'08af6 b"wh:t} lg:sg] u/]sf] :yfgLo jfl;Gbf atfpF5g\ .

Cif]Zj/ dxfb]jnfO{ lxGb" / af}4 b'j}n] ;dfg ¿kdf elQmefjn] k"hfcfhf ub{5g\ . lxGb"x¿n] lognfO{ lzjhL dfGb5g\ . af}4dfuL{n] wd{u'? kß;Dej dfGg] ub{5g\ . Cif]Zj/sf] dlGb/ ;fdfGo 5, h'g dWosfnlt/ ag]sf] dflgG5 . lxGb"sf] cf/fWob]j dxfb]j tyf af}4 ;d'bfosf] cf:yf u'? l/Dkf]5]n] tk:of u/]sf] :yfg klg oxL :yfgdf k5{ . k|To]s jif{ 7"nf] PsfbzL, kmfu" k"l0f{df, hg} k"l0f{df, lzj/flqsf] lbg oxfF 7"nf] d]nf nfUg] /x]5 . pQm d]nf eg{ :yfgLo tyf b]z–ljb]zsf lxGb" tyf a'4 wdf{jnDaLx¿ cfpg] /x]5g\ .

dlGb/n] wfld{s ;lxi0f'tf k|bz{g ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . lxGb" / af}4 wdf{jnDaLx¿åf/f ;dfg >4fn] k'lhg] of] dlGb/sf] k|frLg ;Gbe{ af}4 wd{u'? kß;Dej;Fu ufFl;Psf] tYon] o; :yfgsf] wfld{s dxŒj clåtLo dflgG5 . of] If]q Wofgs]G›sf] ¿kdf klg lrlgG5 . dlGb/kl/;/df aflaof]sf] 8f]/Ldf km"nkftL /fv]/ …km"n tfg]{Ú k|rng /x]5 . Cif]Zj/ dxfb]jsf] bz{g

cd/ Hof]lt÷46

u/] dgn] lrtfPsf] k"/f x'g] / 5f]/f dfu] kfOg] ljZjf; 5 . kx/faLr dxfb]jn] lqz"n 3f]Kbf kfgL lgl:sPsf] lsDabGtL 5 . tTsfnLg /fhf lqe'jgn] oxfF k"hf u/L 5f]/f j/bfg dfu]sf] / /fhf dx]G› hGd]sf] eGg] ls+abGtL klg 5 .

ToxfF k'Ubf wd{u|Gyx¿df pNn]v ul/Psf] s}nfzgfysf] s}nfz oxL xf] ls em}F nfUof] . ;f+;fl/s kL/, b'Mv e'n]/ PsfGt vf]lhlxF8\g]sf nflu ;xL uGtJo /x]5 . To; 7fpFsf] ;'Gb/tfn] tfg]/ xfdL lgs} a]/ ToxfF e'Nof}F . ;do lat]sf] xfdLn] kQ} kfPgf}F . ¿vsf] sfkaf6 ;"o{ xfd|f] lz/dfly b]v]kl5 em;Ë eP/ 38L x]bf{ kf] yfxf eof], cfwf lbg 9lNs;s]sf] /x]5 . grfxFbf grfxFb} kljq

uhnljZjf; gug]{s} ljZjf; tf]l8of] t s] ef] Pp6f uGtJo gk'Ub} af6f] df]l8of] t s] ef]

lyP xf]nfg\ s]xL ptf n6/Dd cfzfx¿/f]lsg dg nfu]g / 5f]l8of] t s] ef]

l5gd} s}of}Fsf s/f]8f}F ;kgf 6'6\5g\ oxfF;kgfsf] Pp6f kf]sf] kmf]l8of] t s] ef]

d'emf{Psf] b]v]/ ;a}n] cfz df/] klgPSn} kfgL xfn]/ uf]l8of] t s] ef]

yfx} 5 kTy/ xf], k|ltlqmof hgfpFb}g>4fn] b'O{ yfg xft hf]l8of] t s] ef] Û×ìì

k|;"g clwsf/L

uhn

Tof] ;'Gb/ 7fpF 5f8]/ xfdL kms{g] ;'/;f/ s:of}F . km]l/ ToxL cK7]/f uf]/]6f, ToxL l;F9L clg ToxL psfnL–cf]/fnL k5\ofpFb} /fhdfu{df plSnof}F . l9nf] ePsfn] Eo" 6fj/ r9\g] xfd|f] ;f]rnfO{ ;f]rfOd} ;Lldt /fv]/ kfn'ªsf] xfd|f] af;:yfglt/ ;f]lemof}F .

kfn'ª k'u]/ vfglkg u/L ysfO{ dfg{ Ps l5g lj>fd ug{lt/ nfu]F . bfdgaf6 kmls{“b} cfwf lbg 9lNs;s]sf] x'gfn] lbg laTg ;do g} nfu]g . ;fFemkv ahf/glhs}sf] 8fF8fdf lrghfgsf] 3/ ePsfn] 6xNb} ;'dg;Fu} Totflt/ k'luof] . ToxfFsf] Gofgf] cfltYonfO{ l:jsf/]/ j/k/sf k|fs[lts ;'Gb/tfnfO{ cfFvfdf s}b u/L la:tf/} ahf/lt/} cf]/fnf] nfUof}F . ahf/ eml/;s]kl5 cl3Nnf] lbgem}F hLp ttfpg] lgx'Fdf ;'dg;Fu} nf]sn emf]ndf /dfpg yfNof}F .

xfdLn] r':sL nufpFb} ubf{ 8anLdf hfqfsf] tof/L hf]8tf]8n] ;'?

cd/ Hof]lt÷47

e}/x]sf] lyof] . cfhsf] hfqfrflxF s'g} klg 5'6fpg x'Gg eg]/ r':sLnfO{ la6 df/]/ vfgflt/ nfu]F . vfgfnuQ} hfqf x]g]{ cft'/Ldf 8anL5]p k'u]/ cfˆgf] :yfgnfO{ ;'/lIft agfPF . /ft l5lKkFb} uP;Fu} hfqfsf] dfxf]n klg tfTb} uof] . ljleGg b]jL–b]jtfsf e]ife"iffdf ljleGg snfsf/x¿n] gfr b]vfpFb} uP . bz{sx¿sf] eL8 klg la:tf/} a9\b} lyof] . d cfFvf lemldSs} gu/L Pstdf; gfr x]/]/ al;/x]F . ef]lnkN6 laxfgsf] vf;} sfo{qmd gePsfn] Tof] lbgsf] gfr k"/} x]/]/ sl/a /ftsf] b'O{ ah]lt/ ;'Tg uPF .

hfqfsf] clGtd lbg hfqfdf ;xefuL x'g] gt{sLx¿ vf]nf5]pdf /x]sf] OG›fo0fL dlGb/df uP/ k"hf u/]kl5 hfqf ;dfkg ubf{/x]5g\ . oxfFsf] of] k/Dk/fnfO{ klg glhs} lgofnf}F eGg] ;f]r]/ kl5kl5 nu]/ vf]nf5]psf] dlGb/ k'luof] . ToxfF s'g}s'g} gt{sLx¿sf] c;fdfGo Jojxf/ b]v]/ d rlst k/]F . ;a} k"hf ;s]/ kmls{g] a]nfdf lrg]sL gt{sLnfO{ ;f]Wbf kf] yfxf eof] gfrsf] nflu j:q nufO{ tof/ e};s]kl5 tL gt{sLx¿df cgf}7f] lsl;dn] b}jLzlQm k|fKt x'Fbf]/x]5 . ;'Gbf ljZjf; gnfUg] t/ ljZjf; ug}{kg]{ cgf}7f] ;To lyof] . OG›fo0fLsf] k"hf ;s]kl5 nueu csf]{ rf/ jif{sf] nflu ToxfFsf] of] hfqf ;lsFbf] /x]5 . k"hfcfhf ;s]/ ltg} 6f]nL;Fu afhfufhf;lxt gu/ k|j]z u/L 3/lt/ nfu]F .

hfqf ;lsPsf] ef]lnkN6 xfdL sf7df8f}F kmls{g] ;'/;f/df nfUof}F . laxfgsf] vfgf vfP/ lxF8\g] ;Nnfxcg';f/ a]n}df vfgf vfP/ sf7df8f}F /jfgfsf] xfdL tof/ eof}F . laxfgsf] sl/a P3f/ ah]lt/ cfkmGt;Fu labf lnP/ Tof] ;fgf] ;'Gb/ kfn'ªsf] e"ld 5f8]/ sf7df8f}Fsf nflu sbd cufl8 a9fOof] . kmls{g] a]nf klg d / lbnLk ;Fu} df]6/;fOsndf lxF8\of} . t/, Tolt a]nfsf] cfsfz eg] Psbd ;kmf lyof] . To;}n] ;'?sf] lbgh:tf] ?emfOdf kl/Fb}g eGg] s'/fdf d ljZj:t lyPF . lqe'jg /fhkysf] pxL 3'DtL, pxL psfnf–cf]/fnf af6f l5rf]Nb} xfdL lg/Gt/ cufl8 al9/Xof}F . oltv]/ dnfO{ ;'?sf] lbgdf h:tf] 8/ nfu]sf] lyPg .

cfsfz v'nf ePsfn] j/k/sf] k|fs[lts ;'Gb/tf lgofNg dnfO{ ;lhnf] e}/x]sf] lyof] . k|km'lNnt dgn] g]kfnsf] ;'Gb/ k|s[ltnfO{ cfFvfdf s}b ub}{ cufl8 al9/xFbf af6f] sf6]sf] kQ} kfOPg . ldlnSs ub}{ yfgsf]6 cfOk'u]em}F nfUof] dnfO{ o; k6ssf] ofqfdf . sl/a tLg ah]lt/ dnfO{ 8]/f5]p 5f8]/ lbnLk 3/lt/ nfu] . d sk8f km]l/j/L Ps l5gsf] lj>fd lnO{ lgoldt sfddf h'6\g yfn]F .

ìì

cd/ Hof]lt÷48

3'Dg' cfkm}Fdf /dfOnf]dfq xf]Og, 3'Dg' sf]7fdf a;]/ cWoog ug'{eGbf 1fg xfl;n ug]{ Pp6f dxŒjk"0f{ dfWod klg xf] . 3'dfO cfkm}Fdf dnfO{ Ps pT;fxhgs sfo{ nfUb5 . dnfO{ 3'dfO afnkgb]lv g} /dfOnf] nfUbYof] . h'g lbgb]lv d}n] >d a]Rg ;'? u/]F, tL sfo{ glxF8];Dd k"/f gx'g] lyP . b]zsf ljleGg 7fpFdf uO{ cWoog ug'{kg]{ ePsfn]] k]zfk|ltsf] lhDd]jf/L / dfofn] ubf{ cfˆgf] k|d'v lhDd]jf/L lgjf{x ubf{ub}{ csf]{ pkxf/ ¿kdf cfpF5— b]zsf] x/]s e"uf]nsf] ;+:s[lt, efiff, /xg;xg / k|s[lt cflbsf af/]sf] hfgsf/L . o;/L d]/f] k]zf …Ps kGy, cg]s sfdÚ eO/x]sf] 5 .

Oltxf;df /fHolj:tf/sf] cj:yfsf nflu Ps–csf]{ /fHoaLrdf n8fOF eO{ h'g kIfn] o'4df lht xfl;n ub{5, p;n] pQm 7fpFdf cfˆgf] zf;g u/]sf] kfOG5 . g]kfn lgdf{0fsf] ;dodf klg To:tf cg]sg\ o'4af6 ljhoL ePkl5 dfq g]kfn, cfhsf] /fhgLlts ;Ldfleq /xg uPsf] xf] . g]kfnsf dxŒjk"0f{ u9LdWo] P]ltxfl;s /;'jfu9L Ps dxŒjk"0f{ u9L xf] g]kfn–ltAat o'4sf ;dodf rn]sf] o'4df lrlgofF kIfnfO{ x/fpg ;kmn of] u9L Oltxf;sf] kfgfdf ;'gf}nf] cIf/df gfd n]lvPsf] u9L xf] .

;do @)&$ kmfu'gsf] xf] . /;'jfu9L hfg] eg]kl5 dg s]xL r~rn e}/x]sf] lyof] . o;eGbf klxnf klg /;'jfsf] Ps–b'O{ k6s ofqf ul/;s]sf] lyPF . t/, /;'jfu9L hfg] cj;/rflxF h'/]sf] lyPg . o; k6s /;'jfu9L hfg] cj;/dfq xf]Og, Pp6f k]zfut lhDd]jf/L klg plQs} 7"nf] lyof] . Tof] lyof]— /ftdf6]–/;'jfu9L–s]?ª $)) s]=le= k|;f/0f nfOg cfof]hgfsf] k"j]{If0f ;e]{sf] sfd . ha k]zf / cfˆgf] OR5fsf] d]n x'G5, ToxfFeGbf 7"nf] v';L c¿ nfUb}g . dtnj ;e]{sf] k]zf g} b]zsf] x/]s e"uf]ndf pkl:yt eO{ ToxfFsf] jf:tljs ef}uf]lns hfgsf/L lng' xf] eg] cfˆgf] ?lr klg gofFgofF k|s[lt / ;+:s[lt;Fu 3'nldn eO{ To;sf] /;kfg ug{df cfglGbt e};s]kl5 k]zfk|lt akmfbf/, sfdk|lt Odfgbfl/tfdfq xf]Og, cfˆgf] ?lrsf] ljifodf cWoog ug{ s'g} gofF ;do–tflnsf / 5'§} sfo{of]hgf agfO/xg gkg]{ x'Fbf Tof] eGbf c¿ v'zL s] g} x'G5 / Û

lgofqf

P]ltxfl;s :yn /;'jfu9Ldf k'Ubf

cfljisf/ snf

cd/ Hof]lt÷49

@)&$ kmfu'g !! df /;'jfu9Lsf hfgsf nflu xfdL klxnf] lbg uf8Lsf] ?6 to u¥of}F . uf8L laxfg % ah] OlGhlgo/ ljj]s sfsL{ dxf]bonfO{ lng eQmk'/ glngrf]s hfg], To;kl5 dnfO{ lng sf]6]Zj/ cfpg], To;kl5 OlGhlgo/ Clifs]z Gof}kfg] dxf]bonfO{ lng rfkfufpF hfg], To;kl5 csf]{ ;e]{o/ ;fyL /fhg lnDa" dxf]bonfO{ lng hfg] / ;ft ah] rqmkyaf6 aflx/ lg:sg] of]hgfcg';f/ xfdL ;a}nfO{ PsLs[t ug]{ sfd rfns >Lnfn ;'jfn dxf]bon] ug'{eof] .

k"j{lgwf{l/t ;docg';f/ xfdL Ps–cfk;df e]6 e};s]kl5 ;ft ah] g} rqmkyaf6 aflx/ lg:s]/ 6f]vfsf] af6f] x'Fb} hfgsf nflu xfd|f] uf8L cl3 a9\of] . uf8Ldfq cufl8 a9]sf] lyPg, xfdL klg cufl8 a9\b} lyof}F . xfdLeGbf s}of}F cl3 s'lb/x]sf] lyof] xfd|f] dg, h'g dgsf] ult clxn];Ddsf j}1flgs cfljisf/x¿n] klg dfkg ug{ ;s]sf 5}gg\ . sf7df8f}Fsf] w'nf]w'jfF, c:tJo:ttfnfO{ 5f8]/ k|s[ltsf] cuf{lgs sfvdf hfg kfpFbf w'nf]w'jfF c:tJo:ttfaf6 dfq alrFb}g, cfˆgf] cfo' g} a9]sf] efg x'G5 .

ofqfdf hfFbfhfFb} ha 6f]vf kf/ u/]/ emf]/ x'Fb} cufl8 al9of], dg cfglGbt x'Fb} uof], dgsf s't"xntf klg hfUb} cfpg yfn] . ha u'h]{ eGHofª k'u]/ rf/}tkm{ gh/ nufpg yflnof], ta kmfu'gsf] hf8f]nfO{ z/L/n] kjf{x ug{ 5f8\of] . ToxfF k|s[ltsf] sfvdf ;fdLKotf x'Fbfsf] cg'ej a]Un} lyof] . sf7df8f}Fsf] a;fO o;eGbf klxnf w]/} ;do gePsf] x'Fbf Ps dlxgf a:g klg xDd]xDd] nfUg] cj:yfdf k|s[ltsf] sfvdf /dfpg kfpFbfsf] If0f slt Kof/f], slt Û hxfFaf6 rf/}lt/ dgf]/d b[Zofjnf]sg ug{ ;lsGYof] . sf7df8f}F pkTosf a;f]af;sf nflu c:j:Yos/ eP klg u'h]{ eGHofªaf6 gh/ nufpFbfrflxF dgf]/d g} b]lvFbf]/x]5 . ToxL bfofFafofFsf] rf}3]/fsf b[Zox¿nfO{ eljiodf ;d]t k'gtf{huL lbg] dg;fon] xfdLx¿n] clncln Sofd/fnfO{ klg ofqfdf ;lqmo agfpmF eg]/ s]xL kmf]6f lvlrof] . clg, xfd|f] ofqf lg/Gt/ cufl8 a9\of]Ù uf8L /ˆtf/;Fu . uf8Lsf] leqaf6 b]lvg] aflx/L b[Zox¿ Kflg ToxL /ˆtf/d} s}b ub}{ xfdL cufl8 a9\of}F . s]xL l5gd} g'jfsf]6 lhNnfsf] lnv' gbLn] agfPsf] 7"nf] kmfF6 yfgl;+x 5x/] k'luof] .

lnv'n] agfPsf] 7"nf] kmfF6 l;FrfO afx|}df; Joj:yf b]Vbf dgdf b]z ljsf;df efjgf plAh/x] . oxL lnv'h:t} vf]nsf] kfgL / o:t} kmfF6x¿sf] dxQd pkof]u u/]df b]zn] cjZo g} sfFr'nL km]g]{ lyof] . uf8LnfO{ cfˆgf] ultaf6 rfns >Lnfn ;'jfnn] sd ug'{ePsf] 5}g . b]zsf rfnsx¿n] klg cfˆgf] ult sd gu/]sf] eP ;fob cfh xfdL ljsf; / k|ljlwdf xfdL

cd/ Hof]lt÷50

;+;f/df cu|0fL x'GYof}F ls eGg] ;f]Rbf uf8Ln] lnv' gbL kf/ ul/;s]kl5 xfdL l9s'/] kmfF6df cfFvf nufpFb} ofqf cl3 a9\of] . b[Zofjnf]sg dgdf s't"xntf ;f]r–ljrf/ ubf{ub}{ xfdL g'jfsf]6sf] ;b/d'sfd ljb'/ k'Uof}F . ljb'/ ahf/sf] aflx/L :j¿k s]xL dfqfdf x]l/;s]kl5 dg cfglGbt eof] . o; klxnf hfFbf ahf/ Tolt 3'ldPsf] lyPg . o;kfln klxnfeGbf s]xL a9Lrflx cjZo 3'ldof] t/ k"/fk"/ rflxF xf]Og . afFsL If]q csf]{ k6s g'jfsf]6 3'dfOnfO{ afFsL /flvof] .

;do, uf8L / dflg;sf] ultdf s'g} km/s lyPg . klxnf]nfO{ k|s[ltn] g} pmhf{ lbg] x'Fbf pm s;}nfO{ laGtLefp ub}{g . xfdL bf];|f / t];|fx¿ b'j}nfO{ pmhf{sf] cfjZostf k/]sf] dx;'; x'g yfNof] . clg, xfdL xfd|f] pmhf{sf] nflu 9'Ë]df ysfnL xf]6nlt/ nfUof}F . vfgf vfO;s]kl5 ca xfd|f] ofqf kf;fªNxfd' /fhdfu{;Fu x'g] s'/f dgdf u'Gb} cufl8 a9\of}F . lqz"nLsf] bfofFafofF g'jfsf]6sf] cfsfzdf cfFvf / dg 8'nfpFb} hfFbf ofqf cl3 a9\b} lyof] . ha xfdL P]ltxfl;s :yn a]qfjtLglhs k'Uof}F, jL/tfsf] Oltxf; af]s]sf] :yndf k'Ubf s'g g]kfnLsf] 5ftL uj{n] gkm'Nnf / Û

a]qfjtLdf ha kmFnfv' vf]nf kf/ u¥of}F xfdL, /;'jf lhNnfsf] e"–efudf kfOnf 6]Sof}F . jL/tfsf] Oltxf; ;DemFb} / ;fyLx¿nfO{ oxfFsf] P]ltxfl;s hfgsf/L lbFb} uf8L /f]sL lqz"nL gbLnfO{ x]¥of}F . /;'jfnfO{ clGtd 7fpFdf hxfFlg/ lqz"nLn] 5f8\of], ToxfFaf6 ca xfd|f] ofqf lqz"nLsf] dxŒjk"0f{ ;xfos gbL hxfF ef]6]sf]zL gfds/0f x'G5, cyf{t\ g]kfn–rLg l;dfgf /;'jfu9L k'Ug' 5 .

P]ltxfl;s 7fpF /fli6«o dxŒjsf] cfof]hgfsf] nflu hfFb} ubf{ dgdf pT;fx / s't"xntf plQs} al9/x]sf] lyof] . kmfu'gsf] dlxgfdf k|s[ltn] cfˆgf] ;f}Gbo{sf] hjfgL t b]vfpg ;Qm}g t/ klg /;'jfsf] kl/j]zsf bfofFafofFsf] jftfj/0f x]b}}{ xfdL cufl8 a9\of}F . s]xL l5gdf xfdL sflnsf:yfg k'Uof}F . ToxfF g]kfnL ;]gfsf] r]shfFrkl5 jfl/kfl/ b]lvg] g]kfnL :jfledfgsf kxf8x¿ lgofNb} lg/Gt/ cufl8 a9\of}F . tL 7"nf7"nf kxf8 b]Vbf nfUof] oL chË kxf8x¿n] g} xfdLnfO{ cfˆgf] :jfledfg 8udu gu/\ x} eg]/ ;ª\s]t u/]h:tf] nfUof] .

