What are linear statistical models?

A-801 Wednesday Section1Wednesday, 17th October, 201211 12.30 p.m.Unit 0: Shopping Class Slide #1Roadmap for todayHouse keeping Paper II Lit ReviewProblem Tree AnalysisHow do we apply this stuff?Questions/AOB?Feedback sticky notes

22Housekeeping3Next section Nell will take overPaper 2 please begin early No office hrs. next week may do some via. Skype (internet permitting)34

4Creating social value who defines social good? How do we judge impact then? Where are we-5

Problem Tree Analysis 6Your problem definition should not include an implicit solution introduced by semantic carelessness. Projected solutions must be evaluated empirically and not legitimated merely by definition. Therefore, keep the problem definition stripped down to a mere description, and leave open where you will look for solutions. (Bardach, 2009, pg. 7)

6New schools are being built too slowly.

vs.

There are too many schoolchildren relative to the currently available classroom space.ExampleList all the problemsthat come to mind. Problems need to be carefully identified: they should be existing problems, not possible, imagined or future ones. The problem is an existing negative situation, it is not the absence of a solution.Identify acore problem(this may involve considerable trial and error before settling on one).Determine which problems are Causes and which are Effects.Arrange inhierarchyboth Causes and Effects, i.e., how do the causes relate to each other - which leads to the other, etc.LogFrame Problem Analysis Tree9

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10According to Richard ElmoreA Lit Review is an assessment of a body of research that bears on a question

Literature reviews work best when they are framed clearly around a question or a series of questionsthat is, where the writer interrogates the literature on the readers behalf

What is a Literature Review?Start by researching your question using online tools: ERIC and HOLLISHone your question based on initial researchMake an appointment with a HGSE Research Librarian Find 1-2 key pieces of literature that addresses your question, use their citations list to find more sourcesRead lit reviews of articles on related subjects

Investigative StrategiesStart broadly and then begin eliminating studies that do not specifically answer your questionLook for patterns in the literatureLook for disagreements in the literatureBased on what the literature says, start developing your argument (your answer to your RQ)Look for evidence that both confirms and disconfirms your argument Gathering DataLead the reader through selected patterns that emerge from the literatureOrganization is key!The literature review should provide you with a clearly drawn set of conclusions about what the research does and does not sayOne strategy: Begin with the obvious answer to your research questionThen unpack the assumptions behind it and provide evidence that confirms or contradicts it from the literatureDrawing Conclusions from DataAnalyze each work criticallyDescribe itsAssumptionsStrengthsLimitationsRemember to also include what the literature does NOT say and whyConvey importance of subject (the so what)Translate theory into actionKey PointsDo:Stay within the page limit Use headings to organize your paperProvide a road map in the introduction

Dont:Summarize large pieces of factual information (be analytical, not descriptive)Use jargonForget to edit! Avoid spelling errors and grammatical problems by having a friend proofreadDos and Donts17Research & Policyhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PBQ2xm5ePCw

Google It takes a village to raise a school Dana Burde click on the 1st link

17Afghan WomenOverview of ContextFollowing on cold war:

Attacks on institutions, homes and familiesLimitations on where to work or school without male representativesCould not wear bright colors etcGender inequalitiesNew tradition not adapted to situation even stricter rules for women to abide by; forced women into even smaller confined environment; vulnerable group as women and as girls in schoolWorld Bank Strategy for AfghanistanDeveloped through fieldwork in Afghanistan and Pakistan over 35 years:

Sticky Notes201 thing that you enjoyed1 thing that you didnt enjoy as much

201. Begin at grassroots level with locally identified needs.2. Start with the last controversial service in the least conservative area.3. Dont impose services on a community.4. Offer high-quality, culturally sensitive programs, incorporating feedback from participants.5. Act at the request of the community when expanding services.6. Require the community to contribute to the development of the new program.7. Recognize that in Afghan culture, trust and relationships are personal, not organizational.8. Set flexible rules.9. Hold high standards, have high expectations, and model them.10. Offer more controversial programs in a voluntary, culturally sensitive way after trust has been established.