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Infectious Diseases8th grade scienceSept. 19, 2013

What are Infectious Diseases?

Infectious diseases are diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, parasites or fungi; the diseases can be spread, directly or indirectly, from one person to another.

Infectious Disease TransmissionPhysical contactContaminated foodBody fluidsObjectsAirborne inhalationVector organisms

Routes of transmissionDirect Skin-skin

Herpes type 1 Mucous-mucous

STI Across placenta

toxoplasmosis Through breast milk

HIV Sneeze-cough

Influenza

Indirect Food-borne

Salmonella Water-borne

Hepatitis A Vector-borne

Malaria Air-borne

Chickenpox

Infection in one person can be transmitted to others

Think about the simulation from a few weeks ago!!

Factors influencing disease transmission:

Epidemic vs. Pandemic Epidemic is where an infectious

disease spreads over a wide geographical area.

Pandemic is where an infectious disease spreads across multiple continents, or even worldwide.

Here are a few…Caused by Bacteria

Caused by Viruses Caused by Protozoa

Anthrax AIDS/HIV Dysentery

Lyme Disease * Chicken Pox Malaria *

Leprosy Small Pox

Bacterial Meningitis Yellow Fever *

Strep Throat Ebola

Tuberculosis SARS

Rabies*

Influenza

West Nile Virus *

Viral Meningitis

Polio

Common Cold* Denotes diseases that are vector based.

AIDS

AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome)

Caused by HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) progressively reduces the effectiveness of the

immune system and leaves individuals susceptible to opportunistic infections and tumors.

transmitted through direct contact of a mucous membrane or the bloodstream with a bodily fluid containing HIV, such as blood, semen, vaginal fluid, preseminal fluid, and breast milk.

has not been found to be transmitted through saliva unless there is a cut in your mouth.

Malaria

Malaria a mosquito-borne infectious disease of

humans caused by eukaryotic protists It is widespread in tropical and

subtropical regions, including much of Subsaharan Africa, Asia and the Americas.

results from the multiplication of malaria parasites within red blood cells, causing symptoms that typically include fever and headache, in severe cases progressing to coma, and death.

Tuberculosis (TB)

Tuberculosis caused by various strains of mycobacteria usually attacks the lungs but can also

affect other parts of the body. spread through the air when people who

have active MTB infection cough, sneeze, or spit

classic symptoms are a chronic cough with blood-tinged sputum, fever, night sweats, and weight loss