Oltxf;b]lv cfh;Dd xhf/f}F k|fs[lts ljklQx¿;Fu ;fdgf ub{}} cfh;Dd kxf8 g} eP/ g]kfnL kxf8n] :jfledfgLdfq b]vfPsf 5}gg\, log} kxf8x¿n] a]F;Lsf kmfF6x¿ / d}bfgL e"efu agfpg cfˆgf] z/L/ bfg klg lg/Gt/ u/]sf] b]Vbf nfU5 g]kfnL kxf8 :jfledfgdfq xf]Og, cfd dfgjhfltsf] k|f0f wfGg] cgfh pTkfbg ug]{ kmfF6 agfpg] df6f], hl8a'6Lsf] e08f/ ug]{ kxf8x¿ dfgj hflts} lgldQ plePsf] nfU5 . /ˆtf/sf] ofqfdf xfdL lyof}F .

cd/ Hof]lt÷51

/;'jfu9L k'Ug] Wo]o lyof] . ;w}Fel/ rrf{df cfpg] /fDr]sf] klx/f]lg/ ha k'luof], Ps l5g uf8L /f]Sof}F . kf;fªNxfd' /fhdfu{df nfdf] uf8L rnfpg'ePsf xfd|f uf8Lrfns >Lnfn ;'jfn klx/f]sf] k'/fgf] ljj/0f ;'gfpg'eof] .

tn lqz"nL x]¥of}F . kfl/ /;'jfsf] kxf8dfq x]/]gf}F, tL b[Zox¿ Oltxf;sf nflu Sod]/fdf s}b ub}{ cufl8 a9\of}F . g]kfnsf] kxf8L e"uf]ndf k|fo ;fF3'/f] af6f]Ù oxfF klg af6f]sf] cj:yf p:t} g} lyof] . ;8ssf] bfofFafofFsf r§fgx¿ chË 9'Ëfx¿ x]b}{ /dfOnf] kl/j]zsf tL 9'Ëfdf cfTdLotf lsg a9\of], yfxf ePg . t/, k|foM 7"nf 9'Ëfx¿sf] ;fdLKotfdf kmf]6fx¿ lnO{ xfdL cl3 a9\of}F . ;fdfGotof s7f]/ dflg;nfO{ 9'Ëfsf] dg eG5g\ t/ klg lsg lsg tL 9'Ëfx¿;Fu} kmf]6f lng dg nfU5 < ls cfhsn 9'Ëfx¿ g/d / dflg;x¿ s7f]/ t ePsf 5}gg\ <

kf;fªNxfd' /fhdfu{, /;'jf, /;'jfu9L, uf];fO{“s'08 cflbsf] af/]df rrf{, kl/rrf{ ubf{ub{} tL kfl/ x]g"{ t s:tf] x} Û eGb} xfdL cfk;df hfgsf/L lnFbflnFb} /;'jfsf] ;b/d'sfd w'Gr] k'Uof}F . kmfu'gsf] dlxgf, df};dsf] lgodd} lr;f] x'g] df};d . w'Gr]df ha cf]ln{of}F, lr;f] dx;'; ul/of] . vfhfsf] nflu Ps xf]6ndf al;of] . xf]6njfnf;Fu s]xL hfgsf/L lng vf]h]sf], pgL /x]5g\ ef/t ;Ltfd8Lsf :yfoL jfl;Gbf, sl/a b'O{ bzsb]lv w'Gr]df k;n Joj;fo u/]sf Jofkf/L . To;kl5 pgsf] vfhf vfO{ xfdL cufl8 nfUof}F .

ca of] cfof]hgfsf] lj:t[t ;e]{sf nflu sl/a b'O{ dlxgf /;'jf g} al;G5 . To;af/]df hfgsf/L kl5 lnFb} u/f}Fnf eg]/ xfdL cufl8 a9\of}F . cfdlxGb"x¿sf] kljq tLy{:yn / g]kfnsf] dxŒjk"0f{ ko{6sLo :yn uf];fO{“s'08 hfg] af6f] oxL w'Gr]af6 5'l§g'k5{ . xfd|f] ;e]{ ;d"xsf ;a} ;fyLx¿ ;a}n] Ps k6s uf];fO{“s'08sf] ofqf u/]sf /x]5f}F . ;a}n] cf–cfˆgf] /f]rs cg'ej ;'gfpg'eof] . o; uf];fO{“s'08 af/]df km]l/ s'g} csf]{ ofqf ljj/0fdf k]z u/f}Fnf .

w'Gr]af6 yf]/} cufl8 /;'jfu9L hfg] af6f]df Pp6f ;fgf] vf]nf cfpF5, h'g uf];fO{“s'08af6 au]/ cfpg] kfgL cfpF5 . h;nfO{ elgG5, lqz"nL vf]nf . h'g s]xL tn ef]6f]sf]zLdf ldl;G5 . kfgLsf] axfj lx;fan] lqz"nLsf] t'ngfdf ef]6]sf]zLsf] 7"nf] 5 t/ klg gbLsf] gfd lqz"nL g} elgG5 . ;fdfGotf b'O{ vf]nf, gbL cfk;df ldl;Pdf ls 7"nf] gbLsf] gfd lnOG5 ls gofF gfds/0f ul/G5 . t/, oxfF jxfa ;fgf] ePsf] gbLn] gfddf g]t[Tj u/]sf] 5 . g]kfnsf gbL gfds/0fdf kfOg] s]xL lj/n} b[i6fGtdWo] of] Ps xf] .

h;/L e"uf]ndf ;fgf] eP klg g]kfn ljZje/df rlr{t 5 . To;}n] kfgLsf] axfa ;fgf] eP/ klg lqz"nL cu|0fL 5 . of] HjnGt pbfx/0f

cd/ Hof]lt÷52

cfddflg;nfO{ k|s[ltn] lbPsf] 7"nf] pbfx/0f xf] . ef}lts ¿kdf ;fgf]–7"nf] x'Fb}df g} ;a}df ;fgf]–7"nf] dfkg oxL g} x'G5 eGg] xf]Og . uf8Lsf] ult lg/Gt/ al9/x]sf] 5 . xfdL 7"nf] efv'{xF'b} cufl8 a9\of}F . s]xL k/ 3'DtLaf6 lqz"nLsf] dgdf]xs b[Zodfq b]lvFb}g, k6s–k6s ofqf ug]{x¿nfO{ ;d]t df]lxt / kmf]6f lvrf}F–lvrf}F agfpg] afx| 3'DtL b]lvFbf dg nf]let x'G5 . xfdLn] klg k|s[ltdflysf] dfgjLo ;+/rgfnfO{ s}b u¥of}F . ofqf g]kfn–rLg ;Ldf;Dd k'Ug' 5 . xfdL cufl8 a9\of}F . afx| 3'DtL ;lsFbf xfdL ef]6]sf]zLsf] lsgf/ftkm{ k'Uof}F . ef]6f]sf]zLsf] lsgf/fdf ef]6]sf]zLn] ufO/x]sf] b]zelQmk"0f{ uLt–;ª\uLt ;'Gb} cufl8 a9\of}F . ef]6]sf]zLsf] lsgf/fdf :ofk|m'a]F;Lsf] d'vdf g]kfnsf] uf}/j lrlnd] hnljB't\ cfof]hgfsf] kfj/xfp; b]lvG5 . h'g b]Vbf xfdLx¿nfO{ klg uj{ nfU5 . cem xfdLx¿ klg g]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0fs} sd{rf/L ePsf] x'Fbf uj{sf] 5ftL emg\ 7"nf] eof] . of] cfof]hgfsf] af/]df OlGhlgo/ Clifs]z Gof}kfg] dxf]bon] ;'?jftL r/0fb]lvsf] s'/f k|sfz kfg'{eof] . xfdL lrlnd]sf] kfj/xfp;df km]l/ 3'Dg] jfrf;lxt cufl8 a9\of}F . glhs}sf] ;fgf] t/ dxŒjk"0f{ / k'/fgf] ahf/ :ofk|m'a]F;L ahf/df xfdL k'Uof}F . gh/ 8'nfO{ cl3 a9\g'sf] ljsNk xfdLdf lyPg .

:ofk|m'a]F;Ldf ef]6f]sf]zL / nfª6fª vf]nf Ps–cfk;df ldl;P/ cl3 a9\5g\ eg] oxL :ofk|m'a]F;Lsf] afofFaf6 kxf8sf] 3'dfp/f] af6f] afx'g 8fF8fx'Fb} P]ltxfl;s 3n] b/af/, ko{6sLo / wfld{s:yn kfj{tLs'08, To;}u/L uf]Nh'ª / lrlnd] hfg ;lsG5 . lrlnd] hnljB't\ cfof]hgf agfpFbf klg oxL af6f] k|of]u ul/Psf] lyof] . xfdL eg] ef]6]sf]zLsf] lsgf/}lsgf/ cl3 nfUof}F . :ofk|m'a]F;LeGbf s]xL k/ lrlnd] vf]nf / ef]6]sf]zL ldl;G5 . hxfFaf6 Pp6f af6f] lrlnd], kfh'ª, tftf]kfgLnufotsf ufpFtkm{ hfG5 eg] csf{] af6f] y'dg x'Fb} gfuynLlt/ hfG5 . xfdL eg] tL b'j} af6f] guO{ cfˆgf] lhDd]jf/L axg ug]{ af6f] ef]6f]sf]zLsf] lsgf/} lsgf/ nfUof}F . ef]6f]sf]zLsf] ;';fO ;'Gb}, /dfpFb} xfdL al9/Xof}F .

s]xL l5gsf] ofqfkl5 xfdL ef]6]sf]zLsf] lsgf/df aGb} u/]sf] 7"nf] ;+/rgf b]Vof} . s] /x]5 eg]/ x]bf{ !!! d]ufjf6sf] lgdf{0ffwLg /;'jfu9L hnljB't\ cfof]hgfsf] kfj/xfp; If]q /x]5 . b]zsf] kfgL o;/L g} ;b'kof]u u/]df b]zdfq pHofnf] x'g] xf]Og, b]zsf] cfly{s ljsf; / kl;gf kf]Vg ljb]lzg] g]kfnL bfh'efOx¿n] :jb]zdf g} kl;gf kf]vL cfˆgf] dft[e"ldnfO{ xF;fpg] lyP eGb} s]xL kmf]6fx¿ Sod]/fdf s}b u¥of}F .

af6f]sf] lsgf/feGbf s]xL tn tftf]kfgLsf] s'08 /x]5, ToxfF cjnf]sg ul/of] . etet pdfn]sf] kfgLh:tf] tftf] kfgL k|s[ltsf] ue{af6

cd/ Hof]lt÷53

cfPsf] b]Vbf crDd dflgof] . ToxfF g'xfpg kbf{ lr;f] kfgL ld;fPkl5 dfq g'xfpg ;lsg] cj:yfsf] tftf] kfgL b]Vbf x]/]sf] x]¥o} eOof] . o; 7fpFdf df;'sf] nflu sfl6g] v;L, af]sf, s'v'/f cflb ToxLF glhs sf6]/ ToxL tftf] kfgLsf] k|of]un] 5fnfaflx/sf] kmf]x/ ;kmf ul/Fbf] /x]5 . Toltdfq xf]Og, ToxfF :yfgLosf] egfOcg';f/ tftf]kfgLeGbf dfly v;L, af]sf, s'v'/f sf6\g'xF'b}g eGg] wfld{s dfGotf klg /x]5 .

/;'jfu9Lsf] glhs glhs xfdLx¿ k'Ub} lyof}F . dgdf gofFgofF s't"xntf plQs} lyP . tftf]kfgLaf6 glhs} ;fgf] l6d'/] ahf/ k'luof] . k|x/L rf}sL, eG;f/ sfof{no cflbdf uf8L btf{ u/L xfdL cufl8 a9\of}F . k/ l;dfgfdf lrlgofF ejg b]lvg ;'? eof] . dgdf pT;fx;Fu} s]xL kf/ u¥of}F . csf]{ ;fgf] ahf/, h;sf] gfds/0f ToxL axg] vf]nfsf] cfwf/df 3§]vf]nf elgFbf] /x]5, ToxfF Ps l5g gh/ nufOof] . afofFlt/ ef]6]sf]zLsf] ;';fO eg] bfofFlt/ ;fgf] ahf/ . k|foM k;nx¿ aGb lyP . xfdLn] cg'dfg u¥of}FÙ kmfu'gsf] lr;f]n] ubf{ aGb ePsf] xf]nf . xfdL cl3 a9\g] b"/L w]/} nfdf] lyPg . lrlgofF l;dfgfdf rLgsf] 7"nf] ejg k|i6 b]lvG5 eg] ef]6]sf]zLsf] afofF lsgf/fdf !!! d]ufjf6sf] /;'jfu9L hnljB't\ cfof]hgfsf] 8\ofd;fO6df lg/Gt/ sfd eO/x]sf] b]lvG5 . xfd|f] d'Vo sfdrflx /ftdf6]–/;'jfu9L–s]?ª $)) s]=le= cGt/b]zLo k|;f/0f nfOg cfof]hgfsf] k"j]{If0f ;e]{sf] sfd lyof] . To;sf nflu xfdL;Fu ePsf] HAND GPS cg u¥of} / 6f]kf] gS;f km'sfO{ cWoog ug{ yfNof}F . GPS df lgb]{zfÍ (CO-ordinate) / 6f]kf] gS;f x]b{} g]kfn–rLg ;Ldf;DDf k'Uof}F . l;dfgfsf] r§fg] eL/sf] dfly xfdLn] vf]h]sf] lgb]{zfÍ b]vfpF5 .

kmfu'gsf]] dlxgf ;fFemkv lr;f]lr;f] e};s]sfn] af;sf] nflu xf]6n klg Joj:yf ug'{kg]{ ePsfn] ef]ln laxfg lj:t[t ¿kdf x]g]{ ;Nnfxsf ;fydf xfdL af;sf nflu 3§]vf]nflt/ nfUof}F . k|foM xf]6n aGb g} lyP . lr;f]n] g} xf] ls eg]/ cl3 al9of] . l6d'/]df klg xf]6n gkfPdf :ofk|m'a]F;L hfg'k5{ eGg] ;Nnfx ub}{ xfdL cufl8 nfUof}F . l6d'/]df klg k|foM xf]6n aGb b]lvof] . k'ln; rf}sLlg/ s]xL ;f]Wof}F xf]6nsf] af/]df . 8\o'6Ldf /x]sf k|x/Ln] of] dflysf] xf]6ndf a'‰g" t eGbf dflysf] xf]6n 6f;L 9]n]ssf] ;fx'gLn] æ5, 5, af; a:g ldN5,Æ eg]kl5 xfdL af;sf] nflu l6d'/]df /x]sf] xf]6n 6f;L 9]n]sdf uof}F . xf]6ndf uO{ sf]7f x]l/;s]kl5 xfdLx¿sf] klxnf] k|Zg lyof], æoxfFsf xf]6nx¿ Kf;nx¿ lr;f]n] xf] ls cGo sf/0fn] aGb ePsf] <Æ

t/, sf/0frflxF csf]{ /x]5 . lrlgof gofF jif{ j;Gt kj{sf sf/0f rLgdf ljbf x'Fbf]/x]5 . Jofkfl/s gfsf ePsf sf/0f Psftkm{ ljbf x'Fbf csf]{

cd/ Hof]lt÷54

tkm{ g]kfnlt/ klg g]kfnL k;nx¿ aGb ePsf /x]5g\ . 3fd lIflth kfl/ uO;s]sf] lyof] . lr;f] a]:;/L lyof] . ef]ln laxfg sfd ug]{ s'/f ub}{ xfdL xf]6ndf a:of}F .

kmfu'g !@ ut] laxfg lkmN8sf nflu tof/L eO{ xfdL u9Llt/ nfUof}F . h'g :yfgdf xfdL k'Ug'kg]{ lyof], ToxfFlg/ Psbd r§fg] eL/, dfly kxf8sf] 6'Kkf]df x]bf{ 6f]kL v:nfh:tf] 7f8f] eL/, To;dfly e"sDkn] xNnfPsf] / emf/]sf] 9'Ëf x]¥of}F . hfg ;Sg] / k|;f/0f nfOgsf] 6fj/ /fVg ;lsg] 7fpF;Dd uO{ ToxfFsf] lgb]{zfÍ Nofof}F .

To;kl5 ToxfF Ps hgf a"9f] dflg; e]l6g'eof] . s]xL s'/f u¥of}F . klxnf oxfF s:tf] lyof] cflbcflb . clg, pxfFnfO{ ;f]Wof}F, æu9L stf k5{ <Æ

pxfFn] atfpg'eof]— hxfF xfdL lxhf] / cfh k'u]sf lyof}F, ;Ldfglhs, ToxfF g} /x]5 . xfdL ;a} pT;fxsf ;fy u9L x]g{ uof}F . ToxfF n8fOFsf] a]nfsf] s]xL ;+/rgf klg b]Vg kfOG5 eg] lj=;+= !(!@ sf] lznfkq / P]ltxfl;s :yn /;'jfu9L egL g]kfnL / cª\u|]hLdf n]lvPsf] ;"rgf–kf6L klg b]Vg ;lsG5 . hxfFsf] ;"rgf kf6Ldf lgDg ;"rgf k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5— …/;'jfu9L k|frLgsfnb]lv g]kfn / ef]6aLr rNg] Jofkf/sf] k|d'v dfu{sf] ¿kdf /lxcfPsf] lyof] .Ú of] dWosfnsf] pQ/f4{;Dd klg k|d'v Jofkfl/s dfu{ / s]Gb|sf] ¿kdf sfod /x]sf] b]lvG5 .

pQ/af6 lnª\b] / klZrdaf6

lhpg] ltdLn] g} xf]

udL{sf] 3fdn] t kf]N5 ;fyLgl/;fpm of] k|s[ltsf] lgod xf]a? x'GYof] 5ftf cf]9]s} hftLcflv/ lhpg] t ltdLn] g} xf] .

rsf{ :j/n] lht x'g]ePlsg Wj:t x'Gy] 7"nf zx/x¿a? x'GYof] ld7f] af]n]s} hftLcflv/ lhpg] t ltdLn] g} xf] .

df6f]df dfq sxfF 3/ aG5 /9'Ëf km'6]/ df6f] g;dfPkl5a? ;a}sf] d]n e}lbP x'GYof]cflv/ lhpg] t ltdLn] g} xf] .

cfsfz hqf] wg vf]Hg] hdftdfsxfF cfkm"nfO{ vf]Hg ;SYof} /a? TofuL ag cfkm}FnfO{ lrGg]5f} cflv/ lhpg] t ltdLn] g} xf] .ìì

zf/bfb]jL e§/fO{

sljtf

cd/ Hof]lt÷55

s]?ª vf]nf ldn]/ ef]6]sf]zL ag]sf] 5 . oL b'O{ vf]nfsf] ;ª\udglhs /;'jfu9L lgdf{0f ePsf] 5 .

axfb'/ zfxsf] ;dodf ePsf] g]kfn–ef]6 o'4df ef]6sf] ;xfotsf] nflu oxL af6f]x'Fb} cfPsf lrlgofF kmf}hn] g]kfnLx¿nfO{ x/fpFb} a]qfjtL;Dd k'u]sf lyP elgG5 .

To;}u/L kl5 hËaxfb'/sf kfnfdf ePsf] g]kfn–ef]6 o'4df ltAatLnfO{ x/fPkl5 g]kfnL kmf}h u9Lsf] af6f] xF'b} s]?ª / lbju{;Dd k'u]sf] lyP . To;} o'4sf] ;dodf -lj=;+= !(!@ ;fn_ df o; u9L lgdf{0f ePsf] lyof] . /;'jf u9Lsf] gfdaf6 g} /;'jf lhNnfsf] gfd /xg uPsf] xf] . of] u9L xfn nfª6fª /fli6«o lgs'~hleq kb{5 .

;"rgf / u9Lsf] ;+/rgf x]bf{ k'vf{n] dft[e"ldsf nflu kf]v]sf] /ut / kl;gfk|lt uj{ nfU5 . Oltxf;sf] s'g} sfnv08df ef]6sf w]/} ;fdfg / ef]6sf nflu k};f;d]t ot} g]kfnL 6S;f/af6 agfP/ k7fpg] b]z cfh x/]s b]zx¿;Fu ;xof]usf] ofrgf dfu ub}{ 5 . Oltxf; k9\bf / jt{dfgsf] cj:yf b]Vbf s'g b]zeQm ;k'tsf] dg gb'Vnf / l;dfgfdf lrlgofF kIfsf] 7"nf] cfw'lgs ;'ljwf ;DkGg ejg otf g]kfnlt/ lgjf{xd'vL sfof{no b]Vbf gfsfaf6 ofqf ug]{ lrlgofF / ljb]zLx¿n] s] d"Nofª\sg u5{g\ xf]nf, jL/tfsf] Oltxf; af]s]sf] gfsfaf6 jif{df xhf/f}F ko{6s cfjthfjt u5{g\ t/ hLjGt Oltxf; af]s]sf] o; u9Laf/] w]/}df cgle1tf kfOof] . ;don] tL ko{6sx¿, h;n] u9Lsf] dxfg\ P]ltxfl;stf ga'emL uP km]l/ a'‰g s'g} lbg ToxfF Nofpg]5 .

u9Lj/k/ 3'ldof] . o'4sf] ;dodf ;fob oxLF /fv]/ aGb's k8\sfP xf]nfg\ egL sNkgf ub}{ lbdfudf lrq ;'/lIftdfq ul/Pg, To;sf] cnjf Sofd/fdf lrq s}b u/L xfdL cfˆgf] sfdlt/ nfUof}F . g]kfnsf] hLjGt Oltxf; ;Demfpg] a'emfpg] o; u9L cf]em]ndf k/]sf] b]Vbf dg b'V5 . cfufdL lbgdf cfGtl/s ko{6sx¿ sDtLdf klg ljBfnox¿n] ug]{ z}lIfs e|d0fsf] :yn eP klg of] :yfg agf];\, h;n] ubf{ slnnf tL gofF d'gfx¿n] b]zsf] df6f]k|lt k'vf{n] b]vfPsf] ;d{k0f yfxf kfpg ;s"g\ . olb tkfO{“–xfdL cGo pd]/ ;d"xsf eP klg g]kfnL jL/tfsf lrgf] ePsf 7fpFdf Ps k6s hfg kfof}F eg] ;fFlRrs} g]kfnL jL/tfsf] 5ftL km]l/ km}lng ;S5 .

ììeverestkala@gmail.com

cd/ Hof]lt÷56

agf/;b]lv cof]Wof;Dd

;'?Ms'g} nfdf] ofqfdf ;l/s eP/ e|d0fsf ax'cfoflds ef]ufOnfO{

cg'e"ltsf] rf:gLdf 3f]n]/ lgofqf n]Vg] /x/ xfn;Dd k"/f x'g kfPsf] lyPg . To:tf] ;+hf]u h'/]sf] lyPg g} egf}F . ;+hf]usf] lgufx kfpg dgnfO{ tof/ ug'{k5{ eGg] s'/f 1ft ePkl5 o;kfln eg] dgnfO{ tof/ kfl/of], Jo:ttfnfO{ Joj:yfkg ul/of] / ;'? ul/of] ef/tsf] pQ/k|b]zcGtu{t kg]{ agf/; x'Fb} cof]Wof;Ddsf] tLy{ofqf . cSsnfb]jL s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf ljb'/–%, g'jfsf]6sf cWoIf Pjd\ g'jfsf]6 cfbz{ ax'd'vL SofDk; a§f/sf k|fWofks lht]Gb| cof{nn] tLy{ofqfsf] sG;]K6 l8hfOg u/]sf /x]5g\ . ;f]xL ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf ;~rfns ;b:o, ufpFd} a;L s[lifqmflGtsf] cu'jfO ul//x]sf d]/f HjfOF lzjk|;fb e§/fO{n] @)&^ dª\l;/ & ut]b]lv ;ftfJofkL tLy{ofqf ;'? x'g] ;"rgf lbP . ttkZrft\ gfd btf{ u/fpg]b]lv /sdsndsf] Joj:yfkg, gful/stfsf] k|df0fkq ;ª\sng, ef=?= ;6xL, vfBfGg / nQfsk8f Joj:yfkgnufotsf ;a} sfd kmQ] u/L cfdfsf] ;fydf tLy{ofqfdf ;l/s x'gsf nflu ;Dk"0f{ tof/L k"/f ul/of] . wfld{s ko{6g k|j4{g ug]{, k'gtf{huL k|fKt ug]{ / ;xsfl/tfsf] l;4fGtnfO{ k'ga{n ug]{ p2]Zosf ;fy ;f] tLy{ofqf ;'? ul/Psf] lyof] .

ofqfM s]jn ofq}ofqfdª\l;/sf] klxnf] ;ftf . lr;f] Tolt tGg]/L eO;s]sf]] lyPg

t/ xNsfxNsf zLtjiff{ eg] ;'? eO;s]sf] lyof] . Kfftnf] x':;'sf sf/0f lelhljln6L eg] sdhf]/ eO;s]sf] lyof] . cSsnfb]jL s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf ljb'/ %, g'jfsf]6sf] ;+of]hgdf ;xsf/Lsf z]o/ ;b:o, ;fwf/0f artstf{ tyf s]xL OR5's–z'e]R5's;d]t u/L hDdf $( hgfn] @)&^ dª\l;/ & ut] laxfg ^M$% ah] :yfgLo /QmsfnL / cSsnfb]jL dfO{sf] hohosf/;lxt tLy{ofqf cf/De u/]sf] lyof}F . ofqf cf/De x'g'k"j{ a;sf] cufl8sf] l;6sf nflu xfgfyfk ug]{ g]kfnLx¿sf] k'/fg} rng xf] . o;nfO{ Joª\Uo ub}{ Ps

lji0f'k|;fb cfrfo{ ’ct[KtÚ

lgofqf

cd/ Hof]lt÷57

hgf ;fyLn] …;a}n] cufl8s} l;6 e]§fpg] vfnsf] t]];f]{ a;Úsf] kl/sNkgf ;'gfP . nuQ} To:tf] a; u'8\g km/flsnf] ;8s rflxg] / ;8s rf}F8f agfpFbf cfˆg} ds} kmNg] af/L dfl;g] atfPkl5 xfdL To:tf] a;sf] sNkgfaf6 t'?Gt} k5fl8 x6]/ ;DxflnP/ cfcfˆgf] efudf cfPsf] l;6df a;]sf lyof}F .

n' @ v @(& gDa/sf] 6'l/i6 a;sf] k]6]cf]8f/leq s]xL vfFbfvfFb u/]/ xfdL cufl8 a]luFb} lyof}F . s]xL k/ k'u]kl5 ofqfdf x'g] x}/fgL d]6fpg rfnsnfO{ ufgf ahfpg jf lkmNd nufOlbg cg'/f]w ul/of] . rfns s]6f}n] pd]/sf /x]5g\, s'lGg s] ;f]r]/ xf], …lrdf]6\of} lg ufn}df r'6'Ss}, To} ;Dem]/ dg eof] e't'Ss} ==========Ú, …lxhf] /f]bLdf s]–s] eof], s]–s], cfh x]g}{ nfh ;f]lN6gLsf] d'v =======Ú eGg] uLt kf] ahfOlbof] . To; uLtsf] d'v8f÷cGt/f efu / xfdL tLy{ofqLn] ;f]r]sf] xl/ehgaLr slQ klg tfnd]n gePkl5 sf]xL lgbfpg yfn] eg] s]xL o'jfjosf ;fyLx¿rflxF ‘a]df};dL afhf ah] tfklg sDtLdf dgf]/~hg t kfOof]’ eGb} ;f]xL uLtdf em'Dg yfn] .

laxfgsf] !)M#) ah] uf8L s'l/g6f/ k'u]/ /f]lsof] . xfdL ;a}n] hLp xNsf agfP/ cltly efG5f3/df vfgf vfof}F . ;fu ljz]if dL7f] ag]sf] /x]5 . ef]ssf] ;'/df cfGb|} xl/of] x'g] u/L ;fu vfOof] . eft ;fob lhlNnof] xf]nf cfkm" cjd"Nogdf k/]sf] dx;'; u/]/ .

k]6 c3fPkl5 xfd|f] :km"lt{ t a9]s} lyof] t/ To;sf] c;/ uf8LnfO{ klg k/]5 ;fob . Ps} l5gdf uf8L gf/fo0fu9, gf/fo0fL k'nxF'b} u}F8fsf]6tkm{ k|:yfg ub}{ lyof] . gf/fo0fL gbLdf s]xL 8'ª\ufx¿ 5fndf t}l/Fb} 5fn;Fu nxl/Fb} ul//x]sf lyP . ;fyLx¿n] …;/sf/sf] kfgLhxfhÚ eg]/ rf:;r':; Joª\Uo sl;xfn] . cflv/ xfdL ;a} ufnL lz/f]dl0f g k¥of}F Û cfnf]rgfnfO{ af}l4stf 7fGg] xfd|f] k'/fg} cfbt xf] cflv/ . la:tf/} l;hL wfd, rf]/df/f, b'DsLaf;, bfpGg], ab{3f6x'Fb} sl/a #M#) ah] xfd|f] 6f]nL ;'gf}nL k'Uof] .

tLy{ofqL eg]kl5 eG;f/sf clwsf/Lx¿n] vf;} r]shfFr u/]gg\ . @÷$ hgfsf] emf]nf an nufP/} pgLx¿n] plwg], To;kl5 eg] xfdL km'Ssfkmfn eof}F . km'Ssfkmfn t eOof] t/ csf]{ ef/tLo a; r9\gsf nflu aGbf]a:tLsf ;fdfg;lxt sl/a ! ls=ld= lxF8\g' k¥of] xfdLnfO{ . To;}aLr 6«fenaf6 vl6Psf @ hgf kyk|bz{s -ufO8_ 6'Kn'Ss b]vf k/] . a'6jn 3/ atfpg] ljj]s kf}8]n -uf]/] ufO8_ / kf]v/f 3/ ePsf lji0f' uf}td -bf/L ufO8_ dWo]sf Psn] ! ls=ld= lxF8]kl5 Ps} l5gdf k'lug] egL xfdLnfO{ xf}:ofpFbf xfd|f] 6f]nLdf xn'sf xfF;f] klg u'lGhof] .

xfdL kl;gf–kl;gf eP/ ef/ttkm{sf] a;kfs{lt/ xflgof}F . Tof] a]nf xfdLnfO{ # s'/fn] lk/f]n]sf] lyof]— csf]{ a;df l;6 s:tf] knf{ < nu]hx¿

cd/ Hof]lt÷58

olt 6f9f s;/L k'¥ofpg] < ;'gf}nL;Dd xfdLnfO{ NofOk'¥ofpg] g]kfnL a;df em}F ef/tLo a;df klg vfFbfvfFb u/]/ a:g'k¥of] eg] ofqf, ofqf g/x]/ hfqf kf] x'g] xf] ls <

ef/ttkm{sf] a;kfs{df xfdLnfO{ af]Sg t}gfy ePsf] /x]5 dfly @) hgf;Dd ;'Tg klg ldNg] / nu]h klg /fVg ldNg] clg tn l;6x¿ klg kof{Kt ePsf] @ tn] a; . b'O{ tn] a; b]Vgf;fy ldqx¿ k'is/ cof{n / lzjxl/ ;8f}nf dflyNnf] tnfdf plSnP/ 3'g{ ;'? ul/xfn] . xfdL ;a}df ;'gf}nL;Ddsf] a;ofqfeGbf afFsL ofqf s]xL ;xh x'g] cfzf knfP/ cfof] .

ca a; uGtJotkm{ ;f]lemFb} lyof] . kmfFl6nf] ;dy/ hldg, kx]Fnk'/ tf]/L, cfn' v]tL, ;;fgf kftnf 3/o'Qm a:tL o:t} /dfOnf kl/b[Zox¿n] cfFvfdf lgb|f cfpg lbPsf] lyPg .

æs] ;f/f] k/fnsf] dfof gePsf Û x]/ 9f89f8df wfg sf6]/ k/fnsf] ;Tofgf; ÛÆ a;leqaf6 sf]xL km';km';fof] .

æ;fob vlghf]tL dn t'Nofpg] xf]nf,Æ csf]{n] 8]9cSsnL pQ/ t]:of{of] . kmfF6sf aLraLrdf xl/ofxl/of ¿vsf y]Snfy]SnL b]lvP . w]/} t cfFksf uf5Lx¿ b]lvP .

xfdL ;jf/ uf8Ln] xfdLnfO{ eujfgk'/, jgs6L, ;Gt slj/gu/xF'b} x'TofpFb} cufl8 nUof] . s]xL k/ k'u]kl5 Psfkl§ 3gf hª\un / csf]{lt/ kftnf] a:tL, Ps} l5gdf km]l/ b'j} ;fO8df 3gf hª\undfq . nx/} kfpnf]lgofsf ¿vx¿ . xfdL lrofgf:tfsf nflu Pp6f xf]6ndf em¥of}F . xf]6ndf rgf, lrof / ;]tf] c08fl;jfo s]xL b]lvPg . ef/tLo ahf/df k|foM ;]tf c08f g} e]l6Fbf/x]5g\ . s]xL ;fyLx¿n] To;nfO{ æKnfl:6ssf] c08f xf] ls ÛÆ eg]kl5 d}n] ægSsnL gf]6 lbP/ gSsnL c08f lsgf}F g t, a/fa/L x'G5,Æ egL xNsf xfF;f] klg ug{ EofPF .

xf]6ndf s]xLn] lrof lkP, t/ clwsf+zn] cufl8 st} lkO;s]sf] lrof l/Tofpg] sfddfq u/] . ca xfd|f] uf8L km]l/ 8fFsf] 5f8]/ a]tf]8 alQg yfNof] . s]xL ef]s nfu]sf] dx;'; ePsfn] clkm;s} Ps hgf ;xsdL{ ldqn] a9f] ;b\efjsf ;fy ofqfsf nflu vfhf eg]/ lbPsf] cf]v/ k|]dk"j{s u|x0f ub}{ cl3 al9of] . ufpFsf] efO k|zfGtn] af6fvr{ eg]/ @)÷@% j6f ef]u6] lnP/ uPsf] /x]5 . æd'v ;'S5, ;'Gtnf lsgf}F g,Æ eGg] cfdfsf] cfu|x ljleGg sf/0fn] k"/f x'g ;s]sf] lyPg . ToxL a]nfdf ef]u6]n] dHh};Fu c8\sf]–k8\sf], t]nsf] w"ksf] sfd ul/lbof] .

a;leq ef]u6] t vfOof] t/ kmf]x/ Joj:yfkg s;/L ug]{ eGg] ;jfndf ljdz{ ;'? eof] . ;a}n] ‰ofnaf6 kmf]x/ kmfNg gx'g] kIfdf cledt

cd/ Hof]lt÷59

hfx]/ u/] . ufpFdf ;fFw–l;dfgfsf gfddf emu8f ug]{ ufpFn]x¿ k/b]zdf rflxF kmf]x/ Joj:yfkgsf] z}nLsf af/]df Psdt x'g' 8/fpg'l;jfo s]xL xf]Og eGg] 7x/sf ;fy efO k|zfGtn] æOlG8ogn] s'6\5g\ eg]/ 8/fPsf …jL/ uf]vf{nLÚÆ eg]/ Joª\Uo klg ul/xfNof] .

;fFem kl/;s]sf] lyof] . cFWof/f]]n] ;fd|fHo la:tf/ ul/;s]sf] lyof] . t/, cFWof/f] eufpg gfua]nL kf/]/ ;8ssf ljB't\ kf]nx¿df ax'/ª\uL dfnfaQLx¿ aln/x]s} lyP . dfgf}F km]bb]lv 6'Kkf];Dd k"/} vDaf k|sfzdo eP/ an]h:tf] .

To; lbg xfdLn] /ftsf] !@M)) ah]lt/ vfgf vfof}F . To;kl5sf] /flqsfnLg b[Zo s]xL b]lvPg . uf8Ldf t]n xfn]/ k|'m6L, n]o;{h:tf kmf:6km'8x¿sf] Joj:yf;lxt xfdL ef]lnkN6 laxfg $ ah] agf/; k'Uof}F . xf]6ndf @ 3G6f klg k/]]nf hf]8\g gEofpFb} lkt[sfo{sf nflu k|:yfg ug]{ tof/L ul/of] . dª\l;/ & ut] To:tf] pNn]vgLo s]xL ePg egf}F, ofq} ofqfdfq eof] .

agf/;df lbn v';, lbdfu v/fadª\l;/ * ut] laxfg xfdL sfzL >f4sf nflu k|:yfg u¥of}F .

lzIff / ;+:s[ltsf] ;Gb]z lbg] Pjd\ afaf ljZjgfysf] af;:yfg, cGgk"0f{ dlGb/, sfne}/j dlGb/ cflbsf sf/0f ;w}F rrf{df /xg] zx/ agf/; xfd|f nflu :jlKgn uGtJo lyof] . lxGb"dfq xf]Og, af}4, h}g wdf{jnDaLn] ;d]t agf/;k|lt cufw cf:yf /fVbf /x]5g\ . :jod\ eujfg\ lzjn] %))) jif{cufl8 :yfkgf u/]sf] elgPsf] agf/; zx/ blIf0faf6 pQ/tkm{ aUg] efuL/yL gbLsf] t6df cjl:yt /x]5 / To;sf sfzL÷jf/f0f;L cflb cg]s gfd /x]5g\ .

;xfos p2]Zo h] eP klg xfd|f] agf/; e|d0fsf] d"n p2]ZorflxF lkt[sfo{ ;DkGg ug'{ g} lyof] . lkt[sfo{ u/fpFbf agf/;df k08fn] ufN5, kufNb}g eGg] xfdLn] klxn] g} ;'g]sf lyof}F . Toltdfq xf]Og, agf/;df k08f -k'/f]lxt_ ;Fu lk08 vf];fvf]; ePsf] 36gf klg d}n] s]xL cl3 ;'g]sf] lyPF . To;}n] xfdLn] ufO8;Fu lkt[sfo{ ljlwk"j{s ug]{ u/fpg] / blIf0ff sDtLdf Ps} b//]6df / a9Ldf uR5]cg';f/ lbg]÷lng] s'/fdf k08fnfO{ ;xdt u/fpg cg'/f]w u¥of}F . ;f]xL cg';f/ Go"gtd ef=?= !)%.– blIf0ff lbg] egL s'/f] l5lgof] klg . klxnf] r/0fsf] s'/fsfgLaf6 k|fKt lgisif{ ;a}nfO{ ;'gfO{ ljlwjt\ efuL/yLdf :gfg u/L ;fd"lxs lkt[sfo{ ;'? klg ul/of] . lkt[sfo{sf] ;'?jft ;xfos k08fn] u/fP . pgn] uf]bfg u/fP/ s]xL blIf0ff lnPkl5 >f4:yndf d"n k08fnfO{ k|j]z u/fP .

d"n k08fn] pQd, dWod / lgDg # sf]l6sf] lkt[sfo{sf] k|;ª\u p7fP/ olt 6f9f cfO;s]kl5 pQd sf]l6sf] lkt[sfo{ ug{ / To;sf nflu

cd/ Hof]lt÷60

hgxL sDtLdf ?= #,))) ef=?= blIf0ff lbg cx|fP . o;sf ;fy} uof / cGo wfdx¿df uP/ ug'{kg]{ >f4flb sd{ klg ToxLF u/fOlbg] pb\3f]if klg u/] . kl5 ;d"xsf] dgf]lj1fg a'em]/ xf] ls s] xf] !,!)) ef=?=df lkt[sfo{ u/fpF5f}F egL xfdLnfO{ arga4 u/fP . o;}aLr ;xfos k08fn] l;wf ef]hg eg]/ eGb} hgxL ef=?=!)) klg lnP/ uP . cem uf}0f k08fsf] k|j]z u/fpg] v]nf]d]nf] klg rNb} lyof], xfdLn] s'/f] a'em]/ ab/ ul/lbof}F . cSsnfb]jL ;xsf/Lsf ;lrj /fhs'df/ cof{n efOn] d'lQmgfydf s]xL gkfP/ kfgLs} l;wf xfn]sf] / k'/f]lxtn] klg n6/k6/ >f4 u/fPsf] ;Gbe{ k|:t't u/]kl5 eg] k08fn] blIf0ffsf] dfdnfdf h]h:tf] ;f}bfafhL / wf]vfw8L u/] klg pgLx¿n] u/fPsf] ljlwk"j{ssf] >f4sd{af6 xfdL xb};Dd ;Gt'i6 x'g k'u]5f}F .

lkt[sfo{ ;dfKt ePkl5 agf/;sf s"n ** 3f6dWo] xfdLn] df]6/af]6df r9]/ xl/ZrGb| 3f6, c:;L 3f6, dl0fsl0f{sf 3f6, k~ruª\uf 3f6 cflbsf] cjnf]sg u¥of}F . efuL/yL uª\ufdfly /x]sf] dflyaf6 uf8L / tnaf6 /]n u'8\g] k'n xfdLnfO{ ef/tn] u/]sf] j}1flgs t/SsLsf] cg'kd b[i6fGtem}F nfUof] . df]6/af]6df zo/ ub}{ t:jL/ lvRg'sf] cfgGbdf xfdL ;a} k|km'lNnt lyof}F . ldq lht]Gb|hL / efO ljdn v8\sf km];a's nfOedfkm{t ljZjel/ xfdLnfO{ k|;f/0f ub}{ lyP . o;}aLr ljut #÷$ lbg cl3b]lv kfgLdf 9fl8Psf] Pp6f nf; xfdL 5]j}af6 pFwf] au]/ uof] . /dfOnf]sf aLrdf Ifl0fs j}/fUoaf]wn] nfdf] cfo' k|fKt ug{ ;s]g . kmn:j¿k xfdL k"j{jt\ /ª\uLg ;+;f/df x/fO g} /Xof}F .

df]6/af]6df r9\b} ubf{÷r9]sf] a]nf ToxfFsf ;;fgf gfgLx¿n] km"n k|;fbL / pgLx¿sf] kl/efiffdf sa't/ -k/]jf_ elgPsf ;]tf ;fOa]l/og r/fnfO{ xflng] rf/f] lsGg cf}lw s/s/ ul//x] . xfdL;Fu 7"nf ef/tLo gf]6dfq /x]sfn] To;nfO{ ehfpg eP klg pgLx¿sf] ;fdfg dg nfuL gnfuL lslglbGYof}F . k};f xft gk/L ;fdfg glbg], k'/fgf] gf]6 glng], g]kfnL k};f glng] clg w/ks8 u/]/ eP klg b'O{–rf/ ?k}ofFsf] eP klg Jofkf/ u/]/} 5f8\g] tL gfgLx¿sf] Jofj;flos lbdfunfO{ d}n] dgdg} :ofn'6 u/]F . otf g]kfndf ;dfg pd]/sf gfgLx¿n] /fd|/L l;Fufg :ofxfg{ klg g;s]sf] ;Demgfn] eg] leq}b]lv lrdf]l6 g} /Xof] .

df]6/af]6af6 efuL/yLdf rf/f] ˆofFs]kl5 ;]tf ;fOa]l/g r/fx¿n] a9f] eL8ef8sf ;fy xfdLnfO{ glhs}af6 k5\ofpFbf /x]5g\ . xfdL Tof] sd{ u/]/ af/Daf/ /dfof}F . glhs cfPsf ;fOa]l/og r/fx¿nfO{ s'zntfk"j{s klqmP/ zflGtsf] k|tLs k/]jf eGb} ef=?=!)) df xfdLnfO{ g} a]Ry] ;fgf gfgLx¿ . rf/f] xfNof], r/f] ;dfTof], km]l/ r/f a]Rof] km]l/ rf/f] a]Rof] Û

cd/ Hof]lt÷61

cf]xf] Û Ps xf]Og bzf}F rnfvL Ps};fy Û xfdLn] d/]sf =========n] lhpFbf g]kfnLnfO{====eGg] pvfg k6s k6s dgdg} bf]xf]¥ofP5f}F .

lkt[sfo{ / efuL/yL gbLsf] zo/ ;DkGg ul/;s]kl5 xfdLn] ;lkªsf nflu agf/;sf] ahf/ Pl/ofdf kfOnf /fVof}F . xfd|f] dgdf agf/;L ;f8L, agf/;sf] kfg, agf/;L wfld{s k':ts, ;foª\sfnLg uª\uf cf/tL cflbsf] rxlsnf] laDj klxn]b]lv g} gflr/x]s} lyof] . yfxf lyPg— cfOtaf/ ahf/ aGb x'Fbf]/x]5 . ;fF3'/f uNnLsf cFWof/f sf]7/Lleqsf] dw'/f] pHofnf]df s]xL ;fyLx¿n] @÷$ yfg agf/;L ;f8L lslg EofP5g\ . xfdLnfO{ xf]6nb]lv c6f]l/S;fdf /fv]/ ahf/ k'¥ofpg] l/S;f rfnsx¿n] s'gfs'gf l5/fP/ xfdLnfO{ k;n–k;n k'¥ofpFbf klg xfdLn] Tolt ;fdfg vl/b u/]g5f}F, hlt pgLx¿n] ;f]r]sf /x]5g\ . To;kl5 t l/S;fjfnx¿ xfdL;Fu cf}lw l/;fP / xfdLnfO{ …e'vf g]kfnLÚ;Dd eGg EofP . xfdL eg] ;fdfg lsGgeGbf klg agf/;L kfg / k~rfd[t lrof -k~rfd[th:t} u'lnof] t/ yf]/} kl/df0fdf pknAw x'g] eP/ o;f] elgPsf] xf]_ lkP/ ToxfFsf] d'l:nd ;dfhdf xfn;Dd afFlr/x]sf] a'sf{ ;+:s[ltnfO{ x]l//Xof}F .

agf/; s'g} a]nf c;Dej uGtJosf] k|tLssf ¿kdf /x]sf] lyof] . s'g} c;Dej sfo{sf nflu …sfzLdf uP/ d'v wf]P/ cfpg'k5{’ eGg] pvfg k|of]u x'g] u/]sf] ;Gbe{df ToxfF k'u]/ ;d:t lkt[x¿sf] p4f/sf nflu ljlwk"j{s >f4 ug{ kfpFbf Psflt/ xfd|f] lbn v';Ln] k'nlst eO/x]sf] lyof] eg] csf{lt/ k08fx¿sf] s/sfkk"0f{ Jojxf/ / l/S;fjfnx¿n] cfly{s :jfy{sf sf/0f u/]sf] cgfjZos k]nfg / ltgLx¿n] k|of]u u/]sf] clzi6 zAbsf sf/0f lbdfu eg] v/fa eO/x]sf] lyof] .

% nfvsf] xfQLdf kfFr} hgf levf/Ldª\l;/ ( ut] xfd|f] ofqf ;'? eof] agf/;sf] cflbTo Og xf]6nb]lv

tfhdxn;Ddsf nflu . Onfxfafb, nvgp, sfgk'/x'Fb} sl/a ^)) ls=ld=sf] ofqf to u/]kl5 cfu/f k'lug] /x]5 . xfd|f ltnrfdn] skfnjfnf u'?hLn] of] hfgsf/L u/fP xfdLnfO{ . ‘dsfg ;fbf pBdzLntf Hofbf’ sf] d"n dGqn] g} cfly{s ;d[l4 ;Dej x'G5 eGg] s'/fsf] af]w xfdLnfO{ Tolta]nf eof], hlta]nf xfdLn] em'k|}em'k|fem}F nfUg] 3/x¿ / x/If0f d]l;gem}F rln/xg] ef/tLo >dzLn gful/sx¿sf] ultljlwnfO{ af6f]af6} ;"Id ¿kn] lgofNg kfof}F .

k|To]s n]gaf6 ;lhn} @ j6f uf8L kf; x'g] u/L agfOPsf] # n]gsf] ;8s x'Fb} xfd|f] uf8L a]luof] . xfd|f cw{a}Fz] ef/tLo rfns /fdlqkfn uf8L rnfpFbf af6fdf vfgf vfof] eg] lgGb|f nfU5 eGg] dfGotf /fVbf/x]5g\ . d}n] lqz"nLb]lv sf7df8f}F;Dd cfpFbf sDtLdf # 7fpFdf /f]lsP/ eIf–ceIf pb/:y

cd/ Hof]lt÷62

ug]{ u'?hL ;fyLefOx¿nfO{ ;lDemPF / dgdg} /fdlqkfnsf] lhDd]jf/Laf]w / lrGtgut prfOsf] cfsng ul//x]F . ofqfsf] qmddf af6fsf] bfofF–afofF cfFk / cdnfsf] au}Frf, ;8s–n]gsf] aLrdf s/jL/sf] ¿v / To;df km'n]sf /ftf, ;]tf, kx]Fnf km"n, b[Zo ce"tk"j{ b]lvGYof] .

7fpFsf] gfd t ofb ePg, sl/a !@M#) ah]lt/ a;]/f laxf/L 9fjf z'4 zfsfxf/L ef]hgfno kl/;/df xfdL a;]sf] agf/;s} xf]6nsf sfl/Gbfx¿n] vfgf tof/ kf/] . agf/;b]lv afFsL ofqf cjlwe/ ltg} s's Dofgx¿n] vfgf agfP/ v'jfpg] /x]5g\ xfdLnfO{ . vfgf t vfOof] t/ zf}rfno 5}g . zf}rfno gePsf] xf] ls s] xf] eg]/ a'‰g vf]hsf] t zf}rfnosf] ;+:s[lt g} gePsf] eGg] cgf}7f] hfgsf/L kf] kfOof] . xfdL otf v'nf lbzfd'Qm If]q / ;fj{hlgs÷3'DtL zf}rfnosf] s'/f ul//xFbf ptf eg] zf}rfnodf zf}r ug]{ ;+:sf/ g} gx'g' b'ef{Uok"0f{ nfUof] .

ToxfF /xFbf xfdLn] af]6d} kfs]sf tfhf cDaf lsg]/ vfof}F . xfd|f ;jf/L rfns /fdlqkfn eg] @ bfgf cDaf / Ps sk k~rfd[t lrofsf] e/df uf8L xfFSg tof/ b]lvP . TolQs}df % nfvsf] xfQL r9]/ % hgf lt3|] levf/Lx¿ dfUg cfP . xfd|f] ;d"x b]v]/ levf/Lx¿ xfdLlt/ dfUg cf]ln{Psf /x]5g\ . xfdLnfO{ eg] ‘;'gsf] yfndf ;'sfsf] eLv’, ‘afx'gnfO{ ;]tf] xfQL’ eGg]h:tf pvfg emnemnL eO/Xof] / w]/}a]/ d'vfd'v u/]/ xfFl;/Xof}F .

vfgf vfO;s]/ xfd|f] 6f]nL d'Vo xfOj] klqmP/ cufl8 al9 g} /Xof] . /fli6«o /fhdfu{sf] 5]pdf dfgj a:tL lj/n} dfq b]lvGy] . km]l/ d"n /fhdfu{;Fu hf]8]/ ;xfos dfu{x¿ agfOPsf] klg b]lvPg . /fhdfu{ lgs} km/flsnf] lyof] . g st} 6«flkms b]lvGYof], g t 6«flkms hfd g} . w]/}h;f] :yfgdf dfly d'Vo dfu{ / tn c08/kf; qml;ª u/fP/ ;xfos dfu{ la:tf/ ul/Psf] b]lvof] . xfdLx¿n] of] ef/tLo ;/sf/sf] of]hgfa4 k|of;sf] pknlAw xf] eg]/ rrf{ ul//Xof}F .

ofqfs} qmddf /flt & ah] dw'jg xf]6ndf vfgf vfO{ cfu/fl:yt xf]6n tfh xfO6 Green Ginger Resturant df ysfg la;fOof] .

tfhdxn / od'gfsf] hndª\l;/ !) ut] xn'sf a|]skmf:6 lnP/ xfdL af; a;]sf] xf]6naf6

sl/a @ ls=ld=sf] b"/Ldf cjl:yt cd/ k|]dsf] lgzfgL dflgPsf] tfhdxn e|d0fsf nflu k|:yfg u¥of} . xfd|f] a;n] s]xL j/} 5fl8lbPkl5 sl/a @ ldg]6sf] af6f]df klg xfdLnfO{ csf]{ ef/tLo a; r9\g nufOof] . :yfgLo oftfoft Joj;foLx¿n] cfkm" afFRgsf nflu o:tf] l;lG8s]6 ubf{ /x]5g\ . tfhdxn x]g{sf nflu ;fs{ gful/snfO{ zfxhfx / d'dtfhsf] ;dflw:yn

cd/ Hof]lt÷63

;d]t x]g]{ eP &$) ef=?= / ;dflw gx]g]{ eP %$) ef=?= lnOFbf] /x]5 . xfd|f] 6f]nLn] OR5fcg';f/sf] l6s6 vl/b u¥of] .

xfd|f] 6f]nLnfO{ Ps hgf :yfgLo ufO8n] g]t[Tj ul//x]sf] lyof] . p;n] tfhdxnsf] Oltxf;af/] la|lkmª ul//Xof] . glhs} au]sf] od'gf gbL / tfhdxn kl/;/df /x]sf] ut{ -vf8nh:tf]_ nfO{ b]vfP/ lxGbLdf eGof], æoxL gbLsf] hn oxL vf8nsf] af6f] eP/ cf];f/]/ tfhdxn agfOPsf] xf] . of] vf8nx'Fb} cem} klg od'gf gbL;Dd k'Ug ;lsG5 eGg] ljZjf; 5 .Æ ufO8n] tfhdxnsf] lgdf{0fdf ljleGg b]zaf6 NofOPsf @* y/L lsdtL kTy/x¿sf] k|of]u ePsf], o;sf] prfO &# ld6/ cUnf] /x]sf], bf];|f] ljZjo'4sf] ;dodf o;sf] ;'/Iffsf nflu rf/}lt/ afF; 78\ofP/ xl/of] Rofb/ cf]8fOPsf], of] ljZjsf ;ft cfZro{dWo] Ps /x]sf] / zfxhxfFn] o:t} dxn cGoq agfP sfnLu9x¿sf] xft sfl6lbg] egL u/]sf] 3f]if0ffsf] k|;ª\u klg sf]6\ofof] .

tfhdxnsf] xl/ofnL, cg'kd jf:t'snf cflbsf] cjnf]sgkl5 xfdL glhs} /x]sf] nfnlsNnfsf] cjnf]sg ug{ uof}F . Tfhdxndf 3'Dbf ef]sfP/ nvt/fg ePsf] xfd|f] 6f]nL nfnlsNnfdf cf]n{g Tolt tof/ b]lvPg . km]l/ nfnlsNnf 3'Dg ef=?= %)) nfUg] eGg] unt ;"rgfn] klg w]/} ;fyLx¿nfO{ ‘Pp6f lsNnf g xf], lsg 3'Dg] <’ eGg] nfu]sf] x'g'k5{ . t/, jf:tljstf km/s /x]5 . ef=?= () df nfnlsNnf e|d0f ug{ kfOg] /x]5 . xfdL s]xL ;fyLx¿n] dgl:ylt agfof}F t/ ;Fu}sf ;xofqLx¿nfO{ a;d} aGwsh:t} agfP/ e|d0fdf lg:sg ldNg] klg b]lvPg . t;y{, xfdLn] aflx/L u]6d} pleP/ t:jL/x¿ lvrfof}F . ToxfF /x]sf] zq' lgoGq0f ug]{ a8]dfgsf] kmnfd] u]6, u]6aflx/ uf]xL cflb kfNgsf agfOPsf] ljzfn kf]v/L cflb x]/]/ v"a} /dfOof] ul/of] .

tfhdxn / nfnlsNnfsf] e|d0fkl5 xfd|f] 6f]nL sl/a @M#) ah]lt/ xf]6ndf cfO{ vfgf vfP/ j[Gbfjgsf nflu k|:yfg u¥of] . j[Gbfjg k'Ug sl/a b'O{ ls=ld= hlt afFsL /x]5, xfdLnfO{ c6f]l/S;f Joj;foLx¿n] 3]/faGbL u/] . pgLx¿n] af6fd} uf8L t]:of{P/ l;lG8s]6 nfb\g vf]h] . xfd|f kyk|bz{sx¿n] tLy{ofqL x'g\ eg]/ slGeG; ug{ vf]Hbf klg ltgLx¿ 6;sf] d; ePgg\ . To;kl5 xfdL xfd|f] a;nfO{ ToxLF 5f8]/ tTsfn cfjZos gx'g] afx]s ;a} nu]h 6]Dkf]df nfb]/ uGtJotkm{ ;f]lemof}F .

xfd|f ufO8x¿ vfB;fdu|L / ksfpg], t'Nofpg] ef8fjt{g;lxt kl5kl5 cfpFb} lyP . pgLx¿n] g} l/S;f ef8f Joxf]g]{ ;xdlt 6]Dkf] r9\g] a]nfdf ePsf] klg lyof] . pgLx¿ l9nf;Dd klg gcfOk'Ubf l/S;fjfnfn] xfdL;Fu ef8f dfUof] . xfdLn] ef8f lbg OGsf/ u/]kl5 pgLx¿n] xfdLnfO{

cd/ Hof]lt÷64

‘t'd ;a nf]u /f]6L/fd x]’ eg]/ JoªUo u¥of] . xfdLn] klg k};fhlt 6«fennfO{ hDd} a'emfO;s]sf]n] e'Ssf/fd ePsf] hjfkm kmsf{of}F .

ut @ lbg cl3b]lv 3/kl/jf/;Fu ;Dks{ x'g ;s]sf] lyPg lsgeg] ldq lht]Gb|hL afx]s xfdL s;};Fu klg OlG8og ;Ldsf8{ lyPg . cl3Nnf] lbg cfu/fdf xfdL a;]sf] xf]6]ndf jfOkmfOsf] ;'ljwf klg lyPg . To;}n] j[Gbfjgl:yt xf]6ndf a;]/ cfkmGtnfO{ d];]h k7fOof] / lel8of] sn;d]t u¥of}F . ;f]xL lbg ;fFem j[Gbfjgl:yt k|]d dlGb/sf] bz{g ul/of] . ;fFemsf] lemnLldnLdf ;f] dlGb/sf] b[Zo j0f{gftLt b]lvGYof] .

s[i0fsf] dvg / k'hf/Lsf] xf=====xf======xf======dª\l;/ !! ut] laxfgsf] ;do . xfdL dy'/f bz{gsf nflu tof/

eof}F . xn'sf a]|skmf:6kl5 xfd|f] ofqf ;'? eof] . dy'/f hfg] qmddf hubu'? s[kfn' dxf/fh lrlsT;fno, >Ldb\efujt uLtfsf] dlGb/ af6}af6 b]lvP . ToxfF xfdLn] åfl/sfwLz dlGb/, kfun afaf dlGb/, dy'/f ;ª\u|xfno cflbsf] bz{g÷cjnf]sg u¥of}F . dy'/f dlGb/ k|j]zdf r]shfFr lgs} s8f /x]5 . ToxfF xfdLn] s[i0f hGd:yfg, /fwfs[i0f dlGb/, u'kmf, uf}r/0f cflbsf] klg cjnf]sg u¥of}F . ToxfFsf] ehg sLt{g / ;fª\uLlts jftfj/0fn] dGqd'Uw t'Nofof] . dy'/fsf] u'kmf ;a}eGbf /x:odoL nfUof] .

sl/a !)M#) ah]lt/ uf]s'n k|:yfg ug]{ sfo{qmd aGof] . xfd|f] a;n] a;kfs{df emfl/lbPkl5 l/S;fjfnx¿n] ‘dfhL Ob/ cfOP’ eg]/ xfd|f 6f]nLsf dlxnfx¿nfO{ l/S;f r9fpg an u/] . ldq ZofdsfhL cof{nn] xfdL;Fu} uPsf xl/s[i0f dfemL efOnfO{ cf}FNofP/ ‘dfemL Ob/ x]’ eGbf Ps l5g xfF;f]sf] kmf]x/f g} 5'6]Yof] . xfdLnfO{ klxn]b]lv g} l/S;f÷6]Dkf]jfnfx¿sf] l;lG8s]6n] cflht agfO;s]sfn] o; k6s eg] a; :6Øf08af6 sl/a ! ls=ld= sf] uf]s'n;Ddsf] b"/L k}tfnfn] g} gfKg] lg0f{o u¥of}F .

;fF3'/f] / cFWof/f] uNnLx'Fb} xfdL uf]s'n k|:yfg ub}{ lyof}F . TolQs}df Ps hgf Jofkf/Ln] xfdLnfO{ s[i0fsf] dvg gvfO{ uf]s'n hfg gx'g] eGb} df6fsf] skdf s[i0fhLsf] dvg v'jfof] . cufl8 df6fsf] sxtf/f]el/ dvg b]v]/ xfdLn] klg Tof] df}sf u'dfpg rfx]gf}F . vfFb} ubf{ yfxf eof], df]xLdf lrgL 3f]n]/ dvg eGb} a]lrPsf] /x]5 . k|;fb ePsf]n] cfnf]rgf / 6Lsfl6Kk0fL ul//xg' pko'Qm nfu]g xfdLnfO{ klg .

cufl8 a9\b} hfFbf xfdL of]udfof hGd:yn Pjd\ s[i0fsf] qmL8f:yn gGbdxn k'Uof}F . ToxfFsf k'hf/Ln] xfdLnfO{ s[i0fsf] nLnf / zlQmsf af/]df cf;gdf a;fP/ k|jrg ;'gfP . Uff]s'ndf ozf]wf, gGbafaf, of]udfof, s[i0f, /fwf cflbsf] d"lt{x¿sf] bz{g ul/of] . ToxfFsf ;j{;fwf/0fsf] 3/sf] 5tdf

cd/ Hof]lt÷65

jf kvf{nlt/ klg ufO{sf d"lt{x¿ agfP/ /flvPsf] kfOof] . k|jrgsf qmddf k'hf/Ln] xfdLnfO{ a]nfa]nfdf xf====xf======xf=====ub}{

wLt km'sfP/ xfF:g l;sfP . Tof] xf=========xf=====xf============xfd|f] 6f]nLdf cfdf;Fu} uPsf] # jifL{o afnsn] o;/L gSsn u¥of] ls ofqfdf pTkGg x'g] x}/fgLnfO{ ToxL afnssf] caf]w xf====xf====xf==;'g]/ lgld6\ofGg kfb}{ v"a /dfOof] . cf;gdf al;;s]kl5 p7\g gkfOg] ToxfFsf] lgod /x]5 . a;]sf] :yfgaf6 s[i0fsf] d"lt{;Dd 3'F8f 6]s]/ 3;|Fb} hfg'kg]{ / dVvg / ld>L r9fP/ s[i0fsf] em'nf em'nfpg'kg]{ cfb]z k'hf/Ln] xfdLnfO{ lbP . æem'nf em'nfpg] a]nfdf ;a}n] dgnfO{ cxª\sf//lxt agfpg", gq OlR5t kmn k|fKt x'Fb}g,Æ k'hf/Ln] xfdLnfO{ ;ts{ u/fP . ;a}n] em'nf em'nfpg / bz{g ug{rflxF kfpg] t/ s[i0fsf] ef]s t[Kt u/L k'0o sdfpg] rfxgf /fVg]n] Ps lsnf] dvg÷ ld>Lsf nflu ef=?= @,*)).–, cfwf lsnf]sf nflu !,#)).– ef=?= / Ps kfpsf nflu ? ^)).– ef=?= ltg'{kg]{ s'/f k'hf/Ln] atfP . s;}nfO{ klg s[i0fnfO{ ef]s hufpg cfjZos dvg÷ld>L vl/bsf nflu s/ ul/Psf] eg] lyPg . t/, k'hf/Lx¿sf] k|jrg snf / xfd|f] eujfg\k|ltsf] cufw cf:yfsf sf/0f ;a}n] uR5]cg';f/ /sd lt/]/ dVvg÷ld>L vl/bsf nflu /l;b sf6]/ k};f a'emfof}F .

o;/L ;+:yfut ¿kd} /l;b sf6]/ /sd a'lemlng] rngrflxF xfdL ;a}nfO{ dg k¥of] . gGbdxnsf] leqL ;fh;Hhf sNkgftLt b]lvGYof] t/ Sofd/f jlh{t ePsfn] ToxfFsf] kmf]6f] lvRg eg] kfOPg .

dy'/f / uf]s'nsf] bz{gkl5 xf]6ndf cfO{ vfgf vfOof] clg j[Gbfjgl:yt k|]d dlGb/sf] sl/a @ ls=dL=sf] b"/Ldf /x]sf] afFs] laxf/ -s[i0fs} Pp6f ¿k_ dlGb/sf] bz{gsf nflu lxFl8of] . c6f]l/S;fjfnfx¿n] a]kQf / a]lgod l/S;f xfFs]/ xfd|f] ;ftf]k'Tnf] p8fOlbP . ;jf/L lgodsf] kl/kfngfdf eg] ef/teGbf g]kfn cg'zfl;t xf] ls eGg] efg xfdLnfO{ eof] .

l/S;faf6 cf]n{g} nfUbf rfnsn] rZdf km'sfNg eg]cg';f/ d}n] rZdf uf]hLdf /fv]F . t/, xfdL;Fu} hfg'ePsL Ps hgf cfdfsf] eg] cfFvfaf6} afFb/n] rZdf km'sfn]/ nUof] . :yfgLon] s]/f jf k|m'6L v'jfPkl5 rZdf lkmtf{ kfpg] eg]kl5 ;f]xL cg';f/ g} ul/of] / rZdf lkmtf{ klg kfOof] t/ k|m]d eg] 6f]s]/ k"/} laufl/;s]sf] /x]5 . afFb/sf] of] afu]{lgª snf b]v]/ xfdL crlDet eof}F . ;f] dlGb/df ;fFemsf] ;dodf lgs} eL8ef8 a9]sfn] xfdLn] aflx/}af6 bz{g u/]/ kmls{of}F .

kms{“b} ubf{ k'gM xfdL lxhf] bz{g ul/;s]sf] k|]ddlGb/ kl/;/df k|j]z u¥of}F . hut\u'? s[kfn' dxf/fhn] !! jif{ nufP/ lgdf{0f ug'{ePsf]

cd/ Hof]lt÷66

;f] dlGb/ kl/;/df xfdLn] s[i0fn] sfnLgfu aw u/]sf] b[Zo, uf]j4{g kxf8 prfn]sf] b[Zo, s[i0fsf] uf]lkgLx¿;Fusf] /fznLnf cflbsf] cjnf]sg u¥of}F . lbpF;f]sf] pHofnf]df ;fdfGo nfUg] tL b[Zox¿ /flt k|sfzsf] cfnf]sdf hLjGtem}F b]lvGy] . /ftsf] ;dodf ax'/ª\uL :j¿kdf b]lvg] k|]d dlGb/ ;fFRr} g} snfs[ltsf] cg'kd gd'gf /x]5 .

dlGb/af6 aflx/ lg:sFb} ubf{ ;;fgf gfgLx¿n] ToxfF ;fgf]ltgf] /fw] cftª\s g} dRrfP . /fw] 5fk clÍt 6Lsf] lgwf/df nufpg] / k};f dfUg] ToxfFsf] rng g} /x]5 . xfdLnfO{ cftª\sem}F nfu] klg ToxfFsf :yfgLo o'jf o'jtLx¿ eg] d'xf/el/ /fw]sf] 5fk nufP/ lxF8]sf] b[Zon] xfdLnfO{ cfgGb / cftª\saLrsf] ;Ldf/]vf sf]g{ eg] d'l:sn eO/x]sf] lyof] .

cof]Wofdf /fd;]gf cftª\sÙ k|];/sf] cf}iflwn] k|];/ a9fof]dª\l;/ !@ ut] laxfg, a|]skmf:6df gdssf] xn'jf vfP/ xfdLn]

j[Gbfjg 5f8\of}F / blIf0f k"jL{ af6f] ;dft]/ cof]Wofsf nflu k|:yfg u¥of}F . ToxfF af6fsf k|To]s @÷# ls=ld=df s/ p7fpg] r]skf]:6 e]l6GYof] . ef/tLo g];gn xfOj] cyf]l/6Ln] /fhdfu{ s/af6 dfq slt /fh:j p7fpg] /x]5, xfdL ;lDemP/ crlDet eof}F . xfd|f] a; lkm/f]hfjfb, nvgp, ;Ltfdf9Lsf] af6f]x'Fb} cof]Woftkm{ xflgof] . clnslt vfN6fv'N6L b]Vgf;fy dd{t ul/xfNg] / ;8s dd{t ubf{ af6f] slQ klg cj?4 gx'g] Joj:yf ldnfpg] ToxfFsf] k/Dk/f g]kfnn] klg l;Sbf /fd|} x'g] eGg] af/]df klg xfdLaLrdf 5nkmn rNof] . af6fdf ofqf ul//xFbf r'jfsf] jf:gfbf/ km"nn] gfsnfO{ lgs} efUodfgL t'NofPsf] ;Demgf cem} klg tfh} nflu/x]sf] 5 .

ofqfsf] qmddf sfgk'/l:yt The Food Street Motel df vfgf vfOof] . cfhsf] vfgfrflxF vfhfsf] :j¿ksf] lyof] . /fhdfsf] emf]n, s/]nfsf] crf/, k'/fgf] crf/ / rf/ kfk|f k'/L, a;\ . a; :6\ofG8sf] 5]j}sf] df]6]n k|fª\u0fdf a;]/ xfdL pQm kl/sf/x¿ vfFb} lyof}F . /fhdfsf] emf]n sfuhsf] Kn]6df /fv]/ lbOPsfn] s]/fsf] kftdf vf]n] vfPsf] pvfg ;Demgf cfof] xfdLnfO{ . ‘Hofg hfPuf, s/]nL gxL vfPuf’ eg]/ 8ª\sf lk6\b} lxF8\g] s]xL ;fyLx¿n] To; lbg eg] ef]ssf] emf]sdf ykLykL s/]nf vfPsf] klg b]lvof] . of] b[Zon] dnfO{ klg Pp6f o:tf] d'Qmssf] :km'/0f u/fOxfNof]M

rf]vf]hlt ;a} dL7f] x'g} k5{ eGg] 5}gdL7f]hlt ;w}F rf]vf] x'g} k5{ eGg] 5}gofqf xf] of], l9F8f]–ln6f], h] klg t ldNg ;S5‘b"w cl8g] afF;sf] 8f]sf]’ x'g} k5{ eGg] 5}g .Vffgfkl5 xfdL r9]sf] a; nvgpx'Fb} pQ/k"j{ df]l8of] . 7"nf7"nf

cd/ Hof]lt÷67

ckf6{d]G6x¿, 6\ofª\s/afxs /]nx¿ dfly uf8L u'8\g], tn cG8/ kf;df /]nsf] lns . jf:tjdf nvgp lgs} eJo b]lvGYof] . ‘nvg] zAb ;fob nvgpaf6} ag]sf] xf]nf x}’ Ps hgf ldqn] ts{ u/] . nfxf]/df a;]/ 3/ kms{g]x¿nfO{ nfx'/] elgPsf] /] eGg] s'/f] t d}n] ;'g]sf] lyPF t/ nvgp / nvg] zAbsf] cy{ut ;DaGwsf af/]df eg] vf;} hfgsf/L ePg . To;}n] lkm:; xfFl;of] / lgx'/d'G6L g nufP/ al;of] dfq .

nvgpaf6 ;fFem ^ ah]lt/ cof]Wof k'luof] . ToxfF klg c6f]l/S;f Joj;foLx¿n] l;G8s]6 nfu" u/] . xfdL lszf]/L eQm ;bg em'gsL3f6 cof]Wofdf af; a:of}F . Tof] xf]6n geP/ cf>d lyof] . To;}n] ToxfF xf]6ndf em}F vf;} ;/;'ljwf eg] pknAw lyPg . ‘hxfF hfg' af/L ss{nfsf] emf8L’ eg]em}F ToxfF t emg\ /fd;]gf -afFb/_ sf] cftª\s g} b]lvof] . s]xL ;fyLx¿n] ‘afFb/nfO{ /S;L v'jfP/ /ldtf x]g]{Ú ;Nnfx klg u/] . t/, cof]Wofsf afFb/n] s] /S;L vfnfg\ / eGg] ljifodf xfF;f] ul/of] . cGtsf afFb/eGbf Hofb} rsf{ afFb/ cof]Wofsf . s'lGg s;n] lh:sfPsf] /x]5, e/t cfrfo{ sfsfnfO{ emlD6P/ xQ'x}/fg . æo;n] lryf]l/xfNof] eg] /]lahsf] ;'O{ nufpg'k5{ / Pp6f ;'O{sf] @% xhf/ k5{,Æ sfsf e'Te'tfpFb} lyP . lsr]gdf vfgf vfg hfFbf klg r's'n nufP/ l5g'{kg]{, dfgf}F lgNg EofOPg eg] rkfO/x]sf] ufF; klg d'vaf6} vf]:nfg\ h:tf] .

d]/f 7"nfaf 5lj/d0f clwsf/Ln] olt nfdf] ofqf cjlwe/ vfgf vfg'ePg . s]jn /f]6L / kmnkm"ns} e/df lxFl8/xg'eof] . xh'/afnfO{ kmnkm"n lng egL uPsf] efO k|zfGt Ps l5g kl5 7"n} o'4 n8]h;/L :jfF–:jfF ub}{ / xfF:b} cfOk'Uof] . s'/f] s] /x]5 eg]/ a'‰bf p;n] aflx/af6 kmnkm"n lsg]/ NofpFbf kf]lnlygsf] emf]nfdf em'G8\ofpg] cfF6 ug{ g;s]/ ;6{leq kf]sf] agfP/ NofP5 . cof]Wofjf;Lx¿n] ue{jtL k'?if eGb} lh:sfP/ x}/fg kf/]5g\ . cof]Wofdf afFb/ eufpgsf nflu /fte/ k6fsf k8\sfOg] /x]5 . s] yfxf kfOof] eg] agf/;df klg a]nfa]nfdf /fltsf] ;dodf cfO/xg] 8\ofd 8\ofDdsf] cfjfh k6fsfsf] g} /x]5 cflv/ .

dª\l;/ !# ut] z'qmaf/ laxfg $ ah]b]lv g} e'mgsL3f6 kl/;/df ;Ltf/fdsf] ;'dw'/ ehg u'Ghfodfg eO/x]sf] lyof] . xfdL ;a} ;vf/} cf>dglhs} /x]sf] eujfg\ >L/fdn] g'xfpg] u/]sf] elgPsf] ;/o" gbLdf :gfg ug{ uof}F . lgs} lr;f] atf; rln/x]sf] lyof] . e'se's] pHofnf]dfq ePsf] / kfgL xNsf wldnf] ePsfn] ;a}n] uª\uf :gfg u/]gg\ . xfdLn] :gfg u/L uª\ufdf bLk k|Hjng u¥of}F . d]/L cfdfn] :juL{o lktfhLsf] Ps;/f] j:q efuL/yL gbLdf aufpg] OR5f;lxt a'afn] nufpg'ePsf] sk8f emf]nfdf /fVg'ePsf] /x]5 . t/, Tof] j:q ToxfF aufpg lal;{Psfn] ;/o" gbLdf aufP/

cd/ Hof]lt÷68

lktfhLsf] cfTdfsf] lr/zflGtsf] sfdgf klg ul/of] . tt\kZrft\ xfd|f] 6f]nL cof]Wof hfg] tof/Ldf h'6\of] .

k6s–k6s lxGb" / d'l:ndaLr o'4 ePsf] :yfg xf] cof]Wof If]q . To;}n] ToxfF hfg ;'/Iff r'gf}tL 5 eg]/ w]/} ;fyLx¿n] cof]Wof hfg] lxDdt b]vfPgg\ . s]xL ;fyLx¿n] eg] nuftf/ & lbg;Ddsf] ofqfn] ylst t'NofPsfn] klg o:tf] ts{ u/]sf] x'g'k5{ eGg] xfdLnfO{ nfUof] . t;y{, $( hgfdWo] b'O{ j6f 6]Dkf]df u/L hDdf !( hgfdfq cof]Wof hfg] lgisif{df k'luof] . cof]Wofdf # r/0fsf] s8f ;'/Iff Joj:yf ldnfOPsf] /x]5 . ;z:q, hgky / sdf08f];lxtsf] . /fHon] oxfFsf] ;'/Iff Joj:yfdf b]vfPsf] rf;f] / nufgL ;De]m/ xfdLnfO{ pb]s nfUof] .

cof]Wof dlGb/ k|j]z ubf{ u/uxgf, cf}iflw, Sofd]/f cflb ;fydf lnP/ hfg gkfOg] lgod /x]5 . ;f]xL lgodd'tflas d}n] xftdf nufPsf] tfdfsf] afnf km'sfn]/ ns/df /fVg lbPF . vNtLdf k|];/sf] cf}iflw lyof], ( ah] vfg'kg]{ . sl/a *M#) alh;s]sfn] cfwf 3G6fdf dlGb/ k|blIf0ff u/]/ g;lsg] 7x/ eO{ cf}iflwrflxF afSnf] Hofs]6sf] leqL vNtLdf u'6'd'6' agfP/ /fv]sf] lyPF . r]shfFr olt s8f lyof] ls pgLx¿sf] OR5fa]u/ l;of];Dd leq k|j]z ug{ ;Sb}gYof] . dnfO{ cf}lw 8/ nfUof], st} cf}iflw km]nf k/]/ cj1f u/]sf] eGb} bz{g ug{af6} jl~rt ul/lbP jf cf}iflw lkmtf{ g} lbPgg\ eg] Û km]l/ Ps 7fpFdf r]s u/fP/ leq k;]sf Ps hgf bfh'sf] z/L/af6 csf]{ r/0fsf] r]shfFr x'Fbf 38L km]nf k/]kl5 ;'/IffsdL{x¿n] ¥ofv¥ofv kf/]sf] b[Zon] klg d]/f] ;ftf]k'Tnf] pl8;s]sf] lyof] . d}n] cem} yk b'O{ r/0fsf] ;'/Iff hfFrdf kf; x'g'kg]{ cj:yf afª\sL lyof] t/ ;+hf]u dfGg'k5{ ;'/IffsdL{x¿n] s'g} ;'OFsf] kfpg ;s]gg\ . vNtLdf /x]sf] k|];/sf] cf}iflw ;do ePkl5 3'6'Ss lgNg t lglnof] t/ Tof] lbg vfPsf] k|];/sf] cf}iflwn] emg} kf] k|];/ a9fPsf] dx;'; eof] .

cof]Wofdf xfdLn] njs'z dlGb/, hfgsL dlGb/ cflbsf] bz{g u¥of}F . /fdsf] d"lt{rflxF kfnn] 3]l/Psf] cj:yfdf ;'/lIft ul/Psf] /x]5 . cof]Wof ljjfbdf ef/tLo cbfntaf6 km};nf eO{ cof]Wof If]qs} % Ps/ hldg d'l:ndx¿nfO{ klg pknAw u/fpg] cfb]z eO{ cof]Wofdf /fd dlGb/ agfpg dfu{k|z:t ePsf] xNnf xfdL cof]Wofdf /xFbf g} km}ln/x]sfn] cfufdL %÷& jif{df cof]Wof If]qsf] klg /fd|f] ljsf; x'g] ;Defjgf xfdLn] b]Vof}F .

o;k|sf/ dª\l;/ !# ut] cof]Wof If]qsf] cjnf]sg u/]kZrft\ laxfg !)M#) ah] g]kfn lkmtL{sf] nflu lxFl8of] . ;fFem ;'gf}nL cfOk'u]/ s]xL ;fdfgx¿ lsgd]n u/]/ ToxfFaf6 lxF8]kl5 !$ ut] laxfg $ ah]sf] ;dodf 3/ cfOk'luof] / Pp6f tLy{ofqf ;dfkg x'g k'Uof] . ìì

cd/ Hof]lt÷69

ca pkb|f] ub}{gf}F

rDks jgdf a:g] ;f]g" / df]g" afFb/ kSsfsf ldq lyP . pgLx¿ Ps} Snf;df k9\y] . 3/af6 k9\g eg]/ Ps};fy lgl:sGy] t/ af6f]af6} efUy] / lbgel/ 3'Dy] . ;f]emf hgfj/x¿nfO{ b'Mv lbP/ ;tfpFy] clg ;fFemdf r'krfk cf–cfˆgf] 3/df hfGy] . pgLx¿sf] o:tf] Jojxf/n] jgsf ;a} hgfj/ lbSs e};s]sf lyP . c¿nfO{ b'Mv lbFbf ;f]g" / df]g"nfO{ /dfOnf] nfUYof] . cfhsn pgLx¿sf] gofF pkb|f] lyof]–3/sf] aflx/ ePsf] 3G6L ahfP/ cgfxsdf b'Mv lbg] . pgLx¿ n's]/ s;}sf] 3/df k'Uy] / 3G6L ahfpFy] clg leqaf6 s]xL 9f]sf vf]Ng cfpg'eGbf klxNo} efu]/ st} 5]lnP/ n'Sy] . o;/L c¿nfO{ ;tfpgsf nflu pgLx¿ gofF–gofF 6f]ndf hfGy] .

Ps lbg laxfg} pgLx¿sf] e]6 eof] . df]g"n] ;f]g"nfO{ eGof]– æ;f]g", lxhf] t w]/} /dfOnf] eof] x} Û slt /fd|f] 7fpF vf]h]sf 5f}F xfdLn] klg=== ToxfF t n'Sgsf nflu klg slt w]/} 7fpF 5 === .Æ

æxf] / Û lxF8, cfh klg ToxLF hfg] x} ÛÆ ;f]g"n] pT;flxt x'Fb} eGof] . ;a}eGbf klxnf uNnLsf] s'gfdf ePsf] 3/df pgLx¿n] 3G6L ahfP .

of] 3/ r'gd'g xl/0fsf] lyof] . pm 9f]sf vf]Ng cfof] t/ aflx/ s;}nfO{ gb]v]/ kmtkmtfpFb} leq kmls{of] . cfˆgf] ;kmntfdf pgLx¿ k]6 ldlrldrL xfF;] . of] uNnLdf pgLx¿ w]/} k6s cfO;s]sf lyP .

s]xL ;do otfptf 3'd]/ pgLx¿ ef]n" efn'sf] 3/tkm{ nfu] . ef]n"sf] 3/sf] 3G6Lsf] cfjfh Psbd} ;'dw'/ lyof] . p;sf] 3/ klg lgs} 7"nf] lyof] . ;f]g"df]g" 9f]sfdf k'u] . pgLx¿n] 3G6L ahfpg} nfu]sf a]nf ef]n"n] pgLx¿ b'j}nfO{ RofKk} ;dfTof] . ef]n" ahf/af6 ;fdfg lsg]/ 3/ cfpFb} lyof] . of] s'/f ;f]g"df]g"n] kQ} kfPgg\ . b'j}n] ef]n"af6 km'lTsg lgs} k|of; u/] t/ km'lTsg Tolt ;lhnf] lyPg\ . ca pgLx¿sf] xfF;f] x/fof] . cg'xf/ sfnf]lgnf] eof] .

ef]n"n] b'j}nfO{ 3/leq nUof] . ToxfF p;sL la/fdL cfdf kL8fn] s/fO/x]sL lyOg\ .

æltdLx¿ b'j} ca d]/f] sAhfdf 5f} .Æ ef]n"n] pgLx¿nfO{ 3'/]/ x]b}{ cfb]zfTds :j/df eGof]– æs]xL sfdn] d aflx/ hfFb} 5' . d gkmls{Gh]n;Dd ltdLx¿ b'j} ldn]/ d]/L la/fdL cfdfsf] x]/ljrf/ ug"{ . 3/df sf]xL gePsfn]

/fhs'df/ h}g ’/fhgÚ

cg'jfb ;flxTo

-lxGbLaf6 cg'jfbM ;'dL nf]xgL_

cd/ Hof]lt÷70

cfdfsf] x]/ljrf/ v"a Wofg lbP/ ug{" . x/]s b'O{ 3G6fdf 6]andf /fv]sf] cf}ifwL v'jfpg" .Æ olt eGb} km]l/ pgLx¿sf] emf]nf b/fhdf /fv]/ tfNrf nufpFb} eGof]– æcF, o;} aLrdf d]/f] efO lkn" oxfF cfpg]5 . olb ltdLx¿n] d}n] eg]cg';f/ u/]gf} / efUg] sf]l;; u¥of} eg] k'ln;nfO{ af]nfP/ h]ndf y'gfOlbG5' . To;}n] a]sf/df efUg] k|of; gug{" . ltdLx¿df d]/f] s8f b[li6 /xg]5 . ca d hfFb} 5', 9f]sf leqaf6 aGb u/ .Æ olt eg]/ ef]n" 3/af6 aflx/ lgl:sof] .

s]xL ;dokl5 9f]sfsf] 3G6L aHof] . ;f]g"–df]g"n] bf}l8b} uP/ 9f]sf vf]n] t/ aflx/ sf]xL klg lyPg . pgLx¿ lg/fz eP . slt a]/;Dd o:t} e}/Xof] . 3G6L aHYof], pgLx¿ bf}l8Fb} uP/ 9f]sf vf]Ny] t/ aflx/ sf]xL x'Fb}gYof] . leqaf6 aflx/ / aflx/af6 leq bf}l8Fb} af/Daf/ hfFbf–cfpFbf pgLx¿sf] ;f; km'n]/ :jfF–:jfF e}/x]sf] lyof] . bf}l8Fbf–bf}l8Fbf pgLx¿sf v'§f klg b'Vg yfn] .

x}/fg eP/ df]g"n] ?Gr] :j/df eGof]– æxfdLn] lbNnuLsf nflu pkb|f] gu/]sf] eP cfh o;/L cK7]/f]df kb}{gYof}F . d t cab]lv s'g} klg pkb|f] ulb{gF .Æ

æxf], d klg .Æ cfF;' k'5\b} ;f]g"n] eGof]– æxfd|f] pkb|f]sf sf/0f xfd|f] k9fOdf klg slt gf]S;fg e};Sof] . ca xfdL slxNo} klg :s'naf6 gefUg], slxNo} pkb|f] klg gug]{ .Æ

ha cfkm"nfO{ cfkt k¥of], ta pgLx¿n] cfˆgf] sf/0fn] c¿nfO{ k/]sf] b'Mv–cK7]/f]sf af/]df dx;'; u/] . 3G6Lsf] cfjfh ;'g]/ 9f]sf vf]Nbf aflx/ s;}nfO{ gb]v]kl5 slt lbSs nfU5 eGg] s'/f pgLx¿n] aNn a'em] .

lbpF;f] km]l/ 3G6L aHof] . ?Fb} la:tf/} bf}l8P/ d'l:snn] pgLx¿n] 9f]sf vf]n] . xftdf y'k|} kf]sf ;dfPsf] ef]n" efn' pgLx¿sf] ;fd'Gg] lyof] .

leq cfP/ ef]n"n] pgLx¿nfO{ dfof u/]/ ;Demfof]– æaRrfx¿ rsrs] x'G5g\ t/ ltdLx¿sf] rsrs / pkb|f] uDeL/ k|sf/sf] 5 . ltdLx¿nfO{ yfxf 5}g, o;/L ;tfpFbf hgfj/x¿nfO{ slt w]/} c;'ljwf / b'Mv x'G5 . lxhf];Dd d]/L cfdf lans'n :j:y lyOg\ . t/, lxhf] ltdLx¿n] af/Daf/ 3G6L ahfP/ pgnfO{ b'Mv lbof} . clGtd k6s 9f]sf vf]Ng hfFbf pgL lrlKnP/ nl8g\ / pgnfO{ w]/} rf]6 nfUof] . 3/df PSn} ePsfn] pgnfO{ w]/} c;'ljwf eof] . ToxL sf/0fn] pgL la/fdL eP/ vf6af6 p7\g} g;Sg] eOg\ . ;f]r, olb ltdLx¿nfO{ klg o:t} eof] eg] s] xf]nf < s:tf] nfUnf < pkb|f] 5f8]/ ltdLx¿ c;n hgfj/ ag .Æ

æsfsf, xfdL ;fFlRrs} nlHht ePsf 5f}F . cfhb]lv slxNo} s'g} klg k|sf/sf] pkb|f] gug]{ eg]/ xfdLn] lgZro u/]sf 5f}F .Æ ;f]g" / df]g"n] Ps} :j/df eg] . sfg ;dft]/ pgLx¿n] ef]n" / pgsL cfdf;Fu klg dfkmL dfu] .

ìì cfsf]nf–#!@@)% -lrQf}8\u9_ /fh:yfg, ef/t

cd/ Hof]lt÷71

k9\g dg nfU5cfdf elG5g\ k9 afa", 7"nf] dfG5] aGg' 5Wofg lbO{, kf7 k9L, ;'vL hLjg afFRg' 5lzIffn] g} agfpF5 c;n dfG5], of] a'em/fd|f] eGbf c;nn] kfpF5 dfg, of] ;'em .

k9\g dg nfU5 dnfO{, Wofg lbO{ k9\5'u[xsfo{ ;a} ;sL :s'n ;w}F d nfG5'3/df dnfO{ d]/L cfdf dfof w]/} ul5{g\ k9\g] 5f]/f eg]/ dL7f] rf]vf] v'jfpFl5g\ .

3/sf] sfd cfdf ;w}F PSn} ;a} EofpFl5g\ o:tf] ubf{ klg ;w}F ;fFem s'6fO{ vflG5g\

/~h'>L k/fh'nL

sljtf

afn–sljtf

ablng] /ªx¿

/ftf] /ª /ftf] g} x'g'k5{To:t} sfnf] /ª klg sfnf] g} x'g'k5{t/, /Ëx¿ klg dfG5]x¿ h:t}…htflt/ dNsf] ptflt/ 9Nsf]Úlsg kl/jt{g x'g vf]H5g\ /ªx¿ <sljtf, oxLaf6 cf/De x'G5 —==== ===== ===== =====gofF xflsd cfpg] eof]ltjf/L / uf]tfd] aGg]x¿nfO{ cK7]/f] kg]{ cj:yf b]lvof] pgLx¿ cftlÍt / ;zlÍt b]lvg yfn] tyflk, xflsd cfpg] nueu lglZrth:t} eof]

/ª kl/jt{g ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtf eP klg dNsf]9Nsf]x¿ xtf; ePo; sf/0fn] xtf; eP ls—cfpg] xflsdsf] An8 u|'k pgLx¿;Fu gldNbf] /x]5 Û

c:6d\ cfZro{—ToxL u|'k cfh ;d"xut ¿kdfxftdf xft ;fydf ;fy ldnfP/ lxFl8/x]5 zfob o;}nfO{ elgG5—ablng] /ªx¿ === Ûììg]ljk|f, k'Nrf]s ljt/0f s]Gb|

bof v8\uL ’a]r}gÚ

afaf lkoSs8 xlNnFb} ;fFem 3/ lkm5{g\ b}n}b]lv cfdfnfO{ ufnL ub}{ 3/ l55{g\ .

afaf d]/f lbgel/ afx|df;] vfn yfkL v]N5g\ cfkm"h:t} c¿ hDdf u/L 7"n} vfn yfK5g\k};f ;a} xf/]/ /S;L wf]sL xlNnFb} 3/ k:5g\b}n}b]lv cfdfnfO{ tyfgfd ufnL ub}{ cfpF5g\ .

cfdf b'MvL b]Vbf dnfO{ si6kL8f w]/ x'G5dgleqsf] kL/n] lrlGtt dnfO{ t'NofpF5afaf d]/f ;'lw|P zflGt x'GYof] xfdLnfO{v'nf lbdfu ePdf zLtn x'GYof] k9\gnfO{ .ìì afF;af/L

cd/ Hof]lt÷72

ofqfsf] snfTds cg'e"lt

ofqf ;+:d/0ffTds lgaGw cyf{t\ lgofqf, ;flxTosf] nf]slk|o ljwf xf] . cfk"mn] gb]v]sf] 7fpFsf] snf, ;+:s[lt tyf hLjgk4ltsf af/]df hfGg kfOg] clg lgaGwsf/sf] cg'e"lt a'‰g ;lsg] x'Fbf ofqf ;+:d/0fk|lt kf7ssf] ?lr b]lvG5 . g]kfnLdf hª\uaxfb'/sf] a]nfot ofqfaf6 cf/De ePsf] ofqf ;+:d/0f ;fn;fn cl3;Dd tLyf{6gsf] j0f{gdf s]lGb|t lyof] . /f0ff zf;gsf] s7f]/tfsf sf/0f hgtfdf ljt[i0ff / lg/fzf km}lnPsf] lyof] . dfG5]sf :jtGqtf tyf dgf]/~hgsf cGo pkfox¿ gePsf sf/0f pm wfld{s ofqfdf /dfpFYof] . wd{, bfgh:tf s'/fx¿nfO{ dxŒj lbOg] tTsfnLg ;dosf] ofqf–n]vgdf o:t} tLy{ofqLx¿sf] ljz]if e"ldsf /Xof] . o;sf cltl/Qm ljb]z ofqf klg o; r/0fdf cfP . o'/f]k ofqf, adf{sf] ;D´gf h:tf s[ltx¿ ljb]z ofqf;Fu ;DalGwt 5g\ .

ofqf ;+:d/0fsf] Oltxf;df cfw'lgstfsf] kbrfk;lxt n}gl;+x jfª\b]nsf] cfudgkl5 tfgf zdf{, /d]z ljsn, 3gZofd /fhsl0f{sf/, dbgdl0f bLlIft, d~h'n, lgdf]{xL Jof;, eLid pk|]tL, 8f]/axfb'/ lji6, k|tLs 9sfn, b]j]Gb| e§/fO{, dx]zljqmd zfxnufotsf ;|i6fx¿ ljb]z e|d0fnfO{ ljifo agfP/ ofqf ;+:d/0f–n]vgdf lqmofzLn /x] . ofqf ljb]zsf] dfq xf]Og, :jb]zsf] klg ug{'k5{ / lgofqfdf :jb]z e|d0fsf] pNn]Vo hfgsf/L lbg ;lsG5 eGg] dfGotfsf ;fy :jb]zs} ljleGg ko{6sLo If]qx¿sf] e|d0f u/]/ ofqf ;+:d/0f n]Vg] k/Dk/fsf] ljsf; eof] . of] qmddf clxn] ;of}F ;|i6fx¿ ;lqmo 5g\ . :jb]zs} ljleGg :yfgx¿sf] e|d0f u/L ofqfsf qmddf ;Fufn]sf cg'e"ltx¿sf] snfTds k|:t'ltsf ;fy ofqf ;+:d/0f n]Vg] lgaGwsf/x¿sf] nx/df b]vf k/]sf 5g\, /fh]Gb|dfg 8ª\uf]n . xfn} logsf] …ofqfsf kfOnfÚ gfds s[lt k|sfzg ePsf] 5 .

lgofqf cyf{t\ ofqf ;+:d/0f jf:tjdf x]bf{ hlt ;lhnf] b]lvG5, To:tf] x'Fb}g . ofqfsf] j0f{gdf s]lGb|t x'g] xf] eg] lgaGw 5'6\g] clg lgaGwdf s]lGb|t x'g] xf] eg] ofqf 5'6\g] x'Fbf oL b'j}nfO{ ;fy} 8f]¥ofpg ;Sg' sl7gfOsf] ofqf xf] . n]vsn] cfk"m;Fu;Fu} kf7snfO{ klg lxF8fpg ;Sg'k5{ . kf7sn] ofqf ;+:d/0f k9\b} ubf{ cfkm" klg 3'ld/x]sf] cg'ej ug'{k5{ . kfqnfO{ cfk"m;Fu} 8f]¥ofpg ;Sg' ;h{ssf] dfq geP/ lgofqfsf] klg ljz]iftf x'g'k5{ . o:tf]

;dLIff

k|eftL ls/0f

cd/ Hof]lt÷73

ofqf ;kmntfsf ;fy to ug]{ ;|i6fx¿ g]kfnL ;flxTodf yf]/} 5g\ . /fh]Gb|dfg 8ª\uf]n o:t} sl7g ofqfsf] qmddf 5g\ .

cfh dflg; b]z 5f8]/ ljb]z tyf k[YjL 5f8]/ cGtl/Ifsf] ofqf ug{ rfxG5 . pm cfˆg} b]zsf /d0fLo k|fs[lts :yfgx¿ k'u]sf] x'Fb}g . xfdL ko{6gnfO{ /fli6«o cy{tGqsf] d]?b08 dfG5f}F t/ xfd|} b]zsf ko{6sLo :yfgx¿sf] af/]df cgle1 5f}F . b]z e|d0f jif{sf] ;F3f/df 5 t/ cfGtl/s ko{6g k|j4{gdf /fli6«o gLlt 7f]; x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . b]zsf ljleGg :yfgx¿df gofFgofF ko{6sLo uGtJo klxrfg ug]{, ToxfFsf] af/]df cfjZos ;"rgf ;ª\sng ug]{, To;sf] Joj:yfkg ug]{ / k|rf/ ug]{ sfddf /fHon] s/f]8f}F nufgL ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . o:tf]df /fh]Gb|dfg 8ª\uf]n b]zsf ljleGg /d0fLo ko{6sLo :ynx¿sf] e|d0f u/]/ ToxfFsf] ef}uf]lns, k|fs[lts, ;f+:s[lts dxŒj ´NsfpFb} ;"Id cg'e"ltsf] k|:t'ltsf ;fy n]lvPsf lgofqfx¿sf] ;ª\u|x lnP/ cfPsf 5g\ . of] ko{6g k|j4{gdf ;d]t dxŒjk"0f{ pknlAw x'g ;S5 .

…ofqfsf kfOnfÚdf hDdf bz j6f ;+:d/0fx¿ ;d]l6Psf 5g\ . nfª6fª, s~rghª\uf, cGgk"0f{, clk, ;u/dfyf, yf]/fª\nfnufotsf lxdfnL If]qsf] ofqfsf cltl/Qm cGo ko{6sLo If]qsf] kbofqf o; ;ª\u|xdf ;d]l6Psf lgaGwsf ljifo x'g\ . ljb]zL ko{6sx¿;Fusf] ofqf, :jb]zL kfqx¿, ofqfsf qmddf b]lvPsf dflg;x¿, pgLx¿sf] cfltYo–;Tsf/, e|d0f uGtJosf] ef}uf]lns, k|fs[lts, ;f+:s[lts kIf tyf ToxfFsf dflg;sf] hLjgk4lt ;"Id 9ª\un] ptfl/Psf oL lgaGwx¿ snfsf b[li6n] klg pRr 5g\ .

cfofdsf b[li6n] s'g} lgaGw ;fx|} nfdf 5g\Ù s'g} 5f]6f 5g\ . s'g} eg] dWod 5g\ . nfdf lgaGwx¿df pkzLif{s /fv]/ kf7snfO{ ;lhnf] agfOPsf] 5 . Ps a;fOdf Pp6f pkzLif{s k9]/ klg k"0f{ cfgGb lng ;lsG5 .

ofqf ;+:d/0fsf] cf/De, ljifosf] p7fg, tyf ;dfkg cToGt /f]rs 5 . snfTds efiff, 7fpF7fpFdf sljtfsf ;'Gb/ kª\lQm, :yfgLo tyf ko{6sx¿;Fusf] cfsif{s ;+jfbn] lgaGw ;'Gb/ ag]sf 5g\ . lgaGwsf/ df}lns lzNk :yfkgfsf] k|of;df b]lvG5g\ . oxfF ;d]l6Psf lgaGwx¿ k9\bf kf7s cfk"m klg ;|i6f;Fu} ofqf u5{ . cfk"m gk'u]sf] 7fpFsf] af/]df k9\b} ubf{ kf7ssf] cfFvfdf ;DalGwt 7fpFsf] b[Zo ´n´nL cfFvf cufl8 cfpF5 . Ps k6s k'u]sfx¿nfO{ klg cf]xf], d}n] Tof] lsg cg'ej ug{ ;lsgF eGg]/ r'sr'sfpg] vfnsf lgaGwx¿ ofqfsf kfOnf ;ª\u|xdf ;d]l6Psf 5g\ . lqz"nL jfª\do k|lti7fgåf/f k|sflzt of] s[lt ;flxTosf] e08f/df yk Pp6f s[lt dfq geP/ cfGtl/s tyf afXo ko{6g k|j4{gdf dxŒjk"0f{ 6]jf k'¥ofpg] s8L klg aGg ;S5 .

ìì

cd/ Hof]lt÷74

zx/sf] /ª

/fdafa' hflu/ klg vfg], k9\g] klg eg]/ zx/ cfof] . hflu/ gkfpGh]n dfdf3/df a:g eg]/ pm ;fFem dfdf3/ cfOk'Uof] . cfPsf] lbg p;n] /fd|} dfg–;Ddfg kfof] .

pm cfPsf] kl;{kN6 dfdfn] p;nfO{ tn l5F8Lsf] sf]7f b]vfP/ eg], æca ltdL oxL sf]7fdf a; efGhf Û c¿nfO{ eGbf sd} lnpFnf . hflu/ vf]h]/ vfpm / dlxgfjf/L sf]7fef8f a'emfpm . b'O{rf/ lbg l9nf]rfF8f] a? x]/f}Fnf . of] t zx/ xf] efGhf Û oxfF ufpFdf h:tf] dfdf3/ eg]/ ;w}F sxfF x'G5 / Û slxn]sfxLF cfpFbf] kf] xf] t Û ;w}F a:g'kg]{ ePkl5 t ljrf/ ug}{ k¥of] lg, xf]Og t < gftf cfˆgf] 7fpFdf 5, ;d:of cfˆg} 7fpFdf x'G5, s] ug'{ ÛÆ

p;sf dfdf–dfOh" ev{/ev{/ 3/sf sf]7f axfndf nufP/ x'g]–vfg] zxl/of e}6f]kn]sf lyP . ca /fdafa"sf] dfjnL;Fusf] gftf ablnof] . dfdfx¿ 3/a]6L ag] / pm 8]/fjfn x'g] . pm sfd vf]h]/ /f]huf/L ug{ yfNof]] .

dlxgf gdb}{ ef8fsf] lan cfOk'UYof] . lan kfPsf] tLg lbgleq ef8f a'emfO;Sg'kg]{ lgod 3/a]6Ln] agfPsf lyP . tLg lbgleq ef8f ga'emfP c¿nfO{ xKsLbKsL;lxt, pgnfO{ lrKnf] efiffd} tLg lbg ;do yk x'GYof] .

axfn a'e]mkl5 dfdfrflxF eGy], æefGhf;Fu ef8f lng' gx'g] . oqf sf]7fx¿ axfndf nufPkl5 Pp6f sf]7fdf t efGhfnfO{ TolQs} /fv] lg x'g] xf] Û t/, s] ug{' Û xfDnfO{ lg uf/} 5 .Æ

a:b} hfFbf p;n] dfdfsf] rfnrng a'‰b} uof] . c¿;Fu eGbf a9L axfn / lah'nL kfgLsf] k};f cfk"m;Fu lnFbf/x]5g\ eGg] yfxf kfPkl5 t p;sf] dg leqleq} kf]ln/x]sf] lyof] .

Ps lbg laxfg sk8f wf]P/ ;'sfpg 3/sf] 5tdf pSnFbf kf] pm Ps}rf]l6 5fFufaf6 v;]em}F eof] . p;sf dfdf–dfOh" kNnf] 3/sf l5d]sL;Fu eGb} /x]5g\, æzxl/of eOof] eGb}df cfˆgf] dfG5];Fu s;/L axfn lng' Û dg k6Ss} dfGb}g Û xfdLn] t Pp6f sf]7fdf TolQs} /fv]sf 5f}F efGhfafa"nfO{ ÛÆ

ìì afudtL–!!, sd}{of, ;nf{xL

nLnf/fh bfxfn

n3'syf

cd/ Hof]lt÷75

/fdfo0fdf e/tsf] g}ltstf

cof]Wofsf oz:jL /fhf bz/ysf b'O{ >LdtL sf}zNof / ;'ldqfaf6 lgs} jif{;Dd klg hfohGd gePkl5 /fhfn] t];|f] ljjfx ug{ sGof vf]Hg yfn] . cfk"m s]xL j[4 eO;s]sf] / b'O{ /fgLaf6 k'q k}bf gePkl5 s;nfO{ pQ/flwsf/L agfpg] eGg] wf]sf] dgdf la‰of] . o:t}df pgn] t];|L >LdtL /fh3/fgfs} ;'sGof s}s]oL -pd]/df lgs} ;fgL_ ;“u ljjfx ug{ rf“hf]kf“hf] ldnfP . sGofsf afa'n] Pp6f ;t{ /fv] ls s}s]oLaf6 hGd]sf] ;'k'q /fhfsf] pQ/flwsf/L x'g'k5{ . clg, /fhf bz/yn] jfrf u/L s}s]oLnfO{ leœofP, /fgL agfP . pgnfO{ cnUu} b/af/ agfOlbP klg . s}s]oL c¿ cl3sf /fgLx¿eGbf :jefjdf leGg / n8fs" :jefjsL lyOg\ . o;}n] /fhf bz/y;“u;“u} hxf“hxf“ /fhf uP klg ;fy nfUg yflng\ .

o:t}df Pp6f k|;· dxf/eftdf klg b]lvof] . eLid lktfdx -hf] ag] kl5_ n] cfˆgf lktfnfO{ cfk}m“ uO{ sGof;“u ljjfx u/fP, hxf“ tL x'g]jfnL /fgLsf] sf]vaf6 hGd]sf] k'q /fhf x'g'kg]{ ;t{ pgsf dfemL afa'n] /fv] . ;t{cg';f/ ljjfx eof] . kl/0ffd lg:Sof]— eLid ;bfsf nflu cljjflxt .

k|;· s}s]oL / cGo b'O{ dxf/fgLsf] . /fhf bz/y cflv/ lzsf/L g eP, ca tLg j6L dxf/fgLsf] sf]vdf ue{ /Xof] . /fgL sf}zNofaf6 k|yd k'q /fd hlGdP eg] csL{ /fgL s}s]oLaf6 bf];|f] k'qsf ¿kdf e/t hlGdP . 5Ss kg]{ s] 5 / < aLp /f]k]kl5 kmn nfU5 . ;'ldqfaf6 t hDNofxf b'O{ k'q nId0f / zq'£g Ps};fy hlGdP . /fhf bz/y dfnfdfn eP . ca 5f]/fsf] cyf{t\ pQ/flwsf/Lsf] ;d:of ePg . /fd;“u ;w}F xf“:g]], v]Ng] u/L dg axnfP clg /fdnfO{ pQ/flwsf/L agfpg] dg;'af eof] dgdf . rf/} hgf /fhs'df/nfO{ u'? jl;i7n] lzIffbLIfÔf lbP/ lgk'0f agfP . /fhs'df/x¿ lgk'0f wg'wf{/L ag] . cfk;df v"a ldNg] eP . !^ jif{kl5 /fd / nId0fnfO{ jfNdLls Clifn] lrqs"6 l:yt s'6Ldf nu] . e/t / zq'£g bz/y;“u} a;] . ljjfxof]Uo ;a} /fhs'df/Lx¿sf] vf]hdf lyP .

df]xgaxfb'/ sfo:y

lgaGw

cd/ Hof]lt÷76

jfNdLls Clifsxf“ /fd / nId0f uP eg] e/t / zq'£g /fhf;“u ;fydf /x] . kl5 jfNdLls Clifn] /fhf hgssL 5f]/L ;Ltf;“u ljjfx u/fOlbg x]t' hgsk'/ wfddf /fd / nId0fnfO{ lnP/ k'u] . Toxf“ /fhf hgsn] ;Ltfsf] ljjfx ul/lbg] ;t{df w]/} /fhs'df/x¿n] ;t{ lgefpg g;s]sf] a]nf jfNdLls Clifsf] Ozf/f lz/f]k/ u/L /fd Tof] k'/fgf] wg'if p7fP/ tf“bf] s:g tof/ eP . clg, wg'if ;lhn} p7fP / af0f xfGg tlD;“bf wg'if 6'j|mf6'j|mf x'g k'Uof] . o:tf] dxfjnLsf] ;fdYo{ b]v]/ /fhf hgs clt k|;Gg eP eg] ;Ltf klg o:tf k/fj|mdL;“u ljjfx ug{ dg}b]lv k|;Gg eOg\ . To;kl5 w'dwfd;“u /fhf bz/ysf] ;d"x hgsk'/ uO{ /fdsf] ljjfx ;';DkGg u/]/ cof]Wof kmSof]{ .

/fhf bz/yn] /fd;“u lgs} k|;Gg eO{ /fhsfh rnfP . e/t / zq'£g dfjn uPsf lyP . ;do !@ jif{ j/k/ k'u]5 . /fhf bz/y /fdnfO{ pQ/flwsf/L agfpg / /fHofleif]s ug{kl§ nfu] . o; a]nf e/t ToxfF cof]Wofdf lyPgg\ . s;};“u /fo;Nnfx lnOPsf] lyPg klg . /fHofleif]ssf] tof/L eO/fv]sf] a]nf /fgL s}s]oLsL ;]ljsf dGy/fn] Ps} /ftdf /fgL s}s]oLsf] dg / /fhfsL cfdf aGg] lnK;fdf e'mlsg\ . /fhf bz/y;“u pgn] lbPsf b'O{ jrg k"/f ug{ cg'/f]w ul/g\ . /fhf t 5Ss k/], t}klg s] b'O{ jrg egL ;'Gg rfx] . /fgL s}s]oLn] elgg\— æe/tnfO{ /fhu2L lbP/ /fdnfO{ !$ jif{ jgjf; k7fOaS:of];\ .Æ ;'g]/ /fhf a]xf]; eP / xf];df cfP/ /fdnfO{ jgjf; k7fP . /fdsf] ;fydf ;Ltf klg hfg] eOg\ . ;xof]u / ;]jfsf nflu nId0f klg hfg] eP .

o:tf] 36gfrj|mleq /fhf bz/y sf]xL Ps 5f]/f ;fydf gePsf] a]nf emG8} >j0fs'df/sf lktfn] lbPsf] >fk nfu]e}m“ /fhf bz/ysf] k|f0f uof] . olt a]nf /fdnId0f jgjf;df / e/t–zq'£g dfjndf lyP . eg]h:t} eof]— /fhf bz/y sf]xL k'q gePsf] a]nf d/] .

/fhs'df/ e/t / zq'£gnfO{ lng k7fOof] / s]xL lbgdf cof]Wof cfOk'u] . ;f/f j[QfGt cfdf s}s]oL / cGoaf6 ;'g] . lrQ b'vfP . clg, /fhfsf] cGTo]li6 u/L /fdnfO{ lng hfg tof/ eP . /fhf gePsf] eof] cof]Wof . e/tn] cfˆgf] /fHofleif]s ug{ dfg]gg\ . cfdf s}s]oL;“u klg lj/f]w hgfP . cflv/ /fdnfO{ vf]Hg jgdf hfg] eP . e/t /fdsxf“ hf“bf c¿ w]/}sf] n:s/ nfUof] .

bfh' /fdnfO{ cg'goljgo u/]/ kmsf{pg vf]h], l;+xf;gdf /fVg vf]h], t/ st{Jok/fo0f /fdn] kms{g dfg]gg\ / e/tnfO{ ;DemfP/ kmsf{P .

cd/ Hof]lt÷77

o;} a]nf e/tn] /fdsf] kfb'sf dfu] / /fd gkms]{;Dd Tof] kfb'sf l;+xf;gdf /fv]/ pgn] /fhsfh rnfP . /fHofleif]s klg u/fPgg\ / /fd gkms]{;Dd g} kfb'sfnfO{ lz/f]k/ u/L a;] .

e/tnfO{ lrGg nufp“bf lktfeSt, bfh'eSt / o:t} /xg;xg, dfgdof{bf cflb l;sfOPsf] b]lvG5 . nf]e 5}g, 5nsk6 jf rt'¥ofO“ 5}g . cfdfsf] g}/fZodo lrGtgk|lt cfj|mf]lzt eP . /fhf bz/ysf] k|f0f oxL sf/0faf6 uPsf] eGg] eof] . s}s]oL klg e/tsf] cf:yf b]v]/ b· kl/g\ . s:tf] lgisk6, s:tf] cg'zfl;t, /fhf aGg kfp“bf klg v';L gePsf] . s:tf] bfh'k|lt >4f, ;a} bË k/] .

dflg;df o:tf] e/tsf] h:tf] cfr/0f x'“bf] xf]

;'g;'g gfgL xf]

;'g, ;'g ;fgf ;fgf gfgLafa" xf] Pp6f /fd|f] s'/f eG5' glhs} a; nf} .!..

sfg yfk]/ ;'g ;Ltf, lgzf sfg vf]n]/Wofg lbP/ ;'g /fd, Zofd dg nufP/ ..@..

laxfg rfF8} p7]kl5 k9\g" gfgLn]c;n dfG5] eOG5 k9\g] afgLn] ..#..

k9\g'k5{ laxfgLdf ;fFemkv v]Ng";fyL;Fu xfF;v]n / 76\of}nL lg ug{" ..$..

aQL aNbf cGwsf/ cfkm}+ efluhfG5 k9]kl5 c1fg klg To;}u/L efU5 ..%..

To;}n] t k9\g'k5{ ;fgf gfgL xf];w}Fel/ laxfg k9\g] /fd|f] afgL xf] ..^..ììrt/f, ;'g;/L

gf/fo0f lg/f}nf

afnsljtf

t b]z s:tf] x'GYof] xf]nf < e/t ;f]emf x'g\ ls nf6f < /fhs'df/ eP klg bfh'k|lt o:tf] k|]ldn efj st} kfOG5 / o:tf], oxf“h:tf] <

clxn]sf] o'udf nf]enfnr, sfdgf, cxd\, j|mf]w, kÔkft cflb htftt} JofKt 5g\ . /fhgLltdf s'gLlt k|j]z u/]sf] 5 . cfk}m“cfk}m“ emu8f, j}dg:o / d[ut[i0ff zlStk|lt nfnflot 5g\ ;a} . cxd\ efjgfn] h/f] uf8]sf] eP/ sf] eGbf sf] 7"nf] eGg]df k|lt:kwf{ 5 . n5f/k5f/ 5 ;dfhdf . ;Gt'i6 sf]xL klg kfOGg . e/tsf] rl/q x]bf{ elStefjdfq emNsG5 . cGofo ug]{, zf]if0f ug]{, cfˆgf tk{msf dfG5] agfpg] nf]enfnr knfPsf] b]lvGg .

ìì

cd/ Hof]lt÷78

pkof]uL cWoog

‘cys ;flxTo ;fws df]xgaxfb'/ sfo:yÚ ev{/} k|sfzgdf cfPsf] cg';GwfTds s[ltsf] gfd xf] . ;flxTosf/ ofbj/fh 3n]sf] k|:t't s[lt cf}krfl/s ¿kdf :gftsf]Q/ z}lIfs pkflwsf nflu tof/ ul/Psf] zf]wk|aGw xf] . To;} cg';GwfgnfO{ of] cfsf/df ;fj{hlgs ul/Psf] xf] .

k|:t't k':ts ;flxTosf/ df]xgaxfb'/ sfo:ysf] hLjgL, JolQmTj / s[ltTjsf ;fy} ;du| ;flxlTos of]ubfgsf] Jojl:yt clen]vLs/0f ug{ ;Ifd 5 . of] pxfFsf ;flxlTos of]ubfgsf cg]s kf6fx¿sf] n]vfhf]vf ug]{ / yk cWoog ug]{ l;F9Lsf] klxnf] kfOnf klg ePsfn] g]kfnL ;flxTosf] Oltxf;df dxŒjk"0f{ /x]sf] 5 . cgj/t ¿kdf ;fwgf u/L g]kfnL ;flxTosf] e08f/df ;f9] kfFr bh{g a9L s[lt ;'Dkg'ePsf ;h{s df]xgaxfb'/ sfo:y -lj=;+= @))!_ sf] ;dli6ut cWofog x'g' cfjZos lyof] . o;} cfjZostfnfO{ k"/f ub}{ cWo]tf ofbj/fh 3n]n] h'g sfo{ ug{'eof], Tof] cg's/0fLo / :t'To 5 .

cWo]tf ofbj/fh 3n] -lj=;+= @)@$_ cfkm}F klg g]kfnL ;flxTosf] sfJo / cfVofg ljwfdf jfO{=cf/= 3n]sf gfdaf6 kl/lrt JolQmTj x'g'x'G5 . k|zf;lgs ;]jf, k|fWofkg / cWofTd;Fu;Fu} ;flxlTos ultljlwdf ;lqmo /xg'ePdf pxfFsf] k|:t't s[lt klxnf] k':tsfsf/ s[lt xf] . cfVofgsf b'O{ / sfJosf tLg s[lt k|sfzf]Gd'v /x]sf ofbj/fh 3n] >i6f tyf ›i6f JolStTjsf] kl/ronfO{ ;dfgfGt/ lsl;dn] 8f]¥ofpFb} cl3 a9\g'ePsf] b]lvG5 . cg';Gw]o tyf cg';Gwftf b'j} g]kfnL ;flxlTos kmfF6sf ;xofqL tyf ;fws /x]sf x'gfn] klg k|:t't k':ts df]xgaxfb'/sf] ;flxlTos d"No lgwf{/0fdf pknlAwd"ns /x]sf] 5 .

OlGhlgo/ df]xgaxfb'/ sfo:y tLg bzseGbf nfdf] k]zfut ;]jfaf6 lgj[Q /x]/ klg ;flxlTos ultljlwdf ;lqmo x'g'x'G5 . tLg bzs cl3b]lv l;h{gfofqf ul//xg'ePsf ;flxTosf/ df]xgaxfb'/ sfo:yn] sfJo / cfVofgsf x/]s pkljwfdf snd rnfP/ ^& j6f s[lt kf7s ;dIf k]z ul/;Sg'ePsf] 5 . &% jif]{ jodf klg pxfFsf] l;h{gzLn pmhf{ g]kfnL ;flxTon] kfO g} /x]sf] 5 . pxfFsf] l;h{gzLn hfFu/ cem} klg tGg]/L 5 .

;dLIff

/d]zk|;fb ltdlN;gf

cd/ Hof]lt÷79

‘cys ;flxTo ;fws df]xgaxfb'/ sfo:yÚ hDdf rf/ cWofodf afF8]/ ul/Psf] ;du| cWofog xf] . k|:t't s[ltsf] klxnf] cWofodf ;flxTosf/ df]xgaxfb'/ sfo:ysf] kl/ro;Da4 ljljw kf6fx¿ ;d]l6Psf] 5 . of] hLjgL / JolQmTjsf] kl/rfos v08 xf] . bf];|f] cWofodf ;flxlTos ofqf / r/0f ljefhg /flvPsf] 5 . ;fy}, o; v08df s[ltTjsf] sfnqmlds ;"rL tyf ck|sflzt k':ts Pjd\ km'6s/ /rgfx¿sf] ljj/0f b]vfOPsf] 5 . s[ltsf] t];|f] cWofonfO{ …df]xgaxfb'/ sfo:ysf] ;flxlTos s[ltx¿sf] cWoogÚ pkzLif{s /flvPsf] 5 . o;leq pxfFåf/f l;lh{t ;a} s[ltx¿sf] cWoog ;d]l6g'kg]{df To;f] x'g ;s]sf] b]lvFb}g .

of] v08n] lj=;+= @)^@ kl5sf l;h{gf tyf s[lt ;d]6]sf] 5}g . zf]w cWoogkl5 lj=;+= @)&^ ;Ddsf] of]ubfg s[lt k|sfzgsf] r6f/f]df k/]/ aflxl/Psf b]lvG5g\ . rf}yf] tyf clGtd cWofo pk;+xf/sf ¿kdf /flvPsf] 5 . x'g t log} rf/ j6f cWoogleq zf]wf]Q/ s[ltTj;d]t ;d]6]/ /fVg ;lsGYof] . To;f] gu/Lsg ;flxlTos tyf u}x|;flxlTos /rgfx¿ …cjlzi6Ú zLif{sdf b]vfOPsf] 5 . o;df zf]wkl5 ylkPsf pxfFsf km'6s/ n]v -s]xL bf]xf]/f] k/]sf_ tyf s[ltx¿sf] ;ª\lIfKt cWofog /flvPsf] 5 . To:t}, ;Gbe{;|f]t klg @)^! df k|sflzt k':ts;Dd dfq ;Lldt ul/Psf] 5 .

o;af6 :jfefljs ¿kdf k':ts k|sfzgdf s]xL xtf/ ul/Psf] efg kb{5 . o:tf ;Lldt k|fljlws c;fjwfgLjfx]s s[ltdf y'k|} ;an kIfx¿ 5g\ . cf}krfl/s cWoog ePsfn] eflifs k|of]udf klg lzi6, k|i6 / cf}krfl/s tyf dfgs efiff k|o'Qm 5 .

zf]Wo JolQmsf k|sflzt k':tsx¿sf] ;ª\Vof zf]wsfo{ tfsf !^ j6f /x]sf / k|:t't s[lt cfpFbf;Dd $! j6f ylkPsf -k[=!@$_ elgPsf] 5 . o;df klg tYofÍ km/s b]lvPsf] 5 .

;flxTo ;fws df]xgaxfb'/ sfo:ysf ljifodf cGj]ifs s'nk|;fb k/fh'nLn] pNn]v ug{'ePsf] 5, ædf]xgaxfb'/ sfo:y cfkm" ;flxTosf/ x'g\ .====;flxTok|]dL / ;h{sx¿nfO{ k|f]T;flxt u5{g\ .===sd{dfuL{ ;fws ePs} sf/0fn] oltljlw ;flxlTos / ;flxTo]Q/ s[lt tyf /rgf ;'lDkP/ g]kfnL ;flxTosf] e08f/ l;Fufg{ ;kmn ePsf 5g\ .Æ -k|sfzu[xsf ;|i6f_

df]xgaxfb'/ sfo:yn] n]vgsf] k|f/Dedf cª\u|]hL efiffsf n]v, k|ltj]bg tyf km'6s/ ;flxTo l;h{gfsf dfWodaf6 ofqf yfNg'ePsf] xf] . jt{dfgdf pxfF ;flxTosf clwsf+z pkljwfdf ultzLn /xg'ePsf] 5 . g]kfnL

cd/ Hof]lt÷80

;flxTosf cg]s ljwfdf snd rnfpg'ePsf df]xgaxfb'/ dgdf}hL ;|i6f x'g'x'G5 . pxfFsf af/]df cWo]tf ofbj/fh 3n]n] n]Vg'ePsf] 5, æk|fljlws 1fg ePsf JolQm ;flxTodf km"na'§f eg{ hfGb}gg\, sfF65fF6 ug{ hfGb}gg\, ¿rfpFb}gg\ ====.Æ

To;}u/L, æeflifs q'l6 -k[= $#, &&_, kbof]u–ljof]u tyf j0f{ljGof;df sdL–sdhf]/L -k[=%&_, d'›0f cz'l4 / 7fpF7fpFdf efiff lau|]sf] eP klg cGo cfVofgsf/sf] eGbf 5'§} k|j[lQ kfOG5Æ -k[= *@_ elgPsf] 5 .

æk]zfn] OlGhlgo/ ePsfn] pgsf efiffut q'l6nfO{ IfDo 7fGg ;lsG5 .Æ -k[=(#_ eg]/ n]vssf] egfO cfPsf] 5 . cfnÍfl/s efiffsf] k|of]u ug{ g;Sg', Jofs/0f / j0f{ljGof;df ;r]ttf gckgfpg'nufotsf ;Ldfx¿ /x]sfaf/] cWo]tfn] w]/} 7fpFdf :k:6 wf/0ff /fVg'ePsf] 5 . oL s'/fx¿ cf}krfl/s cWoog ePs}n] k|:6;Fu cfPsf x'g\ . of] oyfy{ Pjd\ ;To Psflt/ 5 eg], æd h] n]V5', cfTdn] b]v]sf] n]V5' . ;Dkfbg u/fpg rfxGgF,Æ eGg] :jod\ >i6fsf] :jLsf/f]lQm 5 . dfgs efiffsf] k|of]u u/]/ klg hglha|f]sf] efiffnfO{ ;flxlTos sn]j/ k|bfg ug{ g;lsg] t xf]Og lg Û

xf], k|f/lDes r/0fdf x/]s >i6fdf o:t} k|j[lQn] cl3 a9\g] clenIf0f x'G5 . afd] ;g{ /dfpg] afns klg dnfO{ To;}u/L 3;|g dg k5{ eg]/ gpleO{sg /xFb}g . pm qmdzM pleg / lzi6 eP/ lxF8\g yfN5 . ;fy}, lbg–k|ltlbg kl/kSj aGb} hfG5 . To;/L g} ;h{sdf cWoog, sfnr]tgf, kl/j]z cflbåf/f kl/is[t x'g] r]i6f :jefjtM cfpF5 / cfpg'k5{ . ;do Joltt x'Fb} hfFbf r}tlgs ljsf; n]vs–>i6fdf x'G5 / l;h{gfTds k|f}9tf ljsl;t x'Fb} hfG5 . o; ljsf;jfbL l;4fGtnfO{ gsfg{ ;lsFb}g eGg] dnfO{ nfU5 .

ljB't\sdL{ ;flxlTos ;dfhsf] k|sfzg /x]sf] k|:t't s[lt >i6fsf nflu dfq geO{ ›i6fsf nflu ;d]t dfu{lgb]{zs x'g]df ljZj:t x'g ;lsG5 . ;fy}, cWoog / cg';Gwfgsf nflu pkof]uL /xg] of] k':ts k7gLo tyf ;ª\u|x0fLo /x]sf] 5 .

ìì

cd/ Hof]lt÷81

ljB't\sdL{sf] uhn d';fo/f tyf z'esfdgf sfo{qmd

g]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0f ljB't\sdL{ ;flxlTos ;dfhn] g]kfnLx¿sf] 3/–cfFugdf cfpFb} u/]sf rf8kj{x¿sf nflu z'esfdgf cfbfgk|bfg ug]{ tyf sd{rf/Lx¿sf] ;[hgzLntf ;d]t k|j4{g ug]{ x]t'n] @)&^ ;fn cflZjg !) ut] z'esfdgf cfbfgk|bfg tyf …uhn d'zfo/fÚ sfo{qmd eJotfsf ;fy ;DkGg u¥of] . jl/i7 uhnsf/ nlnhg /fjnsf] k|d'v cfltYodf k|flws/0fsf] k|wfg sfof{nosf] ;efsIfdf ;~rflnt pSt sfo{qmddf cfof]hs ;+:yf leq / aflx/sf sl/a 8]9 bh{g ;|:6fn] uhn–ufog Pjd\ jfrg u/]sf lyP .

sfo{qmdsf k|d'v cltly nlnhg /fjnn] uhnsf] k|:t'tLs/0f lzNk / o;n] ;dfhdf kfb}{ cfPsf] k|efjsf] ;dLIff ub}{ ax/a4 uhn k|fljlws ljifo ePsfn] ;a}n] o;df cEof; ug{ g;s] tfklg k|To]s z]/x¿df sDtLdf pRrfo{ cIf/x¿aLr Ps¿ktf /xg] / ufogd}qL x'g] u/L uhn /rgf x'g'kg]{ eGb} uhnsf] /rgfljwfgsf af/]df cfˆgf] wf/0ff /fv]sf lyP .

ljz]if cltlysf ¿kdf cfdlGqt slj Pjd\ uhnsf/ k|eftL ls/0fn] uhnsf] pks/0f / o;sf] k|fljlws ;+/rgfdfly ;ª\lIfKt k|sfz kfb}{ l;sf? ;|:6fx¿nfO{ uhn–n]vgsf nflu xf};nf k|bfg ug{'sf ;fy} cfˆgf] uhnjfrg u/]sf lyP . sfo{qmdsf ljz]if cltly k|flws/0fsf k|zf;g lgb]{zgfnosf k|d'v t'nf/fd lu/Ln] dfgl;s / af}l4s :km"lt{ clej[l4sf dfWodaf6 ;Ë7gsf] pTkfbsTj a9fpg ;lsg] ePsfn] Wofg, of]u / ;flxlTos sfo{qmdx¿nfO{ :yfgLo sfof{nodf sfo{/t sd{rf/Lx¿;Dd la:tf/ ug]{ nIo /x]sf] wf/0ff JoQm u/]sf lyP .

pQm sfo{qmddf :jfut dGtJo /fVb} …cd/Hof]ltÚ ;flxlTos q}dfl;ssf sfo{sf/L ;Dkfbs lji0f'k|;fb cfrfo{ …ct[KtÚn] uhn sljtf ljwfsf] efjfTds, /fufTds / k|xf/fTds ;fdYo{o'Qm e]b ePsfn] o;n] n3' ;+/rgfdfkm{t ;3g dfgjLo ;dj]bgfnfO{ phfu/ ug{ ;Sg] atfP . k|flws/0fs} Oltxf;df klxnf] k6s cfof]hgf ul/Psf] uhn d'zfo/fdf gf6ssf/, slj Pjd\ uhnsf/ k'? nD;fn, slj Pjd\ uhnsf/ gf/fo0f lg/fzL, ;flxTo ;'wf sfo{qmdsL cWoIf Pjd\ uhnsf/ sNkgf sfˆn], uhnsf/ ef]nf ltdlN;gfnufot k|flws/0f–aflx/sf ;|:6fx¿n] cfcfˆgf] /rgf jfrg u/]sf lyP .

ultljlw

cd/ Hof]lt÷82

k|flws/0f leqsf ;|:6fx¿ lzlz/ yfkf, /fd]Zj/ /fpt …dft[bf;Ú, ;fu/ 1jfnL, w|'j/fh Gof}kfg], zf/bfb]jL e§/fO{, k|sfz cfrfo{, nId0f d08n, s[i0fb]j l/dfn, ofbj/fh 3n]n] uhn jfrg u/]sf lyP eg] g]=lj=k|fsf k"j{ pksfo{sf/L lgb]{zs Pjd\ uLtsf/ jL/]G› kf7s, k"j{ lgb]{zs Pjd\ ufos h'h'sfhL /l~htn] dL7f] :j/ nx/Ldf uhn ufog u/]sf lyP .

ljB't\sdL{ ;flxlTos ;dfhsf cWoIf s[i0fb]j l/dfnsf] ;efkltTjdf ;~rflnt pQm sfo{qmdnfO{ ;dfhsL sf]iffWoIf zf/bf k/fh'nLn] ;xhLs/0f ug{'ePsf] lyof] .

ìì

;Defjgf / uGtJosldnf clg dfx'/Lsf] tfFtLnfO{ lgofn, cfw'lgs o'jfk':tfd]xgt u/L kfl/jfl/s hLjg ;kmntfdf k' ¥ofpg' 5 eg]h:tf];'s} kl/l:yltdf 5f]8\g] 5}gg\ logn], nfluk/]sf] sfd Hofg} lsg ghfj;\ t/ ljZjf; tf]8\b}g, cfkm"n] g;s] ;xf/f 5f]8\b}g . sDKo'6/, df]afOn clg lstfasf] dfq 1fgn] sxfF k'U5 / b]v]/, ;'g]/ ef]u]/ klg t kfOG5 1fg, tadfq ;fy{s hLjg cfo{3f6df uP/ x]/ ToxfF lgofn]/, s]xL cg'e"lt ul/G5 hxfF kSs} s]xL u/]/ b]vfpg' 5 eg] hLjgdf, ;Ddfg ldNg]5 ToxfF .sNkgfsf] l;F9Lx¿ hlt w]/} r9] klg uGtJodf 6f9f /x]5cfh s], ef]ln s], sNkgf ubf{ub}{ klg hLjg emg} 3l6/x]5 gu/f}F t sNkgfljgfsf] of] yf]qf] z/L/ To;} ;'s]/ uOhfnf5f]8f}F eg] sNkgf Joy{ /x]5em}F eof], cfzf nfU5 k"/f xf]nf Û x/;DefjgfnfO{ ;kmntfdf abNg] ;f]r sbflk g6'6f];\ lg/Gt/sf] k|of; ;fy{s agfO{ uGtJo klxNofpg g5'6f];\ k|To]s kfOnf lg/Gt/tfn] cufl8 a9\bf cjZo 5 ;kmntf g5f]8\g" cfˆgf] k|oTg lglZrt 5, 5}g hLjgdf ljkmntf .. ìì x]nDa" ufpFkflnsf–@, lspn, l;Gw'kfNrf]s

af]bgfy l/dfn

sljtf

cd/ Hof]lt÷83

;+:yfks sfo{;ldlt –@)%^cWoIf – s'nk|;fb k/fh'nLpkfWoIf – s]zjk|;fb ¿kfv]tL;lrj – s[i0fdf]xg hf]zL;x;lrj – k'0ok|;fb l3ld/]sf]iffWoIf – sdnf >]i7;b:ox¿ – uª\uf clwsf/L, eujtL k|;fO{+, dft[sf kf]v/]n, /d]zk|;fb ltdlN;gf, /d]zk|;fb Gof}kfg], /fd]Zj/ /fpt …dft[bf;Úk|yd sfo{;ldlt–@)^@cWoIf – s]zjk|;fb ¿kfv]tLpkfWoIf – dft[sf kf]v/]n;lrj – s[i0fdf]xg hf]zL;x;lrj – s';'d 1jfnLsf]iffWoIf – /fh' zdf{;b:ox¿ – s[i0fb]j l/dfn, rl08sf /fodfemL, b08kfl0f a:ofn, d~h'nfn >]i7, df]xgs[i0f pk|]tL, ;l/tf zdf{bf];|f] sfo{;ldlt @)^$cWoIf – lji0f'axfb'/ l;+xpkfWoIf – /fd]Zj/ /fpt …dft[bf;Ú;lrj – k'0ok|;fb l3ld/];x;lrj – d~h'nfn >]i7sf]iffWoIf – /fh' zdf{;b:ox¿ – s[i0fb]j l/dfn, s';'d 1jfnL, eujtL k|;fO{+, dft[sf kf]v/]n, ljGb' zdf{, ofbj/fh 3n]t];|f] sfo{;ldlt @)^&cWoIf – jL/]Gb|s'df/ kf7spkfWoIf – uf];fO{ s]=;L=;lrj – k'0ok|;fb l3ld/];x;lrj – s[i0fb]j l/dfnsf]iffWoIf – /fh' zdf{;b:ox¿ – dft[sf kf]v/]n, eujtL k|;fO{+, ljGb' zdf{, d~h'nfn >]i7, bLks bxfn, sf}zn e§/fO{, cf]dk|sfz l3ld/]

rf}yf] sfo{;ldlt @)&) cWoIf – k'0ok|;fb l3ld/]pkfWoIf – /fd]Zj/ /fpt …dft[bf;Ú;lrj – s[i0fb]j l/dfn;x;lrj – d~h'nfn >]i7sf]iffWoIf – /fh' zdf{;b:ox¿ – dft[sf kf]v/]n, ljGb' zdf{, sf}zn e§/fO{, ofbj/fh 3n], rl08sf /fodfemL, lzlz/ yfkf, sf]dngfy cfq]o, zf/bf k/fh'nL

kf“rf}F lgjf{lrt sfo{;ldlt @)&#cWoIf – /fd]Zj/ /fpt dft[bf;pkfWoIf – s[i0fb]j l/dfn;lrj – d~h'nfn >]i7;x;lrj – k|sfz cfrfo{sf]iffWoIf – /fh' zdf{;b:ox¿ – lzlz/ yfkf, sf]dn sf}lzs, d's'Gbk|;fb e§/fO{, ;ª\uLtf clwsf/L, zf/bfb]jL e§/fO{, dfwj clwsf/L k|;"g, zf/bf k/fh'nL, bLkf vs'/]n

5}6f}F Pjd\ jt{dfg sfo{;ldlt @)&^cWoIf – s[i0fb]j l/dfn (*$!!(^***pkfWoIf – /fh' zdf{ (*$!$@^$^@;lrj – k|sfz cfrfo{ (*$!#%$(&@;x;lrj – ofbj/fh 3n] (*$!#^!^(^sf]iffWoIf – zf/bf k/fh'nL (*$!#^##@%;b:ox¿M ;ª\uLtf clwsf/L (*$!*@&*#^lji0f'k|;fb cfrfo{ (*$!%$*$@%cfljisf/ snf (*%&)#&%*#an/fd k'8f;}gL (*$!$)%))&/Ltf vgfn (*$!^)@!&@zf/bfb]jL e§/fO{ (*$$&**#@

ljB't\sdL{ ;flxlTos ;dfh

cd/ Hof]lt÷84

ljB'tsdL{ ;flxlTos ;dfhcfhLjg ;b:ox¿sf] gfdfjnL

cfhLjg ;b:ox¿!= lji0f'k|;fb pkfWofo–@= /df kf]v/]n–#= /Def zdf{ clwsf/L– (*$!^*!$&%$= zfGtf ;'j]bL– )@!–$^)^**%= s'df/k|;fb cf]emf– (*%!)(%#^%^= rqmjtL{ u8\tf}nf– (*%!(^*&^!&= lr/Gtgljqmd /f0ff– (*%!)!**$$*= b]j/fh k|;fO{+– (*%!)*%^%!(= df]xgs[i0f pk|]tL– (*%!)))&@@!)= pQds'df/ l3ld/]– (*$!@*^@^&!!= e'jgrGb 7s'/L– (*)!))@))@!@= /fdk|;fb clwsf/L–!#= cRo't g]kfn– (*$!#$$#@)!$= ch'{gs'df/ rf}xfg– (*%!!)^!)&!%= sf}zn e§/fO{– (*$!$$&!()!^= b08kfl0f a:ofn– (*%!)!*@$#!&= l8NnL/d0f bfxfn– (*$!#$(*%$!*= uf}/Ldfg s8l/of–!(= ab|Lgfy /f]Ssf–@)= a]nk|;fb zdf{– (*$!$!!^$$@!= dft[sf alhdo– (*$#^^()%!@@= ;l/tf zdf{–@#= sflz/fd zdf{– (*%!)^!#@&@$= gu]Gb|dl0f 9sfn–@%= lji0f'k|;fb cfrfo{– (*$!%$*$@%@^= s';'d 1jfnL–@&= s]zj/fh kGt–@*= lr/~hLjL zdf{–@(= 6ª\s >]i7– (*%!!@##(##)= w|'j/fh e§/fO{–#!= /dfklt k/fh'nL– (*$@)@&&%^

;+/IfsMs'ndfg l3l;ª-sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs, g]ljk|f_

;x;+/IfsM

df]xgaxfb'/ sfo:y (*%!)!%)#%lji0f'axfb'/ l;+x (*%!)@!*)(8Da/axfb'/ g]kfnL (*%!)#%)($uf]ljGbs'df/ s]=;L=ab|Lljgf]b 9'ª\ufgf/TgsfhL t'nfw/8f= nIdLeQm lzNksf/nf]sdfg df:s]zDe'k|;fb pkfWofo/fdrGb| kf08]o (*%!)&@)$*xl/axfb'/ uM;L (*$!%(@#!*z]/l;+x ef6 (*%!)#*%$)

;+:yfks cfhLjg ;b:ox¿M

s'nk|;fb k/fh'nL (*$!^(%)!*s]zjk|;fb ¿kfv]tL (*$!%)#$(&s[i0fdf]xg hf]zL (*$!&!(!$(k'0o l3ld/] (*$!#()###sdnf >]i7 (*$!@*(((*uª\uf clwsf/L (*$^!(()&eujtL k|:ffO{+ (*^%@@^(dft[sf kf]v/]n (*$!@*!&)%/d]zk|;fb ltldlN;gf (*$!#(^^^!/d]zk|;fb Gof}kfg] (*%!)&@)$*/fd]Zj/ /fpt …dft[bf;Ú (*$!%#*)*)

cd/ Hof]lt÷85

#@= ljGb' zdf{– (*$!**)@@###= zflGtnIdL zfSo– (*%!)%$#^)#$= xl/x/dfg kflnv]–#%= k|sfzhª\u /f0ff–#^= /fi6«e"if0f k|wfg– (*%!)*%!^$#&= s[i0fb]j l/dfn– (*$!!(^***#*= sf}lznf b]jfg– (*$!&(!)&(#(= jL/]Gb| kf7s– (*$!@&*^%*$)= ;/f]h cof{n– (*$^)**@#!$!= ofbj/fh 3n]– (*$!#^!^(^$@= piff l;+x– (*$!#$@&&&$#= d~h'nfn >]i7– (*)#)#)#*^$$= b]j]Gb|s'df/ clwsf/L– (*$^!!(!&$$%= s[i0fk|;fb kf}8]n– (*$!*#%^*%$^= /fh' zdf{– (*$!$@^$^@$&= /Ltf vgfn– (*$!^)@!&@$*= efg'eQm e§/fO{– (*$(#^%((&$(= ;'efif bfxfn– (&%!))*@@^%)= l;Gw' ofbj–%!= gj/fh e§–%@= /ª\u/fh l;+v8f–%#= ef]h/fh kf}8]n–%$= clg?bk|;fb ofbj– (*$!%)@#%*%%= xl/s[i0f zfx– (*$!#)#$@@%^= sf]dngfy cfq]o– (*$!#()!(#%&= bLks bfxfn– (*$(!&$&((%*= cf/=cf/= rf}nfufO{– (*$%#%!)))%(= s[i0fxl/ bfxfn– (*%!!(())@^)= uf];fO{+ s]=;L=– (*%!)!@@%#^!= dw's/ yfkf–^@= cf]dk|sfz l3ld/]– (*$!^#%(!(^#= ;'hftf yfkf– (*$!#*($#!^$= bLks/fh cfrfo{–^%= uª\ufnfn >]i7–^^= /fhs'df/ /d0f– (*$!@#$#%#^&= pdf l3ld/]– (*$!(#@%$@^*= /Ltf vgfn– (*$!^)@!&@

^(= ;dL/f g]kfn–&)= bLks 9sfn– (*$#*$**(%&!= zª\s/ v8\sf– (*$!$$(*%#&@= sflnsfk|;fb kg] ?– (*$!*!*@%&&#= Kof? /f0ff– (*$!@!^%$(&$= ab|L k|= Gof}kfg] (*$@)##%*^&%= j;Gtk|;fb kGyL (*$(!)%###&^= j;Gts'df/ låj]bL– (*$!#!%$%#&&= dl~hndfg >]i7– (*)*#$($^$&*= uf]ljGbk|;fb kf}8]n– (*%!!()^&%&(= sf]dn sf}lzs– (*$!$*()%%*)= OGb|k|;fb Gof}kfg]– (&%!))@$!^*!= ljZjDe/ e08f/L– (*$!%#%%!@*@= b'uf{ k|;fb kf]v/]n– (*$!$)^$^&*#= h'h'sfhL /l~ht– (*%!!)$%^&*$= s]zj/fh jfUn]–*%= /fh' s]=;L=– (*$!$)@&#%*^= rl08sf /fodfemL– (&$!)!**#$*&= dgf]/~hg dNn7s'/L– (*$!$)@*#^**= tf/fbQ e§– (*%!!#%#(@*(= zf/bf k/fh'nL– (*$!#^##@%()= cf]dk|sfz e§– (*$*)@$(^%(!= slknb]j dxtf]– (*$!@&@&^^(@= ys{axfb'/ yfkf– (*$!@@$(#((#= OlGb/f kf}8]n–($= zf/bfb]jL e§/fO{– (*$$$&**#@(%= t'n;Ld]x/ >]i7– (*!)#^#(#)(^= 6Lsf/fh sfsL{– (*%!)^(%^*(&= k|sfz cfrfo{– (*$!#%$(&@(*= k"0f{ s'df/ rf}xfg– (*$!&#&))$((= k'ik 9'ª\ufgf– (*$!$@$#&)!))= pQdk|;fb l/dfn– (*$!%$*#(#!)!= lzj /fO{– (*%!@#!#*!!)@= ;ª\uLtf clwsf/L– (*$!*@&*#^!)#= ;'bz{g e§/fO{– (*$!@@*$%(!)$= ;'zLnf nfdf– (*$!$@%&#$!)%= /Ltf >]i7– (*!*@%^*$^

cd/ Hof]lt÷86

!)^= w|'js'df/ pk|]tL– (*%!)#^&&^!)&= r"8fdl0f cfrfo{– (*$!^)@$(^!)*= rt'e'{h uf}td– (*%*$@^**!)(= OlGb/fb]jL bfxfn– (*$!$)$&$&!!)= cª\u v8\sf …cg'kÚ– (*$($$&$*(!!!= an/fd k'8f;}gL– (*$!$)%))&!!@= s]bf//fh l;njfn– (*%!)($$%(!!#= e/ts'df/ v8\sf– (*%!)#$^&%!!$= ef]nf zdf{– (*$!##&&&@!!%= pld{nf zdf{– (*$!)%%(%*!!^= r]jg sfˆn]–!!&= d's'Gbk|;fb k|;fO{+– (*$#)%!$%)!!*= an/fd rf}nfufO{– (*$(@#%$(^!!(= dgf]h l;+x– (*)#&^&)!#!@)= ;Dk"0ff{ vgfn– (*$((@*$!&!@!= s}nfzdfg >]i7–!@@= s[i0fsfGt kl08t– (*$!&^@($)!@#= b]jLdfof bfxfn– (*$!###&($!@$= lgd{nf ;'j]bL– (*$!%*@*%*!@%= w|'j/fh Gof}kfg]– (*$^)^%@)^!@^= nId0f /]UdL– (*%!!**@%$!@&= b]j/fh l3ld/]–!@*= af]wgfy l/dfn– (&$!))@%%&!@(= uf]ljGbk|;fb cof{n– (*$!%$*#&*!#)= sNkgf sf]O/fnf– (*$!*)#@))!#!= yL/s'df/ vqL– (*$!%&)(@@!#@= ;f]d/fh zfx– (*$!)@&(@&!##= ;ª\uLtf sfsL{– (*$!&$(#$(!#$= zf]ef yfkf– (*$!*^%()$!#%= /fdz/0f pk|]tL– (*$!#)^^&*!#^= k|bLks'df/ s6'jfn– (*$!@((%&!!#&= pd]zs'df/ k'8f;}gL– (*%!!#)$@!!#*= b'uf{ sfˆn]– (*$!%!)%$&!#(= k|z"g clwsf/L– (*%!!^^*!)!$)= /fdxl/ uf}td– (*%!!)(^^#!$!= e"ldgGb cof{n– (*$%$^)%@!$@= dbg ltlD;gf– (*%!!(*#$%

!$#= x//fh Gof}kfg]– (*$!@(@@%)!$$= /fh]Gb| ld>– (*$#)%@($%!$%= tf]dnfn ;'j]bL– (*$!$&%@*&!$^= dgf]h l;njfn– (*^*$!@#**!$&= s[i0fs'df/L a:ofn– (*$!&#@@&!!$*= /d]z kf}8]n– (*$!@%#!*^!$(= ho/fh e08f/L– (*$!@$@^%%!%)= zDe' a:g]t– (*%!)&$))$!%!= xl/x/ a/fn– (*$!#)%@$@!%@= s]bf/ k|= lwtfn– (*%!!%^)^@!%#= lzj clwsf/L– (*%!)$%*#^!%$= /fh]Gb| dfgGw/– (*$!@%((%&!%%= cho bfxfn– (*%!!&*@#@!%^= ;'/]Gb| l;+v8f– (*$!#!(%@^!%&= /3'gfy clwsf/L– (*$!)^%@$#!%*= jL/]Gb| sF8]n– (*%!!*^)$&!%(= od'gfk|;fb e§/fO{– (*$!&#$!$#!^)= g/]Gb|k|sfz >]i7– (*%%)&@!))!^!= /ljk|;fb u'/fufO{– (*$!#@)#!)!^@= dl0f/fh g]kfn– (*%!)$))%^!^#= bLkf vs'/]n– (*$!$$*%#)!^$= d}of yfkf– (*$!!*$$)#!^%= ;fu/ 1jfnL– (*%!!$)@#)!^^= zDe' a:g]t– (*%!)&$))$!^&= /fh]zs'df/ /fhynf– (*%!!%(^%(!^*= b]j]Gb| clwsf/L– (*$^!!(!&$!^(= ddtf jnL v/]n– (*$!#$$&@&!&)= b]jsL pk|]tL lqkf7L– (*$!*&*&(*!&!= 6]sgfy ltjf/L– (*%!!&@@@@!&@= /fh]Gb|s'df/ cfrfo{– (*$!$!*$&^!&#= ;'gLns'df/ dxtf]– (*%$)#)&##!&$= xl/jL/ l;njfn– (*%!)&!^&&!&%= ;'/]Gb|axfb'/ kf08]– (*%!)(*%^#!&^= k|]d/fh sf]O/fnf– (&$%))&^^^!&&= g/]z d}gfnL– (*$!$$()!%!&*= ljsf; lrqsf/– (*$!#^!!*(!&(= ;[hgf Vofh'– (*$!(@#%##

cd/ Hof]lt÷87

!*)= ljhok|;fb bf;– (*^)*)&#*!!*!= slkn ld>– (*$!!@*)(#!*@= glngL 1jfnL– (*$!^*%(*@!*#= /Ltf a:g]t– (*^))!#%^!!*$= ;/:jtL cof{n– (*$!)))%#!!*%= b08kfl0f uf}8]n– (*$!@^!^^^!*^= bLks e08f/L– (*%!!@$$*^!*&= k|ldnf rf}w/L– (*$!!($&)&!**= j;Gt/fh g]kfn– (*%!!%)&@@!*(= lji0f'k|;fb cfrfo{– (*^)!!(&!!!()= rGb|snf lg/f}nf– (*$!(@^)*!!(!= cfgGb ;'j]bL– (*$!(&$$%%!(@= hubLz zdf{ nfld5fg]– (*$!%)!^)(!(#= clDasf vqL– (*$!%^@^(&!($= k|sfz k/fh'nL– (*$#&@@)(%!(%= ;'efif kf08]– (*$()##&^@!(^= ljsf; k'8f;}gL– (*%!)#!)(^!(&= dft[sfk|;fb ;Fu|f}nf– (*$@^##$^^!(*= ;/f]h >]i7– (*%!@)@%@%!((= ofbjk|;fb Gof}kfg]– (*%!!@#@$%@))= clDasf l3ld/]– (*$!%!^)&!@)!= hd'gfs'df/L v8\sf– (*$!^^$(!*@)@= Ct' >]i7– (*%!!&$)^*@)#= nIdLk|;fb ld>– (*%!!$&$!&@)$= k|f]ldzf ld>– (*$(*@(^((@)%= hgs dxt–(*$!$^#*!#÷%%&$$$#@)^= /d]z v8\sf– (*%!)&@@@@@)&= nId0f l3ld/]– (*%!!*^(&#@)*= s]bf/k|;fb kf08]– (*$!#^%$()@)(= cfljisf/ snf– (*%&)#&%*#@!)= ;'eb|f sf]O/fnf– (*$(&%#@#@@!!= ljdnf v8\sf– (*$^)(^&%&@!@= kª\sh /fgf– (*$&!($^)@!#= hd'gf kf]v/]n– (*$!*$&@!#@!$= /Ltf vqL– (*$(!)#(($@!%= nf]sxl/ n'OF6]n– (*(!!)%$^^@!^= uª\uf ;fksf]6f– (*$&%%$!)*@!&= k|sfz s'Fj/– (*$!@^!*@$

@!*= /fdk|;fb kf]v/]n– (*$!(%$*^^@!(= tLy{/fh Gof}kfg]– (*$#!%)$()@@)= ;dL/k|;fb kf]v/]n– (*%!!^*@!$@@!= nf]s]Gb| axfb'/ ;fpb– (*%!)((!##@@@= cGh' s6'jfn– (*$!@%)&^^@@#= ;l/tf 8ª\uf]n– (*$!%)@(!@@@$= v]d/fh e08f/L– (*%!@$))&&@@%= ;/f]h l3ld/]– (*$!%$*)&@@@^= xl/ l3ld/]–@@&= xl/k|;fb clwsf/L– (*%@)@*$%@@@*= jL/]]Gb| s'df/ emf– (*%@)@$($)@@(= ;/f]h s'df/ >]i7– (*$@)(*^(@@#)= cfgGb g]kfn– (*%@)@$^$%@#!= pHHjn/fh g]kfn– (*%@)#@^!*@#@= ljgf]b ;'j]bL– (*$!#)*#(^@##= /d]zk|;fb l3ld/]– (*%@)#!)&(@#$= lgd{nf zdf{– (*$!%$*&@%@#%= xl/k|;fb l3ld/]– (*$!*@!$(@@#^= /fh]Gb| sf]O/fnf– (*$!@(@)^)@#&= z]/hª\u sfsL{– (*%!!***%*@#*= ;'/]Gb|hª\u yfkf– (*%!)$!!**@#(= /fhgk|;fb Kofs'/]n– (*$!&))&&)@$)= t'nf/fd lu/L– (*%!!^*@!(@$!= /fhgClif sF8]n– (*$!#$%$@#@$@= dx]Zj/ ;Tofn– (*%!)(#!&)@$#= clgtf ahufO{+– (*$!^*^#$*@$$= gfu]Gb|s'df/ ofbj– (*%@)#(&)!@$%= xl/af]n x'dfufO{+– (*$!!&$*&!@$^= rfFbgL la=s= – (*$&!)&@!$@$&= /fhg kfn'ª\uf – (*$!#&#&&^@$*= lbg]z lzjfsf]6L – (*$%)!@$^&@$(= gf/fo0f /]UdL – (*%!!$&$%$@%)= ;fu/ lzjfsf]6L – (*$!&*!@^$@%!= pdf Gof}kfg] – (*!#^#^&()@%@= dg's'df/L k'nfdL du/ – (*$$%($@#^@%#= /fhg km'ofFn –@%$= zDz]/axfb'/ Gx'R5] k|wfg –

cd/ Hof]lt÷88

ljdf]lrt Pjd\ k|sflzt s[ltx¿

!= a"9f] ;fpg / v8]/L @)^& s]zj ¿kfv]tL ljdf]rg÷k|sfzg@= ue]{ ;'j]bf/ @)^* k'ikgfy zdf{ ljdf]rg÷k|sfzg#= b[li6ljxLg ;Qf @)^( k'0o l3ld/] ljdf]rg÷k|sfzg$= oyfy{ k|ltlaDj @)&) d~h'nfn >]i7 k|sfzg%= x:tfIf/ ljZn]if0f @)&! df]xgs[i0f pk|]tL ljdf]rg^= k/b]zlt/ @)&@ df]xgs[i0f pk|]tL ljdf]rg÷k|sfzg&= ctLtsf] kf]sf] @)&@ e'jgrGb 7s'/L k|sfzg*= ;Demgfsf lemNsfx¿ @)&# lji0f'axfb'/ l;+x ljdf]rg÷k|sfzg(= cfv/sf] cf/g @)&# s[i0fb]j l/dfn ljdf]rg÷k|sfzg!)= a]lylt la:s'g @)&$ d~h'nfn >]i7 ljdf]rg÷k|sfzg!!= pmld{nfsf] Joyf @)&$ xl/k|;fb clwsf/L ljdf]rg÷k|sfzg!@= gful/stf @)&$ /fh' zdf{ ljdf]rg÷k|sfzg!#= k|sfzu[xsf ;|i6f @)&$ s'nk|;fb k/fh'nL ljdf]rg÷k|sfzg!$= cg'u|x @)&$ jL/]Gb| kf7s ljdf]rg!%= cg'sDkf @)&$ jL/]Gb| kf7s ljdf]rg!^= cys ;flxTo;fws df]xgaxfb'/ sfo:y @)&^ jfO{=cf/=3n] ljdf]rg÷k|sfzg

…cd/Hof]lt ;DdfgÚaf6 ;Ddflgt JolQmTjx¿

!= s'nk|;fb k/fh'nL @)^&@= df]xgaxfb'/ sfo:y @)^*#= k'ikgfy zdf{ @)^($= lji0f'axfb'/ l;+x @)&)%= s[i0fdf]xg hf]zL @)&!^= s]zj ¿kfv]tL @)&@&= jL/]Gb| kf7s @)&#*= k'0o l3ld/] @)&$(= df]xgs[i0f pk|]tL @)&%!)= e'jgrGb 7s'/L @)&%!!= dft[sfk|;fb ;ª\u|f}nf @)&%!@= k'is/ k'/L @)&%!#= h'h'sfhL /~hLt @)&^!$= b]j]Gb| clwsf/L -b'MvL dfOnf_ @)&^

cd/ Hof]lt÷89