04/19/23

American IndiansUSI.3

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Lesson 1

Archaeologists

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SOL

USI.3a: Describing how archaeologists have recovered material evidence of ancient settlements including Cactus Hill

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Essential Question

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What do I Need to Know?

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Archaeologists study human behavior and culture through the recovery and analysis of artifacts.

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Scientists are not in agreement as to when and how people entered the Western Hemisphere.

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Cactus Hill is located on the Nottoway River in southeastern Virginia.

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Evidence that humans lived at Cactus Hill as early as 15,000 years ago makes it one of the oldest sites in North America.

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Location of Cactus Hill, 70 km (45 miles) south of Richmond, Virginia

 

 

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 Archaeologist Joseph McAvoy (right) and Lynn McAvoy work at Cactus Hill.

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The Cactus Hill site

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The Cactus Hill stratigraphy

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Samples of pre-Clovis stone tools from the lowest (oldest) level of the Cactus Hill Site.

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Lesson 2

Location of American Indians

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SOL

USI.3a: locate where the American Indians lived.

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Essential Question

How do people use the physical environment to meet their basic needs?

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Geographic Features

Geographic features like the land, rivers, and climate influence where humans settled.

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What Do I Need To Know?

The physical features of a region such as climate and natural resources affect how humans meet their basic needs.

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Anticipation Guide (HOOK) 1. How did people get to North America

from Asia and why did they come? Where did they settle? How did they determine what they

would use for shelter and clothing? What types of homes did they live in? What did they wear? How did they adapt (adjust) to their

surroundings?

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Early Migration

How did the First Americans get here?Ice AgeBering StraitLand Bridge

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Beringia land bridge: possible migration route

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Bering Strait

Bering evolution

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American Indians

Prior to the arrival of Europeans, American Indians were dispersed across different environments in North America.

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USI.3A – GROUPS & LOCATION OF EACH

KWAKIUTL

“Indian” (1)

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Inuit Inhabited present-

day Alaska and northern Canada

Lived in Arctic areas (below freezing much of the year)

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Inuit Dress warm The walrus, seal, and

other fur-bearing sea mammals supply food and clothing. Caribou was hunted in the summer. Lived in igloos.

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THE INUIT(Eskimo – “eaters of raw meat”)

Homes were Igloos, made of ice blocks

Lived in Alaska & Northern Canada

Ate reindeer & sea animals

Wore furs and feathers

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Eskimo (Inuit) Igloo

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Kwakiutl

Pacific Northwest coast

Rainy mild climate Fishing and hunting

(could catch enough fish during the summer for the whole winter).

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Kwakiutl Plank Houses with

totem poles

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THE KWAKIUTLLived in WA, OR, & Northern CA

Lived in plank houses

Ate fish and water fowl

Wore plants, animal skin, natural fibers, etc.

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Sioux/Lakota

Interior of the United States (Great Plains)

Dry grasslands Lived in tepees

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The plains area was hotter than 100° in the summer and could get to 40° below zero in the winter.

Horses Hunted buffalo

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THE SIOUX/LAKOTA

Lived on the Great Plains

Wore hides, etc.

Lived in tepees

Ate buffalo meat

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Pueblo

The Pueblo were in the Southwest

Present-day New Mexico and Arizona.

Desert areas and areas bordering cliffs and mountains.

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Pueblo Homes made out of sand and

adobe. They were farmers.

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THE PUEBLO

Ate “3 sisters”: corn, beans, & squash

Lived in adobe houses or cliff dwellings

Also ate rabbits & deer

4 Corners Region of US

Anasazi?

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Pueblo Bonito in New Mexico

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Pueblo Indians

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Anasazi cliff dwellers

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Cliff dwellers

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Iroquois Northeast North

America Eastern

Woodland Heavily

forested Farmers who

lived in longhouses or wigwams.

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THE IROQUOIS

Ate beans, corn, & squash

Lived in “Longhouses”

Eastern Woodlands Indians

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Iroquoislonghouse

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Iroquois people

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Location! Location! Location!

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ConclusionMembers of these tribes live in their homelands and in many areas of North America today.

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Write to Learn

Describe one of the tribes of American Indians. Include type of home, food source, clothing, etc.

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Lesson 3

How American Indians Used Their

Environment

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SOL

Describe how the American Indians used the resources in their environment.

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Essential Question

How do people use the physical environment to meet their basic needs?

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What Do I Need to Know?

The physical features of a region such as climate and natural resources affect how humans meet their basic needs.

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In the past, American Indians fished, hunted, and harvested crops for food. Clothing was made from animal skins and plants. Their shelter was made of resources found in their environment (e.g. sod, stones, animal skins, wood)

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Types of ResourcesNatural Resources: come directly from nature

American Indians fished in rivers, hunted animals, and grew crops

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Types of ResourcesHuman Resources: People working

to produce goods and services

American Indians who fished, made clothing, and hunted animals were examples of human resources

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Types of Resources

Capital Resources: goods produced and used to make other goods and services

The canoes, bows, and spears were examples of capital resources

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USI.3B

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Write to Learn

What did the American Indians use to get their food, clothing, and shelter.

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Quick QuizUSI.3

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1. How did the American Indians get to North America from Asia?

Land Bridge over the Bering Strait

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2.Who lives in the Artic areas of Alaska?

Inuit

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3.Where did the Inuits get their food and clothing?

fur-bearing sea mammals

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4. What type of climate is on the Northwest coast?

Rainy, mild

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5.Who lives on the Pacific Northwest coast?

Kwakiutl

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6.What jobs did the Kwakiutl do?

hunting and fishing

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7.What types of houses did the Kwakiutl live in?

plank houses

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8.Who lives in the Great Plains?

Sioux

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9.What type of climate is in the Great Plains?

dry grasslands

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10.What animal was very important to the survival of the Sioux?

buffalo

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11.What type of homes did the Sioux live in?

tepees

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12.Who lived in the desert areas of New Mexico?

Pueblo

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13.What were the homes of the pueblo made of?

adobe clay

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14.How did the Pueblo meet their basic needs with food?

farming, hunting

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15.Who lived in the heavily forested areas of Northeast North America?

Iroquois (Eastern Woodland)

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16.What type of homes did the Iroquois live in?

longhouses

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17.The Iroquois meet their basic needs by

hunting, fishing, farming

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18.What kind of resource comes from nature?

Natural Resource

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19. People who fished or made clothing is an example of what type of resource?

Human Resource

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20.Canoes, bows, and spears are example of what resource?

Capital Resource