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9.4 Radius of convergence comp.notebook 1 February 25, 2020 Feb 127:37 PM 94 Radius of Convergence In this section we will investigate convergence using several tests. This is important because there are different constraints that govern convergence depending on the type of power series that is under investigation. Ex. 1 Illustrating the importance of convergence Consider the mathematical sentence: For what values of x is this an identity? Support your answer graphically. Graphing helps support the idea of convergence, but it does NOT PROVE convergence or divergence.
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Page 1: 9.4 Radius of convergence comp.notebook...Ex. 7 Radius of Convergence 0 Find the radius of convergence of the series TRY Find the radius of convergence of the series. 9.4 Radius of

9.4 Radius of convergence comp.notebook

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9­4 Radius of Convergence

In this section we will investigate convergence using several tests. This is important because there are different constraints that govern convergence depending on the type of power series that is under investigation.

Ex. 1 Illustrating the importance of convergence

Consider the mathematical sentence: 

For what values of x is this an identity? Support your answer graphically.

Graphing helps support the idea of convergence, but it does NOT PROVE convergence or divergence.

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1. The convergence Theorem for Power Series

There are three possibilities for   with respect to convergence:

1) There is a positive number R such that the series 

diverges for   but converges for

The series may or may not converge at either of the endpoints.

2) The series 

3) The series 

The number R              

and the set of all values x for which the series converges is called the 

The radius of convergence completely determines the interval of convergence if R is either zero or infinite. 

For  we still need to look at the 

endpoints of the interval.

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Ex. 2 

Find the radius of convergence and the interval of 

convergence for 

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2. nth Term Test (For Divergence)

This is the most obvious test for convergence. We look for the nth term to approach zero.

Ex.3 Determine if the series      converges or diverges.

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COMPARING NONNEGATIVE SERIES

Sometimes if we do not know if a series converges or diverges, we can look at a similar, known convergent series. This is used with a series that has nonnegative numbers.

3. Direct Comparison Test

Let  Ʃan be a series with NO negative terms.

(a) Ʃan converges if 

(b)  Ʃan diverges

Ex.4 Prove that converges for all real x.

TRY Prove that converges.

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4. ABSOLUTE CONVERGENCE

If the series Ʃ|an| of absolute values converges, then Ʃan Absolute convergence implies convergence ­ but the reverse is not necessarily true.

Ex. 5 Using Absolute Convergence

Show that    converges for all x.

TRY Show that     converges for all x.

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5. RATIO TEST

Let Ʃan be a series with positive terms, and with 

Then, 

(i) The series converges if

(ii) The series diverges if 

(iii)The test is inconclusive 

Complete exploration 1 on page 508.

Ex. 6 Finding the Radius of Convergence

Find the radius and the interval of convergence for 

TRY Find the radius and the interval of convergence for 

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Ex. 7 Radius of Convergence 0

Find the radius of convergence of the series

TRY

Find the radius of convergence of the series

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Ex. 8 Determining convergence of a series

Determine the convergence or divergence of the 

series

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6. Telescoping Series

A telescoping series is so called because the partial sums all cancel out (collapse) and we are left with the initial and the final terms ­ the two ends of a hand held telescope.

Ex.9 

Find the sum of 

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ENDPOINT CONVERGENCE

We need to take into consideration endpoints when investigating convergence.

Complete Exploration 2 on page 509


